•MAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


#/^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


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Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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n 

n 
n 


Coloured  covers/ 
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Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  £<ndommag6e 

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Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pellicul6e 

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Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag6es 


D 
D 
D 


r^xA    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
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n 


n 


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D 


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10X  14X  18X  22X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


26X 


30X 


H 


24X 


28X 


32X 


laire 
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iger  une 
a  filmage 


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1/ 
u6es 


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la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  teile 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  --►  signif ie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


lire 


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film6s  d  des  taux  de  r6duction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd,  il  est  filmd  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'Images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
lllustrent  la  mdthode. 


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FIl^NK   FORESTER'S 


HORSE  AND  HORSEMANSHIP 


or  TBI 


UNITED  STATES 


tam 


BRITISH  PROYINCES  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


BY 


HENRY  WILLIAM  Hji-RBERT, 

AtTTHOR  O*  , 

"FEANK     FORESTER'S     FIELD     SPORTS,"     "P.SH     AND     FISHING,' 
"THE    COMPLETE    MANUAL    FOR, YOUNG    SPORTSMEN, 
;.,  ETC.,    ETC.,    ETC. 


BBVI8BD,   COBRECTED,    ENLARGED,    AKD    CONTIHTIBD    TO    1871, 

BY 

S.  D.  &  B.  G.  BRUCE. 

•WITH  TT  -TY  OBIGIKAL  POBTBAITS  OF  CELEBRATED  HOBBB8. 


< 


■0 


IN    TWO    VOLUMES. 

VOL.  n. 


NEW  'YORK: 
GEO.    E.   -WOODWAilD,   PUBLISHER, 

1871. 


(■  i 


/I 

r     I 


.H54 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  CongrcBg,  in  the  year  ISJW,  by 

STRINGER  &  TOWNSENT). 

In  the  CTerk'B  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Southern  DlatiJct  e" 

New  York. 


'.li'mimmMmm^- 


Entered  accordln.T  to  Act  of  Cougreer;,  in  the  year  1871.  by 

GEO.  E.  WOOPWARD, 

In  the  Office  of  tht  Librfrldr  of  Congress,  »t  Waehlngton. 


ILLUSTRATIONS    TO    VOL.   II. 


ENGRAVINGS    ON     STEEL. 
VioNrrrB  Title,  designed  by  F.  0.  C.  Dabley.  engraved  by  J.  Smillib. 


ETHAN  ALLEN,  . 
LADY  SUFFOLK. . 
POCAHONTAS,  . 
FLORA  TEMPLE. . 
BLACK  HAWK,  . 

DOUBLE  TEAM  MATCH, 

DEXTER,  . 

LADY  THORNE, 

HAMBLETONIAN,  . 

EDWARD  EVERE'iT,, 

THORNEDALE.  . 

ERICSSON,  . 

MORRILL  (YOUNG)   . 

BASHAW,    , 

LADY  PALMER  AND 

FLATBUSH  MAID, 


PainUd  fty 
W.  F.  ATTWOOD, 

E.  C.  CLABKE,    . 

L.  MATJRER, 

L.  MATJKEB, 

W.  F.  ATTWOOD, 

L.  MATTRER, 

FROM  PHOTOGRAPH, 

MARSDEN, 

FROM  PnOTC  RAPH, 

jj;.  TROYE, 

J.  MACABLIFFE, 

E.  TROTB, 

HARSDEIT, 

FROM  PHOTOGBAJra, 

UABSDBK, 


Engraved  by 
J.  DUTaiE,      . 

CAPEWELL  A  KIMMELL, 

R    HIN8HELW00D, 

CAPEWELL  ft  KIMMELIi, 

CAPBWBLL  ft  KIMMELL, 

B.  HIN8HELW00D, 

T.  PHILLIBHOWN,  . 

B.  HIN811ELWOOD, 

T.  PniLLIBBOWN,  . 

E.  BOGi'.RS,      . 

O.  B.  HAIJj,     .  • 

B.  OrDKUSINO, 
W.  G.  JACKSON, 

C.  BUST, 

W.  G.  JACKSON, 


Page 

48 

80 
112 
144 
17() 
208 
240 
272 
804 
836 
868 
410 
448 
480 

.  628 


/I 


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^ 


LIbT  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


ENGRAVINGS    ON    WOOD. 


BXRCnTED    BY    N.     OJIR. 


Pagt 
40 


The  Vermont  Duauout  IIohbb,       ,,•.... 

The  Conebtooa  IIohbe W 

Thk  Canadian  IIoubb  St.  La  whence,     ...,.•       .68 

Cleveland  Bay  Stallion  Emperor 889 

Colt'h  Buidle .        ■  848 

Position  of  the  Hands  in  Ridino, 859 

A  Neat  Heat  on  Horseback 861 

Baucuer's  System.    Figure  1 898 

<•              "2 892 

«              "8 394 

"              "              •■4, ,        .  894 

"              "              "5, 390 

«              "6, 897 

Ventilator 417 


« 

M 


Rack, 


Manqeb, 
Air  Pipe, 


418 
419 
420 


Saddle  Bench, .  421 

City  Stable  GaotrND  Plan, 428 

Interior  Section, 424 

Elevation 425 

Small  Country  Stable  Side  Elevation 427 

Grodnd  Plan  and  Interior  Section 428 

End  Elevation, 429 

Large  Country  Staiile  Ground  Plan 481 

End  Elevation 482 

Elevation, 484 

Shoeing — The  Foot, 488 

"         Fullering  Iron, 489 

"        Cold  Chisel 490 


LICT  OF   ILLUSTItATlONS. 


861 


SnoKTWO— SnoB.    PtBure2. . 
8,  . 


<•  "        4, .        .       . 

Tool.  Fob  Tcbnino  tub  Toes 

CONHTUUtTION  OF  THE  LEO, 

Shoe.    Figure  7,  . 
8,  . 
Horbb-Shoe  Nails, 
Foot.    Figure  10, 
i(       _       ,       . 
"       Readt  for  Shoeinq, 
"       Shod  with  Leathet., 
Near  Hind  Shoe, 
Near  Hind  Shoe  with  Nail-holbb 


Figure  11, 
•       12, 
18, 
14, 
"       15, 


Pagt 
400 

401 

401 

404 

400 

40H 

400 

000 

BOl 

,    002 

,    508 

.    004 

.    005 

.    BOO 


\ 


I 

& 


-msmm 


■WIK? '^V^I*- V 


CONTENTS   OF   VOL.   II. 


rMk 

The  Hone,  lils  American  Varieties  and  Breeds 

The  Vermont  Draught  Horse, 

The  Conestoga  Horse 

The  Canadian  Horse, 

The  Indian  Pony 

The  Narragansett  Pacor 

The  Horse  Stock  of  Ohio  and  the  West, 

The  Horse  Stock  of  Southern  Oliio 

The  Horse  Stock  of  Michigan 

The  Horse  Stock  of  Iowa,      .        •        •        • 

The  Morgan  Horse, 

Memoir  and  Description  of  the  Justin  Morgan, 

_  188 

The  Trotting  Horse 

Account  of  the  Celebrated  Horse  Topgallant 

Memolrof  Lady  Suffolk,  and  Summary  of  her  Performances,    •        '        "    ^ 

Memoir  of  Flora  Temple,  Pedigree,  Performances,  etc.,       "        "        '        '    ^ 

Performances  of  Flora  Temple 

Lady  Thome,  Pedigree,  Performances,  &c., 

aoldsmith  Maid,     "  "  

„  „  853 

Dexter,  •        "  '  ^^ 

Rysdyk'a  Hambletonian,  Podiprrco,  PerformancoB,  etc.. 


.        .        ■    263 

Young  Morrill.  "  „-- 

M^jor  Winfield  (now  Edward  Everett).  Pedigree,  Performances,  etc.  .        .    200 

Ericsson,  Pedigree,  Performances,  etc 

Basliaw,  Junior,  "  "  

Thomdale,  "  " " 

Ethan  Allen,  Performances,  

Best  Time  on  Record,  Mile  Heats, 


CONTENTS. 


Best  Time  on  Record,  Two-mile  Heats,         .......  283 

Three-mile  Heats, 283 

"               "         Four  Miles, 284 

"  "  Pacmg, .285 

Miscollaneoufl  Examples  of  Extraordinary  Performance  by  American  Trotters,  286 

Principles  of  Breeding, *°'' 

Principles  and  Practice  of  Breeding  for  the  Turf,  etc.,         .        .        •        •  292 

Theory  of  Generation, ...  292 

In-and-in  Breeding, ^95 

Out-Crossing ^^ 

The  Best  Mode  of  Breeding  for  Racing-PurposeB,        .        .        .        •        .307 

Selection  of  Brood  Mare, ^^^ 

Choice  of  Stallions, ^^^ 

Best  Age  to  Breed  from, ^^® 

Best  Time  for  Breeding,        .        .       .        .                ^^^ 

Thoughts  on  General  Breeding, ^^ 

The  Stud  Farm, .333 

Management  of  the  Mare, °^^ 

Management  of  tlie  Foal "^"^ 

Breaking ^^ 

Practical  Horaemanship, °^^ 

Breaking  and  Teaching,  Baucher's  System 374 

Of  the  Forces  of  the  Horse ^82 

The  Flexings  of  the  Hoise ^'^' 

Stabling  and  Stable  Architecture,          .        .               .....  410 

City  Stable  and  Coach  House,        .        .        .        ...        .        .        .423 

SmaU  Country  Stable, ^'' 

Large  Country  Stable, ^^ 

Stable  Management, ^"" 

The  Horse's  Food, ^^ 

General  Management  of  Horses, ^"® 

Condition, '*™ 

Management  of  Farm  Horbes, "'" 

Summering  in  the  Stable, *'* 

Riding,  Driving,  and  Road  Management ^"^ 

Treatise  on  Horst-Shoeing-,  by  Mr.  Miles,       .        .        .        .        .        •        •  486 

Diseases  of  the  Horse, ^'^^ 

F(j:-r  \-uaa  for  Medicine, ^^ 

Rules  of  Racing  and  Trotting  Courses, 539 

Index,      ...       , 589 


mmmmmm^ 


THE  HORSE; 

HIS   AMERICAN   VARIETIES   AND   BREEDS. 


The  thoroughbred  horee  of  America  having  been  treated  tn 
externa  in  the  whole  of  the  firs^  'olume,  which  is  devoted  solely 
to  that  branch  of  the  subject,  it  is  my  purpose,  in  this,  to  deal 
with  the  various  races  and  types  of  the  animal  in  general  use, 
of  breeding,  conditioning,  stabling,  breaking,  and  managing  in 

^  The  thoroughbred  horse  of  America  is  the  only  family  of  the 
horse,  on  this  continent,  of  pure  and  unmixed  blood.  Nor  can 
even  this  pretension  be  made  out  to  satisfaction,  in  all  cases, 
even  where  the  American  thoroughbred  can  trace  directly  in  both 
lines,  to  imported  English  thoroughbred  dam  and  sire. 

For,  as  it  has  been  shown  in  the  preceding  volume,  many  ot 
the  most  distinguished  English  race-horses,  distinguished  as  sires 
no  less  than  runnei-s,  cannot  establish  an  unquestionable  descent 
on  both  sides,  from  oriental  sire  and  oriental  dam  ;  which  is,  of 
course,  requisite  to  constitute  a  perf-ect  thoroughbred. 

Under  this  category,  falls  Eclipse  himself,  whc  traces,  in  the 
female  line,  to  Brimmer,  a  son  of  the  D' Arcy  Yellow  Turk,  and 
aRovalmare,»outofadam,  concerning  whom  no  record  has 
been'received-Blank,  son  of  the  Byerly  Turk,  and  an  unknown 
dam— Whynot,who  in  the  female  line  runs  also  to  the  Byerly 
Turk  and  an  unknown  dam— Grey  Hautboy,  by  Hautboy,  son. 

*  See  Note  1,  p.  66. 


10 


THE  H0R9B. 


of  the  White  Tnrk  and  a  Eoyal  mare,  and  Grey  Gi-antham  son 
of  the  Brownlow  Tnrk,  who  were  both  sons  of  unknown  and 
uncelebrated  mares— Rockwood,  of  whom  nothing  is  recorded, 
but  that  he  was  out  of  the  Lonsdale  Tregonwell  mare,  and  many 
other  horses  and  mares  of  established  character  in  the  history 
of  the  tuif . 

This  does  not  show,  nor,  in  my  opinion,  does  it  even  give  rise 
for  a  just  suspicion,  that  these  unknown  ancestors  were  of  ignoble 
blood  ;  it  is  only,  as  I  regard  it,  a  necessary  consequence  of  the 
remote  period,  the  incorrect  and  careless  habitudes  of  the 
times,  and  the  want  of  regularly  authenticated  documents,  on  a 
subject,  which,  although  now  of  the  most  general  interest,  was 
at  the  origin  of  racing  and  the  turf,  a  mere  individual  concern. 
In  the  same  manner,  many  American  horses,  whose  blood  is 
undoubtedly  pure,  cannot  be  traced,  for  the  reasons  above  given, 
to  the  fountain-head  of  imported  ancestors  of  pure  blood,  on 
both  sides. 

It  must  be  understood,  that  to  prove  a  horse  to  he  of  coarse 
and  cold-blooded  descent,  is  one  thing  certain  and  conclusive  ; 
while  not  to  prove  a  horse  of  pure  blood  establislies  nothing  be- 
yond a  doubt.  And,  while  on  this  point,  I  will  observe  that 
recent  writers  in  America  on  the  English  Turf,  are  falling  into 
a  general  error,  as  to  what,  in  England,  is  held  to  constitute^ a 
thoroughbred.  I  have  often  seen  it  stated,  of  late,  that  eight 
crosses  of  pure  blood,  constitute  a  thorougbred  horse,  even  if 
the  ninth  cross  be  unknown,  or,  what  is  worse,  actually /owi. 

I  beg  to  explain,  and  to  assert  that  do  such  opinion  prevails, 
either  among  breeders,  or  among  the  sporting  world  in  general, 
in  England. 

No  horse,  now  in  the  year  1856,  can  possibly  trace  to  any  of 
the  old  unknown  mares  or  sires,  of  which  I  have  been  speaking, 
in  eight  generations— scarcely  in  twice  the  number.** 

For  the  last  century,  at  the  least,  every  mare  of  thorough- 
blood  is  entered  by  name  in  the  stud-books,  and  all  her  foals 
recorded,  the  oldest  and  most  remote  of  these  mares,  tracing 
back  their  eight,  nine,  or  more  generations  to  the  worthies  in 
question,  whose  dams  are  unknown. 

No  horse  or  mare  is  counted,  or  would  be  held,  thoroughbred 
in  England,  the  dam  and  sire  of  which  is  not  in  the  stud-book. 

*  See  Note  2,  p.  56. 


ifiWBIlilUlpi 


m 


WHAT   18   A   TilOROUGHBBED  ? 


11 


No  breeder  would  dream  of  owning  a  mare,  from  which  to 
raise  thoroughbreds,  she  not  being  found  in  the  Stud-Book. 

Nor,  owning  a  thoroughbred  mare,  would  any  person  stint 
her  to  a  horse  professing  to  be  thoroughbred,  which  should  not 
be  named  in  the  pages  of  that  record.  Any  hoi'se  or  mare, 
warranted  to  be  thoroughbred,  and  purchased  on  such  guaran- 
tee, would  be  returnable,  and  its  price  would  be  recoverable 
at  law,  if  its  name  were  not  in  the  Stud-Book,  or  in  default  there- 
of, if  it  could  not  be  proved  beyond  dispute,  to  be  entitled  to 

place  therein. 

No  horse  or  mare  in  the  Stud-Book,  as  foaled  since  1850,  could 
possibly  have  so  little  as  eight  crosses,  before  the  family  should 
become  unknown ;  because  it  would,  in  that  case,  he  known, 
foul ;  and  would,  therefore,  not  have  place  in  the  book  at  alb 

For  instance,  Lexmgton,  son  of  Boston,  son  of  Timoleon,  son 
of  Sir  Archy,  son  of  Diomed,  is  already  the  offspring  in  his  own 
person,  at  that  stage  of  his  pedigree,  of  four  pure  crosses  ;  but 
Diomed,  through  his  dam,  sister  to  Juno,  has  twelve  pure  crosses, 
before  he  comes  to  the  thirteenth,  the  Byerly  Turk,  by  whom 
his  twelfth  progenitrix  was  begotten  upon  an  unknown  mare.  ^ 

Lexington  therefore  has,  holding  Timoleon's  American  fe- 
male ancestry  to  be  pure,  seventeen  pure  crosses  of  blood ;  and 
his  foals,  of  the  present  season,  have  eighteen  crosses  before  they 
reach  the  oriental  blood.  This  is  not  a  very  long,  but  an  aver- 
age, pedigree.  It  is  therefore  idle  to  speak  of  stud-book  horses, 
or,  in  other  words,  English  thoroughbreds,  being  held  to  be  such, 
on  proof  of  eight  generations,  since  cold-blood.* 

The  way  in  which  this  misapprehension  has  occurred,  is  easy  *" 
to  explain.     For  regular  races,  for  prizes  to  be  run  for  by  thor-    ^ 
oughbred  horses,  the  age  of  the  animal  entereil  is  all  that  the 
owner  is  asked  to  prove.     It  is  presumed,  as  a  matter  of  course, 
that  all  the  horses  entered  will  be  thoroughbreds  ;  but  if  not, 
no  objection  would  be  made.     For,  since  a  thoroughbred  horse 
is  believed  to  be  the  most  complete  and  finished  animal  of  his 
kind,  any  other  starting  against  him  does  so  to  his  own  proper 
loss  and  disadvantage,  not  to  that  of  the  field  or  of  the  racing 
community  ;  and  this  alike,  whether  it  be  an  imported  Barb,  or 
Arab,  a  foreign-bred  racer,  or  an  animal  of  inferior  blood. 
If  any  person  should  think  proper  to  start  a  hunt«r,  a  car- 
*  See  Note  3,  p.  56. 


12 


THE  HOBBE. 


11 


riage  horse,  or  for  that  matter,  a  dray  horse,  for  the  Derby  or 
St.  Leger,  he  would  be  laughed  at  for  his  pains,  but  there  would 
be  no  obstacle  to  his  doing  so. 

In  England,  however,  there  is  another  class  of  races,  con- 
fined, for  the  most  part,  to  inferior  race-courses  in  the  provinces, 
and  to  hunt-meetings,  at  which  prizes  are  given  to  be  run  for 
by  hunters  not  thoroughbred,  and  by  other  horses  of  inferior 
blood,  known  in  common  parlance,  as  Cocktail  Stakes. 

These  prizes  had  their  origin,  for  the  most  ])art,  in  the  desire 
to  elevate  the  style,  character,  action  and  blood,  in  various  sec- 
tions of  the  country,  among  animals  not  thoroughbred  ;  and  it  is 
a  frequent  condition  attached  to  these,  that  the  horses  entered 
must  have  been  hunted  so  many  times  in  the  season,  with  such 
or  such  a  pack  of  hounds. 

As  these  races  became  popular,  as  the  sweepstakes  increased 
in  value,  and  as  the  reputation  gained  by  the  winners  began  to 
add  sensibly  to  their  value,  it  became  an  object  to  introduce 
horses  quite  thoroughbred,  or  as  nearly  thoroughbred  as  possible, 
under  the  guise  of  hunters,  to  compete  with  the  half  and  three- 
quarter  bred  nags,  over  which  they  had  an  incalculable  advan- 
tage ;  the  rather  that  these  hunters'  stakes  are  for  the  most  part 
heat  races,  and  that  coming-ayain  is  especially  the  point  in 
which  blood  tells  the  most. 

To  this  end,  dangerous,  headstrong,  runaway,  thoroughbred 
weeds  would  be  sent  out  the  requisite  number  of  times  in  the  cea- 
Bon  with  a  light  stable-boy  on  their  backs,  to  see  the  hounds  throw 
off,  canter  across  a  few  fields,  pull  up  and  return  to  their  stables. 
Tlie  hunting  season  at  an  end,  they  would  receive  the  huntsman's 
certificate  in  due  form,  that  they  had  been  hunted  so  many  times, 
as  might  be  necessary  to  qualify  ;  would  be  put  into  training, 
and  would,  of  course,  win  the  stakes  at  their  ease,  against  great 
weight-carrying  half-breds. 

This  state  of  things  it  was  necessary  to  prevent,  as  it  was 
entirely  frustrating  the  end  for  which  these  races  were  instituted ; 
and  in  order  to  do  this,  it  was  judged  advisable  to  determine  a 
certain  standard  of  purity  of  blood,  beyond  which  a  horse  should 
not  be  allowed  to  start  in  a  cocktail  race ;  or,  in  other  words, 
beyond  which  he  should  be  deemed  tlwroughhred,  in  so  far  as 
contests  with  horses  of  avowedly  inferior  strain  are  concerned. 


', 


PURE    OKNEBATI0N8   OF   LEXINGTON. 


13 


After  consideration,  it  was  resolved  that  the  proof  adduced 
against  any  horse,  that  lie  had  eight  crosses  of  tliorough  hlood, 
shoukl  disqualify  hi.;i  from  running  as  not  thoroughbred  ;  and, 
in  that  way,  it  has  come  to  he  a  general  mode  of  speech  to  say 
that  a  horse  having  eight  pure  crosses  on  both  sides,  is  thor- 
oughbred.'* \      A       • 

In  some  cocktail  stakes,  five  pure  crosses,  on  both  sides,  is  a 
disqualification  ;  and  in  many  farmers'  stakes,  three  crosses  on 
the  two  sides,  disqualify  a  horse  from  starting  for  such  stakes, 
as  not  thorough  In-ed. 

Any  of  these,   however,  are  far  from  proving  him  to  be 

thoroughbred. 

It  was  a  general  impression  in  Yorkshire,  in  my  time,  among 
the  horse-breeding,  hard-riding,  fox-hunting  farmers,  that  a  colt 
got  by  a  thoroughbred  horse,  out  of  a  dam  and  grand  dam, 
similarly  begotten,  was  thoroughbred :  and  I  believe  that  the 
same  opinion  largely  obtains  among  the  breeders  and  owners  of 
trotting  horses  in  the  United  States.  At  least,  I  know,  that  I 
have  heard  many  animals,  positively,  declared  to  be  thorough- 
bred, when  the  person  asserting  such  to  be  the  case,  did  not 
pretend  to  trace  the  descent  above  two  or  three  generations,  and 
that,  for  the  most  part,  on  the  sire's  side  only. 

The  only  thing  which  constitutes  a  horse  truly  thoroughbred 
is,  that  he,  either,  proves  back  directly  on  both  sides  to  oriental 
sire  and  oriental  dam,  or  proves  back  so  far,  into  the  mist  of  an- 
tiquity, that  the  memory  of  man  goeth  not  to  the  contrary.  It 
is  one  thing  to  trace  Sir  Archy  to  Bustler,  who  was  the  son 
of  the  Helmsley  Turk,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.,  and  a  mare 
whose  name  and  origin  is  unknown. 

Put  it  would  be  quite  another  thing  to  trace  him  to  the  son 
of  the  Helmsley  Turk,  and  a  mare  who  should  be  perfectly  well- 
known  to  be  a  Flemish  dray  mare. 

Even  should  that  be  the  case,  however,  so  many  generations 
have  elapsed  since  Bustler  was  begotten— not  less  than  fifteon 
or  sixteen,  at  the  least,  to  the  present  day— that  the  effect  would 
be  only  to  show  that,  as  has  been  already  stated,  there  is  unde- 
niably, at  the  remotest  point  to  which  we  can  go,  an  infinitesi- 
mal drop  of  some  blood  other  than  pure  Arab,  Barb  or  Turk, 
in  the  veins  of  the  English  and  American  race-horse. 

*  Seo  Note  4,  p.  56. 


14  Tine  noBSE. 

It  has  been  shown  above,  at  pago  99  of  vol.  i,  that  in  the  tenth 
cross,  a  horse  has  but  one  one-thousand-and-twenty-fourth  part 
of  tlie  blood  of  cither  of  his  progonitorrf.  In  the  sixteenth  gener- 
ation, therefore,  he  could  have  but  one  sixty-six-thousand-nine- 
hundred-und-seventy-sixth  part  of  the  blood  of  either  ;  in  other 
words,  that  is  to  say— supposing  Bustler  to  be  the  son  of  a  cart- 
niare,  which  is  incredible,  not  to  say  impossible— of  coaree,  cold 

blood. 

So  also,  in  the  pedigree  of  Ecli])se,  fifteen  full  generations 
are  accomi)lislied  in  the  tbals  of  the  present  year,  since  the  un- 
known mare,  who  was  tlie  most  remote  progenitrix  of  Spiletta, 
the  motlier  of  Eclipse,  was  stinted  to  Briuuner.       '    .       ,       , 

Now,  on  the  other  liand,  supposing  the  dam  or  sire,  in  the 
eighth  degree  of  remoteness,  of  any  animal,  to  be  of  Flemish,  or 
Cleveland  Bay,  or  Suftblk  Punch,  unimproved  blood,  the  animal 
in  question  would  have  one  two-hundred-and-tifty-sixth-part  ot 
that  base  blood  ;  and  in  every  successive  generation,  k^arer  to 
the  strain,  the  proportion  of  base  blood  will  be  doubled ',  'intil 
where  the  sire  is  thoroughbred,  and  the  dam  wholly  coai-se- 
blooded,  tlie  mixture  will  be  half  and  half. 

To  those,  who  have  not  made  this  siibject  of  the  crossing  of 
bloods  their  especial  study,  it  will  appear  incredible  that  the 
two-hundred-and-fifty-sixth  part  in  the  blood  of  an  animal  should 
tell  to  his  detriment ;  to  those  who  have  done  so,  it  is  a  certain 
fact ;  and  one  might  fully  as  well  argue  with  such  persons  against 
the' efficiency  of  lood  at  all,  a3  question  the  deterioration  con- 
sequent on  such  a  strain. 

One  more  observation,  and  I  pass  to  the  consideration  to 
which  these  remarks  are  preliminary,  as  to  tlie  other  distinct 
bloods  or  breeds,  among  horses,  which  are  to  be  found,  improved 
or  unimproved  in  America. 

That  observation  is— that  the  probable  reason  for  the  adop- 
tion of  the  eighth  generation,  as  that  which  should  debar  an 
animal  from  running  as  not  thoroughbred,  is  the  idea  that 
after  such  lapse  of  time  no  difference  was  discoverable  in  the 
performances  of  animals  tracing  directly  to  Barb  or  Arab  horse, 
and  Barb  or  Arab  mare,  and  of  animals  whose  parentage  was, 
on  one  side  or  the  other,  dark.    And  this  reason  would  have 


SPANISH    BLOOD. 


IS 


been  a  good  one,  but  for  two   objections— either  of  them  the 

Firstly— it  should  have  been  siiown  thii*  the  stock  had  been 
improving  constantly,  by  each  successive  cross  of  pure  blood, 
since  the  unknown  admixture,  but  that  cannot  be  shown.  Nor 
is  there  the  slightest  reason  to  suspect  that  Marnko  was  a  better 
horse  than  Squirt,  or  Squirt  than  Bartlett's  OhiUlers,  or  than 
Snake,  liis  maternal  grandfather,  who  was  only  one  generation 
removed  from  blood  which  cannot  be  authenticated  ;  the  daugh- 
ter of  Hautboy,  Snake's  dam,  not  being  traceal)le  on  the  side 

of  her  dam. 

Secondly— it  should  be  established,  that  m  the  case  ot  these 
remotest  ancestors  and  ancestresses  of  unknown  blood,  that 
blood  was  base  ;  whereas,  so  far  from  that  being  the  case,  the 
reverse  of  that  proposition  is  abnost  certain. 

There  are  a  dozen  mares  on  the  old  Turf  records,  not  as  un- 
known, but  known,  under  their  names,  as  for  instance,  the  old 
Monta-'u  Mare,  the  old  Vintner  Mare,  the  mare  above  quoted, 
daught°er  to  Hautboy,  Bright's  Eoan,  the  Lonsdale  Tregon- 
well  mare,  and  others,  of  whom  either  nothing  can  be  authenti- 
cated on  either  side,  or,  if  any  thing,  on  the  side  of  their  sires 

only.  /.   1    . 

Many  of  these  mares  were  the  best  runnei-s  of  their  own 

day,  as  their  progeny  have  been  in  all  after  days  ;  and  we  have 
sufficient  evidence  at  this  period,  from  the  Marquis  of  New- 
castle's work  and  others,  that  racing  was  fully  established,  that  a 
distinct  breed  of  running  horses  existed,  and  that  the  science  of 
breeding  for  the  turf  was  already  partially,  if  not— as  I  should 
say,  from  a  careful  exami-iation  of  bis  writings— pretty  thor- 
oughly undei'stood. 

These  horses  were,  it  seems,  nearly,  if  not  entirely,  of  pure 
Spanish  blood,  previous  to  the  admixture  of  directly  imported 
Barb  blood,  which  Newcastle  distinctly  prefers  to  Arabian. 

How  far  the  imported  Spanish  mares  and  horses  were,  at 
that  date,  of  pure  Barb  blood,  it  is  now  impossible  to  decide. 
We  know  the  Andalusian  horse  was  a  very  high-caste  animal,  of 
Barb  descent,  and  I  think  it  probable  if  the  archives  of  Spain 
could  be  consulted,  that  the  royal  studs  ana  Haras  of  Cordova 
would  be  proved  to  have  contained  pure  Barbs,  and  nothing 


T^rrr- 


Illl 


inl 


ig  TBE  JI0B8E. 

beside  ;  and  tlmt  tne  Royal  S]uv'^h  liorBes,  from  which  the  ear- 
liest EiigHsh  iinpoi-tatioiis  were  made,  were  as  piirel)  and  dis- 
tinctly of  oriental  l)loo(l,  although  bred  on  Spanish  soil,  as  is  the 
English  and  American  race-horse  of  tlie  present  day. 

In  that  case,  and  I  am  myself  nearly  convinced  thaf  so  it  was, 
the  unknown  progeniti-ixes  to  which  so  n)'.icii  spccnlation  has 
attached,  would  have  ht'Mi  as  noble  as  the  noblest  stallions  to 
which  they  bore  the  ch.iurpions  of  the  early  English  Turf,  and 
the  parents  of  our  greatest  modern  winners.     One  tlni'.g  is  in- 
disi)Utably  certain,  that  our  ancestorg  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
the  First  and  Cluirles  the  Second,  were  far  too  well  acquainted 
with  the  theory  and  principle  of  breeding  -as  is  evinced  by  the 
writings  of  Newcastle,  and  the  satires  of  Bishop  Hall,  so  long 
before  as  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth— to  put  a  Flanders  or 
Lincolnshire  coach  mare  to  a  horse  of  high  blood,  at  a  compara- 
tively higli  price,  in  the  liope  of  lier  progeny  turning  out  a  racer. 
It  is  idle,  therefore,  J  say,  in  the  last  degree,  to  believe  that 
the  unknown  progenitrixes  of  Snake,  of  Bustier,  of  Gn  y  Haut- 
boy, of  Grey  Grantham,  and  of  Whynot,  were,  because  unknown, 

ignoble. 

I  may  almost  say,  we  know  that  they  were  not  so.  Firet, 
because  the  breeders  of  those  capital  liorses  could  not,  in  any 
ordinary  liuman  likeliliood,  have  been  so  ignorantly  stupid  as 
to  breed  such  mares  to  the  beet  Turks  and  Arabs  ;  and,  second, 
because,  by  all  that  the  turf-experience  of  two  centuries  has 
taught  us,  we  may  be  sure  that,  if  they  had  done  so,  Snake,  and 
Bustler,  and  Whynot,  and  Grey  Hautboy,  and  Grey  Grantham, 
would  not  have  been  the  result  of  the  ridiculous  experiment, 
but  some  carriage  horses,  or,  at  the  best,  troopers,  of  which  not 
a  word  woidd  have  descended  to  posterity. 

The  laws  of  nature  are,  save  in  exceptional  cases,  immu- 
table ;  and  one  of  the  most  paramount  of  these  seems  to  be 
that  which  insists,  as  a  consequence,  that  like  must  beget  like. 

So  long  ago  as  in  the  reign  of  Augustus  Osesar,  the  first  Latin 
Lyric  Poet  wrote,  not  as  a  fanciful  hypothesis,  but  as  an  en^ab- 
lished  principle. 

Fortes  creantur  fortibus  ei  bonis". 
Est  in  juvem  is,  est  in  cquis,  patrum 

Virtus,  nee  imbellem  feroces 

Progenerant  aquilee  columbam. 


•4.  -  i.jiig.- 


J  17 

WHAT   18   BLOOD « 

Which  one  ,r  ay  ro.idcv-frecly,  but  to  tho  point- 

The  bravo  bcgotton  «ro  by  tho  bravo  and  good. 
Thera  i«  in  stoorH',  thorc  i«  in  horsos  blood, 
Tho  virtue  of  their  sires..     No  tin.id  dove 
Springs  from  the  coupled  eagles'  furious  love.        _ 

V  " ,"' vt', t  &0    wouUl  .....vo  <lroa,.oa  of  putth.g  her  to  a 
ry7drert;„oe,m,i.hav«go.«e,,o™uo„a.lc,.gono™,,o„ 

„,  to   Loin   "  ...10  conclusion  .l,a,,  altl.ongl.,  in  some  c«., 
m  to  «'0  f"  „  „,„  li,,,,,  ,„„y  ,„t  1.0  .iiBtinctly 

uaconblc,  ine      fe  .^  _^^_^^  ,,^„j,j,j 

2;:;nS:   ;^  t:  of  a  t.on.na  of  his  1.00a  U.  ^y.^ 
conformation,  and  his  ^--cUtary  nu  val  qt^J-^.  M -^^^^^^^^^ 

O^e  ste,  or  more  than  the  same,  proportions  iVom  the  Enghsh 

"TCtd,  although,  when  mention  is  made  of  ^.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
thorough  Wood  of  the  Oriental  strain,  as  opposed  to  what  ,s 
tner^W  known  •><  cold  blood,  is  intended,  it  is  umverBally 
generau,  ^^^  ^      bloods-meaning,  by  bloods, 

2^^^^^^^^^  of  transmitting  their  own  type 
^^'  ^llufet  nndeteriorateS,  by  a  continnal  ^oco^^^ 
L-wiuch  have  been  preserved  up  to  this  day  and  still  exist 
"  V^'-if  by  the  word  pure  we  imply  unmixed  with  any  otlier 
bood-as  that  of  the  highest  form  of  racer.  _  Of  these  dis  inct 
fammesrtl--Bt  remarkable  is  the  gigantic  dray-horse,  nsod 
*  This  Bhould  be  imported  Fellow,  a  son  of  Cade.-ED. 
Vol.    11,-3 


I 


i 


I 


18 


THE  HORBK. 


principally,  if  not  ..nly,l.y  the  London  l.rov  '■  (Imtillorn, 
vu8t,  p..n<k>roUK,  hIow  nn.nmlH,  of  ,.n(.rMi..nK  p...v..  nt  .Inu.-ht, 
but  in,-a,.nl.l.' of  tmv.llin^' boyoua  u  foot'^  pace  Hk-ho  huge 
nu«.lnn..as,  four  of  Nvl.ioh  l'«'i«'K  once  irosentod  by  tl.o  Last 
India  (\m.pany  to  Hon.c  native  prince,  were  not  inappropriately 
named  bv  l.ini  EngliHl.  elephant.,  vary  f.<.n.  sixtec...  to  inneteei, 
bandH  i^  height,  and  are  .listinguished  by  the.r  l.roa.l_  el.eHt., 
short  l.aeks,  round  barrels,  their  inmienHC  voluino  ot  mane, 
resembling  that  of  a  lion,  their  heavy  tails,  great  hairy  letloekH, 
and  immense,  well-fonned  feet. 

The  lighter  of  these  horses,  l)efore  the  days  of  railroads,  wero 
used  lor  t'caming,  and  for  carriers'  wagon-horses;  and  the  very 
lightest  in  the  reign  ..f  (iueen  Anne,  for  carriage-horses,  and 
even  for  mounting  the  heavy  cavalry  with  which  lV[arll.orough 
and  Prince  Eugene  rode  over  the  splendid  squadrons  ot  Maison 
Roi  at  Oudeiiarde  and  MalpUupiet. 

Now   they  arc  restricted  entirely  to  the  use  whence  they 
derive  their  name,  and  arc  employed  only  in  the  metropolis,  and 
there  perhaps,  rather  as  a  matter  of  pomp  and  class-pride,  than 
of  real  ntilitv,  bv  the  wealthy  breweiv,  and  distillers,  who  keep 
stables  lull  of  these  great  costly  beasts,  as  fat  and  sleek  as  brew- 
ers' grains,  hot  stabling,  and  careful  grooming  will  render  them, 
and  parade  them  a  few  times  in  every  year,  glittering  in  splen- 
did brass-plated  harness,  and  driven  by  human  bipeds  almost  as 
bulky,  a«  useless,  and  as  slow  as  the  animals  they  conduct. 
These   horses   are,  it   is  supposed,   originally  ot   Handei-s 
'  descent;  but  tliey  have  been  bred  for  many  centuries  in  the 
fons  of  Lincolnsl'.ire,  where  they  reach  their  highest  pertection 
as  to  size,  and  still  exist  entirely  unmixed.    The  cause  ot  tlic 
preservation  of  this  singular  race  of  animals,  in  a  pertectly  pure 
state,  seems  to  be  its  untitnoss,  even  when  crossed  with  lighter 
breeds,  for  any  thing  but  the  slowest  work,  which  has  long  led 
to  its  disuse  even  for  farm-work  and  the  heaviest  teaming  on 
roads;  carriers'  wagons  themselves  having,  long  since,  passed 
into  abeyance  as  complete  as  the  pack-horses  which  ihey  super- 

'*"'  iVis  needless  to  say,  that  for  carriage  horses,  much  less  for 
the  mounts  of  dragoon  regiments,  no  cross,  however  remote,  ot 
thesehuge,slow-stalking,hairy-hoofedmasse8offatandexuberaut 


/ 


..MaftiHIWI 


mimmmmmmmmmmmmmm 


OLKVELANt)   BAYK. 


19 


mu'^clo,  wouM  in  tbcfio  flyin;;  days  bo  t..U-niti'(l,  when  ....ihinK 
will  suit  tho  purpose  but  iuumuiIh,  wlildi  nui  K'>  tlui  piieo  nnd 
keen  It  up,  uihUt  tlu*  hikI.IIo,  or  betoro  u  (huuiKht,  in  u  stylo 
which  can  bo  (lone  by  nothin-  but  u  hiryo  mlinixturo  ..f  tlu>  boHt 
thorou^'h  blodu. 

Tho  HffoiMl  Rront  Englisli  family  which  may,  perhaps,  bo 
roganlod  as  tho  true  typo  of  tho  Kn-lish  horHo  of  tho  Midlan.l 
Counties,  from  tho  remotoHt   tinuM,  in   that  of  the    iur-fanied 
Cleveland  J?,ivh.     Cleveland,   a  district  of  the  Kasl-ndmg  ..I 
Yorkshire,  and  the  Vale  of  IMckering,  in  the  name  county,  has 
been  from  a  very  distant  period  tho  principal  breeding  region  tor 
carriage  horses,  hunters,  troop  horses,  and  hackneys,  of  the  high- 
est grade  ;  and  it  still  preserves  its  char:u^ter  in  that  particular; 
although  tho  character  of  tho  animals  themselves,  used  for  all 
these  purposes,  is  now  entirely  altered  ;  and  altlmugh,  in  con- 
sequence of  tho  alteration  of  tho  demand,  the  original  breed  19 
rapidly  passing  away,  and  a  pure  Cleveland  liay.  of  m.niixed, 
or  unimproved  blood,  is  now  rarely  to  be  met  with,  even  in  its 

own  native  district.  .      ,    r. 

Tho  Cleveland  Bay,  in  its  natural  and  unmixed  ionn,  is  a 
tall,  powerfully-built,  bony  animal,  averaging,  I  should  say, 
fifteen  hands  three  inches  in  height,  rarely  falling  short  ot  tit- 
teen  and  a  half,  or  exceeding  sixteen  and  a  half  hands. 

Tho  crest  and  withers  are  almost  invariably  good,  the  head 
bony,  lean,  and  well  set  on.  Ewo  uecks  are,  probably,  rarer  in 
this'  family  than  in  any  other,  unless  it  bo  tho  dray-horse,  in 
which  it  is  never  seen. 

Tho  faults  of  shape,  to  which  tho  Cleveland  Bay  is  most 
liable,  are  narrowness  of  chest,  undue  length  of  body,  and  flat- 
ness of  tho  cannon  and  shank  bones.  Their  color  is  universally 
bay,  rather  on  the  yellow  bay  than  on  the  blood  bay  color,  with 
black  manes,  tails,  and  legs.  ' 

They  are  sound,  hardy,  active,  powerful  hoi-sts,  with  excel- 
lent capabilities  for  draught,  and  good  endurance,  so  1  jng  as  they 
are  not  pushed  beyond  their  speed,  which  may  be  estimated  at 
from  six  to  eight  miles  an  hour,  on  a  trot,  or  from  ten  to  twelve— 
the  latter  quite  the  maximum— on  a  gallop,  under  almost  any 

The  larger  and  more  showy  of  these  animals,  of  the  tallest 


io 


TIIK   IIOKHK. 


uikI  lii'iivioHt  typo,  wcni  tlio  I'livorito  coach  horwcrt  of  thoir  day  ; 
tln!  uum'  Hjtiry  ati«l  liglitly-hiiilt,  nl"c(iiial  Iici^jjlit,  wcro  tlio  liuiit- 
orH,  in  fill!  (lays  when  tlio  fox  waH  liuiitctl  by  liin  «lnig,  imkcii- 
ncUi'il,  an<l  nm  Imlf  a  (Idzcii  liniiiH,  ur  more,  licfori!  ho  waw 
oith('n'iirthc(l,or  worn  out  ami  worried  to  dcuth.  Tiu-n  thci^liort- 
cr,  lower,  and  morn  cloudy  rilthcd  np  wcro  the  road  liackni^yH; 
u  Htyli)  of  horso  unl.aiipily  now  ulnioHt  extinct,  und  luivinjij,  un- 
equally, Huhstitnted  in  its  j)luco,  a  wretched,  weedy,  half-hred 
or  threc-<[uarter-l)red  beurft,  tit  neither  t(t  ff>  the  jmco  with  a 
weij^ht  on  itH  hack,  nor  to  hint  the  time. 

From  thcHO  Cleveland  Hays,  however,  though  in  their  pure 
Btate  nearly  extinct,  a  very  superior  animal  has  descended,  which, 
after  several  steps  ami  ;;nidatii.iiH,  has  settled  down  into  a  family, 
connnon  throughout  all  Yorkshire,  ami  more  or  less  all  the  Mid- 
land coinitios,  U8  the  farm-horse,  und  riding  or  driving  horso  of 
the  farmers,  having  al)Out  two  crosses,  more  or  less,  of  blood  on 
the  original  (ylovehuul  stock. 

The  lirst  gradation,  when  paco  becunie  rt  desideratmn  with 
lumiuls,  was  the  stinting  of  tho  beat  Cleveland  Uay  nuvres  to 
good  thoroughbrc'  horec  with  a  view  to  tho  progeny  turning 
out  hunters,  troop-horset  or,  in  tho  last  resort,  stngc-coach 
horses,  or,  as  thin'  were  termed,  nuvchiners.  The  most  promis- 
ing of  these  half-bred  colts  were  kept  as  stallions  ;  and  mares, 
of  tho  same  type  with  their  dams,  stinted  to  them,  produced  tho 
imjtroved  Englisii  carriage  horse  of  fifty  years  ago. 

The  next  step  was  the  ])utting  tho  half-bred  fillies,  hy  tho- 
roughbreds out  of  Cleveland  liay  mares,  a  second  time,  to  tho- 
roughbred stallions ;  their  progeny  to  be  ;omo  the  hunters, 
while  fhemselves  and  their  brothers  were  Ic  vored  into  tho  car- 
riage horses ;  and  the  half-bred  stallions,  which  had  been  the 
getters  of  carriage  horses,  were  degraded  into  the  sires  of  tho 
new,  improved  cart-horse. 

From  this,  one  step  nu)re  brings  us  to  the  ordinary  hunter  • 
of  the  present  day,  of  provincial  hunting  countries,  for  light 
Aveighfs,  and  persons  not  willing,  or  able,  to  pay  the  price  of 
tlioroughbreds.  These  are  the  produce  of  the  third  and  ftuirth 
crosses  of  thorough  blood  on  the  improved  mares,  descended  in 
the  third  or  fourth  degree  from  the  Cleveland  Bay  sf^ock ;  and  ^ 
are  in  every  way  superior,  able  and  beautiful  animals,  possess- 


TttR   MODKBK   nrNTKR. 


SI 


Hint- 

WllH 

Imrt- 

K'Vrt  ; 

iili- 

illi  a 

puro 
liicli, 


tiio 


iiif;  ppood  nnd  piidiinuico  Hiiflloiont,  to  llvo  with  thn  host  lioiinda 
in  (iiiy  (•(tiiiitrlcH,  except  tlie  very  facteHt,  Hiieh  as  the  Afelton 
Mdwltray,  thi^  Northam|)tiiiihhire,  and,  perhnpK.  tlie  Vahi  of 
llelvoir,  where  the  IU'UIh  are  ho  hirj^e,  the  land  all  in  jxrawn,  nnd 
the  Bcent  (■'»  tine,  that  fox-hiintinf?  in  them  Ih  in  fact  steeph'- 
ehaninj;;  Ko  tliat  no  fox  ea:i  live  before  th(*  honndH  on  a  lino 
Bcentiiif^  d.'y  aitove  half  an  hour,  nor  any  horne,  execpt  a  tlio- 
rriighhred,  live  even  tliat  time  with  the  hoiindn,  havinjr  fourteen 
Htonu  or  u|>ward  on  his  hack. 

The  three  or  four  parts  hred  horwes,  of  which  I  have  heon 
Hpealviiif;, are  in  j^eneral  better  h'apern  tiiaii  ]>ure-hloo(h(l  horses; 
are  jxTfectl^)  up  even  to  nixfeen  or  eij^hteen  ntone  witli  hounds, 
HcroHs  any  of  tlic  phtugli  countries  in  which  the  hcent  (h)e8  not 
He  HO  liotly  as  on  the  j^rass  hinds  ;  and,  indeed,  across  any  coun- 
try, wliotlier  jLjraKS  or  pjoii^di,  in  wliidi  the  fields  are  small,  the 
enclosures  fri'(jU(iit,  and  the  dividing  fejices  lar^e  and  dlflicMdt. 
For  it  must  bo  borno  in  mind,  first,  that  fences  iinpcdo  liounds, 
which  have  to  scramble  over  them,  more  than  they  do  horses, 
which  take  tliem  in  their  stroke  ;  secondly,  that  it  is  necessary, 
nine  times  out  of  ten,  to  take  a  horse  by  the  head,  when 
^oing  at  his  leaps,  nnd  to  gjivo  him  a  shght  pull  on  alight- 
ing, which  in  some  degree  allows  him  to  catch  his  wind;  nnd, 
thirdly,  that  in  narrow  fields  of  six  or  eight  acres,  which  is  per- 
haps the  average  si/e  in  the  arable  coutitries,  a  horse  cannot 
extend  lumsolf  in  a  racing  stroke,  as  he  can  over  the  great  forty 
and  sixty  aero  pastnrcs  of  Leicestershire  and  llutlandshire,  but 
must  be  kept  going  within  himself,  at  a  three-quarters  galloj), 
and  always  under  a  ])ull.  Severe  fencing,  although  it  takes 
something  out  of  a  horse,  on  tlio  whole,  undoubtedly  favors  the 
lower  bred  Imnter;  because  it  always  in  a  degree  diminishes  tho 
pace,  and,  as  every  sportsman  knows,  it  is  tho  pace  that  kills ;  and 
also,  because  the  part-bred  horse  is,  for  tho  most  part,  both  the 
bolder  and  the  hardier  jumper — the  thoroughbred,  from  the 
thinness  of  his  skin  and  tho  fineness  of  hit  coat,  disliking  to  face 
stiff  thorny  hedges,  and  having,  in  mai7y  cases,  an  insurmount- 
able objection  to  cross  bright  water. 

These  three  or  four  part  bred  hunters  are,  I  think,  as  a  gen- 
eral rule,  tho  most  beautiful  horses  I  have  ever  seen  ;  far  supe- 
rior iii  form  to  the  average  of  thoroughbreds.   They  have  a  good 


22 


THE  H0K8E. 


deal  of  the  Avab  form  m  their  lean,  bony  heads ;  have  almost 
invariably  fine,  lofty,  arched  crests,  and  high,  thin  withers,  and 
show  their  blood  in  the  softness  and  fineness  of  their  coats,  and 
in  the  flat  shape  and  solid' construction  of  their  cannon  bonen 

and  shanks. 

They  have,  in  a  great  degree,  lost  rheir  distinctive  bay  color, 
from  the  numerous  blood  crosses  cf  other  shades  ;  and  are  often 
found  chestnuts,  iron  greys,  blue  and  red  roans,  and  dark  browns 
with  cimuxmon  muzzles ;  which  last  is  a  favorite  color,  being 
supposed  to  indicate  hardiness.  Blacks  are  not  so  conn^^on,  and 
are  held  to  indicate  an  inferior  cross,  often  of  the  black  Lincoln- 
shire cart-horse,  unless  where  the  line  is  distinctly  traceable  to 
the  thoroughbred  sire. 

Many  of  the  most  distinguished  race-horses  have  been  the  most 
favorite"  and  most  successful  hunter-getters,  and  have  acquired 
as  much  celebrity  for  the  transmission  of  their  qualities  to  their 
half-bred  stock,  as  they  have  for  their  racing  descendants  ;  just 
in  the  same  manner  as  Messenger  has  gained  celebrity,  in  this 
countrv,  for  his  roadsters.  ^ 

In  some  districts,  particular  colors  are  very  prevalent ;  indi- 
catiiu--  the  preference  felt  for  some  particular  stallion,  which  has 
stoodin  tliat  neighborhood ;  as  greys  in  the  West  riding  of  Yoi-k- 
shire,  where  Grey  Orville,^' a  St.  Leger  winner  hmiselt,  and  tlie 
lire  of  Ebor,  Emilius,  Muley,  and  many  other  racers  in  a  very 
hio-h  form,  was  a  most  favorite  hunter-getter,  and  the  sire  of 
many  of  the  very  best  part-bred  horses  that  ever  crossed  a  coun- 
ti.y_browns,  with  white  locks  in  the  tail,  in  the  East  riding, 
where  Woodpecker,  of  whom  that  is  the  distinctive  mark  to  the 
fourth  and  fifth  generation,  stood  for  several  seasons— blacks  in 
the  vicinity  of  Doncaster,  the  descendants  of  Smolensko— chest- 
nuts, wherever  that  beautiful  horse,  Comus,  covered  country 
mares  ;  and,  in  yet  later  days,  dark  browns  in  the  North  riding 
of  Yorkshire,  where  that  undeniable  racer  and  progenitor  ot. 
racers,  hunters,  and  steeple-chasers,  Lottery,  formerly  Tinker, 
by  Tramp  out  of  Mandane,  has  deservedly  been  the  favorite  ot 

all  favorites. 

It  is  no  wonder,  that  the  ofi'spring  of  such  horses  as  those 
named  above,  out  of  dams  begotten  by  such  sires  as  Hamble- 
tonian.  Sir  Peter  Teazle,  Doctor  Syntax,  and  Filho  da  Puta,  from 

*  See  Note  5,  p.  56. 


BREEDING. 


28 


e  almost 

lors,  and 
)at8,  and 
)n  bonef\ 

ay  color, 
are  oftei\ 
k  browns 
or,  being 
inon,  and 
Lincobi- 
ceable  to 

I  the  most 
acquired 
8  to  their 
mts ;  jnst 
y,  in  this 

nit ;  indi- 
tvhich  has 
r  of  York- 
[',  and  the 
in  a  very 
lie  sire  of 
jd  a  conn- 
ast  riding, 
lark  to  the 
-blacks  in 
ko — chest- 
d  conntry 
)rth  riding 
^enitor  of. 
ly  Tinker, 
favorite  of 

es  as  those 
.8  Hamble- 
Puta,  from 


marec  themselves  half-bred  ont  of  Cleveland  Bays  by  thorough- 
bred stallions,  should  be  hunters  and  Btoeple-chasers,  m  the 
highest  possible  form,  and  little,  if  at  all,  inferior,  tor  any  pur- 
pose, except  that  of  actual  racing,  to  full-blooded  horses. 

The  price  which  the  breeders  pay  for  the  service  ot  these 
stallions  is  very  considerable,  although  it  is  usual  lor  horses, 
whicli  stand  for  thoroughbred  mares  at  twenty  and  twenty-hvo 
guineas  the  leap,  to  serve  country  mares  for  sums  varying, 
according  to  the  popularity  of  the  horse,  and  the  quality  o     he 
inares  likely  to  be  sent  to  him,  from  live  to  seven  and  ten 
guineas.     But  the  farmers  willingly  pay  the  charges,  and  are 
tmply  rewarded  for  doing  so.    The  colts  and  fillies  are  usually 
broken  at  two  years  old,  to  the  lightest  sort  ot  larm  harness 
work,  such  as  brush-harrowing,  in  order  to  render  them  tract- 
able and  hardy;  and,  when  three  years  old  and  rising  tour, 
are  broken  to  the  saddle,  and  taken  out  with  the  hounds  by 
their  owners ;  who  are  generally  hard  and  determined  riders, 
though  they  have  rarely  good  hands,  and  are  yet  more  rarely 
capable  of  making  or  turning  out  a  made  and  pertect  hunter. 

If  such  young  animals  are  of  good  promise,  gallop  well, 
fence  boldly  and  cleverly,  and  are  of  good  form,  they  will  real- 
ize to  the  breeder  trom  eighty  to  a  hundred  and  twenty  guineas, 
at  four  years  old  ;  and,  it\  in  the  dealers'  hands,  into  which  they 
generally  fall  secondly,  they  realize  their  promise  they  become 
worth  from  a  hundred  and  fifty  to  three  hundred  guineas,  ac- 
cordingly as  they  are  weight-carriers,  and  have  a  greater  or 
less  turn  of  speed.    If  they  prove,  on  the  otliei-  hand,  as  colts, 
too  leo-gv,  cumbersome  and  slow  for  hunters,  with  high-stepping 
action  and  fine  show,  they  will  bring  the  breeder  nearly  as 
much  for  first-class  carriage-horses,  as  they  would  have  done 
had  they  proved  suitable  for  hunters.     If  they  should  tall  short 
of  size  and  show  for  these,  but  be  sound,  active,  and  clever 
horses,  up  to  fifteen  two  inches  high,  they  are  sure  to  reahze 
thirty -five  guineas,  the  regulation  price,  for  light  dragoon  and 
huzzar  chargers;  and  if  yet  smaller,  say  from  fourteen    hree 
to  fifteen  one,  with  beauty,  style,   and  action,  they  wi  1   be 
worth  from  fifty  guineas,  upward,  for  roadsters,  cover  hacks  or 
boys'  hunters.     At  the  very  worst,  if  they  go^wrong  in  the 
wind,  short  of  being  decidedly  broken-winded,  throw  out  bad 


u 


THE  H0R81C, 


curbs,  or  even  incipient  spavins  or  ringbones,  they  arc  certain 
of  fetcliiiig  at  least  tAvcnty-fivc  pounds  for  leaders  of  the  fast 
coaclie? ;  and  probably  are  now  worth  as  much  for  horsing  the 
rural  onniibuscs  and  railroad  tenders. 

No  sort  of  breeding  in  England  is  so  profitable  as  this.  The 
breeder  is  comparatively  secured  against  any  thing  like  ulti- 
mate loss,  while  he  has  a  fair  chance  of  drawing  a  capital  prize, 
in  the  sliape  of  a  first-rate  hunter,  or  a  carriage  horse  of  supe- 
rior quality  ;  and  it  is  to  the  breeding  of  such  class  of  animals 
that  the  attention  of  the  farmers,  in  horse-breeding  counties,  is 
wholly  directed  at  this  date. 

For  tliis  reason,  one  has  no  more  pure  Cleveland  Bays,  the 
use  of  tlie  stallion  of  that  breed  being  entirely  discontinued ; 
large,  bony,  slow  thoroughbreds  of  good  form,  and  great  power, 
which  have  not  succeeded  on  the  turf,  having  been  substituted 
ibr  them,  even  for  the  getting  of  cart  and  farming-team  horses ; 
and  the  farmers  finding  it  decidedly  to  their  advantage  to  work 
large,  roomy,  bony,  half  or  two-third  bred  mares,  out  of  which, 
when  they  grow  old,  or  if  by  chance  they  meet  an  accident, 
they  may  raise  hunters,  coach  horses,  or,  at  the  worst  chargers, 
or  machiners,  rather  than  to  plough  with  garrons  and  weeds, 
the  stock  of  which  would  be  valueless  and  worthless,  except  for 
the  mei-est  drudgery. 

It  is  of  these  horses,  that  I  am  ]>orfectly  convinced,  trotters 
might  be  made  of  the  highest  quality,  if  those  most  fitted  to 
the  purpose  were  selected  for  that  end  by  men  properly  quali- 
fied to  judge  of  them,  and  were  then  trained  and  trotted,  ac- 
cording to  American  rules,  by  such  nien  as  Spicer,  "Woodruff, 
or  Wheelan— and  that  such  could  be  furnished,  even  in  greater 
numbers,  than  they  are  here,  in  America,  from  hunting  stables, 
and  farm-studs  devoted  to  the  rearing  of  such  animals,  I  have 
no  sort  of  doubt. 

I  have  seen  several  American  trotters,  which,  from  their  ap- 
pearance, would  have  passed  as  English  hunters— especially  those 
of  Messenger's  get — and  which,  I  doubt  not,  if  trained  for  that 
purpose,  would  have  shone  as  much  across  country  ne  they  did 
on  the  trotting  turf.  I  would  particularly  specify  that  very  ex- 
cellent and  game  animal,  of  the  olden  day,  who  accomplished 
the  then— I  speak  of  twenty  years  ago  and  upward— rare  feat 


PAUL  PRY. 


38 


of  trotting  above  eighteen  miles  in  the  hour,  Mr.  Wm.  McLcod's 

Paul  Pry. 

This  horse  lived  to  a  good  old  age,  and  was  last  owned  by 
Mr.  William  Niblo.  As  he  grew  old,  he  became  gaunt  and 
raw-boned,  but,  in  his  better  days  he  presented  to  my  eyes  very 
nearly  the  cut  of  an  English,  or,  perhaps,  I  should  say,  rather 
an  Msh  hunter— for  he  had  something  of  a  goose  rump— of 
the  highest  fonn.  I  have  repeatedly  ridden  him,  as  he  stood 
for  many  months  in  my  stable,  and  ho  was  a  fine  steady  galloper, 
and  could  take  a  four-foot  fence  in  his  stroke  and  think  nothing 
of  it. 

I  have  often  wondered  that,  among  the  many  importations  of 
stock  by  our  spirited  and  enterprising  breeders,  who  are  doing 
so  much  for  the  imjirovemcnt  of  horses  and  cattle  in  America, 
no  one  has  thought  of  importing  some  fine,  roomy,  sixteen 
hands,  half  or  two-third  parts  bred  mares,  by  highly  reputed 
sires*  lam  satisfied,  that  such  mares,  judiciously  bred  to  the 
strongest  and  most  powerful  of  our  American  or  imported  stal- 
lions, such  horses  as  Consternation  is  reported  to  be,  or  as  Bos- 
ton was,  in  all  but  the  fatal  defect  of  his  blindness,  would  do 
more  to  improve  the  stock  of  the  United  States  in  size  and  sub- 
stance, without  loss  of  speed  or  blood,  than  any  other  plan  of 
breeding  can  effect — since  I  am  satisfied  that  all  attempts  at 
giving  strength,  bone,  and  substance  to  the  offspring  of  light, 
under-sized,  weedy,  highbred  mares  by  stinting  them  to  Mor- 
gan, or  Black  Hawk,  part-bred  trotting  stallions,  or  to  im- 
ported Normau  horses,  are  moves  in  the  wrong  direction,  and 
must  lead  not  to  the  improvement,  but  to  the  deterioration  of 
.the  stock  ;  which  wWlprobaUy  not  gain  much  in  size  or  power, 
and  will  certainly  lose  in  blood,  and  consequently  in  the  ability 
to  stay  a  distance. 

In  order  to  improve  a  race,  it  appears  to  be  indisputable, 
that  the  superior  blood  must  be  on  the  sire's  side,  the  size,  form 
and  beauty,  on  that  of  the  dam. 

Tliis  is,  however,  a  portion  of  my  subject  which  will  be 
considered  more  at  length  in  another  part  of  this  volume,  under 
the  head  of  breeding,  where  all  the  considerations  of  that  in- 
teresting topic  will  be  reviewed  at  some  length. 

I  shall  now  proceed,  shortly,  to  the  other  more  remarkable 
*  Boston  was  not  blind  when  lie  died. 


'1 


% 


-♦ 


20  THE  nOBSK. 

English  fjunilios  of  the  horse  ;  treating  them,  however,  far  more 
succinctly  than  I  have  done  the  Cleveland  Bays,  as  they  have 
been  less  often  imported  into  this  country,  and  have  contributed 
little,  if  at  all,  to  the  formation  of  any  part  of  the  stock  of  the 
United  States,  having  left  scarcely  any  perceptible  trace  of 
their  blood  in  any  existing  breed.  This  is  not  true  of  the 
Cleveland  Bays,  whose  mark  is  clearly  discernible  in  the  work- 
ing horses  of  several  of  the  Eastern  States,  Massachusetts,  and 
Vermont,  more  especially,  into  the  former  of  which  several 
mares  and  one  stallion  were  imported  by  the  late  Admiral  Sir 
Isaac  Coffin,  beside  others,  I  believe,  at  a  more  remote  period. 

The  second  distinct,  old  English  breed  is  the  Suffolk  Punch, 
which  is  said  to  bo  originally  descended  from  the  Norman  stal- 
lion and  old  Suffolk  cart-marc. 

It  is  now,  like  the  Cleveland,  nearly  extinct;  but  has  been 
replaced  by  an  animal  possessing  many  of  the  characteristic 
peculiarities  and  excellences  of  its  ancestors,  with  higher  blood 
and  more  perfect  finish.  "  The  true  Suffolk,"  says  Mr.  Youatt, 
»  stood  from  fifteen  to  sixteen  hands  high,  of  a  sorrel  color ;  was 
large-headed  ;  low-shouldered,  and  thick  on  the  top ;  deep  and 
ronnd-chested ;  long-backed;  high  in  the  croup,,  large  and 
strong  in  the  quarters ;  full  in  the  flanks;  round  in  the  legs, 
and  short  in  the  pasterns.  It  was  the  very  horse  to  throw  his 
whole  weight  into  the  collar,  with  sufficient  activity  to  do  it 
effectually,  and  hardihood  to  stand  a  long  day's  work." 

I  should  here  observe,  that  what  is  in  England  called  sorrel 
is  a  very  different  color  from  that  which  we  understand  by  the 
same  name  ;  which  is,  in  truth,  chestnut,  in  all  its  various  tints, 
from  something  nearly  approaching  to  real  sorrel,  up  to  copper- 
colored  brown,  with  golden  reflections. 

The  real  Suffolk  sorrel  trenches  very  closely  on  the  dun,  with 
a  kind  of  bluish  or  nmd-colored  under-tint  running  through  it. 
Their  manes  and  tails  are  heavy,  inclined  to  curl  or  wave,  and 
are  invariably  of  a  far  lighter  shade  than  the  bodies  ;  they  are 
often  cream-colored,  and  sometimes  even  pure  white,  though 
without  the  silvery  gloss  and  sparkle  peculiar  to  the  mane  of  a 
gray  or  white  horse ;  and  the  legs,  which  are  also  invariably 
light,  from  the  knee  downward,  have  a  dull,  dingy,  whitey-brown 
hue,  which  is  the  reverse  of  pleasing  or  beautiful. 


THE  SUFFOLK   PUNCH. 


87 


In  fact,  the  clmracteristics  of  the  Suffolk  are  all  those  of 
utility  as  opposed  to  show.  He  is  peculiar  to  the  Saxon  coun- 
ties of  old  England,  and  is  pretty  nearly  to  the  horse  what  the 
Saxon  man  is  to  the  human  race  at  large — a  shortish,  thick-set, 
square-built,  stumpy,  sturdy  individual,  with  a  good  many  ster- 
ling, solid  q\iulities,  and  a  plentiful  lack  of  graces  and  amenities ; 
he  is  stout  of  body,  but  slow  to  move,  and  when  moved,  yet 
slower  to  desist  from  motion  ;  persevering,  of  indomitable  will, 
iron  resolution  and  determined  obstinacy,  not  far  removed  from 
stubbornness  ;  but  of  little  spirit,  and  less  fire.  He  was  a  useful 
cart-horse  and  excellent  for  teaming;  but,  in  proportion  as  rail- 
roads and  locomotives  have  superseded  vars  and  wagons  for  the 
transportation  of  heavy  merchandise  and  slow  passengers,  ex- 
cept in  cities,  the  Suffolk  Punch  has  made  way  for  quicker 
travelling  and  lighter,  if  not  more  honest,  or  intrinsically  valua- 
ble animals. 

"The  present  breed,"  Mr.  Youatt  contimies,  "possesses 
many  of  the  peculiarities  and  good  qualities  of  its  ancestors.  It 
is  more  or  less  inclined  to  a  sorrel  color ;  it  is  a  taller  horse ; 
higher  and  liner  in  the  shoulders ;  and  is  a  cross  of  the  York- 
shire half  or  three-quarters  bred  horse. 

"  The  excellence  and  a  rare  one  of  the  old  Suffolk— and  the 
new  breed  has  not  quite  lost  it— consisted  in  nimbleness  of  ac- 
tion, and  the  honesty  and  continuance  with  which  he  would 
exert  himself  at  a  dead  ]nilL  Many  a  good  draught  horse 
knows  well  what  he  can  effect ;  and  after  he  has  attempted  and 
failed,  no  torture  of  the  whip  will  induce  him  to  straia  his 
powers  beyond  their  natural  extent.  The  Suffolk,  however, 
would  tug  at  a  dead  pull  until  he  dropped,  it  was  beautiful  to 
.see  a  team  of  true  Suffolks,  at  a  signal  from  the  driver,  and 
without  the  whip,  down  on  their  knees  in  a  moment  and  drag 
every  thing  before  them.  Brutal  wagers  were  frequently  laid 
as  to  their  power  in  this  respect,  and  many  a  good  team  was 
injured  and  ruined.  The  immense  power  of  the  Suffolk  is  ac- 
counted for  by  the  low  position  of  his  shovilder,  which  enables 
him  to  throw  so  much  weight  into  the  collar. 

"  Although  the  Punch  is  not  what  ho  was,  and  the  Suffolk 
and  Norfolk  farmer  can  no  longer  boast  of  ploughing  moro 


88 


THE  nOBSB. 


land  in  a  day  than  any  one  else,  this  is  undoubtedly  a  valuable 
breed. 

"Tlie  Duke  of  Richmond  obtained  many  excellent  carriage 
horses,  with  strength,  activity,  and  figure,  by  crossing  the  Suf- 
folk with  one  of  his  best  hunters. 

"The  Suffolk  breed  ib  in  great  request  in  the  neighboring 
counties  of  Norfolk  and  Essex.  Mr.  Wakefield  of  liarnham,  in 
Essex,  had  a  stallion  for  which  he  was  offered  four  hundred 
guineas." 

Few  of  this  useful  breed  of  working  horses  have,  I  believe, 
been  brought  to  the  United  States  ;  and  I  find  no  record  of  any 
marcs,  whatever,  being  imi)orted.  A  Suffolk  cart  stallion  was, 
liowcver,  sent  into  Massachusetts,  in  the  year  1821,  l)y  Mr. 
John  Ooflin  of  New  P.runsvnck;  and,  although  I  do  not  know 
in  what  i)art  of  the  State  he  stood,  or  Avhat  mares  he  served, 
I  have  sometimes  fancied  that  I  could  detect  something  of  the 
character  of  the  Tunchcs  in  tlic  short-built,  active  horses  used 
in  the  cartmen's  drays  of  Boston,  in  that  State  ;  a  widely  difl 
ferent  animal  from  that  used  in  the  New  York  trucks,  many  of 
which  show  a  considerable  degree  of  blood. 

Tliere  are  two  other  well-known  families  of  working  horses 
in  Great  Britain  ;  the  first  of  which  is  the  improved  Clydesdale 
cart-horse,  which  is  said  to  owe  its  origin  to  the  Duke  of  Hamil- 
ton, who  crossed  some  of  the  best  Lanark  mares,  with  stallions 
he  had  brought  over  from  Flanders.  "  The  Clydesdale  is  longer 
than  the  Suffolk,  and  has  a  better  head,  a  larger  neck,  a  lighter 
carcass,  and  deeper  legs."  "  It  is  strong,"  says  Mr.  Youatt, 
"  hardy,"  pulling  true,  and  rarely  restive.  The  southern  parts  of 
Scotland  are  principally  supplied  from  this  district ;  and  many 
Clydesdales,  not  only  for  agricultural  purposes,  but  for  the 
coach  and  the  saddle,  find  their  Avay  to  the  central  and  even  the 
Bouthern  parts  of  England." 

I  am  not  aware  that  any  of  these  horses  have  been  brought 
to  America ;  nor  do  I  know  that  any  particular  advantage  is  to 
be  looked  for  from  their  introduction,  although  they  are  good 
and  faithful  horses,  excellent  for  farm  purposes,  and  would 
make,  without  any  improvement  of  blood,  extremely  useful 
stage-horses,  especially  for  hilly  and  heavy  roads,  where  more 
power  than  speed  is  desired. 


THE  OALLOWAi. 


99 


Tlie  Heavy  Black  Horse  of  Lincolnshire  is. another  distinct 
variety,  bred  "in  all  the  nudhmd  counties  from  Lincoln  to  Staf- 
fordshire. They  arc,  in  fact,  only  a  Rinullor  and  lighter  style 
of  dray-horse,  improved  by  admixture  of  Flanders,  and,  i)ei- 
Imps,  of  a  small  percentage  of  thorongh-blood.  They  are  stdl 
inunense  animals,  standing  seventeen  hands  high,  with  better 
forehands,  iiner  withers,  and  flatter  and  deeper  logs  than  the 
dray-horse.  The  imi-rovement  in  their  blood  has  increased 
their  t-ace  from  two  and  a  half  to  about  four  miles  an  hour,  on 
a  walk,  which  is  their  only  pace,  since  they  are  incapable  of 
raising  a  trot.  Tliey  are  used  for  wagon-horsoi^,  and  for  draw- 
ing heavy  teams  froiri  the  wharves  throligh  the  streets  of  Lon- 
don, and  occupy  much  the  same  position  in  England,  as  is  held, 
here,  by  the  Conestoga  horse,  which  I  believe  to  be  in  great 
part,  if  not  entirely,  of  this  blood. 

There  was  an  excellent  breed  of  little  horses,  varying  from 
thirteen  to  fourteen  hands  high,  existing  in  the  district  of  Gal- 
loway, on  the  shore  of  the  Solway  Frith,  in  the  south  of  Scot- 
land, which  had  their  name  from  the  district  in  which  they  had 
their  origin.     But  it  is  now  nearly  extinct. 

"There  is  a  tradition,"  according  to  Mr.  Yonatt,  "that  the 
breed  is  of  Spanish  extraction,  some  horses  having  escaped  from 
one  of  the  vessels  of  the  Grand  Armada,  which  was  wrecked  on 
the  neighboring  coast.  This  district,  however,  so  early  as  tho 
time  of  Edward  I.,  supplied  that  raonarch  with  a  great  number 

of  horses." 

I^  is  much  to  be  lamente(i,  that  this  admirable  race  of  ani- 
mals is  ahnost  lost,  and  where  it  exists  is  sorely  deteriorated, 
owing  to  the  non-perception  and  non-appreciation  of  its  peculiar 
excelTences  as  a  roadster  and  hackney,  either  to  drive  or  ride  :^ 
and  to  its  nnsuitujility  to  ordinary  i'urm  work  from  want  of 

power  and  size.  ^ 

To  increase  these,  and  obtain  a  race  more  suitable  to  the 
purposes  of  agriculture,  the  larmers  of  its  native  region  have 
crossed  it  with  larger  and  coarser  farm-stallions,  which  has  had 
the  very  effect,  that  may  always  be  looked  for,  under  such  cir- 
cumstances; thepecubar  excellences  of  the  race  are  lost,  and 
those,  which  it  is  desired  to  ingraft  upon  it,  are  not  attained. 
It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  truly  admirable  qualities  of  the 


^.8ifigiai»w»" 


.f.^^^^'ft^^Bir 


80 


THE  HORBE. 


Galloway  wore  never  l.rongl.t  into  notice,  nntil  it  was  too  late; 
the  t.n.niovn.ent  of  it,  while  the  nice  was  in  its  hest  ionn,  being 
conliiu.l,  iui-  the  n.OBt  part,  to  the  better  cla.«  of  farmers,  sma.l 
rural  ]>roi.r;etor8  and  little  country  gentry,  who  were  not,  in  the 
last  century,  perBons  of  exten.le.l  vieWB,  «.r  liberal  educati..... 

I  uin  disponed  to  dwell  on  this  animal  a  little  m<.re  luUy 
than  I  Bhould  otherwise  do,  not  that  it  exists  in  these  States,  or 
has  ever-so  far  as  we  know  or  suspect-been  imported  to  tbeni ; 

■  but  because  it  is  closely  analogous  to  a  kindred  animal,  ot, 
I  believe,  the  same  stock,  i>articipating  in  a  high  degree  ot  the 
eame  virtues,  which  has  in  the  same  manner  become  extinct, 
to  the  deep  regret  of  all  true  lovers  of  the  horse. 

It  must  be  remembered,  that  in  Great  Britain,  m  consc- 
nnence  of  the  existence  of  this  peculiar  pure  race  of  smal  -sized 
animals,  in  the  district  of  Galloway,  whence  they  obtained  their 
name,  all  very  small  horses  came  to  be  called  Galloways;  and 
that  in  the  North  of  England,  particularly,  the  word  Clalloway 

■  is  now  Pvnoiivmous  with  pony,  conveying  no  pretence  that  the 
animal,  so  called,  has  any  distinctive  blood.     I  will  here  add 
that  the  word  ponv,  in  England,  is  used  to  imply  a  horse  under 
thirteen  hands  in  iieight,  which  is  not  subject  to  taxation-not, 
as  it  is  nsed  in  America,  an  animal  of  a  short  stocky  iorination, 
such  as,  or  even  larger  than,  one  which  would,  across  the  waier, 
be  called  a  Cob.     I  well  remember  my  surprise  at  being  shown 
a  pair  of  clever,  close-ribbed,  round-barrelled  horses,  of  full  fitteen 
hands,  and  perhaps  something  over,  under  the  appellation  ot 
vonies,  on  mv  lirst  arrival  here.     I  proceed,  however,  to  Mr. 
Youatt's  description  of  the  true  Galloway,  to  which  I  shall  ap- 
pend a  few  observations  of  my  own,  on  the  original  breed,  its 
failure,  and  the  attempts  which  have  been  made  to  replace  it. 

"The  pure  Gallowav,"  says  he,  "was  said  to  be  nearly  tour- 
teen  hands  high,  and  sometimes  more,  of  a  bright  bay  or  brown, 
Avith  black  legs,  and  small  head  and  neck,  and  peculiarly  deep 
clean  legs.  Its  qualities  were  speed,  stoutness,  and  surefooted- 
ness,  over  a  very  rugged  and  mountainous  country. 

"Dr  Anderson  thus  describes  the  Galloway.  'There  was 
once  a  breed  of  small  elegant  horses  in  Scotland,  similar  to  those 
of  Iceland  and  Sweden,  which  were  known  by  the  name  of  Gal- 
loways the  best  of  which  sometimes  reached  the  height  of  tour 


nCKKOKMANCK  OF   OALLOWAYB. 


81 


or 


teen  and  a  half  luuwls.  One  of  this  description  I  po88C88od,  it 
h-xviii"  l)ecn  bought  for  my  ubo  when  I  was  a  boy.  In  point  ot 
eioKiv.^e  of  .hape,  it  was  a  pc-rfoct  picture  ;  an.l  in  d.spns.t.on 
it  was  gentle  and  con.pliaut.  It  moved  alm<.st  to  a  w.hI.,  and 
never  tired.  I  rode  this  little  cr.uiture  for  twenty-hvc  years, 
and  twice  in  that  time  I  rode  v,  hundred  and  Hfty  miles  at  a 
Btreteh,  without  st<.pping,  excej.t  to  bait,  and  that  not  tor  above 
an  hour  at  a  tin.e.  It  came  ia  at  the  last  stage  with  as  much 
ease  and  alacrity  as  it  travelled  the  iirst.  I  could  have  umler- 
taken  to  have  performed  on  this  boast,  when  it  was  in  its  prime, 
sixty  a  miles  a  day  for  a  twelvemonth  running,  without  any 

extraordinary  exertion.'  ,       .   ■ 

"Adallowayin  point  of  size— whether  ot  Scotch  origin  or 
not  we  are  uncertain-performed,  about  the  year  1814,  a  greater 
feat  than  Dr.  Anderson's  favorite.  It  started  from  London  w.tli 
the  Exeter  mail,  and  notwithstanding  the  numerous  changes  ot 
horses,  and  the  rapid  driving  of  that  vehicle,  it  arrived  at  hxe- 
ter_<me  hundred  and  seventy-two  miles,  a  quarter  ot  an  hour 

before  the  mail.  ,       .     ,      ..  ^ 

"In  175-t  Mr.  Corker's  Galloway  went  one  hundreil  miles 
a  day  for  three  successive  days,  over  the  Newmarket  Course, 
and  without  the  slightest  distress. 

« A  Galloway  belonging  to  Mr.  Sinclair,  of  Ivirby  Lons- 
dale, performed,  at  Carlisle,  the  extraordinary  feat  of  a  thousand 
miles  in  a  thousand  hours. 

"  Many  of  the  Galloways  now  in  nse  are  procured  eitli3r 
from  AVales  or  the  New  Forest ;  but  they  have  materially  dimin- 
ished in  number;  they  are  scarcely  sufficient  to  supply  ev^^n 
the  neighboring  districts,  and  they  are  still  more  materially  de- 
teriorated in  fm-m  and  value.  Both  the  Welsh  and  Ilainpshire 
Galloways  and  ponies  claim,  however,  some  noble  blood 

In  my  own  youth,  I  recollect  to  have  seen  two  Galloways 
of  the  true  Scottish  blood,  as  distinct  from  tiiose,  of  which  I  shall 
presently  speak,  created  by  especial  breeding,  in  the  vain  hope 

of  filling  the  vacancy.  ,      •  j.     .   i 

They  were  both,  as  nearly  as  possible,  of  the  size  indicatea, 
fourteen  hands  to  fourteen  hands  and  a  half  in  height ;  but,  un- 
like what  is  stated  above  of  their  color,  they  were  ot  a  deep, 
rich,  glossy  chestnut,  almost  copper-colored  in  the  shadow,  with 


J 


n 


8S 


THE   IIOUSK. 


lop^  not  Miick,  hnt  doculcdly  darker,  instead  of  Ijclng  lighter 
tlmii  tlu!  Itodii's. 

J  have  iiiyselfno  ohjcction  whatever  to  white  legs  and  feet, 
of  any  nmnber,  or  to  any  extent — I  do  not  believe  that  white 
hoofs  are,  in  the  least  degree,  softer  or  more  brittle  than  hlaek 
hoofii;  and  I  believe  that  tlie  oKI  ideas  eurrent,  in  reference  to 
tlie  number  of  wliite  legs  or  feet  indicating  excellence  or  the  re- 
veree,  are  the  merest  and  stnpidest  of  all  old  wife's  superstitions; 
but  I  do  plead  guilty  to  the  strongest  prcjiidiee  against  self-c(d- 
ored  logs  of  a  lighter  shade  than  the  rest  of  the  limbs,  growing 
paler  and  more  dingy  as  it  descends. 

A  bay  horse,  with  pale,  dingy,  dull-yellow  legs,  ai)proaching 
to  dirty  sorrel,  is,  according  to  my  notion,  to  whatever  pedigree 
ho  may  lay  claim,  certain  to  be  largely  tainted  with  coai-se  cold 
blood  ;  and  a  chestnut  with  sorrel  legs,  or  a  sorrel  witii  whitey- 
brown-paper  legs,  I  think  worse  yet ;  and  I  would  own  such  an 
one,  on  no  consideration.  On  the  other  hand,  I  consider  the 
gradual  darkening  of  the  legs  downward  to  the  hoof,  or  if  the 
animal  have  white  feet  or  white  stockings,  downward  to  the  up- 
ward margin  of  the  Avhite,  as  a  corroborative  indication  of  good 
blood  ;  if  the  legs  be  also  clean,  flat-boned,  and  free  from  hair 
about  the  fetlocks. 

All  these  points  were  conspicuous  in  the  Galloways  of 
which  I  speak,  and,  moreover,  they  had  long,  thin  manes; 
rather  spare  than  shaggy  tails ;  small,  lean,  bony  heads  ;  one  of 
them  with  the  broad  brow  and  basin  face  of  the  Arab;  thin 
necks,  particularly  line  toward  the  throat,  and  setting  on  of  the 
head ;  soft  silky  coats ;  large  eyes,  and  all  the  particular  indica- 
tions of  thorough  blood. 

Their  paces  were  generally  the  walk  or  the  canter ;  and  nei- 
ther of  the  two  was  a  particularly  handsome  or  fast  trotter,  going 
along  at  a  good  rate,  indeed,  but  in  a  shuffling  style,  neither 
clearly  a  trot  nor  a  canter.  One  of  them,  which  I  often  rode, 
amUed,  as  it  was  called  then  and  there,  so  fast  as  to  keep  up 
with  the  hand  gallop  of  a  thoroughbred  lady's  mare,  in  company 
with  which  it  was  constantly  ridden. 

This  Galloway,  so  far  as  I  can  remember  it,  was  in  fact  nei- 
ther more  nor  less  than  a  natural  pacer,  and  I  am  convinced 


Mi 


PACING   0AUX)WAT8. 


83 


tlmt  tlip  other  might  with  oaso  have  hccn  trained  to  the  same 
pace,  .111(1  to  a  good  rate  of  going. 

AVhctlier  thin  was  or  waH  not  a  characteristic  of  the  race,  I 
am  nnul)lo  to  say  ;  but  I  know  that  the  aniniaJH  Hcenied  to  me, 
tiioM,  {K-rfect  heaiix  ideals  of  AndaUisian  jennotH,  and  were  regard- 
ed us  sucli,  by  persona  more  com})oteut  to  pronounce  than  niy- 
eelf. 

Taken  in  consideration  with  reference  to  the  tradition,  as  to 
their  origin,  and  comparing  tliis  with  the  like  story  in  regard  to 
the  Narraganset  jjacers,  1  am  of  opinion  tliat  these  two  now 
nearly  extinct  races,  were  nearly,  if  not  altogether  identical, 
both  in  characteristics  and  descent ;  and  that  it  is  equally 
lamentable,  that  both  breeds  have  passed  away,  owing  to  a  want 
of  comprehension  of  their  merits,  and  a  failure  of  well-directed 
efforts  to  preserve  them. 

In  relation  to  the  Scottish  Galloway,  attempts  have  been 
made,  by  breeding,  to  produce  a  creature  analogous  to  it,  and 
possessing  the  same  qualities;  it  has,  however,  but  partially 
succeeded.  Neither  its  remarkable  beauty,  nor  its  singular  en- 
durance as  a  roadster,  which  was  its  most  marked,  as  well  as  its 
most  important,  characteristic,  having  been  in  any  degree  re- 
produced by  the  experiments  at  artificial  breeding. 

This,  by  the  way,  is  in  nothing  remarkable,  although  the 
converse  proposition  would  have  been  very  much  so ;  if,  as  is 
insisted,  the  Scottish  Galloway  was,  in  itself,  an  animal  of  pure 
original  descent.  Since  it  is  well  established,  that,  however 
nearly,  by  the  admixture  of  different  races  of  animals,  we  may 
in  the  end  produce  an  external  imitation  of  some  particular  fiira- 
ily  or  breed,  we  must  never  look  to  create  physical  or  moral 
qualities,  much  less  to  establish,  by  a  succession  of  mixtures,  a 
blood  which  shall  transmit  itself  unmixed  and  identical,  from 
generation  to  generation. 

This  appeai-8  to  be  an  immutable,  as  it  is  a  most  wise  and 
providential  law  of  nature. 

Monstei-s  and  mongrels  cannot  reproduce  their  qualities,  or 
even  their  external  form.  Were  it  not  so,  this  fair  earth  would, 
long  ere  this,  have  become  a  chaos — a  mere  laboratory  of  mon- 
strosities ;  and  the  excellent  forms,  graceful  movements,  and  ar- 
tistically attributed  hues  of  the  types  of  the  animated  world. 
Vol.  II.— 3 


34 


THE   liUltSK. 


would  1)0  loflt  in  n  mixed  conpjoricH  of  grotoBquc  ntid  daily-do* 
^I'lU'nitiii;^  lijhridri  iiiitl  iiioiistcrH. 

And  tluH  is  n  fact  which  never  ou^lit  to  bo  forj^otton  hy  tiio 
Itrc'c'dor  of  aiiiiniilH.  IIo  may  raino  u  siipcnijr  aiiiiiial  by  the 
cniHuin^  of  an  inferior  with  a  siipi-rior  idoud  ;  but  lin  can  never 
CHtalilinh  that  cross — never  keep  it  statioiniry — never  render  it 
capable  of  reproduction,  prcHcrving  itH  improved  attributes  un- 
altered. 

Thus  from  a  Cleveland  Hay  nuiro,  one  nuiy,  by  theservieo  of 
a  thoron^^dibred  sire,  readily  ])roduce  a  most  valuable  hall-bred 
animal,  for  many  purposes  of  the  field,  the  road,  or  the  farm. 

Naturally,  one  would  Hup))ose,  that  by  takinj^  two  such  Imlf- 
breds  of  opposite  sexes,  the  olfs))rin<^  of  parents  entirely  uncon- 
neeted  liy  birtli,  but  both  pair  holdini^  the  same  relation  of 
blood,  that  is  to  say,  both  the  sires  thorou^hltred  and  both  tho 
daiiiH  ('levelands,  and  breediu}^  them  toj^ether,  lie  would  obtain 
an  oflspriiifjj  similar  to  tlie  immediate  i)arents ;  of  which  it  ne- 
cessarily possesses  the  identical  blood,  in  the  identical  j>ropor- 
tions — viz.  one  half  tliorou<;;h,  one  half  Cleveland  Hay,  blood ; 
thou<j;h  in  four,  instead  of  two  crosses. 

No  such  thinjj^,  however,  is  the  case  ;  as  is  well  known  to 
every  breeder  in  the  north  of  Kn^land,  if  not  elsewhere. 

No  man,  putting  his  half-bred  mare  to  a  half-bred,  or  even 
two-thirds-bred,  stallion,  would  expect  to  liavo  a  colt  equal  to 
either  of  tlu  parents ;  or  even,  in  case  of  the  siro  having  two 
or  more  crosses  of  jjurc  blood,  equal  to  the  progeny  of  a  ccm- 
nion  nuirc  with  a  thoroughbred  horse. 

Nor  would  any  man  dream  of  buying  an  a'limul  so  bred, 
with  a  view  to  hunting  nim  ;  knowing  right  well,  that  before  he 
had  gone  fifteen  minutes  at  the  best  pace  of  hounds,  his  tail 
would  be  shaking  ;  and  that,  before  half  an  hour,  he  would 
stand  still.  Yet  tho  same  man  would  not  hesitate  to  ride  a' 
half-bred,  by  a  thoroughbred. 

Why  these  things  should  be,  we  do  not  know.  It  is  one  of 
the  myt^^eries  of  nature,  which  we  cannot  fathom,  and  of  which 
we  must  rv.st  content  to  know,  that  they  are,  and  will  continue 
to  be,  in  despite  of  all  man's  weak  attempts,  whether  intentional 
or  casual,  to  interrupt  the  course  of  nature. 

Even  in  our  own  race,  it  is  an  assured  fact,  that  the  oft- 


Skj^AU^BBPajtlM"'* 


nYuiunfl. 


8ft 


Bprinp  of  tho  wliito  nnd  tlio  negro  cannot  continue,  nbovo  a  gen- 
omtion  or  two,  or  at  numt  three,  to  internmrry,  like  to  like,  nnd 
reorodiice  itnelf,  witliont  recurring  to  one  of  the  origiiuil  stocks, 
from  wiiich  to  (K>rive  vitality  and  vigor. 

Hy  coutinwiil  interc(iniu'cti<»n  with  the  white,  it  rises  nearer 
niul  nearer  to  the  higlier  typo ;  l>y  recurrence  to  the  hhick,  it 
relapses  into  that,  from  which  it  was  tenii)orarily  lifted  by  tho 
lirnt  hybridization. 

So  it  is  with  horses,  to  the  letter.  Tf  the  half-bred  filly  be 
united  to  n  thoroughbred,  nnd  her  female  progeny  bo  so  con- 
nected ad  injinitiim,  after  a  few  generations,  altliongh  the  drop 
of  base  blood  must  still  be  there,  until  the  end  of  time,  the 
progeny  will  be  but  a  little  removed  in  quality,  and  entirely 
undistinguishable  in  outward  appearance,  from  tho  pure- 
blooded  animal. 

If,  on  tho  contrary,  the  half-bred  filly  be  bred  back  to  tho 
Cleveland  Jiay,  or  cart-liorse,  even  more  rapidly  than  in  tho 
other  case,  will  the  process  of  assimilation,  or,  in  this  instance, 
of  re-assimilation  advance.  Before  the  third  or,  at  farthest,  tho 
fourth  cross,  the  outward  characteristics  of  the  pure  blood  will 
have  wholly  disappeared;  and,  although,  as  in  the  o*ber  in- 
stance, the  drop  of  n(d)le  blood  must  continue  there  ad  infini- 
tum.) its  effects  will  be  to  all  intents  and  purposes  lost,  and 
the  animal  will  be,  in  spirit  and  endurance,  as  in  show,  little  su- 
perior, if  at  all,  to  the  baser  of  its  original  i)rogenitor8. 

That  the  same  process  should  occur,  where  halfbreds  are 
inter-bred  with  half-breds,  generation  after  generation,  is  inex- 
plicable; but  it  is  certain.  "Why  tho  pure  blood,  whicli,  where 
it  exists  unmixed,  seems  to  be  indestructible,  sliould  be  incapa- 
ble of  a  prolonged  existence  when  mixed,  and  must,  slowly,  but 
certainly,  die  out,  no  man  can  say,  or  conjecture.  But  that  it 
is  so,  is  shown,  beyond  a  peradvonture,  by  the  experience  of 
centuries  in  the  system  of  breeding,  and  is  confirmed  by  tho 
opinion  of  all  distiiiguished  physiologists. 

Like  democratic  conquests,  it  can  only  bo  preserved  by  far- 
ther conquests.  Acquisition  must  be  added  to  acquisition,  or 
the  first  gain  must  become  a  los;-. 

To  this  consideration  I  shall  have  occasion  ere  long  to  re- 
vert, when  dealing  with  the  pretensions  of  what  assumes  to  be  a 


i 


.  'IW 


86 


THE  HORSE. 


peculiar  and  distinct  family  of  the  American  horse,  and  again 
when  treating  of  the  theory  and  system  of  breeding  in  general. 

Now,  briefly,  to  revert  to  the  subject  matter  whence  I  have 
recently  been  led  devious,  I  would  remark  that  the  attempt 
to  reproduce  the  Scottish  Galloway,  of  which  I  have  spoken  as 
a  failure,  was  simply  the  stinting  clever,  active,  pony-mares  of 
twelve  and  a  half  or  thirteen  hands  in  lieight,  purposely  select- 
ed for  their  shape,  legs,  feet,  general  soundness  and  hardihood, 
and  easy  action,  to  thoroughbred  stallions  of  the  best  blood, 
chosen  with  as  much  care  as  the  dams,  low  in  stature,  but  bony 
and  close-ribbed  up,  with  the  line  heads  and  necks,  the  sloping 
shoulders  and  thin  withers  of  the  oriental  type. 

From  this  union  was  produced  a  stock  of  extremely  neat, 
liighly  bred  and  finely  formed  animals,  with  pretty  action  and  a 
fair  turn  of  s])eed.  These  are  the  animals  which  are  used  as 
boys'  hunters,  up  to  the  time  when  the  aspiring  Etonian  or 
Harrowite  is  supposed  to  be  arrived  at  the  supreme  height  of 
his  ambition,  the  capacity  to  manage  a  hoi*se. 

I  have  myself  ridden,  in  my  younger  days,  two  and  three- 
part  bred  Galloways,  from  an  original  pony  stock,  which,  with 
a  boy's  seven  or  eight  stone  upon  their  backs,  were  quite  able 
to  hold  their  own  and  live,  not  perhaps  quite  in  the  first  flight, 
but  in  a  very  fair  place,  among  hard-riding  and  well-mounted 
men,  through  a  racing  run  with  fox-hounds,  and  win  a  brush 
for  their  rider  at  the  end. 

On  these  same  Galloways  the  young  ladies  of  the  family 
learn  to  ride,  while  the  masculines  of  the  rising  generation  are 
construiwg  Homer,  cricketing,  or  sculling  wherries  on  the 
Thames ;  and  ultimately,  as  the  boys,  promoted  into  men,  as- 
cend the  backs  of  veritable  horses,  the  girls  obtain  possession  of 
the  little  favorites,  transmitting  them  each  to  the  next  younger, 
as  they,  too,  mount  up  to  the  thoroughbred  park-hack,  with  its 
darling  bangtail,  and  become,  ex.  oifi,Gio,  young  ladies. 

Tlie  larger  and  heavier  of  these  become  covert  hacks  and 
roadstere  for  non-hunting,  elderly  gentlemen,  clergymen  and 
country  doctors;  tbej'  are  usually  sure-footed — a  quality  which 
they  inherit  from  the  pony  mother,  probably  of  Scottish  or  Cam- 
brian mountain  descent, — have  good,  round  action,  and  a  reason- 
able turn  of  speed. 


fie 


WELL-BRED   PONIES, 


37 


If  tliey  increase  to  full  fourteen  and  from  thence  np  to  fif- 
teen hands,  powerfully  built,  with  short  backs,  round  barrels, 
deep,  clean  logs,  coupled  with  lofty  crest  and  carriage,  fine 
heads,  the  ability  to  carry  fourteen  stone,  or  upward,  at  their 
ease,  to  trot  fourteen,  or  gallop  eighteen,  miles  in  the  hour, 
having  two,  or  more,  authenticated  crosses  of  pure  blood,  they 
are  called  cobs  of  the  first  class,  command  immense  prices,  often 
above  a  hundred  guineas,  and  are  intrinsically,  apart  from  the 
consideration  of  mor'^y  price,  extremely  valuable  quadrupeds, 
and  much  sought  after,  by  men  who  ride  heavy,  and  who  ride 
much,  on  the  road. 

Still,  they  are  not  Scottish  Galloways,  nor  any  thing  resem- 
bling them — if  oidy  in  the  one  point  that  the  Scottish  Galloway 
could  and  did,  and  that  the  artificial  Galloway  cannot  and  does 
not,  transmit  either  its  form  or  its  qualities  by  hereditary  de- 
scent. 

Of  the  other  English  or  British  breeds,  it  is  needless  to  speak 
at  large ;  as  most  of  them  are  known  and  imported,  though  rare- 
ly, if  ever,  bred  in  this  country  ;  and  the  others,  which  are  not 
known,  have  no  interest  attaching  to  them,  as  having  no  espe- 
cial utility  or  adaptation  for  any  purposes  here. 

The  former  are  the  little  Shetlander ;  rarely  exceeding 
twelve  hands  in  height,  and  often  much  smaller ;  which,  for 
such  an  atom  of  horseflesh,  has  greater  weight-carrying  power, 
greater  comparative  speed,  and  greater  endurance  than  any  ani- 
mal in  the  known  world ;  and  the  larger  and  less  finely  formed 
Highland  pony,  which,  while  acknowledged  inferior  to  the 
genuine  Sheltie,  still  possesses  many  of  its  qualities,  especially 
its  hardihood,  sure-footedness,  power  to  carry  weight,  and  gal- 
lant endurance.  In  neatness  of  form  and  limb,  it  is  inferior,  as 
much  as  it  is  superior  in  size,  to  the  Shetlander ;  yet  the  smaller 
of  the  Highland  ponies  are  frequently  passed  off'  on  those,  who 
are  not  firet-rate  judges,  as  their  tiny  northern  couoins. 

Tlieir  great  good-temper,  docility,  and  sureness  of  foot,  ren- 
der them  the  best  of  all  animals  on  which  to  put  young  chil- 
dren, and  they  are  commonly  used  for  that  purpose  in  Amer- 
ica ;  the  ass,  which  is  decidedly  better  than  the  pony  for  giving 
a  firm  seat  and  controlling  hand,  inasmuch  as  it  is  far  more  dif- 
ficult to  sit,  and  as  it  requires  both  a  will  and  a   way  to 


88 


THE  nOBSE. 


compel  it  against  its  own  will,  being  hardly  known  at  all,  and 
never  used  for  such  purposes  in  the  United  States. 

In  England,  it  is  invariably  the  first  stej),  and  it  is  curious 
to  see  what  power  it  gives  to  the  young  rider,  wlio,  having 
learned  his  rudiments  on  the  obstinate  but  long-enduring  grizzel, 
finds  himself  impregnably  seated  on  a  liigh-spiritcd  pony,  which 
an  inex])erienced  spectator  would  imagine  infinitely  the  more 
difficult  to  ride,  and  able  to  defy  all  its  cabrioles  or  soubresaults 
to  unseat  him. 

A  boy  who  can  sit  an  ass,  so  that  he  cannot  be  kicked  over 
its  head,  can  sit  any  thing,  and  is  in  a  fair  way  to  make  a  first- 
rate  horseman.  Ilence  its  extreme  fitness  for  teaching  cliil- 
dren  ;  its  form  rendering  it  very  difficult  to  sit,  its  temper  very 
difficult  to  control,  while,  at  the  same  time,  its  stolid  and  lazy 
habits  avert  all  danger  of  its  doing  more  than  depositing  its 
young  rider  gently  in  the  dirt,  and  then  falling  to  graze  on  the 
nearest  dock  leaf  or  Canada  thistle.  It  never  shies,  never 
plunges,  and,  above  all,  never  runs  away.  It  is,  perhaps,  at 
once  the  least  dangerous  and  most  difficult  animal  to  ride  in 
the  whole  range  of  the  quadruped  creation. 

I  well  remember  tlie  fun  of  a  scene,  which  occurred  at  some 
rural  merry-makings  in  the  park  of  a  gentleman  in  whose  neigh- 
borhood I  was  brouglit  up  ;  when  donkey  races  being  a  part  of 
the  programme,  half  a  dozen  young  men,  all  of  them  first-rate 
performers  across  country,  and  able  to  handle  the  wildest  thor- 
oughbred, relying  on  the  fact,  that  they  had  all  once  been 
donkey -riders  themselves,  undertook  to  act  as  jocks  on  the  occa- 
sion, to  the  racing  neddies. 

It  was  all  very  well  at  first,  but  when  the  tug  arrived,  and 
the  spur  was  exhibited  at  tlie  run-in,  up  went  the  heels  and 
down  went  the  heads  of  all  the  neddies  simultaneously,  and  away 
■went  the  gallant  jocks,  yards  over  the  long  ears  of  their  inon- 
tures,  who  at  once  betook  themselves  to  munching  the  green- 
sward, much  to  the  amusement  of  the  lady  spectators,  and  to 
the  delight  of  the  ten  and  twelve  year-old  urchins — legitimate 
owners  of  the  neddies,  and  younger  brothers,  or  cousins,  of  the 
discomfited  Meltoniau  jocks — who  shortly  after,  legitimately 
jjerclied  on  the  croups  of  the  animals,  delivered  a  sweepstakes, 
which  came  oft'  with  great  eclat,  among  universal  cudgelling 


|^ggp!*»rw^ 


THE  IRISH  HUNTER. 


39 


and  spurring,  none  of  the  riders  caring  an  iota  more  for  the  nod- 
dy's kicking  up,  than  neddy  cared  for  his  rider's  spurring,  or 
losing  so  much  as  a  stirrup  in  the  race. 

Before  passing  to  the  next  branch  of  my  subject,  I  suppose 
I  should  say  a  word  as  to  the  Irish  hunter,  as  he  is,  in  some  sort, 
a  distinct  animal ;  not  as  producing  himself  from  original  pa- 
rents, but  as  originating  from  a  cross  of  the  thoroughbred  with 
the  native  Irish  horse,  and  as  possessing  a  peculiar  way  of  going, 
which,  at  first,  I  presume,  acquired  in  conformity  with  the  re- 
quirements of  the  country  he  is  called  upon  to  cross,  has  be- 
come characteristic,  and  now  appears  to  be  native  to  the  breed, 
as  it  seems  to  be  "  to  the  manner  born." 

Tlie  Irish  hunter  is  in  general  a  less  highly-bred  horse  than 
his  English  competitor ;  not  often,  I  should  say,  having  more 
than  two  crosses  of  pure  blood,  and  is  not  unfrequently  some- 
what ragged  in  his  shapes. 

He  has,  almost  always,  a  good  forehand  and  crest,  not  a 
particularly  blood-shaped  head,  but  bony  and  well  set  on.  Ho 
is  so  often  goose-rumped  as  to  render  that  point,  in  some  degree, 
one  of  his  characteristic  marks  ;  and,  in  the  old  day,  if  he  had 
oeen  long  in  his  own  country,  he  was  too  often  nicked,  so  as  to 
:nake  h  m  carry  his  dock  curled  over  his  rump,  greatly  to  the 
detriment  of  his  appearaii  o,  and  tending  to  make  him  look 
even  less  blood-like  than  he  leally  is. 

His  legs  and  feet  are  almost  invariably  good ;  he  is  apt,  I 
think,  to  be  a  little  short  and  straight  on  his  pasterns,  but  is 
sound  and  suve-footed.  He  is  quick,  rather  than  fast  j  nimble, 
rather  than  swift;  a  clever  jumper,  rather  than  a  slashing 
fencer. 

He  goes,  owing  to  the  nature  of  his  country,  wherein  there 
is  little,  comparatively  speaking,  of  good  galloping  ground,  the 
soil  being  for  the  most  part  either  deep  and  soft,  or  broken, 
rugged  and  stony,  far  more  within  himself  and  upon  his  haunches, 
and  far  less  extended,  than  an  English  hunter.  For  wall-leap- 
ing, where  there  are  no  ditches,  he  is  unrivalled,  though  very 
uneasy  and  difficult  to  sit ;  taking  nothing  in  his  fly,  but  stop- 
ping short  with  his  forefeet  almost  in  contact  with  the  obstacle, 
and  then  bucking  over  it  with  all  his  legs  together,  and  alight- 
ing not  unusually  on  his  hind  feet — a  practice,  which,  however 


40 


THE  nORSE. 


unpleasant  to  sit,  and  difficult  to  iinaccnstomed  riders,  nnqnes* 
tionably  spares  the  back  sinews  of  the  forelegs  many  a  severe 
jar. 

lie  is  particularly  adapted  to  the  broken,  rudely  tilled,  and 
rugged  country,  in  which  ho  is  used  ;  where  stone  walls  are  the 
most  ordinary  fences,  and  next  to  them  double  ditches,  with  a 
turf  bank  or  dyke  between  them.  These  latter  he  has  a  partic- 
idarly  clever  trick  of  spurning  with  his  hind  hoofs,  as  lie  tops 
them,  so  as  to  gain  a  purchase  whence  to  make  a  second  spring, 
thereby  clearing  the  second  drain — the  whole  fence  being  usu- 
ally too  wide  to  be  cleared  at  a  stride,  while  the  turf  dyke  is  too 
rotten  and  insecure  to  admit  of  its  being  leaped,  on  and  off,  like 
the  somewhat  similar  banks  of  Hertfordshire  and  Essex. 

In  England  he  is  not  a  favorite,  his  mode  of  leaping  causing 
him  to  lose  time  at  his  fences,  when  the  hounds  are  flying  as 
they  do  in  the  grass  countries,  and  also  rendering  him  liable  to 
jump  short,  in  case  of  there  being  a  large  ditch,  as  there  usually 
is,  to  the  stake  and  bound  fences.  He  is,  moreover,  not  gene- 
rally a  good  water-jumper,  which  is  a  fatal  defect  in  countries 
abounding,  as  the  best  English  hunting  counties  do,  in  large 
brooks  and  yawning  drains. 

For  American  hunting,  where  hunting  on  horecback  exists, 
he  is,  of  all  others,  the  very  horse  required  ;  his  immense  pow- 
ers, as  a  jumper  of  height,  enabling  him  to  hop  over  the  stiifest 
six-bar  Virginia  rail-fences,  as  if  they  were  nothing ;  while  the 
woodland  and  otherwise  encumbered  character  of  the  country 
would  render  his  vant  of  speed  of  comparatively  small  accoimt. 

I  know  not  Low,  or  wl  y,  it  should  be  so ;  for  I  have  no  know- 
ledge that  Irish  horses  have  ever  been  imported  into  this  coun- 
try in  sufficient  numbers  to  have  any  effect  on  the  character  of 
tlie  American  horse ;  but  the  resemblance  of  the  two  families 
struck  me,  on  my  first  arrival  in  the  United  States,  nor  can  I 
yet  divest  myself  of  the  idea. 

The  American  Stud  Book,  from  the  earliest  times,  records 
but  three  or  four  importations  of  Irish  race-horses  ;  I  myself  re- 
member biit  one,  Harkforward,*  the  brother  of  Harkaway,  by 
Economist,  out  of  Fanny  Dawson,  by  Nabocklish,  inij)orted  by 
tlie  late  Judge  Porter  into  Louisiana;  and  he  died,  almost  im- 
mediately after  his  arrival,  of  the  bite  of  a  rattlesnake. 

*  See  Note  6,  p.  56. 


TUB  COVEK-SIDE. 


il 


ip3 


Had  there,  however,  been  many  thoronghbred  stallions  cov- 
ering here,  it  could  not  account  for  the  similarity  ;  since  the  pe- 
culiar points  of  the  Irish  hunter,  in  which  the  similarity  resides, 
are  not  those  of  his  thoroughbred  sire,  but  of  his  Irish  dam. 

It  does  not  seem  likely  that  Irish  hunting  mares  should,  at 
any  period,  or  in  any  part  of  the  United  States,  ever  have  been 
largely  imported,  as  there  has  not,  at  arty  time,  been  a  demand 
for  such  animals ;  and  it  is  next  to  a  certainty,  that  common 
Irish  farm  horses  never  have  been  brought  hither,  ad  they  are — 
those  of  the  native  and  indigenous  type,  I  mean,  unimproved  by 
mixture  with  the  Cleveland  bays,  the  Punches,  or  the  Lincoln- 
shire blacks — as  wretched  a  race  of  raw-boned,  straight-shoul- 
dered, ewe-necked  garrons,  as  a  man  had  need  to  behold. 

Still,  the  resemblance  is  so  striking,  that  I  am  certain  the 
first  impression  of  an  American  horseman,  on  seeing  the  gather- 
ing at  an  Irish  coverside,  would  be  that  two-thirds  of  the  field 
were  mounted  on  American  trotting  horses  ;  while,  at  a  similar 
scene  in  England,  he  would  be  half  inclined  to  set  down  the 
liighly-blooded  and  highly-groomed  two  and  three  parts  bred 
cock-tails,  as  gigantic  thoroiighbreds,  until  corrected  by  a  fuller 
estimate  of  their  bone  and  weight. 

And  I  could  instance  scores  of  trotting  horses  here,  such  as 
old  Top-Gallant,  Columbus,  Paul  Pry,  and  in  later  days,  Tacony, 
Lancet,  and  others,  which  have  precisely  the  cut,  to  the  life,  of 
an  Irish  hunter  in  a  very  high  form,  and  which,  I  have  no  doubt 
whatever,  if  tluy  had  been  trained  to  leap  and  gallop,  instead 
of  to  trot,  would  have  won  their  laurels  as  decidedly  on  that 
field,  as  on  this  which  tlioy  now  occupy  with  so  much  distinction. 

I  now  come  to  the  American  application  of  the  facts  collected 
above,  in  regard  to  the  different  races,  or  families,  of  English 
horses,  which  do,  or  did  recently,  exist  in  that  country,  entirely 
pure  and  unmixed  ;  although  it  is  not  usual  to  apply  the  word 
"  pure "  to  any  stock  or  breed  except  that  of  the  thoroughbred 
race-horse. 

It  will,  of  course,  have  been  observed  and  understood,  by 
any  one  who  has  read  attentively  what  has  gone  before,  that 
the  effect  of  the  improvements,  brought  to  pass  in  horses  of 
every  caste,  intended  for  every  purpose,  in  England,  has  been 
to  destroy  and  abolish  distinct  races,  other  than  that  of  the 


48 


THE  IIOKSE. 


thoroughbred  ;  and  tliat  there  is,  probably,  now  in  England  no 
breed  or  fiiniily  whatever,  entirely  without  mixture,  in  some 
greater  or  Icsa  degree — some,  of  course,  infinitesimally  snuiU — 
of  thorough  blood,  unless  it  bo  the  dray-horse  and  the  Scottish 
pony. 

There  is  constantly  going  on  a  prodigious  f|uantity  of  that, 
which  Mr.  Cai'lisle  is  })lea8ed  to  designate  as  inarticulate  howlimj, 
over  the  decline  of  the  good  old  English  hunter,  the  t-xcellcnt 
old  English  roadster,  and,  in  a  word,  of  every  thing  that  is  old 
in  the  way  of  horse-flesh. 

All  this  is,  in  my  opinion,  the  merest  of  stupidity — precisely 
on  a  i)ar  with  the  regret,  expressed  by  some  wiseacres,  for  the 
docline  of  the  good  old  English  squires,  of  the  oays  of  the  first 
Goor^res  —  the  ridere  of  these  id(  ntical  excellent  old  English 
roudstere  and  hunters,  concerning  whoso  loss  ilia  lachi'yinoe. 
These  good  old  English  squires,  be  it  observed,  en  passant,  were 
generally  ignorant,  stolid,  besotted,  and  brutal,  to  a  degree  com- 
parable to  nothing  which  exists  in  any  class,  however  abject,  ot 
the  present  day,  that  is  not  positively  vicious. 

Kising  at  i'our  o'clock  in  the  morning,  in  the  saddle  and  trail- 
ing the  fox  to  his  kennel  before  six,  ti;ey  plodded  along  thr  •  h 
mud  and  fallow,  on  great  hairy-fetlocked  brutes,  as  coarse,  and 
Blow,  and  uneducated  as  themselves,  for  eight  or  ten  mortal 
hours ;  they  adjourned  from  the  saddle  to  the  dining-room ; 
whence,  gorged  with  half-raw  beef  and  venison,  besotted  with 
October  and  punch,  roaring  out  stupid  or  obscene  songs,  through 
an  atmosphere  reeking  vith  tobacco-smoke,  they  were  carried 
ofl[',  by  nine  at  the  latest,  by  their  clownish  servants,  only  less 
drunk  than  their  masters,  to  their  beds,  there  to  snore  off  the 
evening's  debauch  ;  and  thence,  on  the  next  morning,  by  a  repe- 
tition of  the  past  day's  exercise,  to  earn  an  appetite  for  the  next 
evening's  revel. 

And  this  no  casual  occurrence,  no  picture  of  an  accidental 
or  occasional  lapse  of  a  minority,  but  the  daily  habitude,  during 
seven  or  eight  months  of  the  year>  of  nine-tenths  of  the  resident 
rural  ]>r()prietor8  of  this  good  old  England,  from  the  times  of 
Queen  Anne  nearly  to  the  commencement  of  the  present  cen 
tury. 

During  those  dark  and  corrupt  ages,  the  basest  and  most  dia- 


(. 


^iJJW 


OLD  ENOLISII   II0R8KS. 


48 


creditable,  to  my  mind,  of  any  in  tlio  whole  l-.istory  of  England, 
all  tliat  there  was  of  edueatiiMi,  of  ^race,  or  of  retincment,  waa 
crowded  into  the  metropolis,  mixed  even  there  with  inconceiv- 
able coarseness,  inconceivable  corruption  ;  while  the  whole 
gentry,  and,  with  a  few  rare  exceptions,  even  the  elegy  of  tho 
rural  districts,  were  steeped  in  ignorance,  imbrued  witli  brutal 
debauchery,  and  marked  by  a  coarseness  of  manner  and  lan- 
guage— even  in  the  presence  of  their  women — that  has  no 
parallel  at  t^ie  present  day,  in  the  wildest  frontier  taverns  of 
the  farthest  South-west,  in  the  rudest  camp  of  California  or  Aus- 
tralia, in  short,  any  where  among  civilized  men,  unless  it  bo  at 
a  wake  or  a. pattern  in  Galway  or  Tipperary,  if  tho  performer  at 
those  celebrations  can  be  called  civilized. 

In  one  word,  I  believe  that  there  is  exactly  the  same  degree 
of  comparison  between  the  English  or  American  country  gentle- 
men of  the  present  day,  and  the  English  si^uire  of  those  dark 
ages,  that  there  is  between  tho  English  and  American  hunter, 
roadster,  trotter,  carriage-horse,  and  cart-horse,  of  the  latter  half 
of  the  nineteenth  century,  and  the  corresponding  animal  of  tho 
first  half  of  the  eighteenth  ;  and  that  there  is  just  as  much  sense 
in  howling  over  the  decline  of  uic  horses  of  that  age,  O'*  pretend- 
ing to  desire  their  reproduction,  as  there  would  be  in  aft'ecting 
to  desire  to  introduce  the  Squire  Westerns,  tho  Bumper  Squire 
Joneses,  and  the  parson  TruUibers  of  1757,  in  place  of  the  edu- 
cated and  accomplished  gentlemen  of  1857,  on  both  sides  of  ttio 
Atlantic. 

Furthermore,  I  believe,  that  very  much  of  the  absurdly 
exaggerated  estimate  which  tradition  has  set  on  the  mythical 
performances  of  the  horses  of  the  olden  time,  on  the  racing  turf, 
such  as  Childers,  Eclipse,  and  many  othere  of  the  same  period — 
an  estimate  which  still  miraculously  befogs  tho  judgment  even 
of  men  capable  of  judgment,  long  after  it  has  been  proved  to  bo 
founded  on  nothing — ^Iias  its  origin,  in  a  great  measure,  from  the 
incalculable  superiority  of  thoroughbrpd  horses,  even  of  ordinary 
excellence,  to  the  coarse-bred  road-hacks  and  scarcely  superior 
hunters  of  that  day. 

To  men,  accustomed  to  ride  Cleveland  Bays,  with  no  cross 
of  thorough  blood,  in  their  unmixed  state,  as  the  host  style 
of  huntei"8,  and  to  trot  along  the  road  on  animals  which  no 


u 


TUE  HORSE. 


(J 


teamster  wonld  now  put  into  his  cart-sliafts,  the  pace  of  even  a 
very  slow  ruce-liorsc  would  naturally  seem  so  enormous,  that 
one  easily  ceases  to  wonder  at  the  spectators  believinj^  that 
FIyiii<?  (Jhilders  ran  his  mile  in  a  minute — the  rather,  that  there 
were  no  means  then  in  existence  by  which  speed  of  that  kind 
could  be  tested  ;  and  that  a  mile  in  a  minute  was  a  purely  ideal 
rate,  which  could  be  compared  to  nothing,  and  reduced  to  no 
standard  ;  since  there  existed  nothing  on  earth  capable  of  being 
tried,  or,  known  to  men,  which  had  ever  gone,  or  was  capable 
of  going  at  that  sjieed,  unless  it  were  a  bird  in  the  air,  or  a  fish 
in  the  sea. 

How  any  sane  man  can  persist  in  inquiring  whether  this  or 
that  horse  ever  ran  a  mile  in  a  minute — as  we  see  by  the  queries 
in  sporting  newspapera,  that  fifty,  at  the  least,  are  inquiring 
every  year — when  ne  has  surely  seen  a  railroad  engine  going  at 
Bomething  far  under  that  rate,  yet  far  above  the  powers  of  any 
horse  to  rival  it,  one  would  find  ditficulty  in  comprehending ; 
if  it  were  not  evident  that  the  credence  which  men  give  to 
things,  nowadays,  is  in  the  inverse  ratio  to  their  intrinsic 
credibility  ;  and  that,  in  a  word,  if  any  thing  be  disbelieved,  at 
present,  it  is  not  because  it  is  absurdly  incredible,  but  because 
it  is  not  sufiiciently  absurd  or  incredible  to  command  credence. 

Be  this  as  it  may,  there  is  no  evidence,  or  shadow  of  evi- 
dence, that  the  early  English  race-horse  was  superior,  in  any 
point  of  speed,  endurance,  or  capacity  of  labor,. to  the  American 
or  English  horse  of  to-day. 

If  there  are,  now,  more  rarely  wonders  that  outdo  all  con- 
temporaries, it  is  that  the  general  standard  of  excellence  is  so 
much  higher,  that  to  surpass  it  extraordinarily  is  infinitely  more 
difficult. 

In  every  other  class  of  horse,  except  the  thoroughbred — the 
Inmter,  the  roadster,  the  trotter,  the  carriage-horse,  the  trooper, 
even  the  team-horee — the  improvement  is  not  smaller,  in  the  last 
century,  than  that  in  machinery,  and  scientific  applications, 
during  the  same  lapse  of  time. 

Nor  is  it  altogether  true,  that  any  class  or  type  of  animal 
has  wholly  disappeared  or  become  extinct  in  England ;  or,  for 
that  matter,  in  America,  either,  so  far  as  it  ever  had  any  exist- 
ence on  that  continent,  unless  it  be  tlie  very  coarsest  type  of 


t 


GENERAL   IMrROVEMF:NT.  W 

CJirt-horso,  or  some  fancy  family  of  no  gojieral  npY»Hcntion  or 
utility,  such  m  the  Naragansett  pacer,  or  tho  ScottiHli  Galloway. 
What  has  occurred  is  this — all  the  types  of  aninialt>,  even  with 
all  the  improvements  which  have  been  made  in  them,  have 
fallen  down  three  or  four  stages ;  and  if  the  much  bemoaned 
good  old  English  squires  conld  arise  from  their  lowly  beds 

"  At  brcozy  c«U  of  incen»o-brcathliig  iiiorn," 

and  resuscitate  with  them  Towler  and  Jowler,  and  all  their  deep- 
mouthed,  crook-kneed  packs,  with  which  to  badger  a  fox  to 
death  in  a  run  of  eight  mortal  hours,  they  would  find  infinitely 
superior  hunters  to  any  they  had  ever  backed  during  their  lives, 
going  indeed  not  as  hunters,  but  drawing  the  slowest  second- 
class  gentlemen's  carriages  in  the  cauntry,  and  the  very  best 
beasts  of  their  own  precise  class,  in  tho  better  style  of  vans  and 
omnibuses,  in  the  towns  and  cities. 

There  are  hundreds  of  horses  to-day  in  New  York  carmen's 
trucks,  superior  in  blood,  form,  and  powers  of  every  kind,  to  tho 
best  hunter  that  went  in  England  in  the  reign  of  the  first  or 
second  George ;  and  the  best  road-hackneys  of  tho  same  date 
were  not  comparable  to  the  smaller  and  lighter  cart-hoi-ses  of 
the  present  day,  such  as  go  in  the  baker's  or  the  butcher's  wag- 
on. So  much  for  the  croaking  of  tho  praisere  of  the  age  that 
has  just  departed ! 

In  all  branches  of  equestrianism,  speed  has  been  for  years 
the  end  aimed  at,  in  connection  with  tho  ability  to  carry  weight 
and  to  endure  continued  exertion.  Mere  weight  and  the  ability 
of  dragging  enormous  loads  at  a  foot's  pace,  have  ceased  to  bo 
qualities  desired  or  desirable,  in  tho  horse ;  while  quickness  is, 
and  ever  will  continue,  so  long  as  time  shall  have  its  value,  the 
valuable  consideration. 

Whether  the  present  modes  of  racing,  either  in  this  countiy 
or  in  England,  are  the  best  devised  to  preserve  the  breed  of 
race-horses  at  their  utmost  perfection,  is  another  question,  and 
is  open  to  much  doubt — doubt  fully  as  great  on  this,  as  on  the 
other  side  of  the  water — the  absurdly  light  weights  adopted  in 
America,  being  in  my  opinion  fully  as  detrimental,  in  encouraging 
the  maintenance  of  a  wrong  typo  of  thoroughbred,  as  are  the 
short  distances  now  run  in  England. 


46 


THE    nOR8B. 


For  my  part,  I  coiiM  wish  to  rpo  four-mile  races  introduced 
in  Eti^lan<l,  lIionii;li  witlmut  the  reintroduction  of  heaty,  which  I 
cannot  regard  but  as  an  unnecessary  and  over  severe  strain  on 
tlie  faculties  of  the  aninuils,  and  tiio  return  to  nine  and  ten 
Btono  weij;hts,  or  \2C>  lbs.  and  14011)9.,  on  the  back  of  five  and 
eix-year-old  liovseH. 

Whatever  may  be  the  effect  of  the  present  system  in  Kn<i;- 
land,  as  tt)  throwinff  the  weijjht-carrylii";^  tlioroughbreds,  capa- 
ble of  runniiif^  four-mile  heats,  out  of  the  turf  aiul  into  the 
liuntinj^  stables,  I  am  not  prepared  to  say ;  but  certain  I  am, 
that  the  system  has  not  been  in  effect  absolutely  to  abolish  the 
type  of  liorso  capable  of  that  work :  far  more  certain  than  I  am 
that  the  system  of  breeding  to  carry  extremely  light  weights, 
boy's  weight  in  fact,  in  the  United  States,  has  not  been  to  pre- 
vent the  creation  of  a  type  or  race  of  thoroughbreds,  capable  of 
carrying  heavy  men  in  the  field  or  in  the  road,  with  as  much 
distinction  as  they  have  won  by  their  sj)eed  and  undeniable 
power  of  staying  a  distance  on  the  turf. 

On  the  trotting  course,  as  on  the  racing  turf,  the  tendency  of 
tlie  age  has  been,  and  still  continues  to  be,  toward  speed — but 
in  our  trotting,  as  in  English  fox-hunting,  neither  the  power  to 
carry  weight  nor  the  endurance  to  continue  at  work,  is  neglect- 
ed. Nor  is  there  the  slightest  appearance  of  growing  degeneracy 
in  either  quality. 

On  the  contrary,  with  the  increase  of  blood  and  of  speed, 
the  power  of  endurance  has  advanced,  both  in  the  hunter  and 
the  trotter ;  nor  in  either  has  the  ability  to  carry  weight  dimin- 
ished. Of  course  the  union  of  the  three  qualities  in  the  latter 
animals  commands  the  largest  price ;  whereas  in  the  racer,  so  far 
as  he  is  viewed  as  a  racer  only,  and  not  as  a  progenitor,  speed 
and  endurance  for  a  distance  alone  are  regarded.  Even  in 
these,  however,  and  even  under  the  present  system,  the  ability 
to  carry  weight  must  needs  enhance,  and  does  enhance,  their 
value  for  the  stud,  as  increasing  the  probability  of  their  proving 
the  sires  of  the  most  serviceable  and  costly  half-breds. 

In  every  other  department  and  style  of  horee-breeding,  I  am 
convinced  that  the  introduction  of  pure  blood  into  all  the  old 
strains  has  done  incalculable  good,  and  that  every  stamp  of 
animal  through  the  country,  has  advanced  upon  the  similar 


THE  NORMAN   nOBflH. 


47 


animals  of  tlio  last  centurj',  almost  as  fur  as  pnro  sclnncp  or 
moc'hiiniHia  Iihh  advanced. 

And  I  elK.uld  m  man  think  of  regretting  tlie  progress  ot 
ineclianiBin,  <.f  navul  architecture,  of  gunnery,  of  tho  arts,  or 
of  pure  science,  as  I  should  of  deploring  tho  dying  out  ot  the 
obsoleto  races  of  cart-horses,  of  old  Knglinh  roadnters,  and  ot 
those  equine  elei)hants  who  wore  as  nuiny  bushels  of  hair  at 
their  heels  as  they  coidd  uiovo  tons  of  coal  or  pig-iron  at  a  dead 
pull,  and  were,  at  the  same  time,  incapable  of  going  three  miles 
ill  an  hour,  with  a  feather  on  their  backs  or  behind  them,  to 
save  their  nwn  or  their  owners'  lives. 

,  In  the  United  States  and  British  America,  again,  we  shall 
tind  that  this  ])rocc88  of  absorption  or  abolition  of  all  the  old 
special  breeds,  and  of  the  amalgamation  of  all  into  one  general 
race,  which  nuiy  fairly  be  termed  specially  "  American,"  pos- 
sessing a  very  large  admixture  of  thoroughblood,  liiia  gone  on 
far  more  rapidly  than  in  England— the  rather  that,  with  theono 
solitary  exception  of  tho  Norman  horse  in  Canada,  no  special 
breeds  have  ever  taken  root  as  such,  or  been  bred,  or  even 
attempted  to  be  bred,  in  their  purity,  in  any  part  of  America. 

In  Canada  East,  the  Norman  horse,  imported  by  the  early 
settlers,  was  bred  for  many  generations  entirely  unmixed  ;  and, 
a»  the  general  agricultural  horse  of  that  province,  exists  so  yet, 
stunted  somewhat  in  size,  by  the  cold  climate  and  the  rough 
usage  to  which  he  has  been  sulvjectr  i  for  centuries,  but  ni  no- 
wise degenerated,  for  ho  possesses  all  the  honesty,  courage,  en- 
durance, hardihood,  soundness  of  constitution,  and  characteristic 
excellence  of  feet  and  legs  of  his  progenitor. 

Throughout  both  the  provinces  he  may  be  regarder.  as  the 
basis  of  the  general  horse,  improved  as  a  working  animal  by 
crosses  of  English  half-bred  sires ;  and  as  a  roadster,  carriage- 
horse,  or  higher  class  riding  or  driving  horse,  by  an  infusion  of 
English  thorough  blood. 

All  these  latter  types  are  admirable  animals,  and  it  is  from 
the  latter  admixture  that  have  sprung  many  of  the  most  cele- 
brated trotting  horses,  which,  originally  of  Canadian  descent, 
have  found  their  way  into  the  New  England  States  and  New 
York,  and  there  won  their  laurels  as  American  trotters. 

Still  it  is  not  to  be  denied  that  there  are,  in  different  sections 


W  TltR   HORSE. 

oftlu)  Ifiuted  Sttttoa,  difforcnt  lociU  hrcods  of  lior«o«,  apparently 
])0('uliiii-,  and  now  hocoiiu!  nearly  indigunouH  to  thoHu  Irx'ulitioH, 
and  that  tliow  hrot'ilH  ditfor  not  a  little,  uhwuU  in  qualitieH  uh  in 
form  and  ^^cncral  apiicarancc. 

A  j^dod  jnd^'c  of  liors»!  H«'hli,  for  iii«tani!i',  will  iind  little 
ditliciilty  inKcU-ctin^rthodraiiglit-liorKo  ot'lSoKton,  that  iMtoHay,ot' 
MaswaclniHi'tfH  an<l  Vorinont,  from  tliorto  of  New  York  nnd  New 
Jerney,  or  any  of  the  three  from  the  larj^e  IVruiHylvania  team- 
horriew,  or  from  the  j^encral  ntock  i>f  the  WeHtern  Statew. 

The  Vermont  dranght-lmrHe  and  the  j^reat  I'ennsylvanir. 
horse,  known  as  the  Conewtoga  horwe,  appear  to  mo  in  some  con- 
siderahledej^rec!  to  merit  the  title  of  distinct  familieH,  iiiaHinnch  art 
they  seem  to  reproduce  theniKelves  eontinmUly,  and  to  havedono 
80 from  a  remote  period,  ct)mparatively  speaking,  within  certain 
regions  of  country,  which  have  for  nuuiy  years  been  fnrniniiiiig 
them  in  considerahle  numbers  to  those  markets,  for  which  their 
qualities  render  them  the  most  desirable. 

I  had  hoped,  on  commencing  this  work,  to  be  able  to  obtain 
authentic  and  satisfactory  accounts  of  these  various  fairnlies,  and 
t.o  have  aj)proxinuitely  at  least,  fixed  their  origin  and  derivation. 
"With  a  view  t  )  this  end,  I  addressed  circulars  to  the  oflicers  of 
the  agricultural  societies  of  all  the  principal  breeding  States  of 
the  Union,  to  whom  I  take  this  oi)portunity  of  recording  my 
obligations  for  the  aid  which  they  have  rendered  mo  in  my  un- 
dertaking; but  I  regret  to  say,  that  the  result  has  generally  been 
disappointment;  for,  with  scarcely  an  exception,  these  most 
useful  societies  being  but  of  recent  origin,  and  having  turned 
their  attention  rather  to  improving  the  present  and  providing 
for  the  future,  than  to  preserving  records  of  the  past,  have  in 
their  possession  no  documentary  evidence  whatever,  as  to  the 
sources  whence  their  peculiar  stocks  have  derived  their  origin 
and  excellences.  All,  therefore,  that  can  now  be  done,  is  to 
describe  the  characteristic  points  of  the  breeds  in  question,  and 
by  comparison  with  existing  foreign  races,  and  by  the  collation 
of  such  scanty  notices  of  importations  as  can  be  gleaned  from 
l)eriodicals,  to  approach,  conjectnrally,  the  blood  from  which 
they  are  derived,  and  also  the  manner  in  which  they  have  been 
orig'nated,  where  they  are  now  found. 


•"^ 

^v^ 

■■■ 

► 

— 

-' 

-^ 

t 

1 
i 

i 

Si 

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1 

• 

• 
1 

1 

M 

fl.K:i:r,MnDrl. 

HISTORY 

OF    THE    VERMONT    DRAUGHT- HORSE. 


/j 


In  the  first  place,  of  the  Vermont  dranght-horse,  I  have  been 
able,  from  his  own  locality,  to  obtain  no  information  whatever  ; 
all  the  horse  interest  and  ambition  of  that  State,  and  indeed 
of  the  Eastern  States  generally,  appearing  somewhat  strangely 
and  injudiciously,  I  must  say,  it  seems  to  me,  to  centre  in  what 
they  are  pleased  to  call  the  Morgan  yawit^y. 

The  above  cut  is  a  portrait  from  life  of  a  fine  gray  draught 
horse,  in  the  possession  of  Adams's  Express  Co. ;  height,  16 
hands  ;  weight,  1160  lbs. 

Incomparably,  however,  the  best  light  team-horse,  or  ex- 
tremely heavy  carriage-horse,  and  another  yet  lighter  horse  of 
somewhat  the  same  type,  are  raised  in  Vermont,  and  in  Vermont 
alone,  in  perfection. 
Vol.  II.— 4. 


50 


THE  HORSE. 


No  persons  familiar  with  the  streets  of  New  York  can  fail  to 
liave  noticed  the  magnificent  animals,  for  the  moat  part  dark 
bays,  with  black  legs,  manes  and  tails,  but  a  few  browns,  and 
now  and  then,  but  rarely,  a  deep  rich  glossy  chestnut,  which 
draw  the  heavy  wagons  of  the  express  companies;  and  I  would 
more  especially  designate  those  of  Adams  &  Company. 

They  are  the  very  model  of  what  draught-horses  should  be  ; 
combining  immense  power  with  great  quickness,  a  very  respect- 
able turn  of  speed,  fine  show  and  good  action. 

These  animals  have  almost  invariably  lofty  crests,  thin 
withers,  and  well  set  on  heads ;  and  although  they  are  em- 
phatically draught-horses,  they  have  none  of  that  shagginess  of 
mane,  tail  and  fetlocks,  which  indicates  a  descent  from  the 
black  horse  of  Lincolnshire,  and  none  of  that  peculiar  curliness 
or  waviness  which  marks  the  existence  of  Canadian  or  Norman 
blood  for  many  generations,  and  which  is  discoverable  in  the 
manes  and  tails  of  very  many  of  the  horses,  which  claim  to  be 

p^tre  Morgans. 

The  peculiar  characteristic,  however,  of  these  horses,  is  the 
shortness  of  their  backs,  the  roundness  of  their  barrels,  and  the 
closeness  of  their  ribbing  up.  One  would  say  that  they  are 
ponies  until  he  comes  to  stand  beside  them,  when  he  is  astonish 
ed  to  find  that  they  are  oftener  over,  than  under,  sixteen  hands 

in  height. 

These  horses  are,  nine  out  of  ten,  from  Yermont,  and  not  only 
are  they  the  finest  animals  in  all  the  United  States,  in  my  opin- 
ion, for  the  quick  draught  of  heavy  loads— for  which  opinion  of 
mine  I  have  a  reason  to  produce  in  justification— but  the  mares 
of  this  stock  are  incomparably  the  likeliest,  from  which,  by  a 
well  chosen  thoroughbred  sire,  to  raise  the  most  magnificent 
carriage-horses  in  the  w  orld. 

In  proof  of  what  I  assert,  I  will  relate  two  circumstances 
connected  with  this  breed  of  horses,  which  have  come  under 
iny  own  immediq,te  observation,  and  which  cannot  fail  to  have 
weight  with  candid  judges. 

During  the  Canadian  rebellion  of  1837,  the  English  force 
being  largely  augmented  in  the  provinces,  two  cavalry  regi- 
ments, with  a  considerable  park  of  artillery,  were  among  the 
number  of  the  reinforcements.    The  cavalry  conpisted  of  the 


EASTERN   STAGE  COACHING. 


61 


to 
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3ent 

iices 
ader 
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brce 

regi- 

the 

the 


First  Dragoon  Guards  and  of  the  Seventh  Hussars ;  the  latter  of 
which,  a  light  regiment,  brought  its  horses  with  it  from  Eng- 
land. Tlie  Dragoon  Guards,  which  is  as  heavy  a  cavalry  regi- 
ment as  any  in  the  world,  except  the  Lifeguards  and  the  Koyal 
Horseguards,  which  are  cuirassiers,  came  dismounted,  and  were 
all  horsed  from  Vermont,  with  scarcely  an  exception,  the  C:ina- 
dian  horses  not  having  either  the  size  or  power  necessary  to 
carry  such  weight. 

i  saw  this  magnificent  regiment  several  times  under  arms, 
after  the  horses  had  been  broken  and  managed,  and  certainly 
never  saw  a  heavy  regiment  more  splendidly  mounted  in  my 
life.  The  whole  of  the  artillery  was  horsed  from  the  same 
region,  and  with  precisely  the  stamp  of  horse  which  I  now  sec 
daily  before  the  New  York  Express  Vans  ;  and  I  myself  heard 
a  very  distinguished  officer  of  rank,  who  has  won  still  higher 
distinction  in  the  Crimea  say,  that  the  artilleiy  had  never,  in 
his  knowledge  of  the  service,  been  better,  if  so  well  horsed,  as  it 
was  while  in  Canada. 

It  may  be  worth  while  to  add,  that  the  hussars,  when  ordered 
home,  as  is  usual,  in  order  to  save  the  expense  of  transporta- 
tion, sold  their  horses ;  but  the  dragoon  guards  and  artillery, 
unless  I  have  been  most  wrongly  informed,  took  the  greater 
part  of  theirs,  and  especially  the  mares,  home  with  them,  owing 
to  their  superior  quality. 

Of  the  existence  of  this  breed,  therefore,  there  can  be  no 
doubt,  nor  of  its  excellence.  In  the  old  days,  while  staging  was 
in  its  perfection  in  Kew  England,  before  the  railroads  had  su- 
perseded coaching,  it  was  the  lighter  animals  of  this  same  breed 
and  stamp,  which  drew  the  post-coachee,  in  a  style  that  I  have 
never  seen  approached,  out  of  'New  England,  in  America  ;  nor 
do  I  believe  that  it  ever  has  been  approached  elsewhere.  For 
several  years  it  was  my  fortune,  some  twelve  or  thirteen  yeai-s 
since,  when  Salem  was  the  extreme  eastern  limit  of  railroad 
travel,  to  journey  a  good  deal  between  Boston  and  Bangor,  in 
Maine ;  and,  as  I  always  preferred  the  box,  with  the  double 
object  of  observing  the  country,  and  seeing  the  horses  work, 
having,  also,  a  tolerable  knack  of  getting  on  with  the  coach- 
men, who,  by  the  way,  were  coachmen,  on  those  roads,  in  those 
days,  not  stable-helpers— each  one  coaching  his  own  team  along, 


52 


THE  H0K8B. 


I' 


1 


as  well  or  as  badly  as  he  coxild,  according  to  the  fashion  of  all 
the  other  States  in  which  I  have  journeyed— I  contrived  to  pick 
up  some  information,  concerning  the  quick  v/orking,  active, 
powerful,  well-conditioned,  and  bound  animuls,  m  Inch  excited 
both  my  wonder  and  my  admiraHon. 

My  wonder!  for  that,  in  my  stage-coach  experiences  in  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  Tennsj  Ivania,  and  Upr.er  Canada,  from  the 
year  1831  to  1830,  of  wV.ich  I  Jiad  ';7yoye'o  considerable  oppor- 
tunity—having once  voyaged  in  what  was  called,  by  a  cruel 
irony,  the  Telegraph  Li;)e,  from  Albany  to  Buffalo,  through,  in 
three  days  and  two  nighto— I  had  formed  any  thing  but  a  favor- 
able estimate  of  American  stage-eoaching. 

My  admiration!  for  that  over  roads,  though  very  well  kept  for 
the  state  of  the  country,  which  would  have  made  c'l  English 
whip  open  his  eyes,  and  probably  his  moutli  also,  in  impreca- 
t"  jnb  both  loud  and  deep,  and  through  a  7ery  rough  line  of 
country,  bo  fur  as  hil't.  and  long  stages  were  concerned,  I  never 
saw  any  horses,  in  ray  life,  do  their  work  more  honestly,  more 
regularly,  or  more  quickly. 

The  rate  of  going  was  nine  miles,  including  stoppages  ;  to  do 
which  it  was  necessary  to  make  between  ten  and  eleven  over 
the  road  ;  the  time  was  pimctually  kept— as  punctually  as  on 
the  best  English  mail  routes,  at  that  time,  when  the  English 
mail  was  the  wonder  of  the  world  ;  and  I  have  no  hesitation  in 
saying  that  ten  and  a  half  to  eleven  miles  an  hour,  over  those 
roads,  is  fully  equal  to  thirteen  or  fourteen  over  the  English 
turnpikes,  as  they  were  at  the  time  concerning  which  I  am 
writing.  And  I  speak,  on  this  subject,  with  the  conviction  that 
I  speak  knowingly  ;  for,  between  the  years  1825  and  1831,  there 
were  not  a  great  many  fast  coaches  on  the  flying  roads  of  the 
day,  on  the  boxes  of  which  I  have  not  sat,  nor  a  few  of  the  fast- 
est, on  which  I  have  not  handled  the  ribbons. 

All  these  horses  were  evidently  of  the  very  breed  and  stamp 
which  I  describe  ;  and  I  learned,  on  inq  -.iry,  that  it  is  from  the 
region  I  have  named,  the  northern  part  of  Massachusetts,  namely, 
Vermont,  and  perhaps  some  portion  of  New  Hampshire,  that 
most  of  the  horses  came,  and  that  from  those  quartere,  moreover, 
is  the  origin  of  the  horse  of  Maine,  almost  without  admixture. 
->-'   Whence  this  admirable  stock  of  horses  came,  or  how  it  has 


%^ 


.aWMWiJiiwrt  1^'""  '"'* 


THE   DKAUvJHT   HOE8E   OF   VERMONT. 


53 


been  created,  there  is,  as  I  have  observed,  no  record.  I  do  not, 
however,  think  it  L.ipossible,  or  even  difficult  to  arrive  at  some- 
thing not  very  far  from  the  facts  of  the  matter  ;  if  one  look  to 
the  sources  whence  he  might  reasonably  expect  such  a  strain  to 
be  deduced,  and  then  find  that  such  sources  are  not  wanting, 
and  that  nearly  in  the  proportion  one  would  have  suggested. 

In  the  first  place,  then,  the  size,  the  action,  the  color,  the 
comparative  freedom  from  hair  on  the  limbs,  the  straiglitness 
of  the  longer  hairs  of  the  mane  and  tail,  and  the  quickness  of 
movement,  would,  at  once,  lead  one  to  suspect  a  hUfjC  cross, 
perhaps  the  largest  of  any,  on  the  original  mixed  coimtry  horse, 
of  Cleveland  Bay.  There  are,  however,  some  points  in  almost 
all  these  horses,  which  must  be  referred  to  some  other  foreign 
cross  than  the  Cleveland,  not  thoroughbred,  and,  as  I  have  men- 
tioned above,  certainly  not  Norman  or  Canadian,  of  which  these 
animals  do  not  exhibit  any  charactei-istic.  The  points  to  which 
I  have  referred,  are,  principally,  the  shortness  of  the  back,  the 
roundness  of  the  barrel,  the  closeness  of  the  ribbing  up,  the 
general  punchy  or  pony  build  of  the  animal,  and  its  form  and 
larger  and  more  massively  muscular  than  those  of  the 


size. 


Cleveland  Bay,  yet  displaying  fully  as  large,  if  not  a  larger, 
share  of  blood  than  belongs  to  that  animal,  in  its  unmixed 
form. 

The  prevalent  colors  of  this  breed,  or  family,  if  I  may  so  call 
it,  also  appear  to  point  to  an  origin  different,  in  part,  from  that 
of  thv.  pure  Cleveland  Bays,  which,  as  I  have  before  observed, 
lean  to  the  light  or  yellow  bay  variation,  while  these  New  Eng- 
landers  tend,  as  decidedly,  to  the  blood  bay,  if  not  to  the  brown 
bay  or  pure  brown. 

Now  these  latter  are  especially  the  dray-horse  colors,  and ' 
the  points  which  I  have  specified  above  are  also  those,  in  a  great 
measure,  of  the  improved  dray-horse. 

The  cross  of  this  blood  in  the  present  animal,  if  there  be  one, 
is  doubtless  very  remote^  and  whether  it  may  have  come  from 
a  single  mixture  of  the  dray  stallion,  long  since,  or  from  some 
half-bred  imported  stallion,  perhaps  got  by  a  three-part  tho- 
roughbred and  Clevelander  from  a  di  ay  mare,  must,  of  course, 
be  doubtful.  At  all  events,  I  should  have  little  hesitation  in 
pronouncing  that  what  I  call  the  l.,i\    Iraught  horse  of  Vermont 


54 


THE  HORSE. 


has  in  its  veins  principally  Cleveland  Bay  blood,  with  sonio 
cross  of  thorough  blood,  one  at  least,  directly  or  indirectly,  of 
the  improved  English  dray-horse,  and  not  impossibly  a  chance 
admixture  of  the  Sufiblk. 

And  to  bring  this  hypothesis,  which,  thus  far,  it  must  be 
admitted,  is  in  the  main  conjectural,  to  something  more  like  fact, 
we  iind  that  so  long  since  as  1821  a  Suftblk  cart-horse  stallion 
was  imported  into  Massachusetts  by  John  Coffin  ;  that  in  1825 
a  Cleveland  Bay  stallion  and  mare,  and  a  London  dray-horse 
stallion  ;  and  that  again  in  1828,  another  Cleveland  Bay  stal- 
lion, with  two  thoroughbreds,  Barefoot,  the  St.  Lcger  winner, 
of  183.^,  and  Serab,  who  unfortunately  proved  impotent,  were 
imported  into  Massachusetts  by  the  late  Admiral  Sir  Isaac 
Coffin,  no  less  distinguished  for  his  patriotism  than  for  his 
eccentricity  and  gallantry, in  the  British  service. 

I  cannot,  of  course,  pretend  to  assert  that  the  race  of  the 
animals  in  cpiestion  are  ipsofaclo  the  descendants  of  these  very 
imported  mares  and  stallions ;  but  when  one  finds,  in  any 
region  or  district  of  country,  o  certain  stock,  be  it  of  horses  or 
of  neat  cattle,  of  sheep,  or  even  of  swine,  strongly  showing  the 
characteristic  marks  of  some  well-known  distinctive  race  or 
races,  and  thou  ascertains  that  progenitors  or  progenitrixes  of 
those  very  races  were  actually  introduced  into  that  district,  for 
the  avowed  purpose  of  improving  the  native  breeds,  at  a  period 
prior  to  any  positive  notice  or  description  of  the  now  existing 
stock,  he  would  hardly,  I  think,  be  rash  in  ascribing  the  present 
family  to  tlie  intermixture  of  the  bloods  of  those  ancestors  in  a 
greater  or  lesser  degree. 

This  view,  it  must  be  observed,  concerning  the  draught-horse 
of  Vermont,  which  I  have  ventured  to  term  a  family,  is  not 
intended  to  militate  against  the  opinions  set  forth  above  as  to 
the  possibility  of  creating,  by  intermixture  of  bloods,  a  family 
which  shall  reproduce  itself  unmixed. 

No  such  claim  has  been  set  on  foot  for  the  Vermont  draught- 
horse,  although  something  of  the  kind  has  been  attempted,  con- 
eeniing  a  single  highly-bred  branch  or  offset,  as  I  regard  it,  of 
the  general  stock  of  the  region. 

I  do  not  even  mean  to  assert  that  these  horses  can  claim  any 
one,  or  more,  individual  family  ancestors,  common  to  all ;  or 


EFFECT   OF   IN-BKEEDING. 


56 


that  they  have  any  8\ich  actual  blood  connection  among  them, 
as  should  constitute  them,  in  actual  fact,  a  family. 

All  that  I  believe,  or  desire  to  put  forth,  is,  that  there  now 
exists  a  peculiar  type  of  horse  of  great  merit  for  many  purposes, 
over  a  large  district  of  country,  sub<Uvi8lble  into  some  three  or 
four  secondary  classes,  modified,  as  I  sliould  judge,  by  the  pos- 
session of  more  or  less  blood — I  mean,  of  more  or  less  thorough 
blood  of  the  English  or  American  racer — yet  all  showing  the 
characteristics  of  the  other  English  faniilies  which  I  have  named, 
and,  I  doubt  not,  having  derived  a  part  of  their  own  peculiar 
merits  from  each  one  of  those  families. 

I  believe  that  the  mares  of  all  the  various  classes  of  this  type, 
from  the  heaviest  to  the  lightest,  are  the  best  brood  maies,  by 
many  odds,  of  any  one  class  that  I  have  seen  in  America,  from 
Avhich  to  raise  stout,  hardy,  sound,  active,  and  speedy  stock,  for 
all  practical  purposes,  to  well-selected,  largo-sized,  bony,  tho- 
roughbred stallions.  At  any  time,  when  the  stock  of  heavier, 
larger,  and  slower  mares  appear  to  be  becoming  scarce,  recourse 
should  be  had  to  powerful  stallions  of  the  native  stock ;  not  to 
be  joined,  as  sires,  to  weaklings  under-sized,  high-blooded  mares, 
in  order  to  recuperate  the  race — for  that  they  will  not  do — but 
to  be  coupled  to  the  finest  and  roomiest  mares  of  their  own  class ; 
from  which  union  will  probably  result  something  with  yet  more 
bone  and  less  blood,  in  other  words,  coarser  than  either  parent ; 
and  this  offspring,  if  a  colt,  when  castrated,  will  prove  a  capital 
team-horse ;  if  a  filly,  will  be  exactly  what  is  wanted  to  stint  to 
the  thoroughbred. 

This  is  nearly  what  I  believe  to  be  the  history  of  the  Morgan 
horse,  as  it  is  styled,  when  it  was  in  its  first  prime.  That  is  to 
say,  I  believe  it  to  be  an  entirely  made,  or  artificial,  animpl ', 
made,  probably,  in  a  great  degree,  in  this  instance,  by  the  pos- 
sessing a  small  portion  of  one  particular  strain  of  blood. 

Tlie  perpetuation  of  that  strain  by  in-breeding,  or  by  breed- 
ing from  sires  of  that  race,  either  with  cold-blooded  or  hot- 
blooded  mares,  I  know  to  be  impossible,  for  the  original  strain 
must  go  on,  from  generation  to  generation,  in  a  scale  dimimtendo. 

But  that  the  same  stamp  of  horae  can  again  be  reproduced, 
and  reproduced  ad  injmitum,  by  having  recourse  to  the  same 
system  of  artificial  crossing  which  produced  it,  and  that  many 


56 


TIIK  nORSK. 


I 


if  not  nil  its  Lost  cumlitios  may  be  retained,  or  even  improved, 
l)y  jiidicious  l.reedinic,  I  in  "o  wise  dispute  or  doubt. 

"l  now  come  to  the  second,  and,  in  fact,  the  only  otlier,  now 
existin-,',  distinct  tyix'  of  horse  known  in  the  United  States  as  a 
breed  fi  mean  the  Conesto-a  draught-horse  of  Pennsylvania— the 
Canadian,  when  found  with  us,  is,  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  a 
foreigner  ;  and  is  rarely,  if  ever,  bred  on  this  side  of  the  line, 
like  sire  to  like  dam. 

EDITOniAL  NOTES. 

•  (P.  9.)  Royal  maroB  were  all  Arabians  or  Barbs.  Kinjf  Charles  the 
Second  sent  abroad  the  masti^r  of  the  horso,  to  procure  a  number  of  foreign 
horses  and  mares  for  breeding,  and  the  niaroH  brou^'ht  over  by  him  (as  also 
iniiny  of  their  prtxluce)  have  since  been  called  Koyal  mares. 

»  (P  10  )  This  is  not  true.  The  Stud  Book  is  full  of  cases  to  the  contrary. 
Eight  generations  in  long-livc^d  families  will  carry  you  back  a  hundred  and 
twenty  years,  and  in  some  cases  a  longer  time. 

»  (P.  11.)  English  juries  have  decided  that  a  horse  warranted  thorough- 
bred is  returnable  if  any  flaw  can  be  proved  in  his  pedigree-that  is  to  say,  if  it 
can  be  proved  that  his  pedigree  is  not  directly  traceable,  both  on  his  sire  and 
dam's  side,  to  an  imported  Barb  or  Arab.  Timoleon's  pedigree  is  well  estab- 
lished. 

*  (P.  13.)  They  have  also  decided  in  England  that  no  number  of  pure 
crosses  from  a  common  stock  can  produce  a  horse  warrantable  as  thoroughbred. 
But  it  is  held  that  five  successive  crosses  of  thoroughbred  bloo<l  so  far  neutralize 
the  remaining  common  strain,  as  to  render  the  produce  nearly  a  match  for  any 
blood  ■  and  the  proof  of  this  is  that  in  half-bred  (or  as  they  are  usually  termed 
Cocktail)  stakes,  horses  the  produce  of  the  f,M  P>'re  cross  are  disqualified,  in 
America  the  same  view  is  now  generally  adopted,  and  a  horse  of  the  fiM  PM« 
cross  is  considered  a  thoroxighbred. 

5  (P.  22.)  Orville.  the  winner  of  the  St.  Leger  in  1802,  was  a;  bay  colt  by 
Bcningbrough,  out  of  Evelina,  by  Highflyer. 

«  (P.  40.)  Harkforward,  imported  by  Hon.  Alex.  Porter,  of  Oak  Lawn,  near 
Franklin,  La.  He  did  not  die  immediately  after  his  arrival.  Imported  mare 
Vaga  had  a  filly  foal  by  him  in  1844,  which  ran  at  New  Orleans  in  the  spring  of 
1847.  .     » 


'J, 


w 

:i 

10 

a 

tio. 


HISTORY 

OF    THE    CONESTOOA    HORSE. 

Of  tliis  noble  dranght-liorse,  I  regret  to  say  that  there  is 
nothing  more  certainly  on  record,  than  there  is  in  relation  to 
the  Vermont  hoi-se. 

Tlie  above  cut  is  the  portrait  of  a  fine  brown  Conestoga 
horse,  in  the  possession  of  Adams's  Express  Co. ;  height,  16 
hands  and  a  half  inch  ;  weight,  1440  lbs. 

In  appearance,  he  approaches  far  more  nearly  to  the  im- 
proved light  class  London  dray-horse,  and  has,  in  so  far  as  I  can 
judge,  little,  if  any,  admixture  of  Cleveland  Bay,  and,  most 
emphatically,  none  of  thorough  blood. 

He  is  a  teamster,  and  a  teamster  only  ;  but  a  very  noble,  a 
very  honest,  and  a  moderately  quick-working  teamster.  In 
size  and  power,  I  have  seen  some  of  these  great  horses,  employed 


68 


TIIE   HORSE. 


0^ 


in  drawing  the  cnnal-bonts  down  tlio  railroad  track  in  Market 
Btreot,  Pliiladc'lpliiu,  little  if  at  all  inferior  to  the  dray-liorHCs  oi 
the  best  hrcworieH  and  distilleries  in  London  ;  many  of  them 
coming  np,  I  slionld  nay,  fully  to  the  standard  of  seventeen  or 
Boventecn  and  a  half  hands  in  height. 

In  color,  too,  they  follow  the  dray-horses  ;  being  more  often 
blood-bayH,  browns,  and  da})i)le-gray8,  than,  I  think,  of  any 
other  shade.  The  l)ays  and  browns,  moreover,  are  frequently 
dai»iiled  also  on  their  quarters,  which  is  decidedly  a  dray-horso 
characteiistic  and  beauty  ;  -.mie  it  is,  in  some  degree,  a  deroga- 
tion to  a  horse  pretending  to  much  blood. 

This  peculiarity  is  often  observable  also  in  the  larger  of  the 
lieavy  Vermont  draught-horses,  and  I  believe  it  is  not  unknown 
in  the  light  and  speedy  Morgans. 

Tliey  have  the  lofty  crests,  shaggy  volume^  of  mane  and  tail, 
round  buttocks,  hairy  fetlocks  and  great  round  feet  of  the  dray- 
horae.  But  they  are,  I  should  say,  longer  in  the  back,  finer  in 
the  shoulder,  looser  in  the  loin,  and,  perhaps,  flatter  in  the  side, 
than  their  English  antitypes. 

They  do  not  run  to  the  unwieldy  superfluity  of  flesh,  for 
•which  the  dray-horse  is  unfortunately  famous;  they  have  a 
lighter  and  livelier  carriage,  a  better  step  and  action,  and  are, 
in  all  res])ect8,  a  better  traveller,  more  active,  generally  useful 
ai  d  siqierior  style  of  animal. 

They  were,  for  many  years,  before  railroads  took  a  part  of 
the  work  oft"  their  broad  and  honest  backs,  the  great  carriers  of 
produce  and  provision  from  the  interior  of  Pennsylvania  to  the 
seaboard  or  the  iT)arket ;  and  the  vast  white-topped  wagons, 
drawn  by  superb  teams  of  the  stately  Conestogas,  were  a  dis- 
tinctive feature  in  the  landscape  of  the  great  agricultural  State. 
The  lighter  horses  of  this  breed  were  the  general  farm-horses 
of  the  country,  and  no  one,  who  is  familiar  with  tlie  agricul- 
tural regions  of  that  fine  State,  can  fail  to  observe  that  the 
farm-hoi-ses,  generally,  whether  at  the  plough  or  on  the  road, 
are  of  considerably  more  bulk  and  bone  than  those  of  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  or  the  AVestern  country. 

It  is  probable,  though  I  am  not  qualified  to  say  how  far,  that 
the  heavy  draught  of  the  mineral  wealth  of  the  State,  may,  in  a 
measure,  foster  the  use  of  a  larger  horse,  the  mule  being,  at 


TlfE   CONEBTCKJA    IIORSR. 


69 


least  in  those  portions  of  Pennsylvania  witli  wliioli  I  nnn  fami- 
liar, loss  gonorally  usotl  f(ir  toaniinj^,  tlian  fartlior  South. 

Of  tho  Coiu'stonfa  horse,  although  it  has  long  been  known 
and  (listinguislK'd  by  name  as  a  separate  family,  nothing  is  posi- 
tively authentieated,  from  the  fact  that  such  ^Muligrces  have 
never  been,  in  the  least  degree,  attended  to ;  and,  perhaps,  no 
less, from  the  different  language  8|)oken  by  tho  German  farmers, 
among  whom  this  stock  seems  first  to  have  obtained,  and  by 
whom  principally  it  has  been  preserved. 

It  is  much  to  be  feared,  that  it  is  now  too  late  to  obtain  any 
satisfactory  data  concerning  this,  as  concerning  many  other 
matters  of  much  interest  to  tho  equestrian  and  agricultural 
world  ;  so  long  a  period  having  elapsed  since  the  arrival  of  the 
early  settlers,  that  tradition  is  almost  dumb  concerning  their 
advent,  much  more  the  luituro  of  their  importations. 

It  seems  tome,  however,  taking  into  consideration  the  thrifty 
character  and  apparently  ample  means  of  the  early  German 
settlers,  their  singular  adherence  to  old  customs  aiul  conserva- 
tism of  old-country  ideas,  most  probable  that  they  brought  with 
them  horses  and  cattle,  such  as  Wouvermans  and  Paul  Potter 
painted ;  and  introduced  to  the  rich  pastures  of  the  Delaware 
and  the  Schuylkill  the  same  type  of  animals,  which  had  be- 
come famous  in  the  similarly  constituted  lowlands  of  Flanders, 
Guelderland,  and  the  United  Provinces. 

So  early  as  1775  a  stallion  named  "  American  Dray-IIorso," 
sixteen  and  a  half  hands  in  height,  got  by  the  "  Old  English 
Dray-Horse,"  imported  by  Col.  Francis,  it  is  not  stated  out  of 
what  mare,  stood  at  New  Garden,  in  Chester  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania ;  and  if,  as  I  am  inclined  to  suspect,  the  Conestoga-horse 
is  descended  from  a  mixture  of  the  Flemish  cart-horse  with  the 
English  breed,  to  which  it  bears  so  considerable  a  resemblance, 
it  may  well  bo  that  this  remote  importation  may  bo  one  of  the 
forefathere  of  the  family,  which,  it  is  earnestly  to  be  hoped,  will 
not  be  allowed  to  fall  into  abeyance,  although  the  railroads 
have  deprived  Othello  of  one  half  his  occupatiou. 

In  reply  to  a  letter,  addressed  by  myself,  to  the  worthy  pre- 
sident of  the  Pennsylvania  Agricultural  Society,  who  has  done 
so  much  for  that  State  in  the  line  of  fine  cattle,  inquiring  what 
information  could  be  afforded  to  me  concerning  the  horse-in- 


00 


THK   IldUHK. 


tcreet  of  tlio  State,  niid  oHpccially  conceriiinjf  tlio  ConcHtoj^n 
horse,  I  recfivcil  tlio  sulijo'mcd  U-ttor,  from  a  jjfriitlemaii,  whom 
ho  c<niHi(U'ri'il  tlii^  moHt  liki-ly  tit  anniHt  iiii';  in  wliii-li,  1  jn-e- 
Bumo,  all  Ih  cnilMidic'd,  that  can  be  now  aHcertained. 


N'kar  Nkw  riioriDrNCK,  LancMtcr  Co.,  Pciin.,  Junt  Atk,  1800. 
Hon.  JaMKH  (tOWAN, 

Pre»i(lent  of  the  Pciumiflnniia  State  AgriciiUurnl  .Sockly  ; 

JJiitr  Sir — In  hiokinj^  over  Mr.  llerhcrt's  k'tter,  which  you 
placed  in  my  hand**,  rc(inirin<?  infonnation,  in  relation  to  tho 
ditforent  stock  and  brccdrt  of  horsos  in  our  State,  I  tlnd  nothiiij^ 
to  wliicli  I  can  <j;ivi'  any  tliinj?  like  a  natisfactory  answer,  having 
never  })ai<l  much  attcntiuu  to  the  Huhjcct,  and  having  no  statis- 
tics or  records  that  will  throw  any  light  on  it. 

Having  been  brought  up,  however,  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  Mie  (Jonestoga  Valley.  I  will  impart  what  knowledge  I  have 
of  \\w.  ('one8t(>.fa  horse,  or  hors(^s.     The  valley  of  tho  Conestoga 
having  been  originally  settled  by  (Tcrmans,  who  took  a  great 
deal  of  pride  in  keej)ing  fine,  large,  fat  horses,  and — before  rail- 
roads were  constructed — their  large    heavy  teams  being   em- 
l>loyed  in  tran8i)orting  their  siirphis  prnduce  to  market,  and  in 
conveying  inerehandise  from   Philadelphia  to  Pittsburg,  those 
teams  attracted  attention  and  admiration,  wherever  they  went ; 
and  the  region,  whence  they  came,  became  noted   and  exten- 
sively known,  as  producing  the  finest  horses  in  the  country. 
Jhit  there  was  not,  I  think,  any  distinctive,  original  stock  to 
which  the  appellation  of  Conestoga  could,  with  propriety,  bo 
applied.     Some  sixty  or  seventy  years  ago,  a  horse  was  intro- 
d\iced  in  this  ;ounty  called  the  "  Chester  County  Lion,"  and  a 
great  nuiny  horses  have  been  raised  from  that  stock.     About 
the  same  time,  or  perhaps  a  little  later,  another  was  brought 
hither  called  the  "  English  Bull,"  a  large,  heavy,  clumsy  horse, 
probably  of  Flemish  stock,  apparently  well  calculated  for  heavy 
draft.    This  horse  struck  tho  fancy  of  our  German  farmers,  and 
that  stock  was  extensively  bred  for  some  time  ;  but  experience 
proved  iiiat  they  were  sluggish,  slow  in  their  movements,  and 
incapable  of  performing  as  much  service,  or  standing  as  much 
hardship,  as  a  smaller  and  more  active  breed.     There  have 
been  also  several  blooded  or  English  horses  brought  into  Cones- 


PREBKNT  cormmoN. 


ei 


fo^a  VulU'}-.  which,  heing  crossed  with  other  breeds,  hnvo  pro. 
(IiicimI  hoiim)  very  tine,  active,  scrviceiilde  horses,  and  all  these 
liuve  been  ciihitU'red  IJonestoj^u  horses.  1  recollect  a  horso 
lluit  was  called  "Concstoga  Lion"  but  the  name  was  only  a 
t'aucv  of  tho  owner,  who  resided  in  Conestoga  townshij) ;  and 
the  horso  was  generally  kiinwii  in  the  neighborhood  as  "  Sto- 
man's  horse  ;"' and,  though  many  lino  colts  have*  been  raised 
tVoni  him,  ho  had  no  more  claim  to  tlio  distinctive  title  of  a 
Concstoga  horse  than  a  hundred  others. 

Eespectfully  yours, 

JuiiN  Stkoum. 


It  will  be  understood  frotn  this  clear  and  intelligent  stato* 
mcnt,  which  is  just  what  such  a  Btatement  should  be,  telling 
exactly  what  tho  writer  knowti  and  surmising  nothing  on  i)roba- 
bilities,  that  tho  origimil  or  early  horso  of  this  celebrated  local- 
ity, when  it  fii-st  gained  its  renown,  was  of  the  heavy  stamp, 
which,  and  not  tho  more  recent  improved  typo  of  tho  same  stock, 
I  have  described  above  as  the  Conestoga  horse ;  and  that  it  was 
descended,  in  part  at  least,  from  Flemish  and  English  dray-l.orso 
stock.  Nor  is  it  at  nil  impossible  that  tho  "Chester-County 
Lion,"  spoken  of,  may  be  sprung  from  the  loins  of  tho  dray-horHOS 
6i)0cified  heretofore,  the  dates  seeming  to  corroborate  the  hypo- 
thesis, as  also  tho  country  whence  he  came. 

Whether  there  was  an  earlier  Flemish  stock  brought  by  the 
Germans  to  that  locality,  or  •whether  they  merely  raised  tho 
standard  and  size  of  tho  liorse  by  breeding,  carefuily  and  exclu- 
sively, from  the  finest  and  largest  animals,  both  dam  and  sire,  is 
not  now  a  point  worthy  of  consideration.  That  such  judicious 
and  scientific  breeding  will  produce  its  effect  after  a  time,  with 
whatever  animal,  down  to  a  BakewoU  sheep  or  a  Suffolk  swine, 
is  an  indisputable  fact. 

It  is  enough  that  the  family  is  there ;  that  it  was  created  for 
a  certain  purpose,  and  yet  exists  and  is  in  demand  for  analogous 
purposes,  wherever  such  occur,  to  tho  present  day.  That  from 
this,  as  from  all  other  strong,  bony,  cold-blooded  stocks,  highly 
useful  horses  are  raised  by  adopting  the  service  of  thoroughbred 
sires,  is  merely  corroborative  of  what  I  have  written  before,  and 
particularly  in  relation  to  the  Vermont  draft-horse.    It  only  re- 


62  THE  HORSE. 

mains  to  hope,  that  in  improving  the  stock  "by  the  introduction 
of  blood,  the  breeding  of  mares  of  the  original  type,  from  parents 
of  size,  power  and  shape,  of  the  same  stock  on  both  sides,  will 
not  be  neglected  ;  for  it  may,  I  think,  be  taken  as  an  established 
physical  fact,  that  when  the  mares  of  any  family  have  degene- 
rated in  size  and  bone,  from  being  brought  too  nearly  to  oriental 
blood,  the  stock  cannot  be  improved,  or  brought  back  to  the 
original  bulk'  and  bone,  retaining  the  game  qualities  of  the  blood, 
by  the  use  of  large  coarse  sires. 

And  this  brings  me  to  the  Canadian  horse,  which  I  regard, 
as  in  its  unmixed  state,  and  I  believe  very  many  to  exist  in 
Canada  perfectly  unmixed,  to  be  of  the  purest  and  best  Norman 
blood. 


wha 


stoc 


His 


HISTORY 

OF    THE    CANADIAN    HORSE. 


The  Canadian  is  generally  low- sized,  rarely  exceeding  fifteen 
hands,  and  oftener  tailing  short  of  it. 

The  above  cut  is  a  portrait,  drawn  from  a  photograph  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  Wm.  T.  Porter,  by  Mr.  Fitzgibbons,  of  the 
celebrated  Canadian  trotting  stallion  St.  Lawrence,  taken  at 
the  St.  Louis  Agriciiltural  Fair,  in  the  fall  of  1856.  It  is 
thought  to  be  a  particularly  good  likeness,  and  the  horse  him- 
self is  a  fine  type  of  this  peculiar  breed. 

His  characteristics  are  a  broad,  open  forehead ;  ears  some- 
what wide  apart,  and  not  unfrequently  a  basin  face  ;  the  latter, 
perhaps,  a  trace  of  the  far  remote  Spanish  blood,  said  to  exist  in 
his  veins;  the  origin  of  the  improved  Norman  or  Percheron 
stock  being,  it  is  usually  believed,  a  cross  of  the  Spaniard,  Barb 
.,  by  descent,  with  the  old  Norman  war-horse. 
\  His  crest  is  lofty,  and  his  demeanor  proud  and  courageous. 
'  His  breast  is  full  and  broad  ;  his  shoulder  strong,  though  some- 


Ml 


y 


64 


THE  nOKSK. 


what  straight  and  a  little  inclinod  to  be  heavy  ;  his  back  broad, 
and  his  croup  round,  ficfihy  and  muscular.  His  ribs  are  not, 
however,  so  much  arched,  nor  are  they  so  well  closed  up,  as  his 
general  shape  and  build  would  lead  one  to  expect.  His  legs  and 
feet  are  admirable  ;  the  bone  large  and  flat,  and  the  sinews  big, 
and  nervous  as  steel  s])ring8.  His  feet  seem  almost  unconscious 
of  disease.  His  fetlocks  are  shaggy,  his  mane  voluminous  and 
massive,  not  seldom,  if  untrained,  falling  on  both  sides  of  his 
neck,  and  his  tail  abundant,  both  having  a  peculiar  orlmpkd 
wave,  if  1  may  so  express  myself,  the  like  of  which  I  never  saw 
in  any  horse  which  had  not  some  strain  of  this  blood. 

He  cannot  be  called  a  speedy  horse  in  his  pure  state  ;  but  he 
is  emphatically  a  quick  one,  an  indefatigable  undaunted  travel- 
ler, with  the  greatest  endurance,  day  in  and  day  out,  allowing 
him  to  go  at  his  own  pace,  say  from  six  to  eight  miles  the  hour, 
with  a  horse's  load  behind  him,  of  any  animal  I  have  ever 
driven.  He  is  extremely  hardy,  will  thrive  on  any  thing,  or  al- 
most on  nothing;  is  docile,  though  high-spirited,  remarkably 
sure-footed  on  tlie  worst  ground,  and  has  fine,  high  action, 
bending  his  knee  roundly  and  setting  his  foot  sc[ua-:ely  on  the 
ground. 

As  a  farm-horse  and  ordinary  farmer's  roadster,  there  is  no 
honester  or  better  animal ;  and,  as  one  to  cross  with  other 
breeds,  whether  upward  by  the  mares  to  thoroughbred  stallions, 
or  downward  by  the  stallions  to  common  country  mares  of  other 
breeds,  he  has  liardly  any  equal. 

From  the  upward  cross,  with  the  English  or  American 
thoroughbred  on  the  sire's  side,  the  Canadian  has  produced 
some  of  the  fastest  trotters  and  the  best  gentleman's  road  and 
saddle  horses  in  the  country ;  and,  )n  the  other  hand,  the  Cana- 
dian stallion,  wherever  he  has  been  introduced,  as  he  has  been 
largely  in  the  neighborhood  of  Skeueateles,  and  generally  in 
the  western  part  of  the  State  of  New  York,  is  gaining  more  and 
more  favor  with  the  farmers,  and  is  improving  the  style  and 
stamina  of  the  country  stock.  He  is  said,  although  small  him- 
■  self  in  stature,  to  have  the  unusual  quality  of  breeding  up  in  size 
with  larger  and  loftier  mares  than  himself,  and  to  give  the  foals 
his  own  vigor,  pluck  and  iron  constitution,  with  the  frame  and 
general  aspect  of  their  dams. 


HIS   BAKB  BLOOD. 


65 


This,  by  the  way,  appears  to  be  a  characteristic  of  the  Barb 
blood  above  all  others,  and  is  a  strong  corroboration  of  the 
le<'end,  which  attributes  to  him  an  early  Andalusian  strain. 


THE   INDIAK   PONY. 

Tlie  various  breeds  of  Indian  ponies  found  in  the  West,  gene- 
rally appear  to  me  to  bo  the  result  of  a  cross  between  the  South- 
ern mustang,  descended  from  the  emancipated  Spanish  horses 
of  the  south  west,  and  the  smallest  type  of  the  Canadian,  the 
proportions  varying  according  to  the  localities  in  which  they  are 
found,  those  farther  to  the  south  shai-ing  more  largely  of  the 
Spanish,  and  those  to  the  north  of  the  Norman  blood. 

On  my  first  visit  to  Canada,  in  1831,  I  had  an  opportunity 
of  seeing  great  herds  of  these  ponies,  running  nearly  wild  on  the 
rich  meadow  lands  about  the  Grand  Eiver,  belonging  to  the 
Mohawk  Indians,  who  had  a  large  reservation  on  that  river,  near 
the  village  of  Brantford,  which  took  its  name,  I  believ^e,  from 
the  chief,  who  was  a  son  of  the  famous  Brant,  Thayendanagca, 
of  ante-revolutionary  renown. 

These  little  animals,  which  I  do  not  think  any  of  them 
exceeded  ♦hirteen  hands,  had  all  the  characteristics  of  the  pure 
Canadians,  and,  except  in  size,  were  not  to  be  distinguished 
from  them.  They  had  the  same  bold  carriage,  open  counte- 
nance, abundant  hair,  almost  resembling  a  lion's  mane,  the 
same  general  build,   and  above  all,   the  same  iron  feet  and 

legs 

I  hired  a  pair  of  these,  I  well  remember,  both  stallions,  and 
they  took  me  in  a  light  wagon,  with  a  heavy  driver  and  a  hundred 
weight,  or  upwards,  of  baggage,  over  execrable  roads,  sixty 
miles  a  day,  for  ten  days  in  succession,  without  exhibiting  the 
slightest  di  tress,  and  at  th^sJiS^  of  the  journey  were  all  ready  to 
set  out  on  the  same  trip  again. 

I  was  new  at  the  time  in  America,  and  was  much  sm-prised 
and  interested  by  the  performance  of  this  gallant  little  pair  of 
animals.  They  were  pierfectly  matched,  both  in  size  and  color, 
very  dark  brown,  and  twelve  hands  and  a  half  in  height ;  and 
where  the  road  was  hard  and  good,  could  spin  along  at  nearly 
nine  miles  in  the  hour.  Tliey  were  very  merrj*  goers. 
Vot.  IL— 6 


66 


THE  H0E8B. 


It  was  their  wonderful  eure-footedness,  sagacity,  and  docility, 
however,  which  most  deliglitcd  me.  Tliey  were  driven  without 
blinkers  or  bearing  reins,  and  where,  as  was  often  the  case, 
bridges  seemed  doubtful,  the  bottom  of  miry  fords  suspicious  of 
quagmires,  or  the  road  otherwise  dangerous,  tliey  would  put 
do-AMi  their  heads  to  examine,  try  the  difficulty  with  their  feet, 
and,  wlien  satisfied,  would  get  through  or  over  jjlaces,  which 
seemed  utterly  impracticable. 

In  short,  I  became  perfectly  in  love  with  them  ;  and,  as  the 
price  asked  for  tliem  was  fabulously  small— considerably,  if  I  re- 
collect aright,  under  fifty  dollars  Ibr  the  pair— I  should  certainly 
have  bought  theui,  had  there  been  any  way  of  getting  theiu 
down  from  what  was  then  almost  a  wilderness,  though  it  is  now 
the  very  finest  part  of  the  province. 

Whence  this  pony  breed  of  Canadians  has  arisen,  1  am  un- 
able to  say  ;  but  I  believe  it  to  be  almost  entirely  peculiar  to 
the  Indian  tribes,  wherefore  I  atn  inclined  to  think  it  may  have 
been  produced  by  the  dwarfing  process,  which  will  arise  from 
hardship  and  privation  endured  generation  after  generation, 
particularly  by  the  young  animals  and  the  mares  while  heavy 

in  foal. 

These  animals  had,  I  can  say  almost  positively,  no  recent 
cross  of  the  Spanish  horse ;  but  I  have  seen,  since  that  time, 
ponies  approaching  nearly  to  the  same  type,  which  showed  an 
evident  cross  of  the  mustang ;  and  I  have  seen  animals  called 
mustangs,  in  which  I  was  convinced  that  there  was  Canadian 

blood. 

With  this,  I  take  my  leave  of  what  I  consider  the  last  of  the 
families  of  the  horse,  now  existing,  peculiar  to  America ;  here- 
after, I  shall  proceed  to  give  some  statistics  and  general  infor- 
mation, for  which  I  am  indebted  to  my  friend  Col.  Harris  of  the 
Ohio  Cultivator,  and  to  Messrs.  A.  Y.  Moore  and  Joshua  Clem- 
ents of  Michigan,  and  to  Mr.  J.  H.  Wallace  of  Muscatine, 
Iowa,  with  various  friends  and  correspondents  of  these  gentle- 
men, concerning  the  breeds  of  horses,  and  the  general  condition 
of  the  horse  interest,  in  the  West.  In  none,  however,  of  those 
newly  settled,  but  vastly  thriving  agricultural  Slates,  is  there 
any  thing  that  can,  with  die  least  propriety,  be  claimed  as  ia  dis- 
tinctive tamily  of  the  horse. 


THE  NARRAQAN8ETr   PACER. 


67 


I  pass,  therefore,  briefly  to  the  consideration  of  what  was, 
while  it  existed  in  its  purity — I  fear  one  may  now  say,  while  it 
existed.,  in  broad  terms — a  truly  distinct,  and  for  its  own  pecu- 
liar use  and  purpose,  a  most  valuable,  as  it  was  a  most  interest- 
ing, curious  and  beautiful  variety,  or  species — for  it  seems  to 
me  that  it  almost  amounts  to  that — of  the  Equine  Family. 


THE  NAKBAQANSETT  PACER. 


Tills  beautiful  animal,  which,  so  far  as  I  can  ascertain,  has 
now  entirely  ceased  to  exist,  and  concerning  which  the  strang- 
est legends  and  traditions  are  afloat,  was,  I  think  it  may  be 
positively  asserted,  of  Andalusian  blood.  The  legends,  to 
which  I  allude,  tell  in  two  wise ;  or  rather,  I  shou' '  say, . 
there  are  two  versions  of  the  same  legend.  One  saying  that  the 
original  stallion,  whence  came  the  breed,  was  picked  up  at  sea, 
swimming  for  his  life,  no  one  knew  whence  or  whither ;  and 
was  so  carried  in  by  his  salvoi-s  to  the  Providence  Plantations ; 
the  other,  evidently  another  form  of  the  same  story,  stating  that 
the  same  original  progenitor  was  discovered  running  wild  in  the 
woods  of  Ehode  Island. 

The  question,  however,  thus  far  seems  to  be  put  at  rest  by 
the  account  of  these  animals  given  in  a  note  to  the  very  curious 
work  "  America  Dissected,"  by  the  Rev'd  James  McSparran, 
D.D.,  which  is  published  as  an  appendix  to  the  History  of  the 
Church  of  Narragansett,  by  Wilkins  Updike. 

Dr.  McSparran  was  sent  out  in  April,  1721,  as  their  mission- 
ary, by  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign 
Parts,  to  that  venerable  church  of  which  he  was  the  third  incum- 
bent, and  over  which  he  presided  thirty-seven  years,  generally 
n  jpected  and  beloved,  uatil  he  departed  this  life,  on  the  /rst 
day  of  December,  1759,  and  was  interred  under  the  communion 
table  of  the  church,  which  he  had  so  long  served. 

In  his  "America  Dissected"  the  doctor  twice  mentions  the 
pacing  horee,  which  was  evidently  at  that  remote  date  an  estab- 
lished breed  in  that  province. 

"  To  remedy  this,"  he  says — this  being  the  great  extent  of 
the  parishes  in  Virginia,  of  which  he  is  at  first  speaking,  and  the 
distances  which  had  to  bo  travelled  to  church — ^"  to  remedy  this, 
as  the  whole  province,  between  the  mountains,  two  hundred 


i1 


-rssR 


rrsK^ 


m 


68 


THE  H0B8E. 


miles  up,  and  the  sea,  is  all  a  champaign,  and  without  stones,  they 
liavo  plenty  of  a  small  sort  of  horses,  the  best  in  the  world,  like 
the  little  Seotch  Galloways  ;  and  'tis  no  extraordinary  journey  to 
ride  from  sixty  to  seventy  miles,  or  more,  in  a  day.  I  have 
often,  but  upon  larger  pacing  horses,  rode  fifty,  nay,  sixty  miles 
a  day,  even  here  in  New  England,  where  the  roads  are  rough, 
stony,  and  uneven," 

And  elsewhere  he  speaks  more  distinctly  of  the  same  breed. 
"The  produce  of  this  colony,"  Rhode  Island,  "is  principally 
butter  and  cheese,  fat  cattle,  wool,  and  fine  liorses,  which  are 
exported  to  all  parts  of  English  America.  They  are  remarka- 
ble for  fleetness  and  %vr\it  pacing  ;  and  I  have  seen  some  of  them 
pace  a  mile  in  a  little  more  than  two  minutes,  and  a  good  deal 
less  than  three." 

If  the  worthy  doctor  of  divinity  were  a  good  judge  of  pace 
and  had  a  good  timing  watch,  it  would  seem  that  the  wonder- 
ful time  of  Pocahontas  was  equalled,  if  not  outdone,  above  a 
century  ago ;  at  all  events,  he  establishes,  beyond  a  peradven- 
ture,  tlie  existence  of  the  family  and  its  unequalled  powers,  as 
well  of  speed  as  of  endurance. 

To  the  latter  extract  is  attached  the  following  note,  which  I 
insert  entire,  with  all  the  quotations  as  they  stand  in  the  origi- 
nal. These  are,  however,  somewhat  confused  ;  so  that  it  is  not 
altogether  clear,  at  all  timfes,  who  is  the  speaker. 

"  The  breed  of  horses,  called  '  Narragansett  Facers,'  once  so 
celebrated  for  fleetness,  endurance  and  speed,  has  become  ex. 
tinct.  These  horses  were  highly  valued  for  the  saddle,  and  trans- 
ported the  rider  with  great  pleasantness  and  surencss  of  foot. 
The  pure  blocds  could  not  trot  at  all.  Formerly,  they  had  pace 
races.  Little  Neck  beach,  in  South  Kingston,  ot  one  mile  in 
length,  was  the  race  course.  A  silver  tankard  was  the  prize, 
and  high  bets  were  otherwise  made  on  speed.  Some  of  these 
prize  tankards  were  remaining  a  few  years  ago.  \  Traditions  re- 
Bpecting  the  swiftness  of  these  horses  are  almost  incredible. 
Watson,  in  his  'Historical  Tales  of  Olden  Times,'  says:  'In 
olden  time,  the  horses  most  valued  were  pacers,  now  so  odious 
deemed.  To  this  end  the  breed  was  propagated  with  care.  The 
Narragansett  racers  were  in  such  repute,  that  they  were  sent 


iSSfS^RE" 


niSTORT   OF   PACERS. 


69 


for,  at  much  trouble  and  expense,  by  some  who  were  choice  in 
their  selections. 

"The aged Tliomas Matlock,  of  Philadelphia,  was  passionately 
fond  of  races  in  his  youth — he  said  all  genteel  horses  were 
pacers.  A  trotting  horse  was  deemed  a  base  breed.  All  races 
were  pace  races. 

"  Thomas  Bradford,  of  Philadelphia,  says  they  were  run  in  a 
circular  form,  making  two  miles  for  a  heat.  At  the  same  time 
they  run  straight  races  of  a  mile. 

"  Mr.  I.  T.  Hazard,  in  a  communication,  states,  that  "  within 
ten  years,  one  of  my  aged  neighbors,  Enoch  Lewis,  sinco  de- 
ceased, informed  me  that  he  had  been  to  Virginia  as  one  of  the 
riding  boys  to  return  a  similar  visit  of  the  Virginians  in  that 
section,  in  a  contest  on  the  turf;  and  that  such  visits  were  com- 
mon with  the  racing  sportsmen  of  Narragansett  and  Virginia 
when  he  was  a  boy.  Like  the  old  English  country  gentlemen, 
from  whom  they  were  descended,  they  were  a  horse-racing,  fox- 
hunting, feasting  generation. 

"My  grandfather.  Gov.  Robinson,  introduced  the  famous 
saddle  horse,  the  '  Narragansett  Pacer,'  known  in  the  last  cen- 
tury over  all  the  civilized  part  of  North  America  and  the  West 
Indies, yVoOT.  whence  they  have  lately  been  introduced  into  Eng- 
land as  a  ladies'  saddle  horse,  under  the  name  of  the  Spanish 
Jenette.  Governor  Robinson  imported  the  original  from  Anda- 
lusia, in  Spain,  and  the  raising  of  them  for  the  West  India  mar- 
ket was  one  of  the  objects  of  the  early  planters  of  this  country. 
My  grandfather,  Robert  Hazard,  raised  about  a  hundred  of  them 
annually,  and  often  loaded  two  vessels  a  year  wi  'i  them,  and 
other  products  of  his  farm,  which  sailed  direct  from  the  South 
Ferry  to  the  West  Indies,  where  they  were  in  great  demand. 
One  of  the  causes  of  the  loss  of  that  famous  breed  here,  was  the 
great  demand  for  them  in  Cuba,  when  that  island  began  to  cul- 
tivate sugar  extensively.  The  planters  became  suddenly  rich, 
and  wanted  the  pacing  horses  for  themselves  and  their  wives 
and  daughters  to  ride,  faster  than  we  could  supply  them ;  and 
Bent  an  agent  to  this  country  to  purchase  them  on  such  terms  as 
he  could,  but  to  purchase  at  all  events. 

"  I  have  heard  my  father  say  he  knew  the  agent  very  well, 
and  he  made  his  home  at  the  Rowland  Brown  House,  at  Tower 


70 


Tin:  HORSB. 


Hill,  wlierc  ho  commenced  purchasing  and  shipping,  until  all 
the  good  ones  were  sent  off.  lie  never  let  a  good  one  escape 
him.  This,  and  the  fact  that  they  were  not  so  well  adapted  for 
draft  as  other  horses,  was  the  cause  of  their  being  neglected,  and 
I  believe  the  breed  is  now  extinct  in  this  section. 

"  My  father  described  the  motion  of  this  horse  as  diflfering 
from  others,  in  that  its  back  bono  moved  through  the  air  in  a 
straight  line,  without  inclining  tuc  rider  from  side  to  side,  as 
the  common  racker  or  pa  i  .  +.)*•»  present  day.  Hence  it  was 
very  easy;  and,  being  of  gn  >ow  i-ind  endurance,  they  would 
perform  a  journey  of  one  In.  .'L-ed  nr'^'  .  a  day,  without  injury 
to  themselves  or  rider. 

'"Those  kept  for  family  use  were  never  used  in  harness, 
drafting  stiffened  their  limbs.  In  the  revolutionary  war,  trot- 
ting horses  became  more  valuable  for  teaming  than  pacers,  and 
would  sell  better  in  market,  and  could  bo  easier  matched.  Af- 
ter the  war,  trotters  were  more  valuable  for  transportation,  and 
the  raising  of  pacing  horses  consequently  ceased.  Only  a  few 
of  the  country  gentlemen  kept  them  for  their  own  use.  In  the 
year  1800,  there  was  only  one  living. 

*'  -An  aged  lady,  now  living  in  Narragansett,  in  1791,  rode  one 
of  these  pacers,  on  a  ladies'  side  saddle,  the  first  day  to  Plainfield, 
30  miles,  the  next  day  to  Hartford,  40,  staid  there  two  days, 
then  rode  to  New  Haven,  40,  from  thence  to  New  London  40, 
and  then  home  to  Narragansett,  40  miles  more.  She  says  she 
experienced  no  sensible  fatigue. 

"  Hoi-ses  and  the  mode  of  travelling,  like  every  thing  else, 
have  undergone  the  change  of  fashion." 

The  latter  reasons,  I  presume,  assigned  for  the  extinction  ot 
this  breed,  are  probably  the  nearest  to  the  truth ;  for  one  would 
imagine  that,  how  grefit  soever  the  Spanish  demand,  and  how- 
ever large  the  prices  the  agent  might  be  willing  to  pay,  there 
would  be  some  persons  of  sufficient  foresight  to  retain  animals 
enough  to  support  a  breed,  which  must  naturally  have  become 
the  more  valuable,  the  greater  the  demand  for  it. 

The  fact  seems  to  be,  that,  up  to  the  beginning  of  the  pre- 
sent century  in  this  country,  much  as  it  was  half  a  century  yet 
farther  back  in  England,  tlie  roads  were  so  bad,  as  to  be,  except 
in  tlie  finet  t  weather,  wholly  impracticable  for  wheel  carriages ; 


. 


"■^^i»SS!^^"" 


CAU8K   OF  TIIEIB  DECLINE. 


71 


and  that,  except  on  the  greut  turnpiko  roads,  and  in  the  immedi- 
ate vicinity  of  large  cities,  private  jdcasuro  veliicle8  were  almost 
unknown.  Ail  long  journeys,  at  tliat  time,  with  lew  e-xceptions, 
and  all  excursions  lor  pleasure,  I'or  ordinary  business,  such  as 
calls  the  rural  population  to  the  post  town  on  nuirket  days,  and 
all  visitings  between  friends  and  neighboi-s,  were  performed,  by 
both  sexes,  on  the  saddle. 

At  that  time,  there  was  therefore  a  demand,  not  as  a  matter 
of  plciif  urc  or  display,  but  as  an  actual  necessity,  for  speedy,  and 
above  all,  for  pleasant  and  easy-going  saddle-horses — since  to 
ride  a  bone-settiug  trotter,  a  journey  of  successive  days,  over  the 
country  as  it  then  was,  would  have  been  a  veritable  peine  forte 
et  dure.  No  horse,  kept  consta.-tly  at  harness  work,  particu- 
larly at  farming  work,  can  possibly  be  an  agreeable,  if  even  a 
safe^  saddle  horse  to  ride,  For  the  use  of  hanging  on  the  collar 
accustoms  a  horse  to  depend  on  it,  as  if  for  support,  although 
in  truth  it  can  afford  none ;  and,  when  he  cannot  feel  it,  ho  is 
sure  to  bear  heavily  on  the  hand,  and  is  likely,  if  not  delicately 
handled,  to  come  upon  his  head. 

Hence  persons  who  are  particular — not  to  say  fanciful — about 
their  saddle  horses,  never  allow  them  to  look  through  a  collar  ; 
and  as,  when  the  possession  of  an  easy-going  saddle  horse  was 
a  matter  of  as  much  consideration  as  that  of  an  easy-fitting  shoe, 
every  one  was  particular  about  his  riding  horse,  pacers,  when- 
ever they  could  be  found,  were  more  than  a  luxury,  and  almost 
a  necessity,  to  men  or  women,  who  were  used  to  be  much  in  the 
saddle. 

The  expense  of  this  was,  of  course,  considerable,  since  the 
pacer  was  useless  for  any  other  purpose ;  so  soon,  therefoie, 
as  the  roads  improved,  in  proportion  tc  the  improvement 
of  the  country  and  the  general  increase  of  population,  wheel 
carriages  generally  came  into  use,  and  the  draft  horse  supplant- 
ed the  saddle  horse.  At  the  same  time,  as  property  became 
subdivided  among  many  heirs,  the  fortunes  of  the  country  gen- 
tlemen diminished,  and,  in  process  of  time,  country  gentlemen, 
resident  on  their  own  estates,  in  affluence  approaching  to  luxury, 
ceased  to  be. 

It  was  soon  found,  that,  whereas  one  could  not  have  a  toler- 
able saddle  horse,  if  he  were  allowed  to  work  in  the  plough  or 


i 


79 


TIIE   nORSE. 


draw  the  team,  the  same  labor  in  no  degree  detracted  from  the 
chaise  or  carriage  Ijorse. 

Ilenco  the  pacer  was  superseded  by  the  trotter;  and  tlio 
riding  liorso  from  being  an  article  of  necessity,  became  one  of 
exclusive  luxury  ;  to  such  a  degree,  that,  until  comparatively  a 
very  recent  period,  when  ladies  again  began  to  take  up  riding, 
there  have  been  very  few  distinctively  broken  riding  horses, 
and  still  fewer  kept  cxdimvely  as  such,  in  the  Northern  States 
of  America. 

Probably,  there  never  was  a  country  in  the  world,  in  which 
there  is  so  large  a  numerical  proportion  of  horses  to  the  popula- 
tion, and  in  which  the  habits  of  the  people  are  so  little  eques- 
trian, as  the  States  to  the  north  and  east  of  Mason  and  Dixon's 
line. 

In  a  day's  journey  through  any  of  the  rural  districts,  ono 
will  meet,  beyond  a  doubt,  a  hundred  persons  travelling  in  light 
wagons,  sulkies,  or  chaises,  for  five — I  hardly  think  I  should 
err,  if  I  were  to  say  for  one — on  horseback. 

And  this  unquestionably  is  the  cause  of  the  decline,  or  ra- 
ther the  extinction,  of  the  pacer. 

For,  although  there  have  been,  since  my  own  recollection, 
pacing  horses  in  this  section  of  tlie  country,  professedly  from 
Rhode  Island,  and  called  by  names  implying  a  Narragansett  ori- 
gin, and  although  it  may  well  be  that  they  Avero  from  that  re- 
gion, and  possibly  from  that  blood,  in  a  remote  degree,  they  did 
not  pace  naturally,  because  they  were  Narragansett  Pacere,  but 
were  called  Narragansett  Pacers  because,  coming  somewhere 
from  that  region  of  country,  they  paced  by  accident — as  many 
chance  horses  do — or,  in  some  instances,  had  been  taught  to 
pace. 

It  is  a  matter  of  real  regret  that  this  family  has  entirely  dis- 
appeared, and  I  presume  without  any  prospect  or  hope  of  its  re- 
suscitation. In  England,  notwithstanding  what  Mr.  Hazard 
states,  in  the  note  I  have  quoted  above,  concerning  the  impor- 
tation of  these  pacers,  under  the  name  of  Spanish  jennets,  I 
never  saw  or  heard  tell,  having  been  among  horses  and  horse- 
men since  my  earliest  childhood,  of  any  such  race  of  ladies'  rid- 
ing horses ;  nor  have  I  ever  read,  to  the  best  of  my  memory, 


THE   LABT   OF  THE   MOmOANS. 


78 


of  pacers,  la  satire,  pooin,  or  romance,  as  a  feature  of  feininino 
luxury. 

In  Andalusia  and  Spain  generally,  I  have  no  knowledge  of 
a  breed  of  horses  to  wliieli  that  gait  is  native  and  chanicteristie ; 
and  if  it  were  ko,  all  the  English  military  and  nuiny  of  my  own 
friends  and  relations,  in  my  younger  days,  being  thoroughly 
familiarized  to  all  the  Spanish  provinces  during  the  course  of 
the  Peninsular  oanjpaigns,  I  could  hardly  have  been  ignorant  of 
the  fact.  IJeyond  which,  I  well  reinend)er  the  cpiestion  being 
mooted  as  to  the  acttuil  reality  of  natumlpacerH^  when,  by  the 
mention  of  this  particular  breed  of  Narragansetts  by  Mr.  Cooper, 
in  his  "Last  of  the  Mohicans,"  they  were  first  introduced  to  the 
English  horseman. 

It  would  almost  appear  that  various  species  of  domestic 
animals  have  their  own  all(»tted  period  of  existence  contempo- 
raneous with  the  dates  of  their  greatest  utility ;  and  that  when 
the  requirement  has  ceased  to  exist,  the  race  itself  speedily 
passes  away.  For  it  wouhl  seem  to  require  further  causes  than 
the  mere  cessation  of  care  in  ])reserviiig  any  given  species  to 
produce,  in  so  short  a  space,  the  total  extinction  of  n  family,  as 
lias  been  the  case  within  the  memory  of  man  with  several 
varieties,  both  of  the  dog  and  the  horse. 

f  )f  the  latter  I  may  instance  the  true  Scottish  galloway  and 
the  Narragansett  pacer,  which  it  would  seem  have  some  claims 
to  be  considered  pure  races,  besides  several  of  the  coarser  breeds 
already  noticed — the  former  two  entirely,  the  others  nearly, 
obliterated  from  the  list  of  horses  now  in  use,  or  even  in  being. 

Of  the  former,  the  pure  Talbot  bloodhound,  the  great  Irish 
wolf-dog,  the  genuine  rough-haired  Highland  deer-hound,  and 
the  old  English  mastiff,  not  crossed  with  bid!,  do  not,  it  is 
believed,  exist  at  all  in  their  original  purity ;  yet  on  many  of 
these  much  care  has  been  expended,  in  the  hope  of  perpetuating 
their  breeds ;  and  efforts  have  been  made  to  reproduce  them 
by  a  course  of  artificial  breeding. 

At  all  events,  even  if  it  were  possible,  as  I  am  satisfied  it  is 
not,  to  recreate  these  varieties  of  the  horse,  the  attempt  is  not 
likely  to  be  made,  for  the  age  of  long  journeys  on  horseback,  or 
in  private  vehicles,  has  passed  away  for  ever  in  the  civilized 
countries  of  the  world ;  and  for  riding  horses  of  mere  pleasure, 


-     MJMMI-ikJWiitl 


u 


TIIR   nORSE. 


Bpoed,  Ktjio,  l)oaiity,  hlood,  and  action,  not  nn  cnsy  gnit  and  the 
nmintoMiuKU!  of  n  hIow  pnco  for  nmny  succcHHive  hours  or  duys, 
aro  the  dt«Hi(U'rnta  at  the  prortent  time. 

Witli  tho  Narrn^'anwrt  paci-r  I  (-1)80  my  ncconnt  of  tho  dis- 
tinctive families  of  tho  Aiiioricau  hurso. 

I  cannot  bo  hronght  to  boliovo  that  what  is  caIU'(l  tho  Mor- 
gan horso  IS  in  any  truo  senso  of  tho  word  a  family  ;  or,  in  phiin 
English,  tluit  tho  qnalitios  attributed,  and  jtrobably  attribnt»>d 
with  truth,  to  tho  very  useful  Mtii/nj)  of  horse,  known  under  tluit 
name,  aro  derived  from  any  ono  peculiar  strain  of  blood,  still  less 
from  any  one  particular  individual. 

That  ono  stallion,  himself  not  a  thoroughbred— or  oven  if  lio 
had  been  a  thoroughbred,  which  is  scarcely  claimod  for  tho  Justin 
Morgan— shoidd  bo  tho  i)rogenitor,  to  the  sixth  generation,  of 
Btallions,  all  out  of  inferior  marcs,  or  at  best,  nwires  of  their  own 
precise  strain  of  blood,  possessing  and  transmitting  tho  saino 
qualities  of  excellence,  year  after  year,  is  an  anomaly  unheard 
of,  a  prctonco  which  has  never  been  elsewhere  put  forward,  and 
one  may  say,  founding  tho  dlotuin  on  tho  oxporionco  of  all  time, 
a  physiological  impossibility. 

In  anf)thor  jtlace  I  shall  consider  tho  Morgan  horse  at  sonio 
length  ;  for  I  admit  that  tho  animals  so  called  have  their  merits  ; 
and  then  I  shall  endeavour  to  show  what  they  aro,  and  what  thoy 
aro  not ;  but  I  cannot  admit  them  to  be  a  distinct,  or  oven  a  new 
family  ;  nor  can  I  recommend  the  use  of  stallions  of  that  blood 
for  mares  of  tho  same  type,  and  still  less  for  mares  of  higher 
blood,  with  a  view  to  propagating  animals  of  tho  like  speed, 
finish  or  courage. 

From  inferior  mares  such  sires  will  unquestionably  produce 
offspring  superior  to  the  7narca,  but,  as  certainly,  inferior  to 
themselves  ;  since  of  whatever  blood  it  bo  that  gives  the  merit, 
the  offspring  must  have  one-half  loss  than  the  sire.  I  pass, 
therefore,  for  tho  present,  to  a  review  of  the  origin  and  present 
condition  of  tho  liorse  stock  of  several  of  tho  Western  States, 
which,  with  the  3ole  exception  of  Vermont,  are  becoming  daily 
more  and  more  the  great  hoi'se-breeding  regions  of  the  United 
States,  and  in  respect  of  numbers  such  without  exception. 

This  review  is  made  up  of  reports  by  most  intelligent  and 
competent  gontlomeu  in  the  several  States,  and  their  informatiou 


MOUOAN   AKD  BLACK   HAWK   STALMONS. 


78 


nrny  bo  doubtlcBS  roccivtul  as  authority.  It  will  bo  booh,  that 
not  II  few  ofthcKO  <h)ubt  or  »h'|»r('cato  tlio  uhii  of  tliii  Morgan  aii<l 
J'hick  Hawk  HtallidtiH,  to  tlic  (IIhuho  of  thoroughbredrt,  and  aro 
painfully  Konniblo  of  tin-  fact,  that  willi  tlio  (Icclinc  of  liorHo-raoiiig 
proper,  tho  raco  of  horsoa  iniiHt  uIho  duclino.  Whereof  I  havo 
much  more  to  say  hereafter 


THE  IIOESE  STOCK 

OF    OHIO    AND    THE    WEST. 

In  tlie  early  Bettlement  of  the  Ohio,whicli  ^\  as  commenced  near 
tlie  close  of  the  last  century  and  in  the  beginning  of  the 
present,  the  original  horse-stock,  like  the  people  themselves, 
came  from  divers  quarters — by  far  the  larger  portion  from 
Virginia  and  Peimsylvania,  while  many  of  the  settlers  of  the 
northern  counties,  known  as  the  "  Connecticut  Western  Reserve," 
were  from  Connecticut  and  Massachusetts,  and  the  Kew  Eng- 
land States,  and  also  from  New  York. 

The  settlement  of  Ohio  forms  a  distinct  epoch  in  the  history 
of  American  emigration,  as  previously  had  done  the  settlement 
of  the  *'  Holland  Purchase  "  and  "  Genesee  Country  "  in  New 
York,  by  emigrants  from  the  north  of  New  England.  The 
settlement  of  Ohio  was  the  second  great  wave  of  Eastern  emi- 
gration towards  the  West,  as  that  had  been  the  first,  and  then 
there  was  a  comparative  lull  until  the  tide  set  for  Michigan, 
about  the  period  of  1827. 

Thus  in  writing  the  history  of  the  liorse  in  the  West,  we 
must  first  name  the  origin  of  the  men  and  the  time  of  their 
most  rapid  immigration,  in  order  to  get  a  correct  clue  to  their 
inseparable  and  most  useful  companion — the  Horse.  From 
1815  to  1820  was  the  greatest  tide  of  the  New  England  immi- 
gration, while  that  from  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia  to  Central 
and  Northern  Ohio,  was  some  yeare  earlier,  by  whicli  means 
the  type  of  the  original  horse  stock  of  the  State  was  more 


zim.-f'rm?mmi^^mii,nmm,i^i^i»iii3mi^^ 


OKIOIN  OF  THE  OHIO   STOCK. 


n 


geucrally  fixed  by  the  heavy  Flemish  bloods  of  the  Dutch 
farmers  from  Pennsylvania,  and  the  lighter  and  better  bred 
descendants  of  the  cavaliers  from  Virginia.  Meanwhile  Ken- 
tucky had  got  in  advance  of  Ohio  in  blood  horses,  and  many 
drafts  were  made  upon  that  gallant  State,  which  resulted  in  the 
diffusion  of  some  of  the  best  blood,  which  now  imderlies  what 
are  called  the  native  stock  of  Ohio.*  And  as  from  this  as  a 
centre  have  gone  forth  the  recent  tides  of  emigration  westward, 
the  original  type  of  the  horses  of  Ohio  has  been  diffused  all 
over  the  great  West,  and  forms  the  basis,  which  until  quite 
recently  had  not  been  disturbed  or  improved  by  the  admixture 
of  any  better  blood,  and  I  am  sorry  to  say,  of  any  better  style  of 
breeding.  For  it  is  a  notorious  fact,  that  most  of  the  early 
settlers  had  no  just  appreciation  of  the  superiority  of  a  well-bred 
horse  over  any  animal  called  by  that  name,  even  though  as 
ungaiidy  as  a  kangaroo,  and  bred  downwards  until  they  had 
as  little  heart  and  loin  as  a  newly  dropped  merino  lamb. 

Having  thus  briefly  sketched  the  origin  and  identity  of  the 
men  and  horees  of  this  Trans- AUeghanian  region,  which  gave 
tone  to  a  breadth  of  a  thousand  miles,  I  will  now  proceed  to 
particulai-s,  in  which  it  will  not  be  necessary  to  include  special 
pedigrees,  as  this  stock  is  sprung  from  notable  animals  whose 
origin  and  performances  are  noted  elsewhere  in  this  work. 

Of  the  blood  stock  first  brought  to  the  Scioto  Valley  region, 
were  several  mares  introduced  from  the  south  branch  of  the 
Potomac,  Va.,  by  John  I.  Van  Meter,  and  later  the  stallion 
"  Spread  Eagle,"  from  the  same  region,  bred  by  Abel  Seymour, 
and  a  close  descendant  of  Gen.  Cocke's  "  Spread  Eagle,"  of 
Surry  Co.,  Va.,  which  was  foaled  in  1802,  got  by  imported 
"  Spread  Eagle,"  running  back  through  Moreton's  "  Traveller," 
to  a  Spanish  mare.  The  stock  of  this  stallion  seems  to  have 
been  most  diffused  and  esteemed,  of  any  single  horse's  ever 
brought  to  southern  Ohio.  He  was  afterward  owned  by  Felix 
Kenick,  of  Chillicothe,  and  after  farther  service  in  Ohio  was 
taken  back  to  Hardin  Co.,  Va.,  on  account  of  the  popularity  of 
his  stock  in  that  region,  where  he  died,  upon  the  common,  at  an 
advanced  age.  Most  of  the  blood  stock  of  this  region  runs  back 
more  or  less  to  Sir  Archy. 

From  the  same  quarter  came  a  few  of  the  "  Diomed"  stock, 
*  See  Note  l,p.  87. 


f'fJ-.WWv^S-.wai 


18 


THE  HORSE. 


principally  esteemed  as  saddle  horses.  In  the  adjoining  vicinity 
of  Fairfield  Co.,  was  introduced  the  horse,  known  as  "  Printer," 
a  longish  bodied,  low  and  very  muscular  animal,  a  breed  which 
old  Mr.  Van  Meter  says  lie  knew  when  a  boy  in  Virginia,  and 
wliich  he  says  are  nearly  identical  with  the  present  Morgan 
stock.  Many  of  these  animals  were  excellent  quarter  nags — 
good  in  a  sliort  race,  but  with  too  little  bone  fm*  the  muscle. 
The  oldest  stallion  of  this  strain  in  the  country  is  now  owned 
near  Lancaster,  Ohio,  and  has  won  many  a  small  purse  in  scrub 
races.* 

ISext  to  this  portion  of  the  Sciota  Valley,  another  point 
of  introduction,  as  contributing  largely  to  fixing  the  style  of 
the  early  horses  in  Ohio,  was  tliat  part  of  eastern  Ohio,  about 
Steabenville,  in  the  vicinity  of  Wheeling,  Va.,  and  south-west- 
ern Pennsylvania;  and  the  horses  brought  in  from  those  States 
liave  been  of  far  greater  variety  in  style.  The  first  to  be  noticed, 
was  a  large  French  draught-horse,  called  "  Salisbury,"  from  tlie 
uame  of  his  owner,  which  bred  well  upon  the  heavy  Flemish  and 
Conestoga  mares  of  the  Pennsylvania  wagoners,  who  in  tliat 
day  did  the  principal  carrying  business  into  Ohio  from  the  east- 
ern cities. 

Another  famous  stallion  of  this  region,  was  "  Shylock,"  of 
medium  size  and  a  good  roadster.  "Pirate,"  by  Maryland 
"  Potomac,"  was  a  smaller  sized  horse,  and  belonged  to  the 
class  of  running  stock.  "  Chilton  "  was  another  favorite  of  the 
"  Childers "  strain.  Then  came  a  class  of  liorses  which  were 
diffused  all  over  eastern  Ohio  and  Avestern  Virginia,  whose  popu- 
larity even  at  this  day  is  second  to  none.  Tliey  are  the  "  Tuck- 
ahoe,"  tlie  "  Hiatoga,"  and  the  "  Timoleon."  These  are  well 
knit,  lively  and  serviceable  horses.  Most  of  the  good  mares  in 
eastern  Ohio  are  based  upon  "  Consul "  blood  ;  the  "  Eclipse  " 
stock  is  also  considerably  interwoven,  and  the  kindred  of  "  Sir 
Archy  "  and  "  Duroc." 

In  northern  Ohio,  which  received  the  immigration  from  the 
Ncrth-eastern  States,  the  horse  stock  was  quite  miscellaneous, 
and  showed  more  ill-breeding  than  in  the  two  sections  before 
noted.  They  seemed  to  be,  in  too  many  cases,  the  worat  scrub 
breeding  from  run-out  English  and  Flemish  mares,  showing  a 
great  number  of  narrow-chested,  leggy,  pale,  dun  and  sorrel 

»  See  Note  2,  p.  87. 


HORSE   6T0CK  OF  oniO. 


79 


animals,  without  constitution  or  action.  Many  of  tho  first 
settlers  brought  tolerably  good  teams  with  them,  but  for  want 
of  suitable  stallions,  the  race  was  not  kept  up. 

This  is  a  brief  and  general  view  of  the  horse  stock  of  Ohio 
as  late  as  the  year  1835,  when  the  great  speculative  movements 
of  emigration  from  the  East  and  immigration  to  the  West,  set  the 
world  crazy  to  make  money ;  and,  in  the  upheaving  of  business, 
farm-stock  took  a  rise  with  the  rest.  Hitherto,  a  few  of  tho 
best  horses  had  been  annually  culled  out  and  taken  to  eastern 
markets ;  and,  as  prices  were  not  sufficient  to  stimulate  to  im- 
provement, this  hud  the  effect  to  sink  the  general  character  ot 
the  stock  by  the  early  removal  of  the  best  specimens  for 
breeding. 

About  the  year  1840,  the  Bellfounder  stallion,  raised  by 
T.  T.  Kissam,  of  New  York  City,  foabd  in  1832,  was  sent  to 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  by  Lewis  F.  Allen,  whence  he  was  shortly 
taken  to  south-western  Ohio,  where  he  stood  two  years. 
Thence  he  was  taken  to  central  Ohio,  where  he  stood  long 
enough  to  show  the  superiority  of  his  stock,  and  in  the  mean 
time  the  stock  in  the  south-west,  had  shown  such  excellence, 
that  he  was  repurchased  at  $1,000  to  return  to  Butler  Co., 
where  he  now  remains  in  a  green  old  age.  This  stock  has  proved 
capital  for  roadsters,  and  forma  the  best  of  the  carriage  and 
light  harness  stock  in  central  Ohio. 

Before  this  time,  the  stallion  known  as  "  Kentucky  Whip," 
was  brought  to  the  Sciota  Valley,  where  he  has  left  a  fine 
progeny,  and  died  at  an  advanced  age.  In  the  same  region, 
was  also  introduced  from  Kentuc  y  some  Bertrand  stock,  which 
did  not  however  become  permanently  popular.  And  soon  after- 
ward, the  fast  boys  of  that  regi'  i  brought  out  some  of  the 
Boston  stock,  which  is  very  apt  to  turn  up  at  this  day,  where 
tJiere  is  a  call  for  something  lively. 

Gov.  Allen  Trimble,  of  Highland  Co.,  at  the  time  of  which 
we  are  speaking,  was  propagating  the  Eclipse  stock  in  great 
purity,  and  thus  introduced  a  class  of  stylish  carriage  horses, 
which  were  soon  after  still  increased  by  the  bringing  into 
Warren  Co.  of  "Iron's  Cadmus."  the  sire  of  *he  famous  mare 
"Pocahontas,"  and  also  of  the"  Walker  Cadmus,"  iiow  owned  near 
Wheeling,  Ya."  Of  this,  or  a  more  lofty  style,  was  another  con- 

•  See  Note  8,  p.  87. 


so 


THE   H0K8E. 


t/ilnition  in  the  "  Clay  Trustee,"  sired  by  imported  "  Trustee," 
foaled  1S45,  and  raised  by  the  late  Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky, 
and  brought  to  Ohio  by  John  Van  Pearse,  of  Lancaster. 

In  the  year  1847,  Messrs.  Wm.  II,  and  Jas.  D.  Ladd,  of 
Jefferson  Co.,  Ohio,  near  Steubenville,  brought  from  Vermont 
an  excellent  Morgan  biallion,  "  Morgan  Tiger,"  sired  by  David 
Hill's  "Black  Hawk,"  and  out  of  a  Sherman  Morgan  mare. 
AVith  the  exception  of  a  Bulrush  Morgan  stallion,  introduced 
into  Trumbull  Co.  by  N.  E.  Austin,  this  was  probably  the  first 
of  the  Morgan  stock  brought  west  for  breeding  purposes. 
Morgan  Tiger  stood  in  Jefferson  County  until  the  season  of 
1851,  when  he  was  accidentally  disabled  and  killed.  His  stock 
has  proved  among  the  best  of  tliat  famous  race,  embrroing 
about  a  hundred  and  fifty  colts,  which  have  mostly  been  gold  at 
high  prices  and  taken  farther  west.  On  the  heels  of  this  popu- 
larity, the  introduction  of  Morgan  and  Black  Hawk  stallions  to 
the  Avest  has  been  rapid,  until  there  is  hardly  a  district  where 
they  are  not  to  be  found,  though  many  of  them  are  only  distant 
relations  of  the  famous  individuals  of  that  breed. 

The  prejudices  of  many  farmers  are  in  f  ■  /or  of  a  larger  style 
of  hoi-ses  than  the  Morgans,  which  has  led  to  the  importation  of 
several  animals,  among  which  are  two  Normandy  stallions,  one 
in  Pickaway  Co.,  and  the  other  in  Union,  which  by  judicious 
crossing  upon  the  best  of  the  Fliemish  mares,  produces  a  fine 
large  draught  stock.  Other  gentlemen,  desiring  to  keep  up  high 
style,  have  brought  in  several  famous  old  stallion?,  chief  of 
wliich  are  impf>rted  "Monarch,"  owned  by  Eeber  :  ''utz,  of 
Fairfield  Co.  "  Grey  Eagle,"  brought  fi-om  Iventuckv  i  .  Messi-s. 
Smith,  of  Richland,  and  "  Bush  Messenger,"  from  Maine,  by 
Messrs.  Ladd,  of  Jefferson  Co.  The  Sciota  Valley  Horse  Com- 
pany have  also  the  imported  "  White  Hall,"  stand'ng  in  Boss 
and  Jackson  Counties,  and  the  Butler  Co.  Horse  Company  have 
"  Gray  Highlander  "  and  "  Victor  "  from  Kentucky.  In  north- 
ern Ohio,  besides  the  noted  Morgans,  "  Onderdonk,"  "  Napo- 
leon," "  Flying  Cloud,"  Eastman's  "  Green  Mountain,"  &c.,  the 
trotting  stallion,  "  Kennebec,"  in  Trumbull  Co.,  is  owned  ])y 
L,  Pelton,  and  the  half  Arabian  "  Hassan,"  got  by  the  stallion 
wlr',  J',  the  Emperor  of  Morocco  presented  to  Pres-  Van  Buren, 
and  uwn^d  by  Chas.  Cornwell,  of  Salom,  Columbiana  Co. 


m 


'-■^iSfSX 


DIfiUSB  OF  THE   6ADDLB. 


81 


Tliis  summary  mention  of  individuals  embraces  only  a  few 
comparatively  of  the  best  representatives  of  the  horses  of  the 
west.  Many  others  of  like  strain  or  blood  are  equally  worthy 
of  mention,  but  it  is  not  necessary  at  this  time,  as  enough  has 
been  said  to  give  a  comprehensive  view  of  the  general  origin 
and  style  of  the  horses  of  Ohio,  and  consequently  of  the  States 
farther  west,  which  have  received  tlieir  stock  through  this 
channel. 

The  present  number  of  horses  in  Ohio,  as  returned  for  taxa- 
tion, is  about  600,000,  valued  at  $32,000,000.  Tlie  last  year 
has  shown  a  falling  off  in  the  number  of  horses  returned  in  the 
State,  but  the  present  continued  high  prices  must  induce  a  more 
numerous  propagation. 

With  the  advance  of  wealth  and  cultivation  in  the  country 
has  come  the  passion  for  fine  horses,  so  that  a  handsome  turn- 
out is  not  confined  to  the  gentlemen  of  the  towns  and  cities,  but 
the  farmers  themselves  delight  to  appear  in  public  with  as 
good  teams  and  carriages  as  the  most  fashionable  aristocrats  of 
the  land. 

Tlie  sports  of  the  turf  have  hardly  kept  up  their  ancient 
renown  in  Oliio  ;  trotting  matches  are  much  more  common  than 
races,  especially  since  the  introduction  of  the  Morgans.* 

The  Queen  City  Course,  at  Cincinnati,  the  Capital  City 
Couree,  at  Columbus ;  a  course  at  Monroeville,  in  Huron  Co. ; 
one  at  Hayesvillo,  in  Ashland  Co.,  and  others  more  or  less  in 
disuse,  are  what  remains  of  the  regular  stamping  grounds  of  the 
Jockey  Clubs.  In  place  of  these,  most  of  the  county  agricultural 
societies  have  well  graded  driving  rings,  to  which  the  boys  re- 
sort for  exercising  their  fast  stock. 

Aside  from  the  regular  exhibition  and  trial  of  horees  at  the 
agricultural  fairs,  it  is  becoming  quite  customary,  either  for  the 
society,  or  an  independent  one,  to  get  up  an  exclusive  horse 
show,  some  time  in  the  spring  or  fall,  where  liberal  premiums 
are  awarded,  and  decided  for  the  most  part  on  the  ground  of 
speed. 

The  general  introduction  of  carriages  had  nearly  done  away 
with  saddles,  except  in  the  most  sparsely  settled  parts  of  the 
country  and  with  drovers ;  and,  in  towns,  it  was  difficult  ever 
to  obtain  a  saddle  horse  at  a  livery  stable,  until  an  original  idea 

♦  See  Note  4,  p.  87. 
Vol.  II.— 6 


mmemtm 


89  THE  nORBK. 

was  developed  by  the  exhibition  of  ladies  riding  at  the  agricnl- 
tural  fairs,  which  has  grown  so  rapidly  into  public  favor  as  to 
have  become  an  institution  of  itself,  and  the  most  attractive 
feature  of  tlic  M-hole  exhibition. 

The  result  of  this  practice  has  been,  that  gentlemen  cavaliera 
beinff  ashamed  to  be  outdone  in  boldness  and  skill  in  the  saddle 
by  the  ladies,  have  taken  to  horse,  as  escorts  of  the  fair  riders; 
and  a  taste  for  horsemanship  once  created  and  the  facilities  of 
equipment  at  hand,  there  is  a  great  demand  for  saddle  horses, 
both  in  town  and  country,  and  many  of  the  best  nags  of  tliis 
class  are  in  the  hands  of  girls,  who  have  trained  them  to  an 
admirable  style  of  performance.  The  docility  and  obedience  of 
the  highest  Bpirited  horses  in  the  hands  of  a  resolute  woman  is 
truly  wonderful.  There  is  scarcely  a  courser  in  the  country 
that  will  not  yield  to  a  petticoat— even  old  Grey  Eagle,  that  had 
not  felt  the  saddle  for  years,  and  was  pronounced  by  his  owner 
impracticable,  bore  a  woman  proudly  upon  his  back  at  the  Ohio 
State  Fair  in  Cleveland,  in  1856.  And  the  fiery  Hassan  yields 
kindly  to  the  rein  of  his  mistre-s,  as  he  bears  her  over  the  field, 
like  the  wind,  with  his  wide  thin  nostrils,  flashing  eyes,  and  tail 
like  a  great  banner  in  the  bi'eeze. 

The  contagion  of  this  Btirring  example  of  petticoat  chivalry 
in  Ohio,  has  extended  itself  in  all  directions.*  Westward  to 
Iowa  and  Wisconsin,  the  ladies'  riding  has  become  the  feature 
of  the  agricultiu  i;  fairs.  Southward  to  Kentucky,  where  modish 
belles  iirst  received  the  idea  with  prudish  horror,  the  new  pas- 
sion has  become  fully  inaugurated  ;  and  eastward,  in  New  York, 
and  even  in  old  Puritan  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut,  in  this 
year  of  grace,  1856,  have  the  long  skirts  of  the  lady  equestrians 
fluttered  in  the  astonished  eyes  of  the  sons  and  daughtei-s  of  the 
pilgrims,  while  they — not  knowing  what  else  better  to  do— have 
looked  on  with  amazed  delight  and  finally  clapped  their  hands 
in  approbation  of  the  new  heresy.  The  petticoats  have  con- 
quered, as  they  always  do.     So  mote  it  be,  for  ever ! 

S.  D.  HAKRIS, 

Ohio  Cultivator. 

*  Equeatrian  exercises,  by  both  sexes,  have  been  time  out  of  mind  vory  cha^ 
acteristic  of  Kentuckians  and  the  Southern  States.— Ed. 


r 


THE  HORSE  STOCK 


OP     8  O  U  T  n  E  U  N     OHIO. 


Southern  Ohio  Lusatio  AiTWTM,  I 
Dattok,  March  iiSth,  18S6.        J 

Mb,  H.  W.  Heebeet. 

Dear  Sir,— My  time  is  so  much  employed,  that  I  find  it 
impossible  to  do  full  justice  to  your  request.  But  I  will  give 
you  my  own  recollection,  and  as  far  as  it  goes  you  can  rely  on 
it  as  authentic.  My  observation  goes  back  to  1825,  and  is  limited 
to  south-western  Ohio.  The  original  stock  of  horses  was  brought 
from  New  Jersey,  Long  Island,  Virginia  and  Maryland.  About 
1825  some  good  stallions  were  brought  into  Ohio,  but  we  have 
no  authentic  date  of  any  good  brood  mares  ha/ing  been  intro- 
duced. None  were  imported  from  England  with  undoubted 
pedigrees,  prior  to  1825. 

Among  the  early  importations  of  horses  from  the  old  States, 
the  first  exerting  a  decided  influence  upon  our  stock,  was  one 
Blossom  thoroughbred  stallion  from  New  Jersey,  by  Mr.  K. 
PhiUips.  In  1825,  Mr.  William  P.  Strader  brougiit  from  New 
Jersey  two  fine  stallions,  Defiance,  by  Ball's  Florizel,  out  of 
Miss  Dance;  she  by  Eoe  Buck,  &c.,  and  Flag  of  Truce  by  Sir 
Solomon.  About  the  same  time  several  stallions  were  brought 
from  Kentucky  into  western  Ohio.  They  were  by  Cook  & 
Blackburn's  Whip ;  he  by  imported  Whip. 

A  few  years  later,  about  1827,  a  fine  stallion,  by  imported 
Expedition,  was  brought  from  New  Jersey,  and  about  the  same 
time  the  Messenger  and  Imported  Diomed*  stock  were  also  intro- 


*  Messenger  was  foaled  1780,  died  1808,  aged  28  years. 
1777,  died  1807,  aged  30  years. 


Biomed  was  foaled 


84 


TRB   nORSB. 


duced.  TI1080  horflcfl  stood  in  ft  part  of  Warren  Comity  called 
the  "  Jersey  Settlement,"  and  their  influence  is  still  very  mark- 
ed in  horses  for  all  work.  The  farnierH  of  the  "  Jersey  Settle- 
ment" are  owners  of  the  best  stock  in  this  part  of  the  State. 

In  1829  or  1830,  Governors  Me  Arthur  and  Trumbull  brought 
from  Virginia  some  fine  thoroughbred  stoc'k,  descendants  of  old 
Sir  Archy  and  the  Medleys,  the  best  of  Virginia  blood.  With 
this  importation  was  a  lot  of  lino  brood  mares  and  the  stallion 
Tariff,  l)y  Sir  Archy,  out  of  Bet  Bounce;  she  by  imported  Sir 
Harry,  &c.  These  gentlemen,  McArthur  and  Trumbull,  estab- 
lished a  large  stock  farm  for  raising  thoroughbreds  in  Ross  Co., 
near  Chillicothe.  The  influence  of  that  importation  was  very 
great,  and  is  still  apparent  in  that  region. 

About  the  year  1831,  Mr.  M.  Beach  brought  from  New 
Jersey  and  Long  Island  several  fine  horses  and  brood  mares. 
Among  them,  the  Orphan  Boy  out  of  Maid  of  the  Oaks  by  im- 
ported Spread  Eagle,  «fec.  The  Admiral,  by  imported  Barefoot, 
and  several  fine  brood  mares  and  colts  from  the  stock  farm  of 
Messrs,  Bathgate  and  Purdy,  New  York.  These'  stallions, 
Orphan  Boy  and  Admiral,  stood  in  Hamilton,  Butler,  Warren 
and  Montgomery  Counties.  Their  influence  for  roadsters  and 
all  work  is  stdl  to  be  seen. 

About  the  same  time,  Mr.  David  Buchanan  introduced  some 
fine  thoroughbred  stock  from  Kentucky,  descendants  of  old  Sir 
Archy,  and  some  of  the  most  noted  of  his  get,  such  as  Ber- 
trand's,  Kosciusko's,  Whipster's,  Whip's,  Hambletonian's,  and 
Spread  Eagle's,  Their  influence  is  also  apparent  among  road- 
sters, hacks,  «fec. 

In  1832,  Mr,  John  Garner  brought  to  this  section  the  stal- 
lion Robert  Burns,  by  Stockholder,  standing  for  a  number  of 
years  in  this  and  adjoining  counties  south,  producing  a  very 
durable  stock.  Many  of  his  get,  however,  were  affected  with 
string-halt,  as  was  the  sire. 

In  the  same  year,  Mr.  Peter  Voorhees  brought  from  Ken- 
tucky a  brown  horse,  Friendly  Tiger,  descendant  of  Cook  & 
Blackburn's  Whip.  This  stock  for  "  all  work  "  had  no  superior, 
and  were  particularly  valuable  for  coach  horses. 

Cadmus,  ly  American  Eclipse,  out  of  Dii  Vernon,  she  by 
Ball's  Florizel ;  and  Washington,  by  Timoleon  out  of  Ariadne, 


i" 


^^PHPBS 


BLOOD   BTAL.LIONB. 


86 


bIio  by  importod  Citizen,  wore  imported  from  tho  old  Staten  in 
ISJJH.  WjiHhington  stood  in  l^uyton  two  seasons,  getting  some 
of  tlio  finest  sto(;i{  we  have. 

In  1831),  Capt.  Ililey's  imported  Uarb  horse  Mayz»d)e,  was 
brouf?ht  to  Oldo,  Some  of  his  get  were  very  durable,  tough. 
Lardy  horses,  as  fann  horses  and  roadsters. 

In  1840,  Civil  John  by  Tariff,  tho  son  of  Sir  Archy,  &c.,  out 
of  Mary  Uaxall  by  Ilaxall's  Motios,  &c.  Good  stock.  Also  a 
Mcdoc  horse  brought  from  Kentucky. 

In  1842  or  184;{,  Mr.  William  Y.  Barkalow,  of  Franklin,  War- 
ren Co.,  introduced  Com.  Stockton's  imported  horse  Langford, 
also  ten  or  twelve  tine  brood  mares  and  lillies,  and  established  a 
stock  farm  in  tho  "  Jersey  Settlement."  Among  the  mares, 
both  native  and  imported,  were  of  the  former  Miss  Mattie  and 
Caroline  by  Eclipse.^  These  were  of  the  best.  The  get  of 
Langford  and  Eclipse  mares  constitute  decidedly  the  best  cross 
wo  have,  all  large,  line,  good  tempered,  gentle  and  kind,  and  of 
the  most  durable.  We  have  at  present  very  few  well  authenti- 
cated pedigrees  of  brood  mares  in  western  Ohio ;  the  cause  is 
negligence,  very  little  attention  being  given  to  the  Register. 
Also  in  1842,  the  famous  old  horse  Bellfounder,  not  more  than 
a  half-bred,  if  that,  took  up  his  quarters  in  Butler  Co.  His  get 
are  large,  moderate  trotters,  looked  upon  as  good  coach  horses, 
of  early  maturity,  doing  their  best  at  4  and  5  years  and  old 
horses  at  7  and  8.  Also  the  half-bred  Archy  Lightfoot,  from 
Kentucky,  son  of  Archy  of  Transport ;  getting  fine,  large  coach 
horses,  early  maturity — bays  mostly — not  lasting. 

In  1845  and  1846,  two  fine  thoroughbred  Kentucky  horses, 
Gazan  and  Marco,  bred  by  Doctor  Warfield,  Lexington,  Ky., 
both  got  by  his  famous  horse  Sir  Leslie,  son  of  Sir  William  of 
Transport,  he  by  Sir  Archy,  made  three  or  four  seasons  in  south- 
west Ohio.  The  stock  is  stylish,  superior  quality ;  both  of  the 
horses  are  now  in  western  Illinois  and  are  greatly  prized  for  their 
produce. 

Young  Iron's  Cadmus  by  Cadmus,  he  by  Eclipse,  dam  by 
Sumpter,  son  of  Sir  Archy,  was  bred  in  Warren  Co. 

This  horse  is  the  sire  of  the  famous  pacing  mare  Pocahontas, 

*  Miss  Mattie  was  by  Sir  Archy,  and  was  the  dam  of  Caroline  by  American 
Eclipse. 


86 


TIIK   ItORAK. 


now  owiumI  on  Lonj?  Tsliind.  She  was  raiwd  in  this  region. 
Many  of  Young  CiKliniis's  got  aro  of  the  best  wo  have.  A  Htock 
farm  in  an  ailjoining  comity  has  Homo  lino  »to(!k,  some  of  them 
probably  tlioronghbrod,  btit  I  am  rtiabio  to  give  tlioir  podigreon. 

There  'm  n  Htook  farm  being  emtabliwhed  in  FairticM  Ooiinty, 
cast  of  us.  Tiicy  have  purcliased  of  Mr.  Lewis  (i.  Morris,  of 
Mount  Fordham,  N".  Y..  the  celebrated  imported  horse  Monarch, 
also  Fashion,  and  seme  others. 

A  trotting  stallion,  C'assiua  M.  Clay,  Jr.,  stood  in  Cincinnati 
in  1855,  but  I  know  nothing  of  his  stock  ;  lio  by  old  Cassias  M. 
('lay,  lie  by  Ifenry  (Jlay  by  Andrew  Jackson  by  Young  Bashaw, 
♦fee.  Dam  of  C.  M.  Clay,  Jr.,  by  old  Abdallah,  the  sire  of  Ilys- 
dyk's  llambletonian ;  grandam  by  Lawrence's  Eclij)sc ;  ho  by 
American  Eclipse.  Cassius  M.  Clay,  Jr.,  is  still  living,  the 
property  of  K.  S.  Strador  &  Co.  of  BuUctsvillo  stud  farm,  lioone 
Co.,  Ky. 

White  Hall,  a  Messenger  horse,  was  at  Chillicothc,  and  a 
horse  called  Highlander,  in  Eutler  Co.,  both  doubtful. 

There  has  been  recently  introduced  in  this  region  a  small, 
and  I  believe,  very  indifferent  Injrse,  claiming  to  come  from  Ver- 
inont,  and  by  the  famous  old  Justice  Morgan.  These  horses, 
Morgans  of  to-day,  all  that  I  have  seen  aro  very  unprepossessing. 
Square  shoulders,  short  body,  head  and  limbs,  scrubby,  not  suited 
for  anything — badly  gotten  up  and  bogus  stock  in  general. 

Road  horses  for  "  all  work  "  are  mostly  the  produce  of  early 
importations  from  the  old  States  of  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Maryland  and  Virginia.  The  very  best  are  the  descendants  of 
imp.  Messenger,  imp.  Diomed,  and  imp.  Expedition.  Draught 
horses  are  mostly  of  the  old  Pennsylvania  stock,  large  and  strong, 
built  something  like  an  elcpJiant  and  will  do  as  much  in  propor- 
tion. 

As  early  as  1825,  we  had  a  few  race  courses.  Annual  fall 
meetings  were  held  at  Cincinnati,  Chillicothe,  Dayton  and  Ham- 
ilton. The  number  of  race  courses  increased  considerably  up  to 
1838.  Since  then  the  races  have  been  published  in  the  old 
"  Spirit."  In  the  fall  of  1838,  the  Buckeye  Course,  near  Cincin- 
nati, was  established,  regular  meetings  were  held,  and  sport  fine. 
The  contending  horses,  mostly  from  Kentucky,  \  ore  Roanoke, 
Bertrand,  Archy,  Muckle  Johns,  Woodpeckers,  &c.     About  the 


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811 


RACE-COURSES    IN   OHIO. 


87 


same  time  the  Chillicothe  course  opened  anew ;  the  reports  were 
published,  which  can  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  old  "  Spirit." 
Tliere  were  at  that  time  about  15  regular  race  courses  in  the 
State.  Meetings  were  held  at  Columbus  and  Dayton  every  fall, 
and  racing  was  continued  over  these  courses  until  1846.  There 
Avere  also  some  additions  of  new  courses  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  State.  In  1846,  however,  it  all  died  away,  and  has  never 
been  revived. 

The  action  of  our  loise  Legislature  has  done  this ;  there  is 
not  a  single  course  in  Ohio,  where  regular  meetings  are  held  for 
turf  racing.  There  have  been  a  few  trotting  matches.  The 
Queen  City  Course  belongs  to  Ohio,  but  is  situated  in  Kentucky; 
it  is  the  only  show  we  have.  The  interest  that  was  becoming  so 
prominent  in  the  raising  of  Mood  stool',  has  subsided,  and  with 
that  of  course  oiir  stock  must  depreciate. 

In  the  eastern  and  north-eastern  part  of  the  State  there  have 
been  a  few  trotting  meetings,  but  I  can  say  nothing  about  them. 

I  regret  that  I  am  unable,  for  want  of  time,  to  send  you  a 
more  complete  history.     This  as  it  is,  I  most  cheerfully  fu'iiisb, 
and  wish  you  mucli  success  for  your  commendable  undertaking. 
Believe  me,  sir,  very  respectfully  yours, 

JOSHUA  CLEMENTS. 
To  II.  "W.  Herbert,  Newark,  N.  J. 

BDrrOKIAIi  NOTES. 

'  (P  77 )  The  great  West  has  been  supplied  from  Kentucky  and  Tennes- 
see for  the  post  fifteen  years,  which  has  tended  greatly  to  improve  the  stock. 
In  many  of  the  northwestern  States  large  breeding  farms  have  been  estab- 
lished.—Ed. 

»  (P.  78.)  Printer,  it  is  claimed,  was  by  Imp.  Janus,  out  of  a  thoroughbred 
mare  Nothing  is  known  positively  about  his  breeding.  He  came  to  Kentucky 
a  suckling  colt,  and  died  in  Kentucky  about  1835  or  '26.  His  stock  were  very 
speedy  for  a  quarter  or  half  mile. 

»  (P.  79.)  Cadmus,  son  of  Am.  Eclipse,  was  owned  in  Ohio ;  he  was  tl  a 
sire  of  Iron's  Cadmus. 

«  (P.  81.)  Since  this  was  written,  horse  racing  and  trotting  have  taken  a 
fresh  start  at  Cincinnati,  Columbus,  Chillicothe.  and  various  other  points  in  tha 
State. 


^:''it 


1^  r 


THE  HORSE  STOCK 

OF  MICHIGAN. 


Schoolcraft,  April  9th,  1858. 
Henry  "Wm.  Heebert,  Esq.,  Kewark,  N.  J. 

Dear  Sir, — I  have  delayed  Avriting  you  much  longer  than  I 
had  anticipated,  owing  to  not  having  received  some  letters  that 
I  considered  important.  Perhaps  those  to  whom  I  applied  ha\e 
thought  it  too  much  trouble  to  give  the  details  of  my  inquiry, 
therefore  I  am  obliged  to  answer  your  inquiries  much  less  per- 
fectly than  I  would  desire,  not  having  an  extensive  kxiowledge 
on  the  subject.  Some  of  my  own  views  I  will  set  forth,  and 
enclose  the  letters  of  a  few  other  gentlemen  for  your  perusal. 

The  original  stock  of  horses  in  this  State  may  be  considered 
what  we  call  the  Indian  pony — a  very  inferior  race  of  animals. 
Yet  occasionally  one,  in  the  hands  of  the  French  settlers  of 
ancient  date,  would  turn  out  an  exceedingly  fast  pacer,  or  per- 
haps fast  trotter,  but  not  to  equal  the  time  now  given  of  trotters 
of  character.  The  introduction  of  horses  from  the  States  of  New 
York  and  Vermont,  has  been  a  great  impro.ement;  those 
from  the  latter  State  have  been  of  recent  importation,  com- 
paratively speaking ;  they  are  of  the  Morgan  and  Black  Hawk 
stock,  now  becoming  quite  celebrated  as  roadsters  and  fast 
trotters.  At  an  early  day,  Gov.  Porter  introduced  some  fine 
blood  stock  from  Pennsylvania,  Lexington  and  Kippalo  as  stal- 
lions, n^e  pedigree  of  the  former  I  have  not.  Tlie  latter  were 
got  by  John  Richards,  he  hy  Sir  Archy.    I  had  one  of  the 


HORSE   STOCK   OF   MICHIGAN. 


89 


Kippalo  stock,  who  was  a  horse  of  great  bottom  as  a  traveller, 
and  a  hardy  work  horse,  but  rather  small.  "  Bay  Roman,"  kept 
in  our  State  for  several  years,  a  thoroughbred,  got  some  good 
colts,  but  too  small,  except  for  the  saddle ;  they  were  tough, 
durable  hoi-scs,  but  did  not  become  celebrated  in  consequence 
of  lack  of  size.  In  fact,  we  have  not  yet  had  a  thoroughbred 
here  that  has  produced  the  desirable  size  for  the  popular  uses  of 
this  State ;  yet  no  very  superior  horse  has  been  produced  that 
was  not  from  good  blood  of  pretty  high  grade. 

Some  of  the  stock  of  old  American  Eclipse  has  been  kept  in 
the  State,  and  these  prove  excellent  horses  for  business,  having 
fine  action  and  endurance.  I  have  had  two  stallions  of  that 
breed  myself,  one  a  son  of  the  old  horse,  the  other  a  great- 
grandson.  The  latter  was  called  Bucephalus,  and  was  the  most 
perfect  horse  that  I  ever  saw ;  nor  did  I  ever  hear  a  person  say 
that  they  had  ever  seen  a  horse  so  perfectly  beautiful.  He  was 
got  by  Eclipse  3d,  he  by  Long's  Eclipse,  and  he  by  American 
Eclipse.  The  dam  of  Bucephalus  was  got  by  Florizel.  Bucephalus 
was  a  horse  of  great  bottom,  and  could  run  his  mile  in  1.56, 
and  keep  it  up  for  four  miles.  He  was  taken  to  California  by 
my  son,  aitd  there  died  at  the  age  of  11  years.  I  have  five 
lilly  foals,  all  from  high  blood  mares,  they  are  not  only  fast  run- 
ners, but  are  excellent  trotters.  No  stock  of  horses  has  ever 
been  introduced  into  this  section  of  the  State  possessing  so  much 
bottom,  style  and  gaiety  as  th.  -.olts  from  Bucephalus,  yet  un- 
fortunately they  .re  too  small  for  high  prices  to  those  unacquaint- 
ed with  their  superior  qualities.  "  Post  Boy,"  by  Henry,  that 
matched  John  Bascombe  some  years  since  for  $20,000  a  side,  was 
brought  to  Lenawee  County  in  this  State,  some  four  years  since ; 
he  was  then  21  years  old.  What  his  success  has  been  as  a  stock 
horse  I  have  not  been  able  to  learn ;  but  if  put  to  good  mares 
must  undoubtedly  have  been  good.  He  is  a  very  superior  horse, 
of  good  size,  and  at  Long  Isla.  d  was  one  of  the  best  runners  ot 
his  day.  Tliere  are  many  good  horses  in  the  State  called  the 
Bacchus  stock,  got  by  Old  Bacchus  of  Ohio,  owned  by  Cone,  who 
was  shot  at  a  race-track,  a  noted  horse-racer  of  that  State. 
They  are  the  fastest  horses  for  short  races  that  have  ever  been 
in  our  State,  not  large  generally,  but  very  strong  and  muscular. 
I  have  the  largest  one,  a  stallion,  that  I  ever  saw,  full  16  hands 


•mmm»^ 


90 


THE   HORSE. 


liigh,  wcigliing  about  1,300,  ran  fast  for  his  size,  a  four-minuto 
trotter,  ami  tlie  best  farm-horse  that  I  ever  owned.     My  neigh- 
bor, Mr.  Armstrong,  owns  the  liorse  well-known  in  this  State  as 
John  IJiicchns,  as  good  a  half-mile  horse  as  I  ever  saw;  his  dam 
was   "Printer."     "Telegraph,"  owned  by  John  Hamilton,  of 
Flint,  Mich.,  is  a  full  brother  to  John  Bacchus,  and  said  to  bo 
equally  fast.     It  is  said  they  can  run  eighty  rods  in  23  seconds. 
I  cannot  vouch  for  that,  but  believe  it  to  be,  at  least,  very  nearly 
correct.    The  liacchus  horses  generally  are  road-horses,  draught- 
horses  and  running-horses  combined,  and  I  believe,  if  trained, 
will  make  fast  trotters.     Some  Morgan  horses  from  Vermont 
were  introduced  into  Kalamazoo  County  some  ten  years  since, 
line  in  their  style  and  action,  but  too  much  of  the  pony  order  to 
liave  been  a  real  benetit  to  the  country.     The  colts  were  small, 
except  where  crossed  to  very  large  mares.  Since  that  time  a  good 
many  have  been  brought  into  the  State  of  larger  size,  mostly 
from  the  IJlack  Hawk  part  of  the  family,  and  very  fine  trotters. 
some  (iuite  superior,  of  which  I  will  speak  again.    11.  R.  Andrews, 
Esq.,  of  Detroit,  and  Dr.  Jeifries,  of  Dexter,  Washtenaw,  have 
got  some  very  fine  stock  and  thoroughbreds.    "Bob  Letcher," » 
of  Lexington,  Ky.,  was  a  very  favorite  horse  of  theirs,  and  died 
last  summer ;  he  doubtless  will  leave  some  good  stock.    For  the 
balance  of  the  stock  and  performance,  I  refer  you  to  Dr.  Jeffries' 
letter  herewith  enclosed.   1  will  say,  however,  that  I  have  seen 
the  stock  of  Mr.  Andrews  and  Dr.  Jeffries,  and  consider  it  of  the 
most  superior  class  of  thoroughbreds— especially  Madeline ;  being 
very  fine,  and  above  16  hands  high,  and  every  way  well  pro- 
portioned.    I  believe  her,  in  reality,  the  best  blood  mare  that  1 
ever  saw.     Within  the  last  two  years,  a  number  of  very  superior 
trotting  horses  of  the  Black  Hawk  stock  have  been  brought  into 
the  State,  and   Coldwater,  Branch  Co.,  appears  to  have  the 
best.     Mr.  A.  C.  Fisk,  of  that  place,  has  been  the  importer  of 
three,  which  I  will  name.    The  first  horse  is  now  owned  by 
Messrs.  F.  \.  Smith  and  J.  B.  Crippen,  of  Coldwater,  called 
Green  Mountain  Black  Hawk  ;  he  was  got  by  Sherman  Black 
Hawk,  exhibited  at  the  National  Fair  at  Boston,  and  was  next 
to  Ethan  Allen  in  speed— 2.35.     Green  Mountain  Black  Hawk 
is  now  coming  6  years  old,  nearly  16  hands  high,  and  weighs 
in  good  condition  very  nearly  1,200,  and  can  trot  in  less  than 

*  See  Note  1,  p.  99. 


MORGANS    IN    MICHIGAN. 


91 


3  ininutca  considerably.  His  colts  are  very  fine  and  uniform  in 
tlioir  ajipearanco  ;  he  bids  fair  to  be  No.  1  of  this  State,  if  not  of 
the  nation.  The  next  importation  of  Mr.  Fiek,  was  Vermont 
Hero,  lialf-brotlier  to  the  above-mentioned  horse,  tlie  sire  beiii^ 
the  same ;  n  larger  horse,  and  i)erhaps  as  fast — but  this  is  not 
known,  they  never  having  been  tried  together— every  way  well 
formed,  but  does  not  show  quite  so  much  style  forward.  The 
third  importation  of  Mr.  Fisk  appears  to  be  his  favorite.  lie  is 
called  Black  Prince,  got  by  Old  Black  Hawk,  and  a  fast  trotter  ; 
a  little  smaller,  but  very  handsome.  Dr.  Hayes  notes  a  black 
horse  of  his  that  is  a  good  horse  ;  took  second  premium  at  our 
State  fair,  aiul  bids  fair  to  be  a  valuable  stock  horse.  William 
Johnston,  of  Marshall,  also  has  a  good  trotting  horse,  called 
"  Black  Tiger,"  of  some  Morgan  blood.  I  perhaps  have  said 
more  in  this  confused  manner,  than  can  be  well  understood.  I 
will  now  speak  of  some  of  the  horsemen  in  this  State,  and  their 
success.  Eben  Adams,  of  A  .rian,  perhaps,  stands  first  as  a 
horse-dealer,  to  make  it  pay.  He  matches  horses,  trains  trot- 
ters, and  sells  at  high  prices,  as  his  letter  will  show,  herewilh 
enclosed,  H.  R.  Andrews,  of  Detroit,  has  good  blood  stock, 
and  is  a  good  judge  of  horses  generally.  Di-.  Jeffries  also  is  a 
good  judge.  Dr.  Hayes,  of  Marshall,  is  one  of  the  best  trainers 
of  trotting  horses,  to  got  them  ready  for  market.  F.  V.  Smith, 
of  Coldwater,  has  a  peculiar  faculty  to  see  an  animal,  and  for  his 
practice  is  a  fi'-st-rate  horseman.  My  friend,  J.  Starkweather, 
of  Ypsilanti,  is  a  good  horseman,  trains  horses,  and  sells  at  high 
prices.  There  are  many  more  in  the  State,  too  many,  indeed,  to 
mention,  of  the  same  capacity.  Tliere  are  but  few  farmers  that 
hr<,ve  made  it  much  of  a  business  to  raise  horses,  and  as  a  gene- 
ral thing  we  have  bought  more  than  we  have  sold  ;  but  the  time 
has  now  come  when  great  attention  will  be  given  to  raising  fine 
trotting  horses.  Michigan  feels  capable  of  producing  as  good 
horses  as  Vermont,  by  breeding  frjm  the  Black  Hawks  and 
Morgans.  Tlie  thoroughbred  turf-horse  is  esteemed  very  highly 
by  some,  and  I  am  one  amongst  tlhi  number ;  but  I  think  to 
cross  them  with  the  Black  Hawk  stock  will  produce  the  best 
trotters.  I  have  been  a  breeder  of  blood  horses  myself,  perhaps 
more  extensively  than  any  one  in  the  State,  having  numbered 
as  high  as  48  at  one  time ;  am  now  reduced  down  to  12,  and  in- 


IP^^^SSMfiraSBSBMUBHRSSMa 


i^BSBlBMWPPr— 


02 


THE  UORSE. 


tend  to  make  tlie  blood  cattle  sometlimg  of  a  btisincss  hereafter, 
as  wt'll  urt  tine  horses. 

I  will  give  you  a  list  of  stallions  now  owned  and  kept  in  the 
State,  which  I  consider  very  superior  horses. 

"  Green  Mountain  Black  Hawk  "  will  be  six  jxjars  old  in 
July,  is  a  beautiful  golden  chestnut,  10  hands  high,  and  weighs 
over  1,100  lbs. ;  was  bred  in  Addison  Co.,  Vermont,  and  got  l)y 
Sherman  Black  Hawk — who  trotted  at  the  National  Show  in 
Boston,  last  fall,  in  2.35 — he  by  Hill's  Black  Fiwk,  who  was 
by  Sherman  Morgan;  ho  by  the  origin&l,  or  Justin  Morgan, 
by  True  Briton;  by  Moreton's  Traveller,  imported;  he  by 
the  celebrated  Croft's  Partner,  &c. ;  Justin  Morgan's  dam 
was  by  Diomed ;  he  by  the  Church  Horse;  he  by  im- 
ported Wild  Air.  Tlie  dam  of  Black  Hawk  was  a  large  black 
mare  from  Lofty  by  Wild  Air;  Grand  dam  Doll  by  Wild  Air; 
she  was  a  fast  trotter.  The  dam  of  Sherman  Morgan  was  im- 
ported, and  a  fast  trotter.  Sherman  Black  Hawk's  dam  was  from 
Messenger,  Leonidas,  and  Belifounder.  Tlie  dam  of  Green 
Mountain  Black  If'iwk  was  got  by  Glfford  Morgan ;  he  by 
Burbank,  who  was  tho  o:  iginal  or  Justin  Morgan ;  grand  dam, 
a  Morgan  mare,  supposed  to  be  by  Sherman  Morgan. 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  above  pedigree,  that  Green  Mountain 
Black  Hawk  possesses  tlie  orginal  Morgan  blood,  in  such  purity 
as  is  seldom  found  at  the  present  day,  and  descended  through 
two  of  his  best  sons,  "Sherman"  and  "  Burbank." 

II<^  combines  size,  stylo,  beauty,  speed  and  action,  in  perfec- 
tion— very  rarely  found  in  one  horse.  Among  his  ancestors  are 
numbered  the  best  trotting  stallions  ever  known.  He  can  trot  a 
iiiile  under  three  minutes. 

"  Vermont  Hero." — Black  ;  sired  by  the  same  horse ;  dam, 
a  Hamiltonian  mare  ;  fast  trotter  and  of  large  size ;  owned  by 
A.  C.  Fisk,  Coldwater. 

»  Black  Prince."— Black ;  got  by  Old  Black  Hawk  ;  fast 
trotter;  medium  size;  stands  at  $25  the  season;  owned  by 
A.  C.  Fisk,  Coldwater. 

•  This  pedigree  ■'s  given,  which  I  omit,  ia  all  erroneous.  Moreton's  Traveller 
vaa  by  Partner,  dam  v<<  bloody  Buttocks.    See  Catalogue  of  btallions. 


MORGAN   BTAI,LT0N8. 


dS 


«  Green  Mountain  Bey."— Livingston  Co.    Soo  Dr.  JcflFrles' 

letter. 

A  tivc-ycnr-old  colt  of  the  "  North  Horse,"  at  Lanaiiifx,  a 
very  fiuperior  horse  in  beauty,  stylo  and  action.  Name  of  owner 
and  horse  not  known. 

Mr.  Starkweather,  in  his  letter,  speaks  of  two  good  horsos  of 
that  breed  in  Washtenaw  Co.  I  have  heard,  from  a  diftorent 
source,  that  they  are  very  good. 

«  Billy  Boston."— Owned  by  H.  R.  Andrews,  Detroit,  and 
Dr.  Jeffries,  Dexter.     See  Dr.  J.'s  letter. 

"John  Bacchus."— Bay  ;  15^  hands  high  ;  very  muscular; 

fast  runner.     Sire,  Cone's  Old  Bacchuo.     Dam,  Old  Nell,  by 

Printer. 

"  Telegraph."— Full  brothe;- to  3ohn  Bacchus,  and  larger; 

fine  and  fast ;  owned  by  John  Hamilton,  Flint,  Mich. 

"  Black  Eaglo."— Black;  owned  by  Dr.  Hayes,  of  Marshall. 
See  his  letter,  good  trotte.  and  fine  horse. 

«  Black  Tiger."— Black  ;  good  size ;  pretty  fast  trotter ;  some 
Morgan  blood  ;  owned  by  Wm.  Johnson  Marshall. 

There  are  three  Morgan  horses  at  Kalamazoo,  brought  from 
Vermont,  good  travellers ;  medium  size  ;  owned  by  a  company 
and  individuals. 

"Old  Post  Boy."— Thoroughbred ;  chestnut;  by  Henry, 
he  by  Sir  Archy,  hifl  dam  by  Diomed,  grand  dam  by  Bel- Air, 
Postboy's  dam  ;  Garland  by  Duroc ;  grand  dam.  Young  Dam- 
sel ;  g.  g.  d.  Miller's  Damsel,  the  dam  of  Eclipse. 

"  Abdallah  Chief."— Sired  by  Old  Abdallah  ;  chestnut ;  a 
fast  trotter;  large,  being  16i  hands  high;  weighs  1,200  lbs. ;  a 
good  horse ;  owned  by  a  company.  In  charge  of  J.  Parish,  at 
the  race-course,  Detroit. 

At  D<:^troit  there  is  an  established  race-course,  which  has 
beeuke  L  under  the  direction,  principally,  of  Mr.  J.  Parish; 
6ome  ex  ;ellent  running  and  trotting  has  been  performed  there. 
At  Adrian  there  is  a  race-track,  more  for  the  purpose  of 
training  than  for  general  racing. 

At  Cold  water,  the  horsemen  have  a  private  race-track  to  train 
upon ;  no  public  racing  allowed,  but  occasionally  a  match  race 
or  trot. 


94 


TITB   nORSE. 


At  Kulaiiinzoo  tliero  is  n  raco-courso  of  two-thirds  of  a  milo, 
vritli  petty  races  occaHioiiulIy;  ko])t  mostly  for  tniiiiiiii!;. 

At  Marshall  there  was  one,  but  it  has  not  been  kept  up  for 
the  last  year;  also  ono 

At  Jackson,  wliich  has  shared  the  same  fate. 

Yours,  »fec.  &c., 

A.  Y.  MOOKK. 


Grand  Rapids,  February  29th,  1800. 

A.  Y.  MoouE,  Esq. 

JJear  Sir, — Your  favor  of  yesterday  is  received.  I  am 
Borry  that  I' can  impart  so  little  information  from  this  section  of 
our  State  which  will  ho  of  any  moment  to  Mr,  Herbert.  You 
arc  aware  that  wo  do  not  raise  any  thing  like  horses  enough 
liere  to  supply  the  local  demand.  Hundreds  of  horses  arc 
l)ro\ight  to  this  i)laoe  every  year  for  sale  from  Ohio,  Indiana, 
Illinois  and  southern  Michigan.  We  have  now  at  work  daily  in 
our  streets  two  Morgan  hoi-ses,  which  are  known  to  be  over 
30  years  old,  an<l  they  are  still  hale  and  vigorous.  They  were 
brought  from  Vermont.  Wo  have  also  several  Messenger 
horses,  which  were  brought  lierc  at  an  early  day,  and  although 
they  have  attained  a  great  ago,  they  still  retain  their  vigor,  and 
j)lainly  show  the  distinctive  characteristics  of  the  Messengers. 
Most  of  our  stallions  have  been  raised  liere,  although  wo  have  a 
few  which  have  been  brought  from  New  York  and  Ohio.  Wo 
have  no  thoroughbred  horses  in  this  part  of  tho  State,  and  but 
few  stallions  whose  owners  can  show  a  well  authenticated  pedi- 
gree. The  only  breed  of  horses  which  lay  claim  to  fleetness,  arc 
a  stock  known  by  the  name  of  Bay  Roman.  They  are  small, 
but  exceedingly  fine.  There  is  no  race-course  in  this  section  of 
our  State.  If  this  meagi'e  description  of  the  horses  in  our  sec- 
tion of  the  State  is  of  any  consequence,  it  is  cheerfully  given. 

W.  S.  H.  Pelton. 


Tpsilanti,  March  8,  1866. 

A.  Y.  Moore,  Esq. 

I  received  your  letter  of  the  28tli  February  on  Saturday,  and 
hasten  to  reply. 

In  that  portion  of  our  State  bordering  on  the  great  lakes  and 


OKKJrNAr,   STOCK. 


05 


rivers,  wliicli  was  oixrly  Hottloil  hy  tlie  Froncli,  tlic  Norninn,  or 
huttcr  known,  tlio  Fri'iich  horso,  was  tlio  tirHt  iiitn)«Iiu;(!(l.  By 
loii}^  lU'gli'ftiiij^  tluit  ju(lici(Mi8  tv)iir8i!  of  l)rei'(liii<^  which  in  a  sure 
guarantco  for  tlio  pt'Hoction  of  tliis  iiohlu  animal,  tliey  havo 
(logonoratod  into  u  niowt  iniHcrablo  form,  and  lowt  tho  typo  of  hit) 
ancient.  })rototypc — though  in  truth  may  it  Ixs  said,  that  lio  yet 
r)08K('8SCri  wonderful  powers  of  endurance  on  Hcanty  fare — and 
luive  proved  tliemselves  superior  to  our  English  liorseH,  for  jour- 
neying across  our  plains  to  the  Tacitic.  Iligli  grooming  adds  hut 
little  to  their  cpialities,  while  with  the  hetter  bred  horse  it  is  all- 
important,  and  nine  times  in  ten  proper  fitting  and  training  wins 
the  race.  It  is  desiiahlo  that  some  skilful  hand  should  yet 
awake  from  his  Rip  Van  Winkle  sleep,  and  cause  this  breed  of 
horses  to  take  a  more  prominent  position  in  the  family  of  his 
kind.  They  are  well  ada]>ted  for  most  kinds  of  farm  work,  ami 
possess  the  advantages  of  thorough  acclimatizing,  longevity, 
soundness  of  limb,  and  docility;  they  .re,  however,  below  tho 
medium  size,  wanting  of  action  and  of  that  gay  aj)])earanco 
which  fills  the  eye  of  the  connoisseur.  They  may  be  emphatically 
termed  the  poor  man's  horso,  and  are  hence,  if  hence  only,  u 
desirable  family. 

Our  best  breed  of  horses  in  this  county  formerly  came  from 
the  Middle  and  Eastern  States.  Occasionally  can  be  met  one 
that  shows  his  breeding  from  Messenger  all  over.  They  arc, 
however,  rare  ;  wo  almost  reverence  such  an  animal.  Tho  tales 
of  our  father,  now  no  more,  instinctively  rushes  in  memory,  con- 
corning  his  faithful  and  enduring  Megsenger,  while  a  soldier  in 
his  country'  service.  Never  will  our  hand  forget  to  imitate  his 
example,  in  showing  kind  and  gentle  treatment  to  this  noble 
animal.  The  Messenger  stock  has  indelibly  stam])ed  its  excel- 
lence on  most  of  our  first-class  horses ;  though  we  have  none 
here  that  can  show  their  pedigree  with  certainty.  Our  county 
also,  previous  to  the  introduction  of  the  blood  horses  owned 
by  Mr.  Andrews,  struck  out  of  the  list  of  premiums  this  class, 
simjdy  from  the  fact  that  none  could  show  reliable  pedigrees. 
Moreover,  the  animal's  appearance,  when  exhibited,  belied  the 
thoroughbred  parentage  claimed  by  his  owner.  Thus  it  ivill  be 
seen  that  our  horses  are  of  no  known  parentage  ;  yet  we  havo 
many  good  horses,  and  some  of  them  have  shown  speed.   "  Frank 


(EBPSSS^SSSf?? 


90 


THE   IIOKHK. 


Hays"  wn8  bred  in  tins  county.  "  8havo  Tail,  or  tlio  Ciiicinnnti 
Pet,"  wns  also  raiHod  iicrc,  fVoni  a  French  niaro  and  Ilaniiltoii's 
*'  Hickory,"  the  hitter  claiiiiiiij,'  thoroiif,')!  hlood,  hut  we  (l(>u})t 
it.  Nnthiu;;  irt  l<no\vii<it'  Kranl<  Ilayn'H  i»areiita<^e  ;  he  jHrnrtOHsed 
■w'oiidcrl'id  foot,  hut  wouhl  elioi<e  down,  cousccnu'ntly  wuh  not 
reliahle  on  the  turt".  Ohl  Hay  Koinan  was  owned  at  I'lynioufh, 
in  Wayiu!  county,  for  ten  or  twelve  years  ;  he  wiih  undoul)fo(]|y 
thorou^'hi)re(l,  Iwiviuf?  run  hi«  mile  in  Ichh  time  than  any  horse 
on  record  in  thii*  coinitry — so  sayn  the  Spirit  of  the  Times.*  Ah  u 
Btock-gctter,  he  was  inferior,  aiul  hut  few  caji  boast  of  itnprove- 
jneJit  by  usinj;  him,  many  of  his  colts  failinfjj  in  the  liiidw. 

The  most  noted  stallions  in  this  county  at  the  present  timo 
arc  those  claiminj,'  Hlack  Hawk  Morjran  as  their  sire.  (Jne  at  this 
place,  owned  by  Mr.  Tinnier,  can  trot  liis  mile  in  three  minutes, 
full  15J  hands  hif,'h,  and  weiphs  1100  pounds  in  medium  condi- 
tion, (tood  horse  judf^es  look  at  him  favorably,  and  freely  ex- 
press their  opinion  that  his  stock  will  he  an  improvement.  It 
must  be  admitted,  however,  that  such  opinions  are  not  always 
Bnre  indications  of  such  an  event.  It  is  one  thing  to  express 
ourselves  regarding  the  iniprovenuMit  of  the  horse;  it  is  quite 
another  thing — and  much  more  difficult — to  accomplish  the  task. 
There  is  also  one  owned  by  Mr.  Newland,  of  Ann  Arbor,  much 
similar  to  the  one  I  have  described,  and  a  full  size  larger;  they 
are,  doulitless,  as  represented  by  their  owners.  Besides,  there 
is  the  chestnut  stallion  owned  by  Mr.  Andrews  of  Detroit ;  ho 
is  now  in  the  possession  of  Doct.  Jeffries,  of  Dexter,  being  the 
only  animal  of  his  class  that  has  recently  come  under  my  ob- 
servation, which  I  think  worthy  of  special  notice.  There  arc 
no  other  horses  in  this  section,  I  know  of,  possessing  distinct 
characteristics,  except  those  named.  There  is  no  race-course  in 
this  county,  but  there  is  one  at  Adrian. 

Gov.  Porter,  while  Michigan  Territorial  Governor,  introduced 
several  thoroughbred  horses  from  the  South ;  but  this  worthy 
enterprise  proved  of  little  advantage,  in  consequence  of  the 
death  of  Gov.  Porter,  which  occurred  shortly  after  their  intro- 
duction. The  late  Thomas  Shelden,  Esq.,  regarded  them  with 
high  favor,  and  made  strenuous  efforts  to  have  farmers  cross 
them  on  our  common  mares.  Tliey  wore,  however,  viewed  with 
distrust  by  the  majority.   Tlius  his  efforts  were  of  no  permanent 

•  See  Note  2,  p.  99. 


CONSTEt.r-ATlON. 


w 


honolU.  A  jmi'tion  of  tho  stock  wore  taken  hnck  South  ;  tlioso 
retained  lu're  wero  I.exiii;j;ton  and  Kippalo,  tho  t'ornuT  a  hrowii 
horse,  the  hitter  ^rey.  Lexiiij^toii  producfMl  houio  exeelleiit 
market  liornes.  It  has  htu'^  bocti  my  opinion  that  an  int'uHion 
of  the  thoroii^'hhred  Knj^iisli  mcc-horso  hh)od  Ih  indispenHahUi 
to  the  perpetuity  of  lirrtt-elasw  hornes  in  thin  eountry,  even  for 
general  purposes;  and  it  is  to  ho  re^'rotte(I  tliat  so  htth'  skill  is 
manifested  in  tlio  Hcience  of  breedinj;  thein  lu're.  In  sheep- 
husl>an(hy  nnd  tlio  scienco  of  breeding  thoni,  wo  aro  n  nuiteh 
for  our  contemporaries  of  tlio  Old  World  ;  hut  when  wo  como 
to  horses,  neat  stoek,  and  swine,  W(>  aro  deliei«Mit.  Afany  elaiiii 
that  (tur  horses  aro  fully  e(iual,  in  the  aggregate,  to  those  of  any 
other  country.  This  nuiy  ho  so.  One  thing  is  certain — that  wo 
arc  at  a  loss  to  give  their  history  ;  hence  it  nuvy  ho  inferred  that 
their  excellenee  is  as  likely  to  he  the  residt  of  ehanee  as  of  skil- 
ful hreeding.  If  frequent  crossing  he  of  permanent  benefit,  wo 
aro  entitled  to  much  praise,  for  it  is  seldom  that  a  farmer  puta 
his  niaro  to  the  same  horso  tho  second  time. 
Y'oura  truly, 


Adrun,  March  3,  1860. 

A.  Y.  MooKK,  Esq. 

Sh'y — Yours  of  27th  Fehrnary  is  at  hand,  and  contents  no- 
ticed ;  hut  I  must  say  that  I  am  not  in  possession  of  tho  neces- 
sary information  to  assist  you  much  in  your  undertaking.  Still, 
I  might  say  wo  aro  much  in  want  of  blood  liorses  in  our  county. 
There  is  a  sorrel  horse  that  is  owned  by  a  Mi:  Bemas,  of  this 
county,  called  Constellation,  said  to  he  thoroughbred,  brought 
hero  last  spring  by  a  Mr.  Mason,  now  in  Detroit.  In  Cold 
Water,  Branch  County,  Mr.  A.  C.  Fisk  has  two  Black  Hawk 
stallions;  also  Frederick  Smith  has  a  nice  stalliim,  said  to  bo 
good  blooded.  I  have  n6  stallion  at  the  present  time.  I  have 
a  pair  of  bays  valued  at  $2000 ;  aleo  a  pair  of  hays,  $1500  ; 
also  a  pair  of  greys,  $1200  ;  also  a  pair  of  blacks,  $800  ;  also, 
some  half  dozen  nice  single  horses,  ranging  in  value  from  $250  to 
$000  a  piece.  I  sold  a  pair  of  bays  four  years  ago  to  S.  Douglas 
for  $1000  ;  also,  a  year  ago  last  December,  a  large  prime  jiair 
of  brown  geldings  to  N.  C.  Baldwin,  of  Cleveland,  for  $1200 ; 
Vol.  II.— 7 


82500 

1500 

450 

600 

(500 


98  THE  HORSE. 

also  this  last  fall  I  sold  a  gelding,  Chatauquo  Chief,  to  Mr 

James  Carlisle,  of  Toledo,  Ohio,  for        .        .        .        .     ' 

Also  Charley  Howard,  a  brown  gelding  trotter. 

Also  a  brown  trotting  gelding,  Dan.  Uarrett, 

Also  a  black  gelding  trotter,  called  Frank  Hubbard, 

And  a  brown  mare  trotter,  called  Olive  Rose, 

$5(550 
A  pretty  good  stable  of  speed,  all  of  which  can  spoil  three  min- 
utes in  liarness  on  che  trot. 

There  is  a  race  course  on  my  farm,  established  three  years 
ago,  called  the  Prairie  Trotting  Course,  which  has  and  is  doing 
very  much  to  improve  stock  of  horses  in  this  county. 

Yours  truly,  E.  Adams. 


Dexte?,  March  22,  1856. 

Andkew  Y.  Mooke,  Esq. 

Bear  Sit;— It  is  with  much  pleasure  that  I  comply  with 
your  request,  to  give  you  the  pedigree  and  performances  of  the 
ijlood  stock  owned  by  Mr.  li.  E.  Andrews  and  myself.  You 
must  excuse  Jie  delay  ;  it  was  in  consequence  of  my  absence  in 
the  northern  Avilds  of  Michigan. 

I  will  commence  with  Bob  Letcher.  Bob  Letcher,  b.  h.,  by 
Medoc,  tlam  by  Rattler.  The  only  race  of  Bob's  thit  I  have  a 
record  of  is  reported  in  Mason's  Stud  Book,  and  was  run  on  the 
Lexington  Course,  Kentucky,  May  26,  1S43  ;  three-mile  heats  ; 
time,  5.52—5.46—6.12—5.51.  His  time  in  other  races  can  be 
found  in  the  old  "  Spirit  of  the  Times."    Died  Nov.,  1855. 

Madeline,  s.  m.,  foaled  1849.  By  Boston,  dam  Magnolia,  by 
imp.  Glencoe,  owned  by  J.  M.  Clay,  Lexington,  Ky.  Time  on 
Ilamtramck  Course,  1853,  mile  heats,  best  three  in  five,  1.49— 
1.48—1.47.  Two  miles,  3.42^,  same  year.  Two  miles,  3.50— 
3.49,  1855. 

Hebe,  b.  m.,  foaled  in  1849.  By  Berthune,*  dam  sister  of 
Alice  Carneal,  the  dam  of  Lexington.  Time,  best  three  in  five, 
mile  heats,  on  Adrian  Course,  Michigan,  1.53 — 1.55 — 1.53— 
October,  IP "14. 

Dnva,  s.  m.,  foaled  1850.  By  Boston,  dam  Moonlight,  by 
imp.  Emancipation,  her  dam  the  dam  of  Donna  Maria. 

*  Berthane,  Alice  Carnoal  had  no  Bister.    Hebe  was  out  of  Marigold  by  Sir 
Leslie,  half  sister  to  Alice  Carneid. 


MU.  JEFFRIES'   STOCK. 


99 


Fiir}',  8,  in.,  foaled  March  4tli,  1851.  Bv  Altorf,  dam  by 
Imi>.  Stamboul,  g.  dam  by  Sumpter.  Tiirn  lost  three  in  five, 
mile  heats,  1.49—1.50—151. 

^Madeline,  Ilebe,  and  Dora,  are  in  foal  by  Bob  Letcher. 

liilly  Boston  was  got  by  Boston,  but  I  have  not  the  certificate 
of  his  pedig'.'eo  in  full.  It  was  given  to  the  commissioner  at  the 
State  Fair  in  1854.  anf',  not  returned.  I  will  write  to  Mr.  Bhick- 
burn,  of  Kentucky,  wlio  bred  him,  and  procure  his  pedigree, 
wliich  I  will  send  lo  you  as  soon  as  I  receive  it.  Boston  will 
stand  i'>r  mares  at  my  stable  the  coming  season.  T  consider  him 
the  best  horse  now  in  Michigan,  but  it  is  quite  unnecessary  for 
me  to  give  an  opinion  as  to  the  merits  of  a  horse  that  you  have 
seen.     You  being  a  much  better  jndge  than  myself. 

There  is  a-  very  good  horse  at  Ann  Arbor.  He  was  got  by 
old  Black  Hawk.  There  is  also  a  very  superior  Morgan  horao 
owned  by  an  association  of  gentlemen  of  Livingston  County. 
He  is  good  size,  fine  style,  and  superior  action.  He  is  called 
"  Green  Mountain  Boy  ;"  was  got  by  old  Green  Mountain  Boy ; 
he  by  Sherman  Morgan.  These  ai'e  the  only  horses  of  •superior 
merit  in  this  vicinity. 

If  you  wish  any  farther  j^articulars  regarding  my  stock,  or 
the  horses  in  this  vicinity,  I  shall  be  very  happy  to  furnish  any 
information  within  my  reach. 

Yours,  respectfully,  Ciias.  A.  jEFFRn:8. 


EDITOBIAIi   NOTES. 

'  (P.  90.)    Bob  Letcher  by  Medoc,  son  of  Ani.  Eclipse,  dam  by  Thornton's 
Rattler. 
*  (P.  96.)    Bay  Roman  has  no  turf  record,  and  never  ran  a  fuBt  heat  or  race. 


own, 


THE 

HORSE    STOCK    OF    IOWA. 

Secretary's  Office,  Mdscatine,  February  21,  1856. 

Mr.    IIl'.IiCEUT, 

Bear  Sir, — Your  favor  of  the  28tli  ult.,  addressed  to  the 
Secretary  of  our  State  Society,  reached  me  this  evening,  through 
the  politeness  of  Mr.  AVarden  of  Ottumna,  in  this  State,  to 
Avhoni  it  appears  to  liave  been  addressed. 

Your  enterprise  is  an  excellent  one,  and  permit  me  most 
heartily  to  -wish  you  entire  success.  Such  a  work  is  much 
needed. 

In  a  few  days  I  will  endeavor  to  give  you  all  the  informa- 
tion that  is  within  my  reach ;  but  it  Avill  necessarily  be  very 
meagre,  and  probably  unsatisfjxctory.  At  the  present  time,  I 
do  not  believe  there  is  a  thoroughbred  in  the  State,  and  it  is 
doubtful  whether  ever  there  was  one  in  the  State.  My  impres- 
sion is,  however,  that  as  eariy  as  1838-40,  one  man  brought 
Bome  three  or  four  stallions,  which  have  been  bred  with  com- 
mon maros  until  there  is  very  little  good  blood  perceptible. 

Within  the  last  two  years,  a  very  commendable  ambition  is 
prevalent  to  improve  this  noble  animal,  which  has  set  princi- 
pally in  the  direction  of  the  Vermont  Black  Hawks  and  Mor- 
gans.* 

I  take  the  liberty  of  enclosing  you  a  cut  of  a  horse  f  of  my 

•  Ethan  Allen,  owned  by  J.  II.  Walbce,  Muscatine,  Iowa.  By  old  Black  Hawk, 
he  by  Sherman  Morgan,  it  is  not  stated  whether  S.  M.  1  or  2.  Dam  by  Tippoo  Saib, 
he  by  old  Duroc — not  the  race-horse  Tippoo  Soib. 

f  This  cut  represents  a  very  fine  and  stylish  horse,  in  slow  action,  exhibiting 
ni  jst  of  the  points  which  are  claimed  as  peculiar  to  tho  Morgans — the  high  crest, 


IOWA   AGRICULTUEAL   SOCIETY. 


101 


own,  which  by  judges  is  said  to  bo  an  excellent  likeness,  except 
the  head,  wliich  is  too  low  to  represent  his  style,  and  not  just 
the  right  shape.  And— pardon  me  for  saying  so — ho  is  tho 
fastest  stallion  in  the  State.  He  has  never  been  trained,  but 
does  his  mile  in  2.50  very  nicely. 
You  will  hear  from  me  soon. 

Yours  truly,  J.  II.  Wallace, 

Sec.  Iowa  State  Agr.  Soo^y. 

P.  S. — I  also  enclose  you  a  slip  showing  the  action  of  our 
State  Society  on  tho  breed  of  horses.  J.  H.  W. 


\'J 


PROVE  THE  BREED  OF  YOUR  HORSES. 

Iowa  State  Aorichltcral  Society,  Secretary's  Office,  | 
Muscatine,  February  2,  1856.     f 

Mb.  Editor, 

The  Directors  of  the  Iowa  State  Agricultural  Society  at  the 
last  Annnal  Fair,  passed  the  following  resolutions  ;— 

^'■liesolved,  That  the  owners  of  stallions  in  this  State,  claiming 
either  that  their  horses  are  '  thoroughbred,'  or  belong  to  a  par- 
ticular distinguished  family  of  horses,  be  required  to  file  an 
authenticated  copy  of  their  pedigree— so  far  as  they  may  be 
able  to  obtain  it— with  the  Eecording  Secretary  of  the  Society. 

^'■Resolved,  Tliat  every  newspaper  in  the  State  favorable  to 
the  improvement  of  stock,  be  requested  to  publish  the  foregoing 
resolution." 

It  may  not  be  improper  to  remark,  that  the  action  of  the 
Directory  on  this  subject  was  had  with  a  view  to  correct  an  evil 
which,  it  is  feared,  exists  in  many  portions  ox  the  State.  It  is 
known  that  there  is  a  very  general  fever  for  the  introduction 
of  horses  of  the  Messenger,  the  Black  Hawk,  and  the  Morgan 
families.  This  arises  from  the  fact  that  good  specimens  of 
any  of  these  families,  as  well  as  some  others  not  enumerated, 
bring  enormous  prices  in  all  portions  of  the  country,  for  the 
pui-pose  of  improving  the  breed.  The  Directory  do  not  under- 
well-set-on  head,  powerful  chest  and  shoulders,  round  barrel,  and  deep  quarters. 
It  was  not,  however,  found  possible  to  add  a  cut  of  this  fine  and  showy  stallion  to 
our  list  of  illustrations,  for  reasons  above  stated. 


102 


THE   U0K8E. 


take  to  decide  whether  this  is  wise  or  unwise,  or  whether  these 
families  are  any  better  than  many  others  not  half  so  much 
talked  about.  Hut  it  is  feared  that  frauds  are  being  practised 
in  many  portions  of  the  State,  by  horses  beinjr  represented 
as  Messenger,*  when  there  is  not  a  drop  of  Messenger  blood 
in  their  veins ;  or  as  Black  Ilawk,  when  neither  old  Black 
Hawk,  nor  any  of  his  sons  or  grandsons,  ever  saw  their  dauis. 
It  is  no  difficult  matter,  if  a  horse  has  any  pedigree,  for  liis 
owner  to  procure  it  in  legal  form,  and  file  an  authenticated 
copy  of  it  at  my  office.  Then  when  a  Morgan  horse  goes  into  a 
neighborhood,  it  is  a  very  easy  matter  for  some  one  in  thai 
neighborhood  to  make  the  inquiry  of  me  whether  the  pedigree 
of  such  a  horse  is  in  my  office,  and  if  so,  Avhat  it  is.  And  it  will 
afford  me  great  pleasure  at  all  times  to  answer  such  interrog- 
atories. 

It  is  hoped,  therefore,  th;ii  all  persons  interested  in  the  im- 
provement of  this  noble  animal  will  give  the  necessary  attention 
to  the  above  resolutions. 

J.  II.  Wallace, 
liec.  Sec'y  Iowa  State  Agr.  Soo'y. 


i 


No  information  has  been  received  from  any  other  of  the 
Western  States,  although  all  means  have  been  taken  to  procure 
such  ;  but  it  appears  that,  in  fact,  nothing  is  definitively  known, 
no  registries  or  records  being  preserved,  and  pedigrees  but  little 
attended  to,  in  those  newly  settled  communities. 

In  Illinois  it  is  supposed  that  there  exists  a  considerable 
mixture  of  the  French  horse,  and  that  in  the  South-western 
States  some  Spanish  blood  may  yet  be  discovered.  There  has, 
however,  been  a  veiy  general  intermixture  of  all  breeds  and 
bloods;  and  it  is  improbable  that,  until  very  recently,  any 
horses  of  unquestionably  pure  blood  have  had  much  to  do  with 
the  general  stock  of  those  States,  the  nearest  approach  thereto 
being  in  all  probability  half-bred  stallions,  got  by  thorough- 
breds, for  the  production  of  carriage-horees  and  roadsters. 

It  is,  I  believe,  generally  from  the  horses  of  these  States  that 
the  cavalry  of  the  United  States  are  mounted ;  and  although  they 
are  not  supposed  to  be  any  thing  extraoi'dinary  in  point  of  blood 
or  speed,   it  is  understood,  that  in   making  long  continuous 

*  Imp.  Messenger  died  1808. 


CAVALRY   IIOB8E8. 


103 


marclies  of  many  weeks,  or  even  months'  duration,  insubsistinnj, 
without  material  deterioration  or  logs' of  condition,  on  sj^rassaU^ne, 
witliout  g-.-ain  or  dry  forage  of  any  kind,  and  in  oiuhiring  all 
inclemencies  of  weather,  hot  or  cold,  wet  or  dry,  picketed  in  the 
open  air,  they  are  not  to  be  surpassed,  if,  indeed,  they  can  be 
equalled,  l)y  any  cavalry  horses  in  the  world. 

What  they  would  do  in  a  single  charge  against  the  elite  of 
European  cavalries,  mounted  on  liorses  of  at  least  three  parts 
pure  blood,  is  very  doubtful;  since,  if  the  charge  be  made 
home  on  both  sides,  the  more  swiftly  moving  body,  of  any  thing 
like  equal  weight,  must  of  the  two  prevail — inasmuch  as  the 
iin])etus  of  any  moving  ])ower  is  necessarily  in  the  ratio  of  its 
weight  into  its  velocity — but  in  the  preservation  of  efficiency 
for  long  periods,  and  througli  more  severe  hardships,  unless  it 
be  the  Cossacks,  it  is  probable  that  no  cavalry  iu  existence  could 
compete  with  them. 

(Jn  this  head,  however,  before  closing  this  volume,  I  hope  to 
have  fuller  information  from  head-quarters. 

I  now  proceed,  not  without  some  delicacy,  but  without  the 
slightest  hesitation  or  distrust  of  the  correctness  of  my  opinion, 
to  the  consideration  of  a  branch  of  this  subject,  which  has,  of 
late  years,  created  much  excitement,  in  particular  quarters; 
and  which  has  been  debated  and  discussed,  as  is  too  much  the 
case  with  all  debatable  matters  in  our  excitable  community, 
with  an  eagerness  of  partisanship,  that  falls  but  little  short  of 
degenerating  into  personal  acrimony  and  recrimination. 

I  mean  the  stock,  type,  or  family,  of  horses,  as  they  claim 
to»be  considered,  generally  known  as  the  Morgans;  which,  it 
woidd  appear,  are,  in  the  eyes  of  some  persons,  in  the  Eastern 
States  more  especially,  the  only  horse  in  existence  which  pos- 
sesses any  merits ;  and  the  only  one  fit  for  real  service  on  the 
road,  or  in  the  stud. 

Fully  admitting  the  peculiar  excellencies  of  this  stamp  of 
horse  for  the  purposes  and  uses  to  which  ho  is  applicable,  yet 
by  no  means  going  to  the  extreme  length  of  its  ultra  advocates, 
I  proceed  to  give  my  views  of  its  origin,  present  condition,  and 
general  utility ;  as  well  as  of  the  mode  to  be  observed  in  main- 
taining the  character  of  this  typo  of  animal  undeteriorated. 
I  scarcely  expect  that  my  views  will  be  satisfactory  to  the 


104 


THE  nOBSE. 


exclusive  advocates  and  exclusive  admirers  of  the  Morgans' 
but  I  am  certain  that  they  are  founded  on  correct  and  Lccr- 
tained  i)rincii)lc's  of  luiture,  in  regard  to  tlie  breeding  of  ani- 
mals; and,  as  I  have  no  possible  interest,  pro  or  twi,'aiid  only 
desire  to  advance,  to  the  utmost,  by  all  means  within  iny  power, 
the  horse-interests  of  the  country,  I  put  forth  what  I  believe  to 
be  true,  iiduenced  by  neither  fear  nor  favor. 


. 


THE  MOKOAX   II0E8E. 

Recently  there  has  become  familiar  to  the  sporting  world  a 
class  or  type  of  horse  coming  f-om  the  State  of  Vermont,  known 
as  the  Morgan  horse  ;  and  siill  more  recently,  a  claim  has  been 
set  up  that  this  class  is  neither  more  nor  less  than  a  distinct 
family,  direcily  descended  from  a  single  horse,  owned  a  little 
before  and  a  little  after  the  commencement  of  the  present  cen- 
tury, by  Mr.  Justin  Morgan,  of  Tlandolph  in  Vermont,  a  school- 
master, and  teacher  of  writing  and  singing  in  the  ui-^trlct  schools 
of  that  region  of  country— from  whom  the  name  is  given  to  the 
family — as  it  is  pretended  to  be. 

In  this  place,  therefore,  it  is  convenient  to  refer  to  the  por- 
trait of  Ethan  Allen,  from  a  painting  executed  for  this  work 
from  life  by  Mr.  Attwood,  a  pupil  of  the  celebrated  animal 
painter  Ansdell,  who  is  spoken  of  as  the  probable  successor  to 
the  great  Landseer  in  this  peculiar  line. 

Ethai  Allen  I  ha^e  selected  as  the  type  of  the  Morgan 
horse,  just  as  I  clios'^  Young  Black  Hawk  as  the  representative 
of  the  highbred  trotting  horse— which  does  not  claim  its  excel- 
lence as  arising  from  any  exclusive  breed— not  because  I  assume 
to  decide  that  either  is  the  best  trotting  stallion,  or  is  better 
than  the  other,  or  than  any  other  or  others,  but  because  they 
are  beautiful  specimens  of  the  style  of  animals  to  which  they 
are  admitted,  without  dispute,  respectively  to  belong,  and 
strongly  exhibit  the  characteristics  of  their  respective  breeds. 

Ethan  Allen  was  got  by  the  Morgan  Black  Hawk-  his  dam 
a  medium-sized  white  mare,  said  to  be  of  Messenger  blood. 

The  Morgan  Black  Hawk  was  by  the  Sherman  Morgan 
liorse,  his  dam  the  Howard  mare,  got  by  a  colt  of  Hamble- 
tx>iuan. 


ETHAN   ALLEN. 


105 


Tlie  Shcrmuii  boree  was  by  tbc  original  or  Justin  Morgan, 
his  dam  variously  represented  as  an  Englisb  and  as  a  Spanish 
mare,  of  good  blood.  In  trv.th,  nothing  is  knov/n  of  her 
blood. 

Etlian  Allen  is  a  handsome  bright  bay  horse,  with  an  inj- 
meiisely  full  black  tail  and  black  mane.  He  is  claimed  by  his 
owners  and  friends  to  be  the  fastest  trotting  stallion  now  alive, 
but  the  claim  seems  to  1  f^-  doubtful.  ; 

The  performances  of  Ethan  Allen,  so  far  as  known,  are  as    I 
follows ; — 

On  the  10th  of  May,  1853,  a  match  took  place  on  Long  Isl- 
and betv.-een  Ethan  Allen,  three  years  ten  months  old,  and 
Kor-o  of  "Washington,  several  months  older,  mile  heats,  for  one 
thousand  dollars  a  side,  the  best  three  in  live. 

The  match  was  won  by  the  horse  in  2.42—2.39—2.36  ;  which 
is  claimed  to  be,  and  probably  is,  the  fastest  time  on  record  for 
that  age,  since  horses  are  rarely  put  to  trot  so  early. 

In  1855,  at  the  Fair  of  the  United  States  Agricultural  So- 
ciety, he  received  the  first  premium  for  speed,  beating  Colum- 
bus, Sherman,  Black  Hawk,  and  Stockbridge  Chief,  in  2.34^— 

2.37. 

In  1856,  Ethan  Allen  beat  Hiram  Drew  twice,  respectively, 
in  2.44i—2.40f— 2.40— and  in  2.46^—2.32^—2.35^— and  after- 
terward  was  started  for  the  Agricultural  Society's  purse  at  Bos- 
ton, against  Flora  Temple,  by  whom  he  was  most  signally 
defeated  in  2.324 — 2.36^,  although  at  the  time  of  his  starting 
his  friends  were  confident  of  his  beating  the  famous  mare.* 

The  portrait  of  this  horse,  so  faithfully  preserved  and  care- 
fully engraved  by  Mr.  Duthie,  is  said  to  be  a  very  striking  like- 
in '^ss.  The  horse  is  of  a  light  yellow  bay,  and  has  that  particu- 
lar redundance  and  coarseness  of  tail,  which  especially  charac- 
terizes the  Morgans,  and  which  ma^  be  regarded  as  undeniable 
proof  of  their  having  an  admixture  of  Car  adian  blood. 

One  would  say,  at  first  sight,  that  tho  extraordinary  length 
of  the  tail  is  exaggerated  in  the  engraving ;  but  I  am  assured 
by  Mr.  Attwood,  the  artist,  from  whose  very  beautiful  and 
spirited  picture  it  is  made,  that  \"liile  he  was  engaged  in  taking 
his  portrait,  the  horse  actually  trod  upon  his  tail,  more  than 
once,  pulling  out  several  of  the  long,  coarse,  wavy  haii-s. 

•  See  Ethan  Allen's  performances,  p.  278. 


"~\ 


P 


106 


THE  1IOR8K. 


It  is  not  easy  to  ntJcnrtaln  precisely  at  what  time  the  claim  to 
the  existence  of  this  fiunily,  us  a  peculiar,  nev  and  distinct  strain 
of  blood,  capable  of  rei)rodiictioii  tlimu^Mi  an  Midctinite  series 
(if  years,  was  spreail  abroad,  beyond  the  bounduries  of  Ver- 
mont. 

l?ut  it  ajipears,  from  the  fact  tliat  no  endeavors  were  made 
to  ascertain  tin  oritrin  of  ^liis  so-callod  family,  nntil  iiboiit  the 
comnienoement  of  the  third  decade  of  the  present  century,  to  l)o 
certain  that,  p'-,jvious  to  that  time,  Miero  was  no  sucli  fnrei<,'n 
demand  for  the  animal,  as  to  make  it  necessary  to  discover,  or 
in  default  of  discovery,  to  trump  up  a  pedigree  for  the  family, 
■which  sliould  in  some  sort  justity  its  pretensions,  and  accomit 
for  its  alleged  pow(!r  of  reproduction. 

The  reputation  of  these  horses  since  that  period,  has  spread 
incredibly  ;  until,  at  this  moment,  the  rage  for  Morgans  is  com- 
parable oidy  to  that  which,  a  few  years  since,  possessed  the 
poi)ular  mind,  for  the  vwrus  vnilticauUs;  and,  still  more  re- 
cently, for  Shanghai  poultry,  and  lop-eared  rabbits. 

In  the  year  1850,  the  Agricidtnral  Society  of  the  State  of 
Vermont  awarded  their  "  Urst  premium  to  Mr.  U.  C.  Linsley,  of 
Middlebury,  Vermont,  for  his  elaborate  essay  on  the  Morgan 

horee." 

On  this  work,  therefore,  I  take  it  for  granted  that  we  have 
to  rely,  for  all  the  authentic  information  that  exists  concerning 
the  origin  of  the  first  sire  of  the  stock;  concerning  the  cpialifi- 
cations  assumed  to  bo  distinctive  of  the  stock,  if  such  it  can  be 
called;  and,  lastly,  concerning  the  points  of  evidence  going  to 
prove  that  there  is  any  such  stock,  whatever,  in  the  proper 
acceptation  of  the  term,  which  can  be  shown  to  oe  the  family 
of  that  one  individual  animal. 

That  Mr.  Linsley  has  taken  all  possible  pains  to  investigate 
his  subject,  is  not  to  be  questioned.  That  he  is  deeply  interest-' 
ed  in  the  cause,  is  no  less  certain ;  since  the  whole  volume  is 
interwoven  with  a  thread  of  ingenious  special  pleading  in  favor 
of  this  particular  race,  and  in  depreciation  of  all  other  races, 
but  more  especially  in  depreciation  of  the  thorougl.ored  horse. 

Indeed,  it  is  not  a  little  singular  to  contrast  his  earnestness 
in  running  down  the  thoroughbred  horse,  as  a  progenitbr  of 
useful  horses  for  general  work,  with  his  equal  earnestness  in 


TRtlE   BRITON. 


lOT 


eiulcftvoriiif?  to  prove  that  -vvlmt  wa«  known  as  the  JuBtin  Mor- 
gan horso,  tlic  ori^'iiial  t'Drctatlicr  (if  tlic  family,  was,  if  not 
absolutely,  at  leant  as  nearly  as  iiossible,  u  thoroughbred  hini- 

Bclf. 

lint  now,  to  como  (.Hrcctly  to  the  point,  we  find,  from  a  mass 
of  afKdavits,  of  exactly  of  such  a  character  rs  one  woidd  bo  led 
to  expect,  made  by  the  sons  and  grandsons  of  the  man  himself, 
and  of  the  neighbors  of  the  man,  who  owned  this  horse  above 
lialf  a  century  ago — a  horse  of  whose  pedigree  the  owner  kept 
no  records,  and  of  which  he  h  iseif  evidently  knew  nothing, 
except  what  he  had  received  from  the  loosest  hearsay  evidence, 
and  village  or  bar-room  gossip)— something  to  the  following 
effect.  ^        ♦ 

The  hoi-so  was  got  by  a  stallion,  variously  called  "True 
Briton  "  and  "  Beautiful  Bay,"  owned  by  one  Selah  Norton,  of 
East  Hartford,  Connecticut. 

Of  this  True  Briton.,  which  must  not  be  confounded  with 
the  True  Briton  got  by  the  imported  horse  Othello  out  of  the  im- 
ported mare  Gant's  Milly,  whose  name  is  in  the  Stud  Book— 
noihing  can  bo  said  to  be  authenticated,  even  if  it  be  conceded 
cLtit  he  was  the  horse  stolen  from  Colonel  Delancy,  at  Kings- 
bridge,  who  commanded  a  corps  of  refugee  cavalry,  and  was 
the  son  of  the  imported  Wildair,  Lath,  and  the  celebrated  Cub 
mare— although  it  depends  only  on  an  "  it  is  said  "  that  he  was 
the  stolen  liorse. 

Thus  far  I  am  disposed,  however,  to  accept  the  tradition. 
That  the  horse  belonging  to  Mr.  Justin  Morgan  was  the  son 
of  True  Briton,  is  probably  a  fact ;  and  that  True  Briton  was 
stolen,  as  described,  is  probably  true  also ;  since  that  is  the  sort 
of  fact  concerning  which  tradition  is  likely  to  be  correct ;  an 
exploit  of  that  kind,  during  the  existence  of  a  partisan  war,  being 
of  tl  e  very  nature  to  create  much  attention,  to  elevate  the  suc- 
cestAil  marauder  into  a  local  hero,  and  to  render  the  stolen 
animal  also  notorious,  and  unlikely  to  be  mistaken  for  another. 

We  now,  however,  come  to  rumor  number  two,  resting  on 

nothing  but  the  merest  local  gossip,  that  True  Briton  was  the 

son  of  the  imported  English  horse,  Traveller,  then  standing  in 

"New  Jersey. 

;    From  this  vague  rumor,  elevated  into  a  fact,  we  are  next 


108 


THE  noRSR. 


treated  to  a  deduef  ion — to  wit,  that  tl'     '  ..od  l'orso,Travollor, 

IB  no  otlicr  tiian  the  faiuoiiH  horse  — -.tton'H  ()!<!  Traveller, 
by  Partner,  without  ovon  an  attempt  to  show  tliat  thia  horeo  was 
8o  much  as  standing  in  New  Jc-Hey,  at  t!io  time  of  the  occur- 
rence. 

lUit  to  proceed.  AVc  are,  one  Btej)  farther,  treated  to  hah'  n 
Bcoro  of  different  hypotiieses  concerning  the  dam  of  Justin  Mor- 
gan and  (he  dam  of  tlio  stolen  hor^e  True  Briton.  Mr.  .Fohn 
Morgan,  a  distant  relative,  contemporary  and  neighhor  of  Jimtin 
Morgan,  the  owner  of  the  original  Morgan  horse,  writing  in 
1842,  asserts,  that  ho  know  the  dam  of  the  horse  in  question; 
that  she  was  of  the  "  Wildair  hreed,^''  of  middling  size,  with  a 
heavy  chest,  of  a  very  liglit  hay  color,  with  a  hushy  nume  and 
tail,  the  hair  on  the  legs  rather  long,  and  a  smooth  and  haud- 
Bomo  traveller.  8ho  was  got  liy  Diamond,  a  thick  heavy  horso 
of  ahout  tho  middling  size,  with  a  thick  heavy  nume  and  tail, 
hairy  legs  and  a  smooth  traveller.  Diamond  was  raised  in  Kast 
Hartford,  Connecticut;  his  hire  was  Wildair,  known  as  the 
Church  horse,  got  hy  Delancy's  imported  Wildair.  His  dam 
was  the  noted  imported  mare  Wildair,  owned  hy  Captain 
Sanuicl  Eart,  of  Springfield,  Massachusetts.* 

Tlie  latter  part  of  this  pedigree  is  simply  nonsense ;  since 
there  never  was  any  imported  marc  Wildair,  nor  any  maro 
Wildair  at  all,  "Wildair"  being  the  name  of  a  horse. 

If  this  mean  any  thing,  it  means  a  Wildair  mare,  instead  of 
a  mare  Wildair,  that  is  to  say,  a  mare  begotten  by  Delancy's 
Wildair,  on  some  dam,  concerning  which  thoro  is  no  pretence 
to  her  being  of  blood. 

But  this  is  not  likely,  since  farmers  would  not  be  generally 
disposed  to  stint  a  daughter  to  her  own  sire,  as  a  stallion ;  since, 
beside  that  the  practice  is  unscientilic,  it  is  in  some  degree 
morally  repugnant  to  the  ideas  of  unsophisticated  men. 

Tho  above  is  tho  pedigree  given  by  Mr.  F.  A.  Weir,  in  the 
AlbaTiy  Cultivator  of  1846,  concerning  which  Mr.  Linsley  re- 
marks— ^"  If  this  pedigree  be  correct,  tho  dam  must  be  at  least 
three-eighths  thoroughbred." 

But  it  is  no  such  thing  ;  and,  if  it  had  been,  it  would  be  no- 
thing to  boast  of,  in  a  progenitrix. 

If  she  were  got  by  Diamond  out  of  a  common  mare,  and 

*  No  mare  of  this  name  was  ever  imported. — Ed. 


TUUE   BRITON  8  PAM. 


100 


Diamona  by  Wildiiir  2(1,  out  of  a  common  maro,  nnd  Wildiiir 
2d,  by  Wil.iiiir,  tb.)rouj,'bbrcd  out  of  a  half-bred  uuiru-the  dc- 
griH'H  of  blood  would  b(i  UH  follows; — 

Wildaii-  2d— by  tlioi-ouf,di  out  of  luilf-brod-is  Jtlm-bred. 
Diiunoml— by  tbrec-fourths-bred  out  of  common— !«  ttliH-brcd. 
Mur^an'B  dam— by  three-ci},'litbs-bivd  out  of  common  -in  IMdfbs- 
bivd.  Or,  in  otbor  words,  hIicIuuI  oMo-oi.irbtb  uikI  hulf-fiKlitli  part 
of  tlioroufrhbrcd  iu  her  vciuH  ;  which,  ho  far  from  conntituting 
her  a  highly  bred  mare,  would  couHtituto  her  juHt  a  degroo 
above  a  common  road  horse,  and  would  hcarcely  have  any  ajj- 
preciable  iutluence  on  her  own  appearance,  or  (lualities,  much 
less  on  thoHC  of  her  progeny. 

Mut  again,  assuming  True  Briton  to  have  been  got,  if  not 
by  Moreton'ri  Traveller,  at  least,  by  aome  thoronghbri'd,  im- 
ported  or  native,  Traveller,  of  which  there  were  thirteen  or 
fourteen  covering  in  different  parts  of  the  country  at  that 
period,  there  is  not  the  shadow  of  a  shade  of  evidence  to  show 
that  he,  True  Jiriton,  was  a  thoroughbred  horse  * 

The  idea  of  (luoting  Selah  Norton's  advertisement  of  \m 
stallion,  stating  loosely  that  True  Briton  was  out  of  Delancy's 
imported  racer ,  and  arguing  that  she  was  the  famous  Cub  mare, 
is  ])urely  preposterous,  ^ 

Still  worse,  is  the  absurdity  of  dragging  in  Lindsay  s  Ara- 
bian, for  no  other  conceivable  reason  than  on  some  such  a     i- 

ments  as  this. 

•      Lindsay's  Arabian  covered  mares,  east  of  the  Hudson  river, 

between  the  years  1706  and  1700. 

True  Briton's  granddam  was  covered,  between  the  years 
17GG  and  1790,  somewhere  or  other,  by  some  horse  or  other. 

It  is  quite  as  likely,  since  Colonel  Delancy  lived  east  of  the 
Hudson  river,  that  she  was  covered  there,  as  any  where  else. 

Again,  it  is  quite  as  likely  that  she  was  covered  by  Lindsay's 
Arabian,  as  by  any  other  horse. 

Therefore  she  was  covered  by  Liiif"  say  s  Arabian,  and  irue 
Briton's  dam  was  the  daughter  of  that  well-known  stallion. 

Even  this,  however,  would  not  make  True  Briton  thorough- 
bred ;  nor  is  it  at  all  probable,  that  Colonel  Delancy  would 
have  ridden  a  thoroughbred  stallion  ;  much  less  one  of  such 
pre-eminent  blood,  iu  u  warfare  of  partisan  skirniishing,  where 

*  See  Note  1,  p.  200. 


-.r:y^g.?rrt*J,t-p-y^'.'.gw«'':T''!r-aF:a^v':wF'  ■ 


no 


THE   HORSI. 


nothing  was  more  to  bo  t^xpcPtcil,  tliuii  what  socins  to  luivo  ao« 
tually  liai»|)riu!(l,  the  Hfcaliiig  ol'  tlu'  uiiiimil  ritMcii. 

Ihit  aj^uiii,  I'vcii  if  Tnio  l!riti>ii  wen*  thoioii^^hljrcd,  of 
which  tiiiTu  irt  iiDt  a  rcawtiiahle  Hiiji|><>Hiti<iii,  tho  orij^imil  Mm- 
j^aii  hortto,  got  out  of  a  man'  having  tlirct'-HixtvoiitliH  of  ]>ui'o 
hh)o(l,  wiiiihl  havu  only  huoii  uii  iimppruciahlu  iruction  butter 
than  a  iialfhretl. 

If  'l"iiu(  r.riton  himself  were  but  n  lialf-hred,  and  I  can 
BOO  no  iioHHibh;  groiimlH  for  believing  liini  any  thing  materially 
better,  then  the  JiiHtin  Morgan  hortie  would  have  been  a  tritle 
better  than  u  one-tourth-part-hri^d  horne ;  and  hucIi,  I  think,  any 
good  jndge  of  hrrsi'tlesii  woidd  iironouiUMi  him  to  In-,  nioie  or 
loss,  from  the  deKcription  of  him  given  by  Mr.  Lin«ley  in  his 
agreeable  and  comprehensivo  vohuno. 

MKMOIU  AM)  l)i:S('UIlTR)N  OV  TUF.  JUSTIN  MOIMIAN. 

"The  original,  or  'Justin  Morgan,' was  about  fourteen  hands 
high,  and  weighed  abont  nine  hnndre<l  and  fifty  poundrt.  His 
color  was  dark-hay,  with  black  Icgn,  mane,  and  tail.  Jle  had  no 
white  hairs  upoi.  dm.  His  nnine  and  tail  were  coarse  and  heavy, 
but  not  so  nmssive,  as  bus  been  sometimes  described  ;  the  hair 
of  both  was  straight  and  not  inclined  to  curl.  His  head  was 
good,  not  extremely  snuill,  but  lean  and  bony,  the  f  vce  straight, 
forehead  broad,  ears  snudl  and  very  line,  but  set  rather  wide 
apart.  Mis  eyes  w-re  medium  size,  very  dark  and  prominent; 
and  showed  no  Avluti;  around  the  edge  of  the  lid.  Jlis  nostrils 
were  very  large,  the  muzzle  snuill,  uid  the  li])8  close  and  linn. 
His  back  and  legs  were,  perhaps,  'ms  nu>st  noticeable  points. 
The  former  was  very  short;  the  shoulder-blades  and  thigh-bones 
being  very  long  and  obli(pie  and  the  loins  exceedingly  broad 
and  muscular.  His  body  was  i-athcr  long,  round  and  deep, 
elose-rihbed  up;  chest  deep  and  wide,  with  the  breast-bono 
l>rojecting  a  good  deal  in  front.  His  legs  were  short,  close- 
jointed,  thin,  but  very  wide,  hard  and  free  from  meat,  with  mus- 
cles that  were  remarkably  large  for  a  horse  of  his  size  ;  and  this 
superabundance  of  muscle  manifested  itself  at  every  step.  His 
liair  was  short,  and  at  almost  all  seasons  soft  and  glog.^y.  He 
liad  a  little  long  hair  about  the  fetlocks,  and  for  two  or  threo 


MWmlb 


IKE{fJV&!nSJS^^^ 


Hiiour  lucicfl. 


Ill 


iiicluM  altovo  tho  fotlock,  on  tliti  Imrk  h'kIo  of  tlif  Irf^rt ;  tlm  rout 
(if  hirt  liiiilm  wore  i-ntin-ly  five  tVuru  it.  IIIm  \Wt  woro  hiduII, 
l.iit  wt-ll  Am\n'd  ;  iirnl  ho  wan  in  cvory  rcHju'ct  portt'ctly  Hi.tuid 
ami  tViio  from  bUiiiUHli.  IIo  wat*  u  very  fawt  walker.  In  trotting 
liirt  piit  waH  low  anil  hniootli,  and  liin  ntcp  hliort  ami  m-rvouH; 
he  wart  not  what  in  tlicrtts  ilays  would  hu  calli'd  fawt,  aiwl  wo 
think  it  doubtful  wlii'tlier  lie  could  trot  ti  inilo  nnicli,  if  any, 
within  fimr  minutuH,  though  it  ia  claimed  l>y  iiuiny  that  ho  could 
trot  in  three.* 

"  Although  he  raised  hirt  feet  hut  little,  he  never  Htumhled. 
llirt  [)roud,  hold,  and  fearlexs  Htylo  of  movement,  and  luH  vijf- 
oroni!  untiring  action  have,  i>erhai)H,  never  been  HurpaHned, 

"  IIo  wart  ft  fleet  runner  at  rtliort  distaneeP.  Ilnnning  short 
distancert,  for  nnudl  ntaken,  waB  very  eoinmon  in  Vermont  Hfty 
years  ago.  Eighty  roda  was  very  generally  tho  length  of  tho 
course,  which  usually  commenced  at  a  tavern  or  grocery,  and 
exteiuled  the  distance  agreed  upon  np  or  down  the  public  road. 
In  these  races,  the  horses  were  started  from  a  '  serat(di.'  That 
irt,  a  nuirk  was  drawn  across  tho  road  in  the  dirt,  and  tho 
horses,  ranged  in  n  row  u]ion  it,  went  off  at  the  dropping  of  n 
hat,  or  some  other  eigiud. 

"It  will  be  observed  that  the  form  of  the  Justin  Morgan 
was  not  such  as,  in  our  days,  is  thoiight  best  calculated  to  give 
the  greatest  speed  for  a  short  distance.  Those  who  lielieve  in 
long-lc'jged  racers  will  think  his  legs,  body,  and  stride,  wire  all 
too  siiort,  and  to  them  it  may,  perhaps,  seem  surprising  that  ho 
should  be  successful,  as  ho  invariably  was,  in  such  contests." 

Tho  last  i)aragraph  quoted  is  wholly  erroneous,  and  is  evi- 
dently written  by  one  i)ei-sonally  unacquainted  with  racing,  and 
fornung  his  idea  of  what  judges  consider  the  requirements  of  a 
racer  wholly  from  hearsay,  or  from  a  preconceived  opinion — 
which,  \  think,  can  be  discovered  running  through  every  lino 
of  Mr.  Linsley's  work— that  all  thoroughbreds  are  long,  leggy, 
Aveedy,  loosely -coupled,  liglit-boued  bro'-es,  with  no  qualification 
beyond  speed. 

•  The  clain  is,  of  course,  absurd.  Such  a  thing  as  a  horse  trotting  a  mile  in 
three  minutes  \f as  undreamed  of,  much  more  unheard  of,  in  the  days  of  tliis  horse ; 
as  will  appear,  when  I  come  to  treat  of  trotting. 


umjj_^Li!|i^ii!ii 


mmmtimimrmT^mimm' 


112 


THE  nOBSE. 


Thau  which,  it  io  needless  to  say,  no  possible  idea  can  bo 
more  eiToneou;^ ;  since  it  is  especially  in  the  texture  of  his 
sinews  and  nniscles,  and  in  the  character  and  conformation  of 
his  bones,  that  the  thoronglibred  horse  of  Arab  descent  is  so 
immeasurably  superior  to  every  other  horse  in  the  known  world. 
Now,  so  far  from  it  being,  as  Mr.  Linsley  surmises,  the  case 
that,  in  our  days,  the  form  of  Justin  Morgan  would  not  be 
thought  best  calculated  to  give  the  greatest  speed  at  short  dis- 
tances— the  form  described  as  his,  and  no  other  forra^  is  judged 
the  best  for  short  distances,  and  the  shorter  the  better,  and  for 
no  other  distances  than  short  ones. 

Every  one,  Avho  knows  the  first  rudiments  of  racing,  or  of 
the  motions  of  a  horse,  knows  that  a  short,  close-coupled,  quick- 
gathering  animal  jumps  at  once  into  his  stroke,  and  at  his  third 
or  fourth  stride  is  going  at  the  top  of  his  pace,  which  he  can 
never  much  outdo  ;  and  that,  consequently,  he  is  at  the  end  of 
his  eighty  rods — less  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile — before  the  large, 
long-striding  racer  has  well  got  under  way. 

On  this  principle,  I  perfectly  remember,  when  I  was  a 
young  school-boy,  that  it  was  my  especial  delight  to  get  gentle- 
men, visiting  at  my  father's  house,  to  match  their  three-part- 
bred  hunters  against  a  little  rat  of  a  Shetland  pony,  which  I 
rode,  for  a  single  dash  around  the  carnage  sweep,  before  the 
hall-door,  a  distance  of  something  better  than  a  hundred  yards 
in  a  circular  form,  in  which  I  invariably  came  off  the  winner. 
And  on  this  principle,  again,  it  is  well  ascertained  that,  for 
a  straight  fifty  yards,  any  man  who  has  got  the  use  of  his  legs, 
and  for  a  straight  hundred  any  good  runner,  can  beat  a  race- 
horse nine  times  out  of  ten,  both  starting  from  a  stand-still. 

Nor  is  this  all.  For  not  only  is  it  well  known  and  admitted 
that  small,  short-stepping,  quick-gathering  horses  are  always, 
cceieris  parilus,  superior  at  short  distances,  or  in  round  circles 
of  small  diameter,  to  large,  rating  gallopers,  which  would  run 
clean  away  from  them  at  long  distances  over  a  straight  level ; 
but  it  is  equally  conceded,  that,  for  such  distances,  in  a  single 
dash,  a  thoroughbred  horse  has  no  advantage  whatsoever,  from 
being  thoroughbred,  over  a  half,  or  two-thirds,  or  one-fourth  bred 
^nay !  over  a  horse  which  has  no  blood  at  all  in  liis  veins,  if 


LONO-LEGOKD  BACER8. 


118 


ho  chance  to  be  well  made,  quick  upon  his  legs,  and  gifted  with 
a  turn  of  speed. 

Some  thoroughbred  horses  are  exceedingly  speedy,  some  are 
as  slow  as  tops  ;  and  so  of  horses  of  all  other  races  and  families ; 
and  speed  is  by  no  means,  nor,  ever  has  been,  considered,  the 
peculiar  or  exclusive  attribute  of  the  thoroughbred  horse.  On 
tlie  contrary,  endurance  is  his  forte. 

There  are  hundreds  and  thousands  of  half  and  three-part- 
bred  hunters,  known  and  selected  for  their  speed,  in  England, 
which  would  to  a  certainty  beat,  for  a  single  half  mile,  as  many 
thoroughbreds,  of  pedigree  as  pure  as  Eclipse,  which  by  slug- 
gishness of  temper  or  awkward  action,  chance  to  be  heavy 
gallopers  and  slow  goers. 

But  make  the  half-mile  four  miles,  or  make  the  single  dash  a 
heat  race,  and  you  will  see,  very  soon,  where  the  blood  tells ; 
for  your  thoroughbred  will  sail  away  at  his  ease,  slow  as  he  is, 
when  the  speedy  cocktail  is  past  the  power  of  being  kicked 
along,  with  tail  flirting,  flanks  at  work,  in  distress  unutterable. 
And  so  of  all  the  degrees,  from  the  thoroughbred  down  to  the 
lowest  grade,  which  has  a  show  of  blood.  It  is  not  superior 
speed,  but  the  power  to  support  the  speed  during  superior 
periods,  and  at  more  rapidly  recurring  intervals,  that  is  given 
by  superiority  of  blood — and  that  no  more  at  the  gallop  than  at 
the  trot,  or  at  the  trot  than  at  the  walk — no  more,  in  step- 
ping away  with  a  feather  on  the  back,  than  in  struggling  to 
move  a  ton  in  the  shafts,  until  death  would  ensue  in  the  collar, 
if  man's  cruelty  should  urge  the  continued  efibrt. 

Mr.  Linsley,  therefore,  has  entirely  misunderstood  the  opin- 
ion, which  racing  men  would  form  in  regard  to  the  probable 
qualities  of  an  animal,  framed  as  he  describes  the  Justin  Mor- 
gan to  have  been  framed.  Still  more  does  he  misunderstand 
the  points  of  a  race-horee,  which  are  esteemed  desirable,  when 
he  speaks  of  "  those  who  believe  in  long-legged  racers  ; "  and 
when  he  confounds  a  long-striding  horse  with  a  long-legged 
horse,  which  are  two  things  as  distinct  from  one  another,  as 
any  two  things,  in  the  world,  well  v-au  be. 

Many  years  have  passed,  since  I  first  heard  the  points  of 
horses  discussed  ;   and  when  I  first  did  so  it  was  in  a  country 
where  probably  more  good  horses,  of  every  description,  are 
Vol.  II-  S 


114 


THE  H0E8E. 


raised,  than  in  any  other  eqxial  extent  of  territory  in  the  known 
world  ;  but  I  have  yet  got  to  see  the  first  man  who  believes  in 
long-legged  horses,  or  any  man  who  ever  used  the  term  a  leggy 
horse,  except  as  a  term  of  disapprobation  and  reproach. 

But  now,  to  return  directly  to  the  point  at  issue,  the  true 
character  of  the  Morgan  horse,  who  first  received  that  name ; 
I  said  above,  that  all  which  can  by  the  largest  courtesy  bo 
allowed,  as  established,  concerning  the  pedigree  of  this  horse, 
is  that  he  was  something  between  a  half-bred  and  a  four-parts- 
bred  animal ;  to  all  appearance,  nearer  to  the  lower  than  to  the 
higher  grade  ;  and  that,  from  the  description  given  of  him— 
and,  I  might  have  added,  from  the  woodcut,  but  that  I  do  not 
suppose  the  likeness  to  be  authentic— a  person  conversant  with 
horse-breeding  would  suppose  him  to  possess  about  that  propor- 
tion of  blood,  and  not  much  more  or  much  less. 

The  heavy  mane  and  tail,  the  hairy  fetlocks,  and  the  long 
hairs  extending  up  the  back  sinews  are  more  conclusive  of  the 
large  portion  of  coarse  blood  in  his  veins,  than  would  be  all  the 
affidavits  that  could  be  sworn  to  by  all  the  people,  in  Vermont, 
who  had  ever  heai-d  their  grandmothers  talk  about  their  sleigh- 
ing frolics  before  the  Eevolution,  and  the  superiority  of  every 
thing,  in  the  good  days  of  old,  to  every  thing  now. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  not  only  his  dam,  but  his  grand- 
Bire  on  the  dam's  side.  Diamond,  are  both  also  distinctly  stated 
to  have  had  thick,  heavy  manes  and  tails,  and  hairy  legs;  and 
yet  we  are  asked  to  believe  that  Diamond  was  got  by  the  son  of 
a  thoroughbred  hoi-se  out  of  the  imported  mare  Wildair. 

Now  it  is,  of  course,  known  that  the  thinness  of  the  mane, 
and  the  absence  of  hair  on  the  legs,  are  the  first  and  most  char- 
acteristic external  points  of  the  thoroughbred  animal ;  and  that 
a  half-bred,  unless  he  be  out  of  a  dray  mare,  or  a  Norman,  or 
some  other  breed  distinguished  for  extraordinary  shagginess, 
loses  the  hairy  shag  of  his  legs,  and  shows  a  comparatively  fine 
mane  and  tail,  even  in  the  first  generation. 

But  extraordinary  hairiness  of  legs  and  weight  of  mane  and 
tail— extraordinary,  I  mean,  as  compared  to  their  speed,  light- 
ness of  movement,  endurance,  and  general  finish  of  shape  ?tnd 
form -is  the  decided  characteristic  of  what  are  called  the  Mor- 
'    gan  family.    This,  therefore,  I  hold  at  once  to  set  aside,  in  con- 


UMMWWII  Wlill  HIIWIllllHllilitlWi 


THE  SONS  OF  MORGAN. 


115 


junction  with  the  very  best  face  that  can  be  put  upon  the 
original  Justin  Morgan's  pedigree,  all  claim  to  any  high  stand- 
ard of  blood,  even  in  that  horse  ;  much  more  in  his  posterity  to 
the  fourth  and  fiftli  generations,  unless  it  have  been  introduced 
from  other  sources ;  in  which  case,  the  race  and  its  virtues  cease 
to  be  Morgan. 

Now,  it  is  alleged  that  there  were  but  six  known  or  re- 
corded stallions,  got  by  the  Justin  Morgan,  which  were  kept 
for  service  in  the  stud.  Bulrush,  Sherman,  Woodbury,  Revenge, 
and  the  Fentoii  and  Hawkins  horses ;  of  which  the  three  for- 
mer only  were  noted  stock-getters,  no  stock  at  all  being  trace- 
able to  the  Fenton,  and  very  little  to  the  Hawkins  horse,  or  to 
Revenge. 

Of  the  dams  of  no  one  of  these  six  Morgan  stallions,  of  the 
second  degree,  has  any  thing  been  authenticated,  in  spite  of 
attempts,  the  earnestness  of  which  is  shown  by  the  number  of 
different  vereions  promulgated. 

It  is  highly  probable,  that  they  were  fine  useful  animals  and 
good  travellers,  but  qxiite  as  improbable  that  they  possessed  any 
considerable  share  of  thorough  l)lood  ;  for  the  reason,  that,  from 
the  beginning  to  the  present  day  of  American  hihtory,  there  has 
been  less  of  that  blood  imported  into  the  New  England  States, 
than  into  any  other  quarter  of  the  Union. 

This  second  generation,  then,  cannot  be  held  to  have  con- 
tained in  their  veins,  at  most,  above  one-eighth  part  of  that 
thorough  blood  to  whicli  the  Justin  Morgan  owed  his  worth,  if 
he  did  owe  it,  as  is  assunied,  to  a  cross  of  rich,  pure  Arabian 
blood  on  the  common  stock. 

The  next  generation,  or  third  from  the  Justin  Morgan,  would, 
of  course,  contain,  unless  bred  out  of  own  sisters  or  cousins, 
one-sixteenth ;  the  fourth,  such  as  "  Green  Mountain  2d," 
grandson  of  *'  Woodbury,"  and  great  grandson  of  Justin,  one 
thirty-second  ;  the  fifth  as  "  Morgan  Empire,"  son  of  "  Green 
Mountain  2d,"  one  sixty-fourth ;  the  sixth  as  "  Black  Morgan," 
son  of  "  Morgan  Empire,"  one  hundred  and  twenty-eighth ; 
and  the  seventh,  as  "  American  Eagle,"  one  two  hundred  and 
fifty-sixth  part  of  the  pure  Arabian  blood,  which  coursed  in  the 
veins  of  the  Justin  Morgan,  and  to  which  it  is  pretended  that 
the  merits  and  characteristics  of  this  class  of  horses  belong. 


116 


THE   HORSE. 


The  above  calculation  is  founded  on  the  supposition  that  all 
the  dams  were  of  common  stock.  It  is  not  pretended,  and  it  is 
scarcely  possible,  that  any  of  them  should  have  been  thorough- 
^jreds — for  no  owner  of  a  thoroughbred  mare  stints  her  to  a  stal- 
lion of  inferior  race,  and  it  is  barely  possible  that  any  of  them 
were  half-breds,  as  few  thoroughbreds  have  been  covering  in  the 
States  w'.ence  the  dams  are  likely  to  have  come. 

If,  however,  it  be  assumed — which  would,  in  some  degree, 
constitute  the  Morgan  horse  a  ftimily— that,  from  the  beginning 
to  the  present  day,  all  the  so-called  Morgan  stallions  have  been 
bred  out  of  their  cousins  and  sistere — then  the  seventh  genera- 
tion would  possess  one  one-hundred  and  twenty-eighth  instead  of 
one  two-hundred  and  fifty-sixth  portion  of  the  blood ;  but  would 
be  in  far  worse  position,  since  there  is  no  such  thing  known  as 
the  incestuous  in-breeding  of  a  single  family  of  six  persons, 
at  first,  to  the  sixth  generation;  without  its  producing  utter  de- 
terioration, imbecility,  and  the  gradual  extinction  of  the  race. 

On  the  other  hand,  it  is  contradictory  to  all  that  is  known  of 
horse-breeding,  or  indeed  of  tne  breeding  of  any  animal  of 
a  high  finish,  to  assume  that  a  sire  himself,  having  only  one  two- 
hundred  and  fifty-sixth  part  of  any  pure  blood,  whether  it  be 
Arab  horse,  Durham  bull,  or  setter  dog,  can  transmit  any  ap- 
preciable portion  of  that  blood,  or  of  the  particular  virtues 
which  that  blood  may  contain,  to  its  progeny,  begotten  on  a 
cold-blooded,  or  different-blooded  animal. 

As  I  have  shown  above,  the  eighth  cross  from  a  thorough- 
bred stallion,  on  seven  generations  of  dray-mares,  woull  not  be 
distinguishable  from  a  dray-horse. 

The  eighth  cross  of  a  red  Irish  setter,  on  seven  generations  of 
bull  bitches,  would  scarce  show  a  mark  to  distinguish  it  from 
the  true  bull,  and  would  have  no  more  inclination  to  point  a 
partridge,  than  he  to  point  an  ox.  Consequently,  in  my  opinion, 
it  is  idle  to  talk  of  the  Morgan  horses  of  Vermont  afl  a  distinct 
family,  or  to  attribute  their  qualities  to  their  descent  from  the 
Justin  Morgan  horse,  or  from  any  other  one,  or  two,  or  half 
dozen  horses  whatsoever. 

The  only  mark  or  evidence  o.  a  family  which  they  do  show, 
is  to  their  disadvantage — it  is  their  undersize,  which  is  probably 
the  result  of  an  attempt,  ill-advised  and  unnatural,  to  make  a 


"■*jl 


THE   USE  OF  THE  MORGANS. 


117 


family  of  them,  instead  of  preserving  them,  at  what  they  ongin- 
ally  were,  atul  in  some  degree  still  are— an  admirable  cross  of 
the  thoroughbred  horse,  on  that  very  excellent  and  useful  ani- 
,nai_itgelf  a  cross  of  several  breeds— which  I  have  described 
under  the  name  of  the  Vermont  draught-horse. 

This  cross  could  have  been  maintained,  as  I  have  observed 
above,  and  shall  show  more  fully  hereafter,  under  the  head  of 
breeding,  not  by  re-breeding  the  cross-bred  animals,  like  to 
like— for  they  will  not,  by  an  absolute  law  of  nature,  produce 
the  like  again ;  but  by  reintroducing  in  their  purity  both  the 
strains  of  blood,  out  of  which  the  first  beneficial  admixture 

grew. 

As  for  instance,  to  the  finest  Morgan  stallion  in  the  eighth 
degree  stint  the  noblest  draught-mare,  or  imported  Norman,  or 
choice  Canadian,  and  stint  the  female  progeny  of  that  admix- 
ture to  the  finest,  mind  I  do  not  say  speediest,  sound,  short- 
legged,  bony,  muscular,  thoroughbred  stallion,  of  indisputable 
pedigree,  and  undoubted  constitution— to  exactly  such  a  horse, 
for  instance,  as  Boston*  would  have  been,  had  it  not  been  for  his 
unfortunate  blindness,  which  it  is  to  be  feared  will  be  hereditaiy 
in  his  blood,  as  it  has  already  proved  to  be  in  the  case  of  Lex- 
ington, or  as  Trustee  was. 

In  the  same  way,  the  finest  Morgan  mares  may  be  bred  with 
advantafj3  to  properly  chosen  thoroughbreds ;  and  the  progeny 
of  this  cross  again  bred  with  the  difierent,  but  somewhat  similar 
cross,  last  described,  will  preserve  the  type,  or  class,  of  animal 
required,  while  reinvigorating  the  blood  by  the  introduction  of 
new  strains,  from  the  same  original  fountain  head,  though  they 
have  been  flowing  long  through  widely  devious  channels. 

I  can  readily  believe,  that  many  persons  in  reading  this  will 
imagine,  that  it  is  my  object  to  decry  this  type  of  horse,  because 
I  deny  to  it  the  name  of  family. 

And  I  fancy  I  can  already  hear  the  outcry,  that  I  am  hostile 
to,  or  prejudiced  against,  the  breed.  It  is  not  so  in  the  slightest 
degree.  Far  from  it— they  are,  or  were,  the  very  horse  of  all 
othei-s,  which  I  believe  to  be  the  best  for  all  general  purposes  ; 
the  saddle,  light  harness,  the  hunting  field,  if  it  were  required, 
and  in  a  great  degree,  the  trotting  course.  I  mean  the  result  of 
an  infusion  of  thorough  blood  in  a  very  large  proportion  into 

*  See  Note  2,  p.  200. 


118  Tira  H0R8K. 

the  BOundeBt,  hardiest  and  most  active,  not  desert-descended 

races. 

It  is  because  I  do  like  the  class  of  horse,  that  I  protest  against 
its  being  forged  into  a  family. 

It  is  but  human  nature,  that  the  owners  of  stalhons,  really 
descended  from  this  Justin  Morgan  horse,  now  that  the  name  of 
Moro-an  has  obtained,  should  claim  that  all  the  virtues  which 
the  stock  or  class  so  named  do  or  might  possess,  come  directly 
from  the  loins  of  tliat  horee ;  and  that  the  nine-millionth  part  of 
a  drop  of  his  blood,  infused  into  the  veins  of  any  screw,  will 
produce  a  Morgan.* 

It  is  equally  human  nature,  that  the  name  of  Morgan  having 
once  become  tlic  fashion,  every  breeder  who  has  a  likely  stal- 
lion, however  bred,  and  even  if  much  more  highly  bred  than 
any  of  the  present  real  Morgans  could  be — if  there  were  any— 
will  assert  it  to  be  a  Morgan.  No  difficult  matter,  by  the  way, 
since  in  Mr.  Linsley's  work  there  are  recounted  by  name 
above  two  hundred  and  fifty  Morgan  stallions,  now  covering; 
and  I  myself  know  sons  of  some  among  these  very  stallions, 
which  may  again  have  sons  of  theirs,  at  this  moment  serving 
mares.  In  other  words,  there  may  be  two  farther  generations 
of  Morgan  stallions,  than  he  has  named ;  which,  for  aught  tliat 
one  can  tell,  may  extend  the  present  number  of  foal-getting 
Morgans  to  some  thousands;  at  the  same  time  that  it  reduces 
the  quantity  of  Justin  Morgan  blood,  in  the  veins  of  each,  to 
one  one  thousand  and  twenty-fourth  part.  If  this  be  not  run- 
ning the  doctrine  of  hereditary  succession,  and  the  divine  right 
of  blood,  into  the  ground,  I  do  not  know  what  should  do  so. 

Tlio  starchest  stickler  for  thorough  blood  never  started  so 
untenable  a  position  as  this  ;  and  I  dare  say  never  will. 

I  will  now  briefly  record  the  qualities,  for  which  I  believe 
this  type  of  horses  to  be  really  renowned ;  I  will  give  my 
own  hypothesis  as  to  what  this  type  is,  and  whence  it  sprang, 
and,  in  conclusion,  how  far  it  is  to  be  depended  on,  and  how 
used,  to-day. 

According  to  what  may  be  fairly  deduced  from  the  very 
conflicting  accounts  of  the  Morgans,  as  they  now  exist,  it  may,  I 
tliink,  be  stated,  that  they  are  a  small,  compact,  active  style  of 

*  See  Note  8,  p.  206. 


■tlUHIMMH* 


r\UL   CLIFFORD. 


119 


horse,  showing  the  evidence  of  a  strain  of  good  blood,  not  in 
genonil  very  recent,  or  very  considerable. 

They  rarely,  if  ever,  exceed  fifteen  hands  two  inches,  and  it 
is  probable  that  a  hand  lower,  or  from  that  up  to  fifteen,  is 
nearer  to  their  standard.  They  are  not,  I  think,  particularly 
closely  ribbed  up,  and  many  of  tliera  are  inclined  to  be  sway- 
backed.  Their  hind  quartei-s  are  generally  powerful,  and  their 
legs  and  feet  good.  There  is  an  evident  family  resemblance  in 
their  forehands,  their  necks  and  crests  being  so  often,  as  to 
render  the  uuirk  somewhat  characteristic,  lofty  but  erect,  with- 
out much  curvature,  and  the  neck  apt  to  be  thick  at  the  setting 
on  of  the  head,  which,  though  good,  is  rarely  blood-like. 

The  manes  and  tails  of  these  horses  are  almost  invariably 
coai-sc,  as  well  as  heavy  and  abundant,  and  have  very  often— 
as  cannot  fail  to  be  remarked  by  any  one,  who  will  closely 
examine  the  wood-cuts  in  Mr.  Linsley's  work,  which,  although 
very  coarse  in  execution,  are  believed  to  be  fair  likenesses,  as 
being  taken  generally  from  daguerreotypes — a  strong  wave,  or 
even  curl  of  the  hair. 

All  these  points  are  those  of  the  Canadian  or  Norman  horse, 
the  latter  so  decidedly  so,  that  I  believe  no  such  thing  ever 
occurs,  wliere  there  is  not  a  strain  of  that  blood. 

I  should  say,  that  any  judge  of  horseflesh,  on  seeing  the  por- 
traits to  which  I  allude,  if  not  informed  what  race  of  animals 
they  are  intended  to  represent,  would  at  once  pronounce  many 
of  them  Canadians. 

T  will  specify  more  particularly  Green  Mountain  2d,  Mor- 
gan General,  Flying  Morgan,  Golden  Eagle  and  North  Star,  the 
last-mentioned  as  woolly  as  a  Virginia  negro. 

It  is  farther  wortliy  of  special  remark,  that  every  one  of  the 
hoi-see  '-epresented  in  this  volume,  which  have  the  least  of  this 
appearance,  or  none  of  it  at  all,  as  Paul  Clifford,  Black  Hawk 
and  Black  Jack,  all  of  which  have  clean  legs,  arched  crests, 
■  well-set-on  heads  and  straight  hair,  have  large  mixtures  of  pure 
blood,  other  than  whatever  did,  or  did  not  come,  from  the  Justin 
Morgan. 

Thus  the  dam  of  Paul  Clifford  was  by  young  Ilamiltonian, 
he  by  Bishop's  Hamiltonian,  thoroughbred,  by  imported  Mes- 
Benger,  imported  Leonidas,    and  Bellfounder.     The  dam  of 


ISO 


THE  nOBSK. 


Black  Hawk  was  an  impoitecl  half-bred  Englisli  mare.  Tho 
dain  of  Black  Jack  was  got  by  Medley,  lio  by  Little  Medley, 
tlioroiiglibred,  he  by  imported  Medley — his  grunddaiii  by  Shep- 
ard's  CutiHul — thoroughbred — by  IJond's  First  Consul. 

In  all  which  instances,  I  snbmit  that  it  is  preposterous  to 
refer  the  qualities  of  thcs^  animals  to  the  very  remote  strain  of 
doul)tful  blood,  on  the  sire's  or  Morgan  side,  rather  than  to  tho 
recent  pnre  strains,  of  tlie  iiighest  qnallty,  on  the  dam's. 

But  to  proceed  with  the  present  stock,  the  qualities,  to 
which  they  pretend,  are  neat  style,  good  trotting  action,  great 
honesty,  great  qnickness  and  pprightliness  of  movement,  apart 
from  extraordinary  speed,  which  is  not  insisted  on  as  a  charac- 
teristic of  the  breed — although  some  have  possessed  it — and  con- 
siderable powers  of  endurance.  There  has  been  some  conflict 
of  opinions  concerning  the  courage  and  endurance  of  the  Mor- 
gans, as  they  are  called,  and  their  ability  to  maintain  a  good 
stroke  of  speed,  say  ten  miles  an  hour,  for  several  hours  in  suc- 
ceDsion  ;  but  1  conceive  it  to  be  well  established  that  the  excep- 
tion has  not  been  fairly  taken,  and  that  these  horses  lack  neither 
courage  nor  ability  to  persevere,  though  not,  so  far  as  I  can 
judge,  at  a  high  rate  of  speed. 

And  now,  having  admitted  these  qualities,  I  mean  to  assert 
that  they  are  qualities  appertaining  to  all  horses,  which  are  more 
or  less — and  the  more  the  better — crossed  with  thorough  blood. 

In  the  quarter,  whence  the  Morgans  come,  there  is  an  excel- 
lent type  of  draught  mare,  of  different  degrees  of  weight,  power 
and  speed,  itself  doubtless  the  produce  of  a  variety  of  crosses, 
originally  I  think  from  the  Cleveland  Bay  stock,  possibly  with 
a  strain  of  Suffolk  Punch,  unquestionably  with  a  large  strain  of 
Canadian,  and  unquestionably,  also,  with  more  or  less  admix- 
tures of  thorough  blood,  ontirely  distinct  from  that  of  True 
Briton.  That  from  tho  highest  bred  of  these  mares  by  crosses, 
sometimes  with  other  thoroughbreds,  sometimes  with  stallions, 
the  sons  and  grandsons  of  the  Justin  Morgan,  themselves  out  of 
well-bred  dams,  sometimes  with  clever  half-bred  trotting  horses, 
a  likely  and  useful  stamp  of  horses  should  arise,  possessing  just 
the  form  and  exactly  the  qualities,  which  the  pretended  Mor- 
gans do  possess,  would  be  predicted  by  any  person,  in  the  least 
degree  cognizant  of  the  principles  of  horse-breeding. 


THE  NAUE  MORGAN. 


121 


Still,  thoro  1*8  not  the  slightest  reason  for  attrilniting  their 
merits  or  demerits  to  the  Justin  Morgan  horse,  or  to  True 
Briton  ;  nor  any  pretext  for  giving  thein  the  name  of  Morgan 
horses,  or  for  insisting  that  they  are,  in  any  possible  respect,  a 
distinct  family. 

It  may  be  roplied  to  this,  that  Morgan  is  at  all  events  only 
a  name,  and  tiiat,  being  as  good  a  name  as  any  other,  the 
adoption  of  it  can  do  no  harm,  and  will  serve  to  designate,  as 
well  as  any  that  can  be  devised,  the  style  of  light  carriage  or 
buggy  horee,  which  I  admit  to  be  distinctive  of  the  region  of 
country  from  which  they  hail. 

But  it  is  not  bo  ;  for  the  name,  in  itself  false,  necessarily 
tends  to  inculcate  a  false  idea  and  introduce  a  false  i)rinciplo 
of  breeding. 

For,  if  the  Morgan  horses  were  a  distinct  family,  so  widely 
propagated  as  they  now  are,  the  stallions  reckoned  by  hundreds, 
if  not  by  thonsands,  and  the  mares  by  ten  times  that  number, 
with  no  danger  existing  any  longer  of  incestuous  breeding,  it 
would  be  sale  and  wise  to  breed  from  them,  Morgan  horse  into 
Morgan  mare,  as  one  would  thoroughbred  into  thoroughbred, 
with  a  certainty  that  the  stock  would  reproduce  itself,  with  all 
the  virtues  (»f  the  parents. 

But,  as  they  are  not  a  distinct  family,  nothing  but  disap- 
pointment can  resiilt  cither  from  in-breeding,  or  from  stinting 
superior  mares  to  such  stallions.  Mares  of  this  much-crossed 
stock,  well  selected  with  a  view  to  bone,  shape,  action  and  other 
qualities,  would  undoubtedly  throw  valuable  foals  to  properly 
selected  thoroughbred  horses ;  and  I  should  regard  them  as  the 
most  valuable  of  brood  mares,  where  they  posseas  sufficient  size 
and  room.  I  cannot  say  that  I  should  recommend  the  use  of 
the  stallions,  at  all ;  unless  it  be  to  give  a  cross  of  warmer  blood 
and  higher  spirit  to  essentially  cold  races,  as  the  Canadian  or 
Norman.  And  even  then  I  should  judge  them  more  likely  to 
transmit  the  inferior  size  produced  by  in-breeding,  and  the 
coarser  qualities  of  the  blood,  than  the  diluted,  pure  stream. 

In  a  word,  if  I  desired  to  give  blood,  I  would  rather  go  to 
the  fountain-head — and  no  one  will,  I  presume,  dispute  that  it 
is  no  difficult  task  to  find  hoi-ses,  of  the  purest  thorough  blood, 
of  heavier  bone,  larger  muscle,  and  greater  points  of  size  and 


122 


THE  nORSE. 


power,  tlinn  the  onliimry  run  of  Morgan  stall ioim— mid  if  I  do- 
sired  to  bri'od  cart-horses,  I  shonM  prefer  to  fall  back  on  tho 
Cleveland  Hay,  tlu'  Nornuui,  or  the  I'lnich. 

But,  iho  universe  over,  for  general  work,  there  ia  not,  and 
never  will  be  any  thing  comparable  to  a  high  cross  of  tho  very 
best  thorough  blood  on  the  sire's  side,  with  the  very  best  general 
stock  on  the  dam's. 

And  thid  very  best  general  stock,  for  such  breeding  purposes, 
so  far  as  the  United  States  are  concerned,  I  am  willing  to  con 
cede,  is  to  bo  found  on  the  frontiers  of  Vermont,  of  tho  most 
approved  <pudlty. 

In  corroboration  of  my  own  opinion,  on  this  subject,  I  take 
the  liberty  to  8\il)join  a  few  lines  from  that  excellent  horscnian 
and  breeder,  tho  lato  President  of  the  Union  Jockey  Club, 
Mr.  J.  Prescott  Hall,  to  whou.,  on  commencing  this  under- 
taking, I  ai)plied  for  information  on  this  and  other  subjects, 
and  to  whom  I  am  glad  to  record  my  indebtedness  for  invalu- 
able assistance. 

"The  Morgan  horse" — ho  writes  me — "is  not,  in  my  judg- 
ment, a  new  creation.  I  know  them  well  more  than  forty  years 
ago  ;  and  my  father  had  at  one  time  no  less  than  four  stallions 
of  this  breed. 

"  They  are  crosses  from  thoroughbreds,  and  one  of  the  four  to 
whiih  I  have  referred  had  imported  King  William  for  his  sire.  All 
of  them  had  tine  trotting  action,  and  great  speed  in  quarter  races." 

Now  King  William  was  got  by  Ilerod  out  of  Madcap  by 
Snap,  g.  d.  Miss  Meredith,  »fec.  He  was  imported  by  Mr.  Skinner, 
of  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  is  stated,  by  Mr.  C.  H.  Hall,  in  a  MS. 
note  to  the  Stud  Book,  to  have  got  good  stock,  and  left  visible 
traces  of  his  blood  in  Conn.,  oven  down  to  the  year  1828, 
although  ho  had  not  the  advantage  of  having  blood  mares. 

This  is,  directly,  a  case  in  point ;  as  hei'o  was  a  King  Wil- 
liam stallion,  of  known  breed,  passing  as  a  Morgan  horse,  when 
he  had  just  as  much  right  to  bo  called  an  Arab,  or  a  jackass  ; 
and,  of  course,  his  progeny  have  borne  tho  same  title,  and  thus 
Morgan  has  obtained  a  credit  to  which  ho  is,  in  no  sort,  entitled. 

Doubtless,  if  clues  could  be  had  and  traced  out,  we  should 
detect  the  same  process  at  work  every  where  in  the  history  of 
this  stock.    • 


iiisTom 

OF    THE   TROTTING  HORSE. 

I 
I  NOW  nrrlvc,  in  the  duo  courec  of  my  subject,  nt  what  may  be  ' 
called,  without  fear  of  contradiction,  the  most  truly  character- 
istic and  national  typo  of  the  horse,  and  phase  of  horsenumship, 

in  America. 

Ijnean,  of  course,  the  Trotting  Horse,  and  the  riding  anM  \ 
driving  of  Trotters,  as  well  on  the  road,  as  on  courses  regularly 
prepared  for  this  most  popular  of  sports.  — ^ ^ 

And  in  this  place  I  refer  with  pleasure  to  the  beautiful  en- 
graving from  an  excellent  painting  by  Mr.  W.  F.  Attwood,  of 
Young  Black  Hawk,  better  known  as  Vernol's  Black  Hawk, 
who  is  claimed,  and  held  by  many  competent  judges,  to  bo  the 
best  trotting  stallion  now  on  the  road. 

He  was  got  by  Long  Island  Black  Hawk,  out  of  the  Whip 
mare.  She  was  by  old  Kentucky  Whip,  and  her  dam  a  Shak- 
speare  mare,  herself  a  good  trotter.  Old  Black  Hawk  was  by 
Andrew  Jackson,  dam  Sally  Miller  by  Mambrino. 

Andrew  Jackson  was  by  Young  Bashaw,  dam  by  Why-not, 
son  of  imp.  Messenger. 

Young  Bashaw  was  by  the  imported  Barb,  Grand  Bashaw, 
dara  Pearl  by  First  Consul,  &g. 

Sally  Miller  was  by  Mambrino,  a  half-bred  son  of  Messenger, 
her  dam  iinknown.** 

It  is  seen  at  once  by  this  pedigree,  which  may  be  relied  upon 
as  authentic,  that  Vernol's  Black  Hawk  has  a  very  large  pro- 
portion of  pure  thorough-blood  in  his  veins. 

In  Europe,  and  in  England,  perhaps,  more  especially,  tho 

•  Sally  MUler  was  the  dam  of  Long  Island  Black  Hawk,  and  not  Young 
Bashaw. 


124 


■mE  noRRB. 


U80  of  trnttinj;  Iioi-hcs  lioa  dcclinod  in  proportion  to  tho  iiiiprovo* 
ment  of  llic  liif^li-roiulH,  which  hiw  hing  biiici!  (lispcnHcd  witli  tho 
iK'COHHily  (if  triivt'lMiij;  on  horKchack,  ami  cviii  in  ]irivatc  volii- 
clt'H,  tiii'onjj;li  llu'  buprrioritv  of  pouting  and  of  llu-  rapid  nuiil 
and  Hta<^'(>  travelling,  in  the  iirHt  iiiHtanco,  and  of  railroad  eun- 
Vfjanci',  in  the  bocoikI. 

The  nne  of  li^^ht  one-hor«o  vohiclcH,  In  the  conntry,  nnd  ovon 
in  towiiH,  with  tho  oxcoptlon  of  private  cabriolets  and  j)\d»lic 
cal)8,  in  I^oiidon  and  tho  fi;reat  cities,  never  very  general — owing 
partly  to  the  tax  on  jtleaHure-carriageH,  partly  to  other  canscH, 
on  which  1  hhull  t(»uch  hereafter — Iiiih  dccreused  anuiziiigly  in 
recent  years;  us  ninch,  perhaps,  or  more  than  it  has  increased 
in  America. 

It  is  not  difHcuU  to  nnderstand  the  reason  of  this  ;  nor  would 
it  1)0  dangerous  to  projdiesy  that,  in  England,  the  trotting-horso 
will  never  become  generally  jiopuhir,  as  it  is  in  America;  in  a 
word,  that  lu;  will  never  be  kei)t  to  any  extent,  except  by  per- 
Bons  of  great  wealth  ;  wlio,  capable  of  nny  expense,  may  choose, 
in  addition  to  a  full  stud  of  hunters  and  general  horses  for  gen- 
eral purposes,  to  keep  u  flying  trotter  or  two,  for  the  name  of  tho 
thing;  or  by  those  who  intend  to  make  a  gain  of  them,  by 
matching,  as  turf-men  do  of  their  raco-horses. 

The  reasons,  for  this  state  of  things,  are  manifold — first,  per- 
haps, one  may  say,  that  the  spirit  of  the  English  equestrian  is 
thoroughly  set  on  the  saddle,  and  not  on  wlieels.  I  do  not  think 
that  1  ever  knew,  or  lieard  tell  of  such  a  thing,  in  my  life, 
in  England,  as  of  two  gentlemen  going  out  to  take  a  drive  for 
pleasm'e  in  a  light  carriage,  unless  it  were  fast  collegians  driving 
tandem. 

Country  gentlemen,  of  small  fortune,  indeed,  often  keep  a 
dogcart  or  heavy  stanhope,  as  a  means  of  family  loeon.ot'on, 
and  of  paying  visits,  capable  of  carrying  a  week's  baggage,  and 
drawn  by  a  great,  powerful,  ten-mile-an-hour  horse,  often  a 
worn-out  hunter,  who  has  seen  better  days ;  but  use,  not  pleas- 
ure, is  the  object,  and  with  that  use  great  speed  is  incompatible. 
b">  again,  a  smart  tradesman,  in  a  thriving  country  town  or  vil- 
lage, may  find  his  profit  in  keeping  his  fast,  active  nag,  to  drive 
his  stanhope  about  for  orders,  and  on  Sunday  evenings  to  give 
his  pretty  wife  a  country  jaunt  or  airing. 


CIS  or  TK«yrrKR8. 


126 


Trftvolling  nfion\f^-hfi,jtn,n,  n«  tlioy  uso.l  to  bo  called— and 
l)iitcl.erH'  iM.y-,  l.iivo  l..iij?  Hto.ul  ulon,'  in  tlio  ixmHOHHioii  ot  tilHt, 
roally  lant,  tmttn-H  ;  and  tl.cy  were,  nii.«  tiinuB  out  of  ten,  HcrowH, 
crippli'H,  or  toiirlu'd  in  the  wiiul. 

Hut  tlio  rail  Iuih  dono  away  with  the  bngnien,  wlnle  the  oilier 
clanHCH  rciuaiii  in  ntnfn  quo. 

Tl.e  fanner,  an  a  ^v.wy>x\  tl.injf,  one  may  Hay  ninety-nine  tin.oH 
in  a  hundred,  keeps  n.»  vehicle  liKhter  than  his  market  eart,  nor 
any  other  nninuil  to  put  heforo  it  than  ono  of  hi«  light  toam- 
horHeH,  or,  at  hent,  a  hrood  nuire,  or  a  young  th.nj;  whieh  ho 
denpairri  of  HollinK  for  a  hunter  or  a  eharger,  and  which  ho  la 
conseciuontly  breaking  to  liarneHS. 

Every  man,  it  mny  be  miid,  in  short,  in  the  country,  or  in 
country  towns,  who  can  ailord  to  keep  a  horso  for  pleasure,  much 
more  to  keep  two  or  three  horscB,  unless  it  be  those  who  have  a 
carriage  and  pair  for  state  purposes  and  family  use,  keeps  that 
liorse  with  a  view,  occasionally,  to  seeing  the  lioundH— fanners, 
well  t(.  do  in  the  world,  invariably  so  ;  and  the  shopkeepers  and 
buHinoss  men,  brewers,  maltsters,  millers,  coni-dealers,  butchers, 
and  the  like,  even  to  the  village  dc.ctor,  and  the  village  attorney, 
almost  as  fre<iuently  as  the  farmers. 

And  if  Ihey  do  not  aspire  to  the  Earl's  fox  hovnids,  they  are 
constantly  in  the  field  with  the  squire's,  or  the  subscription  nack 
of  harriers,  or  with  the  long  dogs,  in  view  of  "  poor  puss  and 

currant  jelly." 

To  none  of  these  purposes  are  trotting  horses  su'table  ;  and 
before  trotting  horses  can,  ever,  become  generally  popular,  or 
generally  in  use  in  England,  the  whole  spirit  and  tastes  of  the 
English  equestrian  population  must  be  changed,  and  field  sports 
must  give  way  to  road  driving;  which  is  not  a  whit  more  likely 
than  that  road  driving  and  the  trotting  course  will  give  way  to 
fox-hunting,  hare-lumting,  or  coursing  in  the  United  States.    —-7^ 
In  the  United  States,  on  the  contrary,  every  farmer  neces-  \ 
sarily  keeps  his  wagon  and  driving  horse  ;  and,  as  it  costs  him 
no  more  to  keep  a  good  horse  than  a  bad  one,  ho  naturally 
keeps  one  which  can  administer  both  to  his  pleasure  and  his 
self-esteem,  beside  doing  him  yeoman  service  on  the  road  ;  and 
which  may,  probably,  if  he  prove  to  be  something  uncommon,  / 
turn  out  just  such  a  prize  to  him,  as  the  first-class  hunter  would6_ 


mm 


126 


THE  HOKt-I 


to  his  English  contemporjiry,  and  fill  his  pockets  with  hard 
cash. 

In  the  like  manner,  every  tradesman,  artisan,  business  man, 
or  mechanic,  whose  affjvirs  require  the  service  of  a  horse,  in 
America,  keeps,  as  that  by  which  he  can  alone  combine  proiit 
•witli  pleasure,  a  fast  and  liardy  trotter,  of  greater  or  less  speed 
or  power,  as  tlie  nature  of  his  business  may  demand. 

So  also,  or  far  more,  does  the  well-to-do  person,  who  can 
aiFord  a  horse,  or  a  pair,  purely  for  his  amusement,  keep  such 
as  will  afford  him  the  only  amusement  which  is  to  be  had  out 
of  horseflesh  in  America,  as  a  general  rule  ;  I  mean,  of  course, 
trotters  for  the  road,  eitlier  in  harness  or  under  the  saddle— the 
latter  being,  in  fact,  seldom  to  be  seen ;  for  the  two  or  three 
Southern  States,  in  which  hunting  on  horseback  exists  at  all, 
are  an  exception,  and  not  a  rule ;  and,  even  in  these,  the  hunt- 
ing itself  is  an  exceptional  and  class  amusement,  confined  en- 
tirely to  the  aristocratic  planters,  and  never  attempted  by  the 
city  tradesmen.  Farmers,  in  the  usual  sense  of  the  word,  there 
are  none  to  attempt  it,  in  those  States. 

There  is  yet  another  reason,  wherefore  horse-trotting  will 
always  be  a  popular  sport  in  America ;  which  is  this,  that  the 
utility  of  this  class  of  horse  and  the  great  demand  for  it— similar 
to  the  demand  for  hunters  in  England — having  created  a  very 
superior  class  of  animals,  trotting-coursos  naturally  followed — 
as  steeple-chases  have  followed  in  England. 

Now,  horse-racing  and  steeple-chasing  can  never,  from  their 
very  nature,  become,  in  the  true  sense  of  the  yvord,  popula?'. 
The  people  may  love  to  be  spectators,  but  can  never  hope  to 
become  participators  in  them.  Since  the  keeping  up  of  racing 
.  establishments,  or  even  of  hunting-tables,  including  a  large 
number  of  horses — applicable  to  no  possible  purpose  of  imme- 
diate practical  utility — a  large  number  of  servants  of  a  particular 
class,  at  extraordinary  wages,  and  requiring  almost  unbounded 
expenditure,  beside  involving  abundant  leisure,  constant  atten- 
tion, and  the  ownership  of  soil,  can  never  extend  to  others  than 
the  few,  tlie  wealthy  pleasure-seekcs,  of  any  community.  The 
masses  can  never  jjretend  to  those  sports. 

The  trotting-course,  on  the  other  Imnd,  is  common  to  all.  It 
is  the  trial-ground  and  arena  of  the  roadster,  open  to  every  one 


■jfvsiissfssa 


POPDLARITY   OF  TKOTTERS. 


127 


who  keeps  a  hoi-se  for  liis  own  driving,  to  compete  thereon,  ac- 
cordinc.  to  tluit  horse's  pretensions  to  speed  or  endurance.  J^or 
on  it  h!is  the  niillionnaire,  who  keeps  his  regular  trotting  stahle, 
his  private  trotting  cour=^o,  and  liis  private  trainer,  one  iota  ot 
advanta-e  over  the  butcher,  tlie  baker,  or  the  tarnier,  wlio  keeps 
his  one  fast  crab,  trains  it  liimself  into  general  condition  on  the 
road,  and  puts  it  for  a  month  or  two,  into  the  liands  ot  bpiccr, 
Woodruff,  Wheelan,or  some  other  such  tip-top-sawyer,  to  bring 
it  to  its  best  time,  and  trot  i+,  when  the  puree  is  to  be  won. 

TroL.ng,  in  America,  is  the  people's  sport,  the  peoples  pas- 
time, and,  consequently,    is,  and  will    be,   supported   by   tlie  _ 

^'''' And,  as  it  does  for  every  thing  else,  the  demand  creates  the 

thing  demanded.  .    _ 

AVlienever  trotting  becomes  popular,  in  this  sense,  in  Eng- 
land, or  in  Europe  generally,  the  same  demand  will  arise  ;  and 
trotters  will  be  created  in  abundance,  out  of  the  abundant  ma- 
tcrial.whlcli  exists  in  the  noble  half-bred,  and  yet  more  highly- 
bred,  "horses  of  those  countries. 

But  it  is  safe  to  say,  that  it  never  will  become  popular,  and 
that  the  demand  never  will  arise. 

Even  in  America,  at  this  day,  it  is  not  popiilar  with  the 
wealthier  classes  and  those  who  assume  to  be  the  aristocracy ; 
but  is  supported  mainly  by  the  people.  ,        ,.        ,      i 

Regarding  it  in  this  light,  I  must  say  that  it  has  otten  struck 
me  as  somewhat  cockneyish,  not  to  say  snoUish,  on  the  part  of 
American  travellers,  to  go  on,  usque  ad  nauseam,  wondering  why 
there  are  not  such  trotters  in  England  as  there  are  m  the  United 
States,  and  thinking  it  a  great  matter,  for  which  to  brag  over 
the  Old  Country,  because  there  are  no  horses  there  which  can 
do  their  mile  in  the  thirties.  ,      •, ,       , 

I  am  certain  that  if  an  English  traveller  should  make  a  sim- 
ilar rout  about  the  absence  of  hunters  and  steeple-chasers  in 
America,  where  nobody  wants  th.m,  and  should  maintain  such 
a  coch-crowing,  as  do  some  of  our  newspaper  lettei--writers 
soi-disant  horsemen,  and  Parisian  correspondents,  on  the  wan 
of  trottei-s,  over  the  inability  of  American  horses  to  leap  six-fee 
Btone  walls,  or  twenty-five  feet  water-ditches,  he  .,oud  be  se 
down,  in  America  universally,  as  a  conceited  braggadocio  fool 


r 


128 


THE  nORSB. 


of  a  foreif^er,  and  written  down,  at  home,  as  a  prejudiced, 
narrow-minded,  ignorant  ass. 

Another  reason,  inferior  in  practical  truth  to  the  others 
adduced,  but  pliysically  superior,  is  this — tliat  before  American 
trotters  could  ])e  generally  used  in  Great  Britain,  the  whole 
system  of  British  road-making  must  be  altered;  which  is  not 
very  likely  to  occur.  On  an  ordinary  English  Macadamized 
turnpike,  which  is  exactly  the  same  as  the  hardest  central  part 
of  the  New  York  Tliird  Avenue,  Awthout  any  soft  track  along 
side  of  it,  an  American  trotter  would  pound  his  shoes  off  in  an 
hour's  trot,  and  his  feet  off  in  a  week's  driving;  and  this  is 
doubtless,  whatever  may  be  said  of  the  objections  heretofore 
offered,  one  which  must  operate  for  ever  against  the  general  use 
of  trotters  after  the  American  fashion;  unless  they  be  trained 
and  kept  exclusively  for  sporting  purposes.  This,  however,  is 
no  more,  but  even  less,  likely  to  occur,  than  the  total  alteration 
of  the  whole  system  of  English  road-mak»ng,  and  the  entire 
change  of  the  tastes  and  habits  of  the  English  people.  Since 
the  point,  which  renders  the  trotting  horse  so  popular  here, 
would  there  be  wanting,  namely,  his  equal  adaptability  to  or- 
dinary road-driving  and  purposes  of  general  utility,  and  to 
occasional  matching  and  turf-amuseraenio  of  a  peculiar,  though 
inferior  description. 

Considering,  however,  the  American  trotting-horse,  as  he 
now  exists,  in  the  light  of  an  animal  possessing  extraordinary 
qualities  in  a  most  extraordinary  degree,  and  of  one  singularly 
adapted  to  the  state  of  society  in  this  country — in  the  eastern 
and  western  portions  of  it  more  especially — to  the  condition, 
tastes  and  wants  of  the  population,  it  will  be  necessary  to  look  a 
little  to  what  he  is,  to  his  origin,  to  the  means  by  which  he  has 
been  produced,  and  lastly,  to  his  character  and  characteristic 
qualities,  viewed  as  stationary  or  progressive. 

And  tirst,  we  shall  find  that  the  time-trotter,  in  America,  is 
neither  an  original  animal  of  a  peculiar  and  distinct  breed,  nor 
even  an  animal  of  very  long  existence,  since  his  first  creation. 

Secondly,  we  shall  find,  that  in  an  almost  incredibly  short 
space  of  time,  owing  to  the  great  demand  for  and  universal  po- 
pularity of  the  animal,  united  to  a  perfectly  devised,  and  now 
ubiquitously  understood,  system  of  breaking,  training  and  driv- 


-  ^^BS«Ji'4WJWulW»HIIII^ 


THEIB  OBIGtIT. 


129 


ing  him,  so  as  to  develope  all  his  qualities  to  the  utmost,  the 
trotting-hoi-se,  of  high  speed,  good  endurance,  showy  style  of 
going  and  fine  figure,  has  become,  fror.i  a  rarity,  a  creature  of 
every-day  occurrence,  to  be  met  with  by  dozens  in  every  village 
of  the  Eastern  and  Middle  States,  and  scarcely  any  longer 
regarded  as  a  trotter,  unless  he  can  do  his  mile  in  somewhere 
about  two  minutes  and  a  half. 

Thirdly,  it  will  appear  that  the  trotting-horse  is,  in  no  possi- 
ble sense,  a  distinct  race,  b»'eed,  or  family  of  the  horse ;  and  that 
his  qualities,  as  a  trotter,  cannot  be  ascribed  or  traced  to  his  origin 
from,  or  connection  with,  any  one  blood,  more  than  another. 

It  is  true  and  it  is  to  be  regretted,  that  of  trotting-horses,  the 
pedigrees  have  been  so  little  attended  to,  and  probably  from  the 
nature  of  circixmstances  are  so  seldom  attainable,  that  few,  in- 
deed, can  be  directly  traced  Lo  any  distance,  in  blood. 

Enough  is  known,  however,  to  show  that  some  horses  of 
first-rate  powers  have  come  from  the  Canadian  or  Norman 
French  stock  ;  some  from  the  ordinary  undistinguished  country- 
horse  of  the  southernmost  of  the  midland  States ;  some  from  the 
Vermont  family ;  some  from  the  Indian  pony ;  and  lastly, 
some,  mainly,  if  not  entirely,  from  the  thoroughbred. 

To  no  one  of  these  families  can  any  superiority  be  attributed 
in  producing  trotters  of  great  speed.  All  have  shown  their  speci- 
mens, by  mean-  of  which  to  claim  their  share  in  the  production. 

Only,  it  may  be  aflSrmed  generally,  that  while  some  very 
famous  trotting-horses  have  been  nearly,  if  not  entirely,  thorough- 
bred, the  low,  lazy,  lounging,  daisy-cutting  gait  and  action  of  the 
full-blooded  horse  of  oriental  blood,  is  not  generally  compatible 
with  great  trotting  action  or  speed.  Still,  it  is  true  that  the  best 
time-trotters  have  not  the  round,  high-stepped  action,  which  is 
prized  in  carriage-horses,  or  parade  horses  for  show,  and  which 
probably  originated  and  existed  to  the  greatest  extent  in  the 
Flemish  or  the  Hanoverian  horse,  of  the  coldest  of  all  imaginable 
strains  of  blood ;  and  that  they  have,  in  a  great  measure,  the 
long-reaching  stride,  the  quick  gather,  and  the  comparatively 
low  step  of  the  thoroughbred. 

That  a  strong  infusion  of  the  best  blood  adds  both  courage 
and  ability  to  endure,  is  not  doubted ;  and  there  is  much  reason 
for  believing  that  the  animals  most  celebrated  for  xindaunted 
Vol.  II.— 9 


130 


THE  HORSE.' 


i 


/ 


pluck  and  indomitable  perseverance,  have  been  extraordinarily 
high  bred— as  much  so,  to  say  the  least,  as  the  lest  English 
hunters,  thirty  years  ago,  or  as  most  English  hunters,  except  in 
the  grass  counties,  Leicestershire,  Rutlandshire  and  North- 
amptonshire, at  the  present  day. 

Lastly,  it  stands  preeminently  confessed  and  undeniable,  that 
the  speed  and  powers  of  the  trotting-horse  of  America  are  as  yet 
in  a  progressive  and  improving  state.  That  constant  increase  of 
speed  does  not  imply  decrease  of  power  to  endure,  cither  in 
reference  to  time  or  to  the  weight  carried  or  drawn,  but  exactly 
the  reverse.  In  other  words,  the  experience  of  the  day  shows 
that  with  improvement  in  speed,  improvement  in  endurance, 
both  for  distance  and  for  the  weight  to  be  moved,  advances 
likewise.     Nor  that  only,  but  figure,  action,  size  and  appearance 

also. 

That  is  among  the  reasons  which  goes  far  to  disprove  the 
growing  opinion,  that  with  the  efforts  to  increase  speed  in  the 
English  and  American  race-horses,  its  admirers  arc  sacrificing 
bottom,  courage  and  power. 

In  other  words,  that  the  animal  is  degenerating. 

Now  it  is  clear,  that  since  blood  is  more  largely  infused  from 
the  best  horses  into  the  veins  of  the  ordinary  American  road- 
ster, the  endurance  and  the  beauty  of  that  class  of  animal,  as 
well  as  its  speed,  are  increasing  a  hundredfold. 

This  certainly  does  not  go  to  show  that  thorough  blood  is 
deteriorated  itself,  or  the  cause  of  deterioration  in  others;  much 
less  that  as  some  blockheads— I  can  use  no  other  term— have 
arcaed,  it  requires  a  mixture  of  coarse  cold  blood  to  restore  its 

pristine  vi{;or. 

Much  more  conclusively  does  it  controvert,  confound  and 
utterly  condemn  the  foolish,  fanatical,  prick-eared,  false  philoso- 
phy of  the  pundits  of  the  Agricultural  Societies,  who  would  pro- 
hibit the  exhibition  of  speed  at  iheir  fairs ;  as  if  by  being  fast  on 
foot,  horses  lost  the  power  of  staying  a  distance,  or  carrying  or 
drawing  a  weight,  whereas  every  one  knows  the  fact  to  be  the 
very  reverse ;  and  that  there  are  ten  horses  to-day,  in  every 
county  in  the  Union,  which  can  draw  two  men  in  a  wagon  at  a 
rate  of  ten  miles  an  hour,  and  keep  up  their  work,  where  there 


r, 


/ 


THE  PREJUDICE. 


131 


w&'^  one  that  could  do  it  at  the  beginning  of  the  present  half 
century. 

The  only  thing  to  be  expected  now  of  the  Massachusetts 
Agricultural  Society,  is,  that  it  should  exclude  all  women  from 
their  grounds,  who  possess  above  a  low  average  of  good  looks, 
for  fear  the  men  should  neglect  looking  at  fat  pigs,  in  view  of 
the  superior  attractions  of  fair  women. 

It  is  too  little  to  say,  that  such  befogged  and  Bostonian  enact- 
ments are  behind  the  spirit  of  the  age ;  are  utterly  unscientific, 
unpractical,  detrimental  to  the  object  which  they  profess  to 
encourage,  and  indicative  of  a  low,  prejudiced,  one-sided,  exclu- 
sive and  Pharisaical  condition  of  *^he  popular  mind,  where  such 
absurdities  can  be  promulgated  without  calling  forth  gener.'' 
reprobation,  or  awakening  universal  and  inextinguishable  ridi- 
cule. "■"" 

The  Pharisees  have  succeeded,  one  may  say,  for  the  excep- 
tion scarcely  exists  to  prove  the  rule,  in  abolishing  trials  of  speed 
among  race-horses  every  where  east  of  the  Potomac,  and  north 
of  the  Ohio  Rivers.  The  consequence  is,  that  they  have  all  but 
succeeded  in  abolishing  the  thoroughbred  horse  in  the  same 
region ;  and  have  brought  it  to  pass,  that  in  1856  there  are  not 
ten  thoroughbred  stallions  of  proved  blood  and  tried  powers — 
indeed,  not  ten  thoroughbred  stallions,  of  any  kind,  serving 
mares,  where  in  1826  there  were  fifty. 

It  remains  for  two  or  three  generations  hence,  to  show  whe- 
ther the  general  stock  of  the  country  will  have  improved  or 
deteriorated,  by  the  substitution  of  Morgan  and  Black  Hawk 
trotting  stallions,  with  at  most  two  or  three-eighths  of  thorough 
blood  in  their  veins,  and  without  size,  length  or  room,  for  such 
animals  as  Eclipse,  Henry,  Medoc,  Mingo,  Postboy,  Leviathan, 
Trustee,  of  later  days ;  or  as  King  William,  Messenger,  Medley 
and  Wildair,  in  the  brave  times  of  old,  Avhen  men  did  not 
assume  it  necessary,  that  because  they  were  "  virtuous,"  there 
must  needs  be  "  no  more  cakes  and  ale." 

But  it  does  need  the  lapse  of  generations  to  enable  the  expe- 
rienced breeder,  who  takes  proof  and  the  tested  wisdom  of  ages, 
instead  of  new-fangled  notions,  for  his  guide,  to  foresee  what  the 
effect  will  surely  be. 

Nor  does  it  need  a  second-sighted  eye,  or  a  prophetic  tongue, 


132 


THE  nORSB. 


to  discover  and  declare,  that  if  trials  of  speed  bo  prohibited  to 
trotters  In  the  next  quarter  of  a  century,  the  trotter  will  be  as 
nearly  extinguished  in  the  North  and  the  "West,  as  the  thorough- 
bred now  is;  and  that,  as  the  men  of  1856  have  seen  trotting  half- 
breds  take  the  place,  on  Long  Island  and  in  New  Jersey,  of  tiio 
noble  thoroughbred  stallions  of  1826,  so  will  the  men  of  1886 
see  cart  and  Oonestoga  stallions,  in  the  place  of  the  Morgans 
and  the  Black  Hawks  of  to-day. 

Whether  the  Agricultural  Societies  who  esteem  speed  as  a 
crime  in  a  horse,  just  as  their  Puritan  ancestors  held  beauty  in 
a  woman  a  delusion  and  a  snare,  accept  the  consequence  of  their 
action,  as  a  desirable  conclusion,  and  "  a  consummation  devoutly 
to  be  wished,"  or  no — it  is  the  cert..uii  and  legitimate  conclusion 
thereof. 

If  it  be  persisted  in,  the  same  Tliebans,  who  rejoice  and  con- 
sider it  "  a  Providence  "  that  there  is  not  a  "  four-mile-heater," 
north  of  the  Potomac,  will  have  equal  cause  to  rejoice,  within 
another  quarter  of  a  century,  that  there  is  not  a  horse  that  can 
trot  his  mile  within  four  minutes,  or  do  his  eight  miles,  instead 
of  his  twenty,  within  the  hour. 

This  will  be  tJieir  deed  ;  but  they  must  n  '  '^xpect  to  be  able 
to  shelter  themselves  from  the  just  reproach  oi  the  country,  or 
from  the  silent  scorn  of  time,  by  any  plea,  such  as  Mi.cl>eth's  to 
bleeding  Banquo's  shadow — 

"Thou  canst  not  say  I  did  it ; " 


for  it  is  already  found  as  a  true  bill  of  indictment  against  them, 
and  there  are  those  awake  to  the  subject,  who  will  suffer  no 
nolle  prosequi  to  be  entered  up  for  their  protection,  from  the 
consequences  of  their  more  than  moon-struck  madness. 

Persoiis  who  only  see  the  trotting-horse  as  he  now  exists,  an 
established  institution  of  the  country,  and  perhaps  remember 
that  within  their  own  memory,  time  has  been  brought  down 
from  2m.  40s.  to  the  as  yet  unequalled,  though  we  may  not 
doubt  to  be  surpassed  hereafter,  2m.  24^8.  of  Flora  Temple,  will 
doubtless  be  astonished  to  learn  how  modern  is  the  date  of  this 
celebrated  creation,  and  how  recent  the  establishment  of  trotting 
courses,  and  the  proclamation  of  purses  for  trotters. 


TOM  THCMB. 


138 


"  The  first  time,"  I  quote  from  the  old  Spirit  of  the  Times 
of  December  20,  1856,  «  ever  a  horse  trotted  in  public  for  a 
stake,  was  in  1818,  and  that  was  a  match  against  time  for 
$1  000."  The  word  ever  in  the  above  quotation,  I  presume,  to 
have  reference  to  America,  as  trotting  matches  on  the  road  in 
England  had  certainly  taken  place  earlier  than  that  date. 

"  Tlie  match,"  continues  the  writer,  "  was  proposed  at  a 
Jockey  Club  dinner,  where  trotting  had  come  under  discussion  ; 
and  the  bet  was,  that  no  horse  could  bo  produced  which  could 
trot  a  mile  in  three  minutes.  It  was  accepted  by  Major  William 
Jones,  of  Long  Island,  and  Col.  Bond,  of  Maryland ;  but  the 
odds  on  time  were  immense.  The  horse  named  at  the  post 
was  'Boston  Blue,'  who  won  cleverly,  and  gained  great 
renown.  He  subsequently  was  purchased  by  Thomas  Cooper, 
the  celebrated  tragedian,  who  drove  him  on  several  occasions 
between  this  city,"  New  York,  «  and  Philadelphia,  thereby 
enabling  himself  to  perform  his  engagements  in  either  city  on 

alternate  nights. 

"  It  was  as  late  as  1830  before  the  fast-trotting  courses  were 
established,  and  public  purses  offered  in  this  country.  Edwin 
Forest  made  hie  best  time  in  1834,  and  Sally  Miller  hers  in 
1833,  and  at  that  date  2m.  31^6.  was  tie  maximum  of  speed." 

There  is  an  error  in  the  above  statement,  concerning  the 
date  of  the  first  establishment  of  trotting  courses  and  offer  of 
purses,  as  I  suspected  from  my  own  recollection,  on  first  reading 
it— havina  seen  Tom  Thumb  trot  his  match  in  England,  while 
an  under-graduate  at  Cambridge,  on  the  Northampton  turnpike- 
road,  much  earlier  than  the  date  named,  which  would  hardly 
have  been  the  case  had  not  trotting  been  already  a  well-under- 
stood sport  in  the  United  States. 

By  reference  to  that  excellent  old  work,  the  American 
Farmer,  by  the  late  J.  S.  Skinner,  a  useful  and  honored  con- 
tributor to  all  that  belongs  to  sporting  in  America,  I  find  in 
vol.  iv.   p.  265,  for  1823,  the  first  distinct  notice  of  trotting 

courses.  i  •  u  • 

It  is  embodied  in  an  act  passed  March  30,  1831,  which  is 
published  in  the  Farmer,  in  connection  with  the  "  Articles  and 
Rules  of  the  New  York  Association  for  the  improvement  of  the 
breed  of  horses." 


134 


THE   HORSE. 


""  Tliia  Association,  it  appears,  was  instituted  in  the  year  first 
named,  1823,  founded  on  the  act  alluded  to,  bearing  date  of  two 
years  previous. 

This  enactment  nins  thus — 

"  Be  it  enacted  by  the  people  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
represented  in  Senate  and  Assembly,  that  from  and  after  tho 
passing  of  this  act,  the  training,  pacing,  trotting  and  running  of 
horses,  upon  regulated  courses  and  upon  private  property,  in 
the  county  of  Queens,  is  hereby  declared  to  be  exempted  and 
freed,  for  and  during  the  period  of  five  years,  from  tho  passing 
of  this  act,  from  tho  provisions  and  penalties  of  the  act,  entitled, 
'  An  act  to  prevent  horse-racing,  and  for  other  purposes.' " 

There  are  farther  clauses  to  this  act,  but  as  it  is  my  object, 
at  present,  only  to  fix  dates,  it  is  unimportant  to  refer  to  these. 

On  page  415  of  the  same  volume,  I  find  the  following 
notice,  taken  from  a  Glasgow  paper;  evidently  showing  that, 
although  there  might  as  yet  bo  no  regular  trotting-courses  or 
public  purses  given,  the  art  of  making  and  training  trotters  was 
already  well  understood  ; — 

"  The  public  were  informed  of  the  speed  of  two  American 
trotters,  the  property  of  Mr.  Aldridge,  and  it  seems  two  others, 
lately  arrived,  are  superior  in  speed,  and  equal  to  17  miles  an 
hour.  Tliey  are  the  property  of  a  gentleman  named  Bening- 
borough  ;  one  of  them  was  matched  to  do  eight  miles  in  half  an 
hour  on  the  Cambridge  road,  on  Thursday,  and  to  carry  11  stcne, 
154  lbs.  The  horse  is  an  iron  gray,  rat-tailed,  and  is  sixteen 
hands  high.  The  match  was  for  100  sovereigns  at  a  week's 
notice,  and  the  horse  did  his — 

fR(n.««o. 

Fifth  mile  in    .     .     3  32 
Sixth       "       .     .      3  50 
Seventh  "...     3  40 
Eighth    «       ,     .      3  62 
55s. 
"  The  horse  broke  once  in  the  sixth  mile.    The  other  horse 
was  matched  to  trot  17  miles  in  one  hour  on  the  same  road,  for 
200  sovereigns." — Glasgow  Herald. 

I  can  find  no  farther  mention  of  these  horses,  either  in  the 
English  or  American  sporting  publications  of  that  date,  unless 


Firat  mile  in  .     . 

min.  MO. 

3  30 

Second     "     .     . 

3  29 

Third       "       . 

.     3  26 

Fourth     «    .      . 

3  36 

making  the  whole  eight  miles  in  28m 


KABLY   MATCIIM. 


135 


one  of  them  be  alluded  to  in  a  brief  notice  in  the  Annals  of 
Sporting,  an  English  work,  vol.  v.,  p.  74.  "  On  the  lOtli  De- 
cember, 1823,  the  American  Roan  started  to  do  one  milo  m 
3m.  68.',  upon  the  trot,  for  50  sovereigns,  and  won,  with  two 

seconds  to  spare."  ,      *        • 

The  next  records  which  I  find,  are  tliese  from  the  American 
Farmer  of  the  following  year,  1824. 

"  New  YonK,  Junt  2. 
«  TBOTriNQ.— Last  Monday's  Evening  Post  contained  an  ac- 
count of  an  extraordinary  trotting  match  on  Sunbury  Common, 
En-land,  in  harness.   Mr.  Giles  trotted  his  marc  28  m.lcs,  m  the 
short  space  of  one  hour  and  57  minutes,  which  is  said  to  be  un- 
paralleled, and  that  there  is  nothing  like  it  on  record.     But  let  us 
see  how  it  compares  with  the  match  between  Mr.  Somermdyke  s 
horse  Topgallant,  and  Mr.  Coster's  mare,  Betsey  Baker,  who  were 
matched  for  one  thousand  dollars  a  side,  to  trot  three  miles  in 
harness,  on  the  Jamaica  road.     They  started  yesterday  at  one 
o'clock,  the  horse  driven  by  Mr.  Purdy,  the  mare  by  Mr.  How- 
ard    Tlie  hoi-se  had  the  advantage  in  starting,  as  he  came  up 
hard  in  hand,  with  fine  action,  a  little  ahead  of  the  mare.    The 
word  was  given  to  start,  and  the  horse  led  the  mare  in  fine  style 
and  beat  her  about  40  yards,  performing  the  three  measured 
English  miles  in  the  short  space  of  eight  minutes  and  42  seconds 
Topgallant  last  summer  performed  12  miles  on  the  road  in  39 
minutes,  beating  the  celebrated  horse  Dragon,  owned  by  T. 
Carter     All  three  of  the  above  horses  were  raised  on  Long 
Island.    Mr.  Purdy  trotted  the  Albany  pony  on  the  same 
ground,  against  Mr.  Howard  one  mile,  which  was  performed  in 
2m    408     The  Boston  Blue  horse  trotted  his  eighteen  miles 
within  the  hour,  and  the  Tredwell  mare  trotted  her  mile  in  2m. 
34s.    Tlie  two  last  horees  were  taken  to  England,  and  won 
several  matches."— ^vm»^  Po«<.  , 

I  presume  that  Boston  Blue  is  the  rat-tailed,  iron-gray,  men- 
tioned above  in  the  «  Cambridge  Road"  match,  elsewhere  called 
the  Slate-colored  American,  and  the  Tredwell  marc,  the  brown 
mentioned  in  the  same  extract.  Boston  Blue  is  the  hoi«e  re- 
corded in  the  quotation  from  the  Spirit  as  winning  a  thousand 
dollars  by  doing,  for  Major  Wm.  Jones,  the  first  mile  ever  re- 
corded in  three  minutes,  in  1818.    The  Tredwell  mare,  it  ap- 


136 


THIC  HOBBK. 


pears,  if  the  above  Btatement  be  correct,  had  already,  in  1824, 
brought  the  time  down  below  the  forties ;  but  for  many  years 
afterwfi.  1  ..  2m.  40h.  hoi-se  wan  not  an  every-day  occurrence, 
even  among  those  considered  extra  fast,  while  a  thrcc-miimte 
horse  was,  until  very  recently,  considered  extraordinary  as  a 
private  gentleman's  roadster. 

Again,  in  the  same  year,  we  find  the  following  notice  of  a 
road-match,  done  nearly  at  the  same  rate  as  those  previously 
noticed,  which  was  evidently  about  the  top  time  of  the  day. 

"  On  Saturday  last,  for  a  bet  of  $100,  a  horse  of  Mr,  Van 
Buren's  was  trotted  to  a  wagon,  without  collar  or  traces,  six 
miles  in  28  minutes.  The  time  allowed  was  34  minutes,  and 
the  performance  wc?  done  on  the  Jamaica  turnpike  from  the 
12th  to  the  Cth  mile-stone.  The  horse  came  in  without  fatigue, 
although  the  whole  of  the  tire  came  off  one  of  the  wheels."— 
New  York  Paper. 

Tlie  trick  of  the  match  last  named,  lies  in  the  animal  having 
drawn  the  greater  part  of  the  load  by  the  bit,  in  its  mouth, 
although  it  is  probable  that  the  shafts  were  attached  pretty 
firmly  to  the  belly-band,  and  there  may  have  been  a  breast- 
plate. 

In  the  year  1825,  from  the  same  source,  the  American 
Farmer,  which  is  the  only  responsible  guide  on  such  matters 
until  1829,  when  its  editor  commenced,  in  September,  the  pub- 
lication of  the  American  Turf  Register,  I  derive  the  account  of 
the  following  match. 

"  The  lovers  of  fine  trotting  were  gratified  yesterday  morn- 
ing by  witnessing  a  match  between  a  bay  horse  belonging  to 
Mr.  Russel,  and  Mr.  Howard's  sorrel  horee,  Defiance,  for  a  purse 
of  $1,000.  The  distance  was  three-mile  heats,  and  the  purse 
was  won  by  Defiance  in  very  handsome  style.  The  first  heat 
was  won  by  t'le  bay  horee,  but  it  is  presumed  that  Defiance 
would  have  come  in  ahead,  if  he  bad  not  lost  a  shoe.  The  dis- 
tance was  performed  as  follows — 

First  heat,         .  .  .  .    9ni-  Us. 

Second "      .  .  .  .  9m.  OSs. 

Third    "  .  .  .  .9m.  06s. 


Whole  nine  miles  in 


27ra.  25s." 


^S-^'^^--^  ■' 


NEW   -JOBK  TROTTINO  CLDB, 


187 


On  a  later  pngo  of  tlio  Bnrno  volume,  there  is  a  record, 
which,  as  it  relates  to  an  English  match,  it  is  not  worth  the 
while  to  extract  entire,  to  the  ettect  that  "Mr.  Willan  s  horse, 
which  beat  the  Slate-colored  ytmem-an"— Boston  Blue,  I  nna- 
gi„c_«  w«8  backed  to  trot  three   ntilcs  in  nine  minutes,  lor 

100  miineus."  j    r », 

The  horse  did  his  first  mile  in  2m.  538.,  and  at  the  end  ot  tlio 
second  mile  had  12  seconds  to  spare  ;  but  when  a  hundred  yards 
from  home  he  broke,  and  was  so  hemmed  in  by  the  crowd  when 
turned  back,  that  he  could  not  clear  himself,  and  lost  his  match 

by  5  seconds.  ,       i      • 

This  system  of  turning,  by  the  way,  when  a  horse  breaks,  is 
one  of  the  erroi-s  in  English  trotving  rules,  which  has  militated 
against  all  progress  or  improvement.  A  horse  loses  enough  by 
beiii''  pulled  down  into  his  stroke  again,  as  every  driver  knows. 
If  lie^must  turn  back,  an  unsteady  horse,  such  as  Pelham,  would 
be  distanced  every  time  he  started.  .  .       e 

This  year  brings  iis  to  what  may  be  called  the  origin  ot 
authorized  and  authenticated  trotting,  as  in  it  was  established 
the  association  of  which  this,  from  the  same  journal  ot  May  19, 
1826,  is  the  first  record  extant.  ^ 

"The  New  York  Trotting  Club  was  got  up  last  year  witli  a 
view  of  improving  the  speed  of  road  horses,  which  they  con- 
sider the  most  useful  of  their  species,  and  it  met  with  great  en- 
couragement from  the  admirers  of  that  noble  and  most  useful 
class  of  animals  ;  th.  following  are  the  inducements  offered  by 
the  Club  to  persons  owning  good  hoi-ses  to  train  and  enter  them 
for  the  prizes,  and  by  these  means  many  horses  whoso  speed  is 
now  in  obscurity  will  be  brought  into  notice,  and  consequently 
their  value  enhanced.  The  Club's  course  is  near  the  Jamaica_^  j 
Turnpike,  aboiit  a  mile  below  the  Union  Course,  L.  I. 

"The  first  day's  purse  this  spring,  of  $200,  will  be  trotted 
for  under  the  saddle,  on  the  16tli  inst.,  at  2  p.m.     Two-mile 

"Second  day,  the  17th,  a  purse  of  $200,  to  be  trotted  for  m 
harness.    Two-mile  heats.  ,      ^y        a 

"Tliird  day,  the  18th,  a  sweepstake  of  $200,  under  the  sad- 
dle ;  three-mile  heats,  open  for  trotters,  rackers,  and  pacers. 

«  A  piece  of  plate  is  to  form  the  half  of  each  purse. 


138 


THE  nnnflK. 


"  Tlio  woijjflit  to  bo  carried  5a  160  lbs.  for  tho  fiftddlo,  and  a 
feather  for  harness. 

"  llorHOrt  t..  bo  entered  tho  day  previous  at  John  K.  Snodo- 

cor's,  at  4  o'clock,  I'.  M."  _ 

To  which  the  editor  mhls  the  folb.wing  exhortation  ;— »  Wiiy 
are  not  clubs  like  tho  above  formed  in  this  vicinity  ?  It  would 
afford  an  excellent  test  for  tho  speed  and  value  of  h,ini,xH 
liorrtofl,  as  the  turf  does  for  the  race-horse.     Who  will  set  it 

a-going?" 

It  is  curious  to  read  such  words,  dated  only  thirty  years  ngo, 
and  to  h.(.k  at  the  changes  which  have  ensued  within  so  short  a 
space.  Then  trotting-lioi-ses  were  scarce  in  existence,  and  but 
one  course  in  the  Union,  while  race-horses  and  racing  were  as 
common  as  flowers  in  May.  Now,  a  fast  trotter  is  in  every  third 
wagon  you  meet  on  tho  road,  trotting  courses  meeting  you  at 
every  corner,  while  racing,  and  all  that  pertains  to  it,  except 
in  a  few  Southern  States,  of  which  long  may  it  continue  tho 
boast  and  glory,  has  every  where  fallen  into  abeyance  among 
us,  and  seems  to  hang 

"  Quite  out  of  fttMilon,  like  n  rusty  mail 
In  monumental  mockery." 

The  next  wo  learn  from  tho  Neio  York  Gazette,  May  16, 
1826,  that,  "The  trotting  purse  of  $200  was  contested  for  yes- 
terday by  Screws,  Screwdriver  and  Betsey  Baker.  It  was  won 
in  handsome  style  by  Screwdriver  in  two  heats.  The  lirst  twc 
miles  in  5m.  36s. 

"The  second  two  miles  in  5m.  388. 

«  $100  in  money  and  $100  in  silver  plate  were  delivered  by 
tho  Vice-president  with  an  appropriate  speech.  The  owners 
and  friends  of  the  winning  horse  gave  a  splendid  dinner  and 
champagne  at  Snedecor's  tavern,  where  tho  following  horses 
were  entered  for  this  day's  purse. 

"Two-mile  heats  in  harness.  Entries— Tom  Tliumb,  by 
Garvey  Q.  Brown;  Screws,  by  Blank  ;  Jersey  Kate,  by 
McGuire.     Great  sport  is  expected." 

I  find  no  record  of  the  farther  notice  of  this  meeting,  nor  of 
the  year,  uutQ  the  Autumn  meeting  on  tho  Union  Course,  L.  I., 
October  3, 1826. 


-^  '^TMWHBHiAMWg 


RATn-EK   AND   8CRKWDUIVKR. 


180 


by 
by 


Wlien,  on  tho  Bnmo  day  on  which  Mr.  Stcvtnis'  oh.  f.  Janet 
won  tho  AHH.uMiition'H  purrto  of  tour-milo  hcutH— tho  HrHt  in  7m. 
488,  tho  «»i'ciin(l  in  a  ciinter,  no  tinio  ki'iit. 

"Tho  silver  phito  of   tho  Now  York  Trottinj;  (Muh  was 
tTOltfd  for  in  imrnoHrt,  two-niilo  hoiitH,  tit  11  o'cbck,  by  TroiibU', 
ScrowH,  Tom  Thumb,  and  Lady  Pluck. 
"  Won  l)y  Trouhlo  in  r>.27— 5.;U. 

"At  four  o\dock  in  the  al'tornoon,  Jlotscy  Ihikor,  Huckskin, 
Bhakospoaro  and  liob  Roy  trotted  for  n  Bweopstakcs  of  $100. 
thrce-milo  heats. 

"Betsey  Ihvkor  won  tho  pnrHo,  l)y  takinj?  tho  lii-st  and  third 
beats.     Shakeapearo  won  the  second  heat. 
"Time,  8.21,  8.20,  8.19." 

Herewith  cIohcs  tho  brief  «>f  all  tho  American  trotting,  on 
rogular  courses,  of  tho  year  182(5. 

Of  the  foUiJwing  year,  1827,  wo  httvo  somewhat  fuller  ac- 
counts, and  those  of  horses  whose  names,  as  well  as  those  of 
their  riders,  are  still  housohohl  words  among  our  sporting  men, 
ami  who  were  still  i)erfori.  iig  and  winning  green  laurels  on  tho 
Turf,  within  my  own  personal  recollection. 

"A  trotting  match  against  time  was  decided  yesterday- 
April  23— on  the  Trotting  Course,  Long  Island.    The  conditions 
of  the  bet  were,  to  trot  fifteen  miles  in  harness,  fifteen  within 
the  hour ;    which  was  performed  by  the  Long  Island  hor&o 
Whalebone,  in  fifty-six  minutes,  notwithstanding  tho  heaviness 
of  the  coui-so,  owing  to  tho  rain  which  fell  die  night  preceding, 
and  in  the  forenoon  of  tho  day  of  tho  race.    Tho  14tli  mile  was 
accomplished  in  3m.  10s.,  and  tho  last,  tho  15th,  in  3m.  Ss.— 
and,  what  is  very  remarkable,  the  horso  came  in  at  the  end  of 
the  race  in  gallant  style,  and  appearing  not  more  distressed  than 
the  common  run  of  horses  woidd  in  performing  the  same  dis- 
tance at  the  rate  of  eight  miles  tho  hour.   The  owner  has  offered 
to  trot  him  seventeen  miles  in  an  hour  for  a  thousand  dollars. 

"  Ameb.  Fakmeb." 

Again,  t  i     i 

"  A  trotting  match  took  place,  October  3,  on  the  Long  Island 

Course,  between  the  celebrated  hoi-se  Rattler,  owned  by  Mr. 

Wm.  Jackson,  and  Screwdriver,  the  property  of  Mr.  Brown, 

for  one  thousand  dollars  a  side,  two-mile  heats. 


140 


THE  HbRSB. 


"  At  starting,  Screwdriver  had  the  pole. 

"  The  horses  went  off  in  good  style  head  and  head  for  some 
distance,  when  Rattler  made  a  break,  and  in  pulling  up  to  regain 
his  trot,  lost  between  fifty  and  sixty  yards.  By  tlie  good  man- 
agement of  hw  v'dorj  he  gained  gradually  on  his  opponent,  and 
finally  won  t'le  htut  by  about  a  head. 

"  The  second  leat,  the  horses  again  went  off  head  and  head. 
Eattler  made  another  break,  which  left  him  considerably  in  the 
rear;  but  liaving  more /bo^  than  his  opponent,  soon  regained  his 
lost  ground,  passed  him,  and  won  the  race  in  fine  style.  Rattler 
was  ridden  by  Mr.  M.  Clintock ;  Screwdriver,  by  Mr.  White 
Howard. 

"  This  match  was  certainly  the  greatest  treat  that  amateurs 
have  probably  'vitnessed  on  this  or  any  other  turf  in  the  annals 
of  trotting. 

"  Time  of  the  first  heat,  5m.  24s.     Second  heat,  5m.  26s. 

"  JVew  York  Paper^'' 

I  cai-not  discover  any  records  of  the  regular  meetings  or  the 
contests  for  the  purses  of  this  year,  the  absence  of  any  authentic 
worlc  devoted  exclusively  to  sporting  up  to  a  period  of  two  years 
later,  rendering  it  almost  impossible  to  get  at  facts  worthy  of 
record  as  authen'^ic. 

From  th's  late.  i\o\vever,  trotting  may  be  regarded  as  a  tho- 
roughly au  the  jdc  and  Jf^gitiraate  sport,  as  in  the  next  year  a 
second  Assoc' ation  and  trotting  course  was  established  in  the 
second  city  of  the  u nion,  and  :>om  that  day  the  progress  of  the 
sport  has  still  been,  without  a  cLeck,  onward  and  upward. 

IIUKTING   PAKK   ASSOCIATION,   PHILADELPHIA. 


"The  meeting  for 


this  Association  was  held  at  the  Indian 
Queen  Tavern,  South  4tli  street,  Philadelphia,  February  8, 1828. 
The  object  of  the  Association  was  such  as  ought  to  induce  sim- 
ilar ones  at  all  the  country  towns.  Tliey  would  promote  a  fond- 
ness for  fine  horses,  would  increase  their  number,  and  greatly 
augment  the  value  of  the  capital  wliich  must  always  exist  in  the 
article  of  horses.  The  purpose  of  the  Association  is  clearly  ex- 
plained in  the  first  article,  as  follows. 

"  Akticlk  1.     For  the  encouragement  of  the  breed  of  fine 


HUNTING  PARK  C0UK8E. 


141 


Worses  CBpecially  that  most  valuable  one  known  as  the  trotter, 
I  'exTaordinary  powers  cannot  be  developed  or  proper^ 
Itoted  without  trials  of  speed  and  bottom,  and  xn  order  to 
Xt  those  vicious  practices  which  often  occur  on  Uie  com.e 
where  it  is  not  subject  to  the  government  and  direction  of  au 
Association,  empowered  and  resolved  to  maintain  good  order- 
tsubscribers  agree  to  associate  under  the  name  and  title  of  the 
Hunting  Park  Association."  ,  j  v„  „ 

To  copy  the  remainder  of  the  articles  and  rules,  would  be  a 
needless  waste  of  space  ;  but  it  may  be  briefly  stated  that-The 
government  of  the  Association  is  vested  in  a  President  two  Vice- 
presidents,  and  seven  Managers,  to  be  elected  annually. 

"No  new  member  to  be  admitted  without  the  consent  of 
two-thirds  of  the  Board  of  Managers. 

« Annual  subscription,  ten  dollars.  .„    •    i    . 

"Every  rider  to  be  neatly  dressed  in  a  fancy  silk  jacket, 
■jockey  cap  and  boots,  and  all  horses  to  carry  weight  accoraing 
to  age,  as  follows— 

'^  In  aged  horse,  ....        J  ^0  pounds 

Six  years, \f        , 

rive  years, i29      « 

Four  years, 190       « 

Three  years, ;       t  .        ^     e 

Mares,  fillies,  and  geldings  allowed  three  pounds.  Intervals  of 
thirty  minutes  between  heats  of  four  miles,  twenty  minutes  be- 
tween heats  of  three  miles,  and  fifteen  between  every  other  heat. 
"All  combinations  and  partnership  between  horses  pro- 
hibited, and  their  owner  never  again  allowed  to  enter  a  horse. 
A  horse  must  win  two  heats  to  win  a  race,  unless  he  distance 
all  others  at  one  heat ;  but  if  three  horses  win  each  a  heat,  no 
other  horse  to  start  against  them. 

The  distance  on  four-mile  heats  is  fixed  at    .     .    ffyf''^^- 
three  "  "       •    •      240 

two  "  "       .•     •    160    ' 

«  Art  26  All  trials  for  speed  shall  be  under  the  saddle, 
unless  directed  otherwise  by  a  majority  of  the  members  of  tins 
Association,  or  two-thirds  of  the  officers  of  the  same ;  but  the 
first  day's  and  largest  purse  shall,  in  all  cases,  be  contended  tor 


142 


THE  HORSE. 


under  the  saddle.  When  trotting  in  harness  is  permitted  and 
authorized,  the  officers  of  the  Association  shall  give  notice  of 
the  same,  and  prescribe  the  rules,  at  least  one  month  before  the 
purse  is  trotted  for. 

"  PEBFOBJIANCES  ON  THE  COUKSE  OF  THE  HDNTINO  PARK  ASSOCIATION 
FOB   THE    IMPROVEMENT   OF   TBOTTING   HORSES. 

"  First  match  was  on  the  15th  May,  1828,  when  three  horses 
were  entered  for  the  Association's  purse  of  $300,  and  a  splendid 
cup ;  viz..  Screwdriver,  Betsey  Baker,  and  Topgallant. 
—     "  Distance,  three-mile  heats. 

"  Screwdriver  won  the  two  first  heats,  beating  Betsey  Baker 
by  a  few  feet. 

"  Time  of  performance — first  heat,  8m.  2s. ;  second  heat, 
8m.  lOs. 

"  Tliis  was  the  best  time  then  on  record."  It  has  been  done 
since  by  Dutchman  in  7m.  32^8.,  and  Lady  Sufiblk  in  7m.  40^8.— 
7m  56s.* 

"  Second  day'b  Spring  races,  16th  May,  Whalebone,  Creeper, 
Gentle  Kitty,  Grey  Squirrel,  and  Moonshine,  were  entered,  two- 
mile  heats,  purse  $200,  and  a  handsome  silver  cup. 

"  Whalebone  took  the  two  first  heats,  distancing  Gentle  Kitty 
and  Moonshine  first  heat.     Distance,  two-mile  heats. 

"  Performance — first  heat,  5m.  408. ;  second  heat,  5m.  388. 

"October  21,  1828.  The  Fall  Races  took  place.  On  the  first 
day,  Topgallant  and  Paul  Pry  were  entered.  Topgallant  took 
the  two  first  heats,  purse  $200,  and  a  silver  cup.  Distance,  two- 
mile  heats. 

"  Performance — fii-st  heat,  5m.  558. ;  second  heat,  5m.  358, 

"  October  22,  second  day.  Spot,  Paul  Pry,  and  Ephraini 
Smooth.  Purse..  $300.  Distance,  four-mile  heats.  Spot  won 
the  two  lirst  heats  with  ease. 

"Performance — first  heat,  11m.  34s. ;  second  heat,  11m.  408. 

"  In  the  afternoon  of  said  day,  the  following  fillies  contended 
for  the  Colt  and  Fillies'  Purse,  $50,  and  a  silver  cup  of  the  same 
value.     Sally  Miller  and  Lady  Washington. 

Sally  Miller,  firet  heat,  .  .  .  3m.  9s. 
Lady  Washington,  second  heat,  .  .  3m.  68. 
Sally  Miller,  third  heat,      .        .         .        3m.  48. 

*  See  Note  4,  p.  .07. 


•"^ma^ 


mm 


TOPGALLANT. 


143 


«  March  19, 1829.    The  following  horses  were  started  for  a 
puree  of  $200,  as  second-rate  horses.     Distance,  two-mile  heats. 
Creeper,  Lady  Jackson,  Lady  Kate,  Moonshine,  and  Paul  Pry. 
Lady  Jackson,  first  heat,  .        .        .        5m.  4(S. 
Moonshine,  second  heat,       .        .        .5m.  43s. 
Moonshine,  third  heat,      .        .        •        5m.  38s. 
«'M'iy  21.     Match  race  between  Topgallant  and  Lphraim 
Smooth,  for  $500  a  side,  three-mile  heats.    The  two  first  heats 
won  by  Ephraim  Smooth. 

"  Time,  first  heat,  8m.  20s. ;  second  heat,  8m.  lOs.  ^^ 

''American  Turf  Register,  Vol.  I.  p.  63. 
In  connection  with  the  Hunting  Park  Course,  of  which  this 
is  the  first  record,  it  will  be  not  out  of  place  to  give,  in  this 
Dlace  a  memoir  of  the  celebrated  old  horse  Topgallant,  who  lor 
mny  seasons  stood  nearly  at  the  head  of  the  American  Trotting 
Turf  and  for  some  reason,  which  it  is  not  easy  now  to  indicate, 
for  it  certainly  was  not  dependent  wholly  on  his  real  merits  as  a 
victor,  for  he  was  often  defeated,  and  not  by  any  means  in 
extraordinary  time-or  what  would  now  be  considered  such— 
was  one  of  the  most  popular  animals  and  the  greatest  favorites, 
with  the  masses  of  the  spectators,  that  has  ever  been  known  on 

the  Turf.  ,       ,  , 

He  stood,  in  this  respect,  as  Lady  Suffolk  in  her  day,  and  as 

Flora  Temple  now. 

He  was  the  "  Old  Top,"  as  Lady  Suffolk  formerly  was  the 
«  Old  Lady,"  of  the  B'hoys,  who  were  always  ready  to  cheer 
them  to  the  echo  in  their  successes,  and  to  sympathize,  as  if  it 
were  pri.vate  calamity,  in  their  defeats.  ,     ,  ,    , 

He  was  a  fine  dashing-looking  animal,  with  a  blood  look,  a 
lean  bony  head,  and  fine  action. 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  CELEBRATED  TBOTTINa  HORSE  TOPGALLANT. 

Among  the  many  horses  which  have  acquired  distinction  on 
the  Hunting  Park  Course,  no  one,  perhaps,  is  so  general  a 
favorite  as  the  veterah  trotter.  Whenever  the  «  Old  Horse,  as 
he  is  familiarly  and  affectionately  called,  appears  upon  the 
course,  his  presence  is  greeted  with  every  demonstration  of 
enthusiasm,  by  the  spectators,  and  in  his  performances  he  is 


Aiiaigses 


lU 


IHE  HORSE. 


watched  with  the  deepest  anxiety.  Tin's  attachment  to  him 
springs  from  his  extreme  age,  joined  to  his  general  good  be- 
havior, and  the  fact  that  ho  is  in  a  great  degree  identilied  with 
tlie  history  of  our  course.  lie  was  one  of  the  first  liorses  ever 
entornd  for  tho  purse  of  the  Hunting  Park  Association,  and  has 
fjince  been  engaged  in  every  regular  contest  which  has  taken 
place  under  their  auspices.  In  all  of  these — though  not  a  con- 
stant winner — he  has  stj  'fiined  an  excellent  repu'  tion,  and 
whenever  defeated,  he  Las  experienced  more  syni  -thy  than 
most  ethers  in  success. 

The  life  of  Topgallant  has  been  strangely  varied.  Of  his 
earlier  years,  but  little  is  known,  though  he  is  generally  be- 
lieved to  belong  to  the  stock  of  the  famous  Old  Messeno-er. 
"Where,  or  by  whom  he  was  bred,  we  have  been  unable  to  learn, 
nor  can  we  ascertain  his  precise  age,  th.,.igh  his  marks  indicate 
twenty-five  years  last  spring.  At  one  period,  he  was  used  as  a 
corainon  coach  hackney  in  New  York,  and  has  at  other  times, 
been  e  uplojed  in  various  laborious  occupations. 

Topgallant  has  changed  owners  so  frequently,  that  it  is 
nearly  impossible  to  procure  a  regular  detail  of  his  perform- 
ances. Some  of  these  have  taken  place  at  Long  Island,  and  in 
parts  of  New  Jei-sey,  but  those  feats  which  are  considered  the 
most  remarkable,  have  been  accomplished  at  Allen's,  now  better 
known  as  the  Hunting  Park  Coui-se.  His  reputation  as  a  trot- 
ter, has  been  established  for  many  years,  and  so  high  did  he 
stand  in  the  opinion  of  those  who  knew  him,  that  at  a  meeting 
of  the  board  of  oflBcers  of  the  Hunting  Park  Association,  held 
to  regulate  the  trotting  for  their  purees,  the  first  year  of  their 
institution,  it  was  resolved,  that  Topgalljint  should  not  be  per- 
mitted to  enter  for  the  second  day's  purse,  inasmuch  as  they 
considei'ed  him  a  first-i-ate  horse. 

On  Thursday,  May  15,  1828,  Topgallant  trotted  against 
Screwdriver  and  Betsey  Baker,  three-mile  heats,  &c.,  for  the 
firet  purse  and  prize  cup,  offered  by  the  Hunting  Park  Asso- 
ciation. On  this  occaaion,  Screwdriver  succeeded  in  win- 
ning. 

Time,  1st  heat,  8m.  2s.— 2d  heat,  8m.  10s. 

Tliough  a  loser,  Top  suffered  nothing  in  the  estimation  of  his 
friends. 


TOPGALLANT. 


145 


Tuesday,  Oct.  25,  1828,  Top  trotted  against  Paul  Pry,  for 
the  Association  third  purse  of  $200,  and  won  by  the  first  two 

heats. 

Time,  1st  heat,  5m.  558.— 2d  heat,  5m.  358. 

Ill  tliis  contest  neither  of  the  horses  were  pushed. 

Wednesday,  20,  1829,  Top  trotted  against  CoUimbus,  Wliale- 
honc,  Buckskin,  and  Ephraim  Smooth,  for  tlie  Association  eighth 
purse,  of  $'M) ;  Ephraim  Smootli  won. 

Time,  1st  heat.  Sin.  27s.— 2d  lieat,  8m.  208. 

Notwithstanding  this  defeat,  the  friends  of  tho  old  horse 
immediately  matched  him  against  the  winner,  Ephraim  Smooth, 
for  three-mile  heats,  $500  a  side,  to  he  trotted  the  following 
day.  Accordingly,  on  the  21  st  May,  the  match  took  place, 
when  Ephraim  Smooth  again  succeeded  in  winning  tho  two 

heats. 

Time,  Ist  heat,  8m.  208.— 2d  heat,  8m.  lOs. 

On  Thursday,  October  15,  1829,  Topgallant,  Ephraim 
Smooth,  Wlialebone  and  Chancellor,  trotted  for  the  purse  of 
$200,  four-mile  heats.  It  was  in  this  contest  that  Topgallant 
proved  the  excellence  of  hip  bottom.  Four  heats  were  trotted. 
Tt)p  came  out  ahead  in  the  first.  The  second  was  prononnced  a 
dead  heat.  Whalebone  took  the  third,  and  old  Top  the  fourth. 
This  trot  afforded  excellent  sport  to  the  spectators,  and  was 
justly  considered  one  of  the  best  that  had  taken  place  on  the 

course. 

Time,  1st  hetvt,  11m.  48.— 2d  or  dead  heat,  11m.  30s.— 3d 
heat,  lira.  ITs.— 4th  heat,  12m.  15s. 

Thursday,  May  20,  1830,  Columbus,  Ephraim  Smooth,  Top- 
gallant, and  Lady  Jackson  trotted  for  tha  Association  purse  of 
$200,  three-mile  heats.  In  this  trial  Columbus  was  victor,  doing 
the  1st  heat  in  8m.  19s.— 2d  heat,  8m.  27s. 

So  sanguine  were  the  friends  of  Topgallant  that  his  loss 
was  attributable  to  untoward  circumstances,  and  not  to  any  in- 
feriority of  speed,  that  they  offered  a  match  of  $500  a  side,  two- 
mile  heats,  against  the  winner,  Columbus,  which  was  accepted. 
In  consequence  of  this  arrangement,  the  match  took  place  on 
the  22d  of  June  following,  when  the  old  horse  won  the  two  first 
heats  with  all  ease. 

His  time  was  as  follows ;— let  mile  on  the  1st  heat,  2m.  46s. 
Vol   II.— 10 


UQ 


THE   H0B8B. 


— 2d  mile  nn  tlie  Ist  heat,  2in.  438. — Ist  mile  on  tlio  2(1  heat, 
2m.  43s. — 2d  mile  on  the  2d  heat,  2m.  4Cb.,  making  5m.  298. 
cacli  heat. 

Toj)  (lid  not  hreak  once  during?  this  porformanco. 
On  tlie  7th  of  Soptenihor,  1830,  a  match  wastrottetl  hctwoeii 
Topgallant  and  a  gray  horno  from  lioston,  called  IJustor,  niilo 
heats,  for  $100  aside.  This  money  Top  won  without  diffi- 
culty,  doing  each  heat  in  2in.  3!)8.  lie  wonld  have  per- 
formed his  2d  heat  some  seconds  sooner,  but  his  rider  held 
him  in. 

On  the  22d  and  23d  of  Oct.,  1.S30,  Top  contended  for  tlio 
purses  oiFered  by  the  Association,  hut  was  unsuccessful  on  both 
days,  Bull  Calf  taking  the  first,  and  Whalebone  the  second, 

Thursday,  May  10, 1831,  Toi>gallant,  Bull  Calf,  Tyro,  and 
Sally  Miller,  entered  for  the  Association  purse  of  $200,  two-niilo 
heats,  and  in  this  trial  Top  succeeded  in  winning  the  2d  and  3d 
lieats,  Sally  Miller  having  taken  the  first. 

Time,  Ist  heat,  5m.  2l8. — 2d  heat,  5m.  2l8.— 3d  heat, 
6in.  10s. 

Thursday,  June  2, 1831,  a  match  race  was  trotted  between 
Topgallant  and  Whalebone,  four-mile  heats,  in  which  Top  took 
the  lead  from  the  score,  and  kept  it  during  the  Ist  and  2d  heats, 
being  only  once  lapped  by  his  opponent. 

Time,  1st  heat,  12m.  58.— 2d  heat,  12m.  2s. 
In   consequence  of  Whalebone's  breaking  iip  continually. 
Top  was  not  pushed,  and,  of  couree,  the  time  was  not  so  good  as 
had  been  expected. 

On  the  20th  Oct.  1831,  Top  trotted  against  Sally  Miller,  Bull 
Calf,  and  the  Clark's  Colt,  two-mile  heats,  for  a  premium  of 
$200,  which  was  taken  by  Sally  Miller. 

Time,  1st  heat,  5m.  26s. — 2d  heat,  5m,  23s. 
On  the  21st,  the  day  following.  Top  entered  with  seven 
horses,  to  trot  three-mile  heats,  for  a  premium  of  $300.  On 
this  occasion,  Top  took  the  second  heat,  distancing  Columbus  in 
8m,  19s,  and  worked  the  winning  horee  very  closely  in  the 
third  and  fourth  heats,  both  of  which  he  lost  by  only  a  few 
feet. 

On  the  29th  of  October,  at  the  Central  Course,  Baltimore,  he 
won  a  purse  of  $250,  tliree-mile  heats — winning  the  firat  and 


LONG   ISLAND   COCU8K. 


147 


tiiml  licats;  second  heat  Uikvn  hy  Dread    Tlio  other  horses 
entered  were  Collector,  Spot,  Clmiiecllor  and  Terror. 

Top  is  a  fine,  clean-lunbed,  well-l()«)kinK  l>ay,  altout  tifteen 
haiuls  liif?li,  and  his  movement  is  snre,  thoiigh  easy.  Kvery 
visitor  to  the  llnntinjr  Pnrk  Course  is  well  accpiainted  with  him, 
and  all,  as  we  remarked  before,  are  attached  to  him.  It  is  said 
that  upon  one  occasion,  a  nuitch  trot  was  formed  in  some  part  of 
Xi'W  JerKey,  neither  of  the  horses  being  known  to  the  adverHe 
parties,  and  when  the  animals  were  brought  upon  the  ground,  a 
Pinall  boy,  who  had  visited  riiiladelphia,  after  h>oking  doKely 
for  some  minutes  at  the  frame  and  movements  of  one  of  them, 
exclaimed,  with  a  burst  of  admiration,  "  By  G— d,  Old  Top."— 
Upon  inquiry,  it  was  found  to  be  so,  and  the  trot  was  declined. 

A  few  days  only  before  the  fall  meeting,  described  above,  on 
the  I  hinting  Park  Course,  the  noted  old  trotter,  Screwdriver, 
finished  his  career,  and  his  obit\iary  is  thus  registered  in  the 
American  Farmer ; — 

*'  The  emperor  of  hordes  is  no  more.  Screwdriver  is  dead. 
He  died  suddenly  on  Sunday,  October  19,  1828,  in  his  training 
stable  at  Philadelphia.  This  is  the  noble  animal  that  trotted 
and  won  at  Phihulelphia  the  silver  cup  and  $300,  on  the  15th  of 
Ihxj  last,  beating  Betsey  Baker  and  Topgallant.  0»i  the  7tli 
inst.  he  won  the  $300  puree  on  Long  Island,  and  wi .  intended 
for  the  $300  purse  to  be  trotted  for  on  Tuesday,  the  2l8t  inst., 
at  Philadelphia.  He  was  considered  the  best  trotter  ever  known 
in  this  or  any  other  country,  of  a  fine  figure  and  excellent  tem- 
per.   He  was  the  property  of  J.  P.  Brown,  of  this  city.''— Phil. 

Paper. 

In  September  of  the  following  year,  1829,  the  publication  of 
the  American  Turf  Eegister  was  commenced,  and  in  its  second 
number  are  the  following  notices  ; — 

"  On  September  7th,  at  half-past  four  o'clock,  a  race  was 
paced  on  the  Long  Island  Course,  for  a  purse  of  $500,  by  the 
celebrated  horses  Bowery  Boy  and  Stranger.  The  distance  was 
two-mile  heats.  The  first  heat  was  paced  in  5m.  04js. ;  the 
second  in  5m.  OTs.  Both  heats  were  won  by  Bowery  Boy ;  the 
first  with  ease;  the  second  by  a  short  distance.  At  a  former 
race  Stranger  was  the  winning  horse." 

"  The  New  York  and  Long  Island  Trotting  Club  announce 


148  THE   HOUSE. 

to  tlie  public,  that  tlioir  trottliij^  and  pacing  Rports  couitnciico  on 
the  Hd,  r)th,  and  7th  days  of  Octohor,  on  the  trotting  omrso  on 
Long  Island,  at  throe  o'clock,  v.  M.  Kuch  day's  purso  will  consist 
of  $200.  The  fii-st,  for  horses  under  the  saddle,  carrying  14.")  lbs., 
three-mile  heats  ;  the  second,  in  harnessi,  carrying  145  lbs.,  thrcu- 
inile  beats,  and  the  third,  for  pacers,  rackers  and  trotters,  carry- 
ing a  leather." 

"  LONG   ISLAND  TROTTINQ  C0UK9E. 

'  An  into'wttting  and  extraordinary  trot  took  place  on  the 
Long  Island  Trotting  Course,  before  a  large  concoui-se  of  people. 
The  purse  was  contended  for  by  Topgallant,  Columbus,  Comet, 
Spot,  and  William.  CoUunbus  was  declared  the  winner  of  the 
first  heat ;  the  second  and  third  heats  were  won  by  Topgallant, 
who  with  difficulty  was  succt^fulin  winning  the  third  heat  from 
Comet. 

min.  tie. 

"  First  heat,  S  mites 8    20 

"Second  " 8    11 

"Tblnl  " 8    14 

"  On  the  same  course,  at  3  p.  m,,  a  paced  match  took  j^lace 
between  Bowery  Boy,  Fireuway,  and  Stranger,  the  last  winning 
the  match  in  two  heats.  The  first  was  well  contested,  Fircaway 
and  Stranger  coming  in  almost  neck  and  neck.  On  the  second, 
all  three  were  nearly  lapped  at  its  termination.  Tlie  race-couree 
was  in  good  order,  and  an  immense  number  of  persons  were  on 
the  ground. 


"  PHILADELPHIA   HUNTING   PAKK  COUliSE. 

"  The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  result  of  the  trotting  on 
this  course ; — 

"  Wednesday,  October  14.    Two-mile  heats. 

"  L«dy  Jackson, 11 

"LadyOhllders, S    S 

"Collector, dist 

"  Time,  lira.  868.— 6m.  41(. 

*'  All  Philadelphia  horses." 


149 
nUNTINO   rAKK  CWUKBK.  ■'»'' 

«'  Same  day.     Four-milo  heats,  in  ImrnesB. 

It 

■'fllrPet«r .,19 

"Tlmo,  llm.  28«.— Second,  Urn.  8Tfc 

"The  winner  is  a  New  York  horse.     Whulehono  is  owned 
in  PhihiiU'lphiii. 

"  Thnrsdaj',  October  15.     Four-mile  heats. 

-Topitallant j    0        1    « 

'•  WliiilDbono j„„- 

» A  ttriiy  from  Now  York,       . 

■•  Elihralin  Wiiiooth,      .  ""*• 

"No  tlmo  kept 

«'  Tliifi  was  one  of  tlic  liandHomest  trots  over  seen  on  this 
course.  Kphraim  Smooth,  however,  after  eontenting  the  first 
two  miles  of  the  first  heat,  side  by  side  with  Topgallant,  lost  a 
slmo  and  was  distanced.  Whalelume  was  side  by  side  with  Top- 
.rnlhiiit  nearly  througliout  the  three  other  heats,  winning  one.^ 
Sie  second  heat  was  drawn,  there  being  some  eomphunts  of 
foul  ridin-^  by  Topgallant's  rider,  who  came  out  ahead."  I  sup- 
pose this 'should  read  flJ7a^•nsr^opgallant'8  rider,  Jis,  if  he  won 
the  heat,  he  would  hardly  complain, 

Tlie  time  of  the  three-mile  heats  has  been  brought  as  low  as 
7m  32^8.  by  Dutchman,  in  1839,  and  7m.  40^8.  by  Lady  Suffolk, 
iulS41,  under  the  saddle;  and  as  low  as  7m.  4l8.  by  Dutch- 
man, and  7m.  538.  by  Kipton,  in  harness,  in  1839  and  1848.*  Pet 
and  Kemble  Jackson  have  done  it  in  wagons  as  low  as  bm.  Is. 
and  8m.  38.,  respectively.  So  that  horseflesh  has  shown  its 
progress,  in  these  events  against  time,  as  victoriously  m  this  a» 
in  any  other  branch  of  sporting. 

As  of  two-mile  heats,  so  it  may  be  said  of  two,  that  pace 
has  again  gained  upon  time.f  Flora  Temple  and  Lady  Suffolk 
have  reduced  it  to  4m.  57s.,  and  4m,  59s.  respectively,  and  many 
have  done  it  in  a  few  seconds  over  five  minutes,  even  in  second 

lieats,  and  in  harness.  _  .  .%         ^ 

At  four-mile  heats  there  has  been  less  improvement  than  at 
any  other  distance.t  Dutchman  has  done  it  in  llm.  198.,  10m. 
51s.,  and  Lady  Suffolk  in  llm.  15s.,  llm.  58s.  Otherwise  there 
has  been  no' gain  on  Sir  Peter's  time.  In  fact,  of  late  years, 
three  and  four-mile  heats  have  lost  their  popularity. 

*  See  Note  5.  p.  207.  t  See  Note  0,  p.  207.  t  See  Note  7,  p.  207. 


150 


THE   HOME. 


It  ni>i)onrfi  by  n  lottcr  from  tlio  Amorienn  corrpsporKlcnt  of  tlii* 
Kiiglisli  SjM.rtiii^'  Ma^'a/iiic,  pul.lirtluMl  in  Au^MiRt,  ISl'H,  an,! 
qiiotcii  in  th«  Novi'inl)crninnbor(tt'tho  Aint'i-iciin  Turf  Uc'ri^tcr 
tlnit  '•  T(.|)frull,uit,  WhuU'Ixmc,  Sir  Peter,  Trouble  and  Shakes! 
IH'ure,  were  ^rot  by  Ifaniblefonian  ;  tliat  iJetHey  liaker  was  by 
Manibrino;  Screwdriver,  dam,  Hull  by  Mount  Holly  ;  UaitlJr 
by  an  imported  Kiif^lish  lir.i-so  out  of  a  (/'anadiun  nuire,  and  Turn 
Tluunb  a  Narra<,'anHett,  iin  excellent  breed  of  trottei-H,  but  their 
origin  unknown." 

TluH  is  i)ocuiiarly  worthy  of  remark,  xis  I  have  not  else- 
where  seen  any  notice  of  the  pedigrees  of  these  aniinaU ;  and 
this  is  generally  likely  to  bo  correct,  as  written  i)robably  by  an 
Englishman  for  an  Knglish  perio.lieal,  wlio  would  naturally 
strive  to  obtain  accuracy  on  a  {)oint  likely  to  create  so  niucii 
attention  as  the  origin  of  this  new  race  of  extraordinary  trotters 
was  sure  to  do  in  the  F'lglish  sporting  circles. 

There  are  two  nambletonians  in  the  Stud  Book,  one  by  Sir 
y^rchy  out  of  Bellonu,  a  Carolinian  mare;  the  other  by  imported 
Messenger,  out  of  a  niaro  by  imported  Messenger,  2d  dum  u 
Bouthern  mare.** 

Jt  is  of  course  the  latter  horse,  which  is  the  sire  of  these 
trotters,  as  he  is  k-  -^wn  to  have  served  many  common  niaros, 
and  it  is  claimed  that  the  Morgans  have  some  of  his  blood. 

The  trotting  stallion  Mambrino  was  by  Messenger,  and  must 
not  be  confounded  with  the  race-horse  by  American  Eclipse. 

Mambrino  was  owned  in  Philadelphia.  There  is  soino 
blunder  here  as  to  BuU,\  who  could  not  well  be  any  one's  dam, 
and  I  cannot  find  how  Mount  Holly  was  bred,  though  I  believe 
he  was  by  Mambrino.  N'othing,  probably,  is  known  of  the  sire 
of  Kattler,  but  the  chances  are  that  he  was  a  well-bred  horse. 

The  statement  that  Tom  Thumb  was  a  Narragansett,  I  take 
to  be  an  error,  from  confounding  the  breed  of  pacers  with  that 
of  trotters,  natural  enough  to  an  Englishman,  to  whom  both 
were  strange. 

I  have  often  seen  the  horse,  which  had  not  the  slightest 
resemblance  to  the  Karragan setts,  either  in  shape  or  color,  but 
closely  resembled  an  Indian  pony  of  the  Canadian  tj-pe. 

In  this  same  year  it  appears  that  a  Trotting  Club  was  estalv 
lished  at  Baltimore — I  believe  on  what  has  been  known  since  as 
the  Kendal  Course— and,  since  that  time  trotting  has  continued 


See  Note  8.  p.  207. 


f  See  Note  9,  p.  907 


wmam 


BAl.TIMoUK  COtTKSK. 


181 


to  lulviii  CO  nnd  to  giiin  popularity,  until  nt  tlio  proHcnt  diiy,  there 
IS  scarcely  ft  Stall'  in  the  Union,  North,  Kiwt,  or  VVcHt—tiie  South 
iu'iiij,'  (lovotod  uluioHt  oxclunivi'ly  t«t  runniiiK  horMM— fxci'pt  tliiit 
in  which  I  write  thm^  liiii'H,  luid  which,  in  ivcry  thiufr  i.citain- 
iiP'  t(»  cither  piiyHicii.  or  niontul  ciillivatioii,  irt  at  leant  half  u 
rcutury  hchinil  the  rest  of  tho  American  World— that  docs  not 
p..HMCH«  ft  number  of  arenas  for  tho  trial  and  exhibition  of  tho 
tipeed  of  itH  trottinjj;  horHCK, 

It  in  a  little  Hinj^ular  that  New  JerBeymen,  who  are  ho  nmcli 
addicted  to  levying  taxes  on  all  who  aro  so  unfortunate  as  to 
enter  their  borders,  shoidd  bo  willing,  in  this  instance,  to  i)ay 
a  tax  to  Long  Inland  (-very  time  they  want  to  test  the  power  of 
their  nngs,  and  thus  to  let  a  <lollar  or  two  escape,  which  might 
have  been  kept  within  the  limits  of  the  State,  had  they  a  trotting 
coui-80  of  their  own.  In  this  instance,  however,  the  two  ruling 
(pialitics  aro  pitted  against  each  other— narrow  fanaticism  and 
love  <»f  money-getting  ;  and,  for  once,  the  former  wins.  J5igotry, 
for  the  most  part,  triumphs  over  all  beside,  but  yields  at  once  to 
the  more  potent  adoration  for  tho  dollar. 

The  first  trotting  on  tho  new  lialtimore  Course  is  thus  re- 
corded, in  the  May  number  of  the  American  Turf  liegister  of 
183U  :— 

"gkkat  TKorriNO. 

"Two  trotting  matches  against  time  came  off  on  the  Canton 
Course  on  Thursday  last.  The  first  for  $1,000,  that  Lady  Kate, 
a  bay  mare,  fifteen  hands  high,  could  Jiot  do  fifteen  miles  within 
the  hour.  The  bet  was  won  by  tho  mare  doing  sixteen,  in  beau- 
tiful style,  in  56m.  138.,  having  3m.  478.  to  spare ;  she  could 
have  done  seventeen  with  ease.  Each  milo  was  done  in  tho 
following  time. 

"1st  mile,  3m.  4l8.— 2d,  3m.  248.— 3d,  3m.  238.— 4th,  3ni. 
20s.— 5th,  3m.  30.— 6th,  3m.  SOs.— 7th,  3m.  'J8s.— 8th,  3m.  288.— 
9th,  3m.  598.*— lOth,  3m.  428.— 11th,  3m.  428.— 12t]i,  3m.  288.— 
13th,  3m.  288.— 14th,  3m.  268.— 15th,  3m.  258.— 16th,  3m.  lOs. 
Total,  56m.  138. 

"  Tlie  money  being  staked  with  the  judges,  and  paid  to  Mr. 

•  "In  this  ri/und,  the  rider  was  changed  fur  a  lighter  one,  and  the  mare  was  re- 
freshed by  sponging  her  mouth,  nostrils,  &c.,  with  strong  wine  and  water."' 


152 


THE   HCR8K. 


Duffy,  the  owner  of  the  mare,  another  bet  was  made  of  $300 
that  a  b.  g.  Paul  Pry,  could  not  go  thirteen  miles  within  the 
hoi'.r.  Mr.  Duffy  compounded  to  ride  him  seven  miles,  with 
privilege  of  a  catch  rider  for  the  remainder  of  the  distance.  He, 
however,  rode  the  whole  distance,  riding,  we  should  judge,  145 
pounds,  and  did  it  in  53m.  27s.,  having  6m.  33s.  to  spare.  First 
mile,  3m.  558.— 2d,  3m.  58s.— 3d,  4m.  2s.— 4th,  4ni.  3s.— 5th, 
4m.  Is. — 0th,  4m.  3s. — 7th,  4m.  5s.— 8th,  4m.  78.— 9th,  4iii. 
13s.— lOvh,  4n].  12s.— 11th,  4m.  ISs.— 12th,  4m.  18s.— 13tli, 
4m.  12s.     Total,  53m.  27s.     The  course  is  a  measured  mile. 

I  shall  close  my  account  of  this  year's  performances  on  the 
trotting  tui  f  by  the  following  match  on  the — 


"LONG   ISLAND   TKOTTING    COUKSE. 

"  Match  between  "Whalebone  and  Jerry,  or  the  Clark  Colt — 
three-mile  heats,  for  $500. 

"Jerry,    .       .       . 11 

■'Whalebone 2    2 

'°  Time,  first  heat,  Sm.  289. ;  second  beat,  8ni.  15s. 

"The  first  lieat  was  won  easily  by  Jerry,  and  Whalebone 
was  very  nearly  distanced.  Jerry's  appearance  was  fine,  but 
by  some  considered  rather  too  fleshy.  Whalebone  was,  on  the 
contrary,  very  thin,  and  very  much  tucked  up,  and  the  horse 
without  his  iisual  courage — there  being  little  doubt  that  he  had 
gone  through  too  severe  training.  The  second  and  third  miles 
of  the  second  heat  were  done  in  2m.  42s.  by  Jerry,  which  is 
about  as  fast  as  either  mile  in  a  second  heat  has  been  trotted. 

''New  Yorh,  May  11, 1830." 

I  have  thus  far  briefly  orought  down  the  history  of  American 
Trotting,  from  its  very  first  commencement  to  the  close  of  the 
year  1821),  and  spring  of  1830,  after  which  it  may  be  considered  as 
a  thoroughly  established  sport,  constantly  increasing  in  populari- 
ty until  the  present  day.  Henceforth,  therefore,  it  will  be  impos- 
sible, within  the  llniLs  of  this  work,  to  attempt  giving  a  con- 
tinuous record  even  of  all  the  regular  constituted  Spring  and 
Autumn  meetings  on  all  the  established  trotting  or  pacing 
courses,  much  less  of  all  the  matches  made  and  won  over  the 
whole  country.    To  do  so  would  require  the  whole  space  of  two 


WINNERS  OF   1830. 


168 


larger  volumes  than  these,  within  which  I  have  to  confine  my 

entire  snbiect.  _   ,    „ 

From  this  time  forward,  therefore,  the  conrse  which  1  sha  1 
adopt,  is  to  mention  briefly  tlie  most  distinguished  liorses  winch 
have  snccecded  one  anotlier,  in  tlie  succession  of  years,  describ- 
ing shortly  the  races  which  have  exhibited  any  very  decided 
inrprovemcnt  in  point  of  time,  so  as  to  mark  the  progressive 
advance  of  speed  and  tlie  gain  of  power  and  pace,  as  well  as  ot 
courage,  in  the  animal,  year  after  year. 

In  connection  with  this,  I  shall  note  the  establishment  of  such 
new  courses  as  have  tended  to  the  improvement  ot  the  horse, 
and  si  all  dwell  something  at  length  on  the  pedigrees-wliere  in 
anv  sort  attainable-the  characteristics  and  performances  ot  the 
extraordinary  animals,  which  have  manifested  of  late  years  such 
surpassing  powers  on  the  trotting-tmf,  and  in  the  result  have 
rendered  this,  during  the  latter  quarter  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury, pre-eminently  \he  popular  amusement  of  American  horse- 
curing  the  year  1830,  Topgallant,  Whalebone  and  Sw-eet- 
hrier  continued  to  keep  at  the  top  of  the  crowd;  B"llCalf 
Buster,  Comet,  Terry,  and  Sir  Peter  being  the  most  celebrated 
of  their  competitors,  and  running  them  pretty  hard  to  preserve 

their  laurels.  .  , 

The  best  time,  for  two-mile  heats,  during  this  year,  was 
r„n.  22s.— 5m.  2ls.;  and  for  three  miles,  8m.  268.— 8m.  27s.— 

8m.  41s.— 8m.  rxjs.  .,      .     ^o      ko     +1,^ 

AVhalebone  and  Sweetbrier  did  six  miles  in  18m.  52s.,  the 
course  being  heavy,  and  the  horses  being  backed  to  make  the 
distance  inside  of  17m.  Time,  however,  for  once  proved  the 
victor  On  the  12th  of  February,  1831,  "the  Maine  Associa- 
tion for  Improvement  in  the  Breed  of  Horses,"  was  set  on 
foot  by  some  of  the  most  distinguished  and  influential  gentlemen 
of  that  State,  with  power,  also,  to  hold  fairs,  exhibitions,  and 

trials  of  speed  and  power.  v  i    j  • 

1  am  not  aware,  however,  that  much  was  accomplished  in 
that  State,  in  the  trotting  line,  until  recently-a  trotting  course 
being  now  in  the  full  tide  of  success  at  Bangor,  whereas,  it  1  am 
not  in  error,  none  existed  in  the  State  some  twelve  or  thirteen 
years  since. 


aaaj.-aaafesfewsii'w'ww 


mmm 


i 


154 


THE  HORSE. 


In  this  yc.ir  also  two  animals  made  tlieir  renown  on  the  trot- 
tinf?  turf,  wliose  contests  continued  nearly  as  long,  and  excited 
as  much  interest  among  the  sporting  world  as  the  more  recent 
antagonism  between  Lady  Sutt'olk,  Americus,  and  Jatnea  K. 
Polk,  and,  at  the  present  day,  of  Flora  Tcmi)le,  Tacony,  and 
Lancet,  and  which  were  in  tlieir  day  considered  as  Monderful 
paragons  of  horseflesh, as  arc  the  favorites,  unrivalled  until  they, 
too,  shall  bo  surpassed  in  the  progress  of  events,  of  yesterday 
and  to-day.  These  were  Sally  Miller  and  Columbus,  who  in- 
stantly took  their  place  at  the  head  of  the  list,  the  marc  ])uttiiig 
old  Topgallant  up  to  6m.  21s.,  in  order  to  beat  her  at  two-iuilo 
heats ;  and  Columbus  doing  four  miles  in  8m.  07s.,  and  Cato  the 
same  distance  in  the  then  best  time  of  8ni.  028.,  neither  of  which, 
by  the  way,  has  since  been  so  often  beaten,  as  to  be  even  now 
regarded  ordinary  going. 

"  The  same  year  appeared  Cato,  Tyro,  Lady  Victory,  and  Paul 
Pry,  the  latter  of  whom  proved  himself  a  very  gallant  and  in- 
domitable horse  ;  though  shortly  afterward  falling  into  the  hands 
of  tliat  "  tine  old  Scottish  gentleman,"  William  McLeodof  New 
York,  he  was  not  regularly  on  the  turf,  though  in  private 
matches  he  was  often  admirably  handled  by  his  noble  owner. 
On  this  occasion  he  ran  ill,  being,  it  is  said,  overtrained,  and 
farther  displaying  unmanageable  temper.  If  this  be  so,  he  soon 
got  over  that  defect ;  for  though  a  hard  puller,  and  very  high 
strung  and  full  of  spirit,  he  was  a  perfectly  kind  and  docile 
animal,  as  I  can  surely  testify,  having  both  ridden  and  driven 
him  many  a  mile,  in  happy  days  bygone,  which  can  no  more 
return. 

Besides  these.  Moonshine,  Dred,  Collector  and  Chancellor 
trotted  this  year  with  great  credit ;  and  Chancellor,  having  ac- 
complished the  then  unparalleled  feat  of  trotting  thirty-.wo 
times  around  the  Hunting  Course  track,  which,  measured  on  the 
saddle  track,  is  fifty  feet  over  the  mile  in  circumference,  in  Ih. 
58m.  31s.,  challenged  Whalebone  to  the  same  feat  against  time. 
This,  going  in  a  sulky,  and  thereby  losing  a  considerable 
advantage.  Whalebone  accomplished  in  Ih.  55m.,  beating  Col- 
lector's time  under  the  saddle,  by  3m.  31s. 

In  the  following  year,  1832,  the  same  horseg  kept  the  game 
going,  but  with  no  decided  gain  of  time,  or  increase  of  speed. 


PAUL  PRT's  time  match. 


155 


It  is  remarkable,  indeed,  that  the  chef  d'ojHvre  of  this  year  was 
a  trot  in  Eni,Mand,  although  made  by  an  American  horse, 
'•  Rattler,"  which  had  been  purchased  by  that  well-known  sports- 
man, George  Osbaldeston.  ,T^     vii  e.^ 

This  was  a  match  against  a  celebrated  English,  horse  ot  the 
d'ly  "  Driver,"  to  trot  thirty-four  miles  under  the  saddle,  Os- 
baldeston riding  Rattler,  himself,  11  stone,  or  15i  pounds,  against 
9  stone  12G  pounds— a  monstrous  advantage  in  such  a  perlorm- 
auce.    Vlie  distance  was  made  in  2h.  18m.  60s.,  Rattler  coming 

out  easily  the  winner.  ',    ,.   ,       ,.  ,  i     p 

Unfortunately,  no  weight  is  recorded  of  the  tvme-match  ot 
Whalebone  just  recorded,  which  renders  it  impossible  to  judge 
of  the  comparative  performances  of  the  animals. 

Osbaldeston's  time  is  a  fraction  over  4m.  to  every  mile,  and 
when  the  weight  he  carried  is  taken  into  consideration,  it  cannot 
be  regarded  other  than  a  creditable  performance,  even  when  we 
think^of  Trustee's  and  Ladv  Fulton's  twenty  miles  respectively 
in  59m  35As.  and  59m.  55s,,  the  rather  that  it  was  done  over  a 
common  road,  by  unprofessional  riders,  and  under  the  disad- 
vantage of  being  compelled  to  turn  back  in  case  of  a  break, 
according  to  the  English  rule.* 

In  this  year  also  Sally  Miller  made  the  best  time  which  had 
as  yet  been  accomplished  under  the  saddle,  2.37— 2.37i— and 
on  another  occasion  distanced  Columbus,  her  great  competitor, 
in  2.39,  leaving  her,  for  the  time  being,  the  victress  of  the  age, 
and  supposed  to  be  invincible  on  the  Turf. 

In  1833  the  spring  passed  witliout  any  trots  of  especial  mo- 
ment, but  on  the  eighth  day  of  November,  Mr.  Wm.  McLeod's 
ar  g  Paul  Pry,  9  years  old,  was  backed  to  do  iTf  miles  withm 
The  hour,  over  the  Long  Island  Trotting  Course,  and  not  only 
won  his  match  with  the  greatest  ease,  but  went  eighteen  times 
round,  being  in  all  18  miles  and  36  yards,  in  58m.  52s.  He  is 
said  to  have  done  it  without  the  least  difficulty  or  fatigue  ;  and 
it  is  to  be  remembered  that  up  to  that  day,  the  nearest  approach 
to  his  time  was  Jerry's  17  miles  in  58m.  under  the  saddle,  and 
Bellfounder's-the  English  trotting  8tallion-17i  miles  within 

the  hour.f  ,        .  i      -i 

The  following  is  the  time,  taken  up  m  going  each  mile. 


*  See  Note  10,  p.  207. 


f  See  Note  11,  p.  207. 


166 


THE  HORSE. 


1st  mile, 

2d  " 

8.1  » 

4th  " 

fith  " 

0th  " 

7th  " 

8th  " 

9th  " 


min 

tee. 

.    8 

18 

8 

16 

.    8 

17 

8 

09 

.  a 

13 

8 

14 

.     8 

19 

8 

17 

.     8 

13 

10th  mile,  Includiug  atop,    ,  .41 

11th  "  .          .          .          .87 

12th  "  .          .          .          .82 

18th  "  .           .           .           .8  20 

14th  "  .           .           .           .8  16 

16th  "  .           .           .          .8  1' 

16th  "  .           .           .          .89 

17th  "  .           .           .          .87 

18th  "  .           .          ..88 


He  was  ridden  by  a  boy  named  Iliiam  Woodruff,  Aveigliing 
138  pounds,  in  beautiful  style  and  with  great  judgment,  ^udgcs 
were  placed  at  each  quarter-mile  from  that  Avhich  was  the  last 
of  the  sixteen  to  the  end,  by  those  who  had  bets  thereon.  Paul 
Pry  is  now  nine  years  old;  ho  was  bred  on  Long  Island,  and 
got  by  Mount  Holly,  dam  by  Hamblctonian. 

iVew  York  Sporting  Magasine. 

It  is  not  a  little  curious  to  hear  the  great  trotting  rider  and 
driver,  whose  fame  is  as  widely  spread  beyond  the  Atlantic  as 
liere  at  home,  spoken  of  as  "  a  boy  named  Hiram  Woodruff," 
but  it  IS  believed  that  this  was  one  of  his  first  steps  tovvard 
celebrity,  although  he  comes  of  a  family  who  are  all  horse- 
men, 

A  few  days  later  on  the  Eagle  Course  at  Trenton,Sally  Miller 
beat  Columbus  and  distanced  Screwdriver,  the  second  of  that 
name — the  time  not  given ;  and  Edwin  Fon-est,  this  being  his 
first  appearance,  and  the  first  earnest  of  his  great  after  perform- 
ances, beat  Cobimbus,  Lady  Clay,  Gipsy,  and  Lady  Jackson,  in 
2.40^—2.37— 2.43— -2.40. 

In  the  same  month,  at  the  Hunting  Park  Course,  Sally  Mil- 
ler beat  Gipsy  and  Lady,  the  best  three  in  five,  in  her  usual 
time,  about  ^.37 ;  and  on  the  following  day  Columbus  beat 
Dread  in  6.28 — 5.47  ;  track  very  heavy.  Neither  weights  nor 
ages  reported. 

On  the  Harlem,  New  York,  Trotting  Park,  in  December 
following,  there  was  some  fair  trotting  between  Eip  Van  Win- 
kle, Crazy  Jane,  and  Comet,  Confidence,  Marshal  Blucher,  and 
Edwin  Forrest,  and  on  the  last  day  between  Charlotte  Temple, 
Modesty,  and  Major  Jack  Downing,  Collector  being  withdrawn 
as  a  firet-rate  horse,  the  purse  being  offered  only  for  second 
rates. 


EDWIK  FORREST. 


167 


On  the  day  after  the  meeting, however,  there  was  "a trotting 
match  under  the  saddle,  for  a  purse  of  $200,  three-mile  heats, 
deserving  of  especial  notice,  for  the  unexampled  speed  in  which 
it  WIS  performed.  The  horses  entered  were  Columhus,  Conh- 
deiice,  and  Charlotte  Temple,  and  they  came  in  as  follows  ;- 


Columbus,     . 
Charlotte  Temple, 
Confidence, 


1  2       1 

2  12 
dist. 


Time,  7.48;  T.42;  7.49. 


"  Tlie  course  is  forty  four  yards  short  of  a  mile,  and  the  time 
was  therefore  for  three  full  miles,  7m.  57s. ;  7m.  548. ;  8.m.  Is. 

"  AVhich  time  has  never  been  made  hefore  m  a  trotting 
match  in  any  part  of  the  world.  The  course  is,  it  is  well  known, 
a  heavy  one^;  has  a  bad  hill  and  a  short  turr 

"Betting,  on  starting,  was  any  odds  on  Columbus  against  the 
field     On  the  iirst  heat,  Columbus  was  led  by  both  the  horses 
for  the  first  two  miles,  he  then  passed  them  easily.     On  the 
second  heat,  Charlotte  Temple  was,  for  the  first  mile,  more  than 
a  distance  ahead,  owing  to  Columbus  having  broke  on  rising  the 
hill.    On  the  second  mile,  he  gained  a  little,  and  on  coming  out 
was  al  out  six  lengths  behind,  the  mare  a  good  deal  distressed. 
On  the  third  heat,  Columbus  lay  behind,  and  the  mare  led  hnn 
for  the  first  mile  and  three-quarters  sixty  or  seventy  yards.     He 
did  not  make  a  push  till  he  entered  on  the  third  mile,  and  then 
he  passed  her,  on  the  first  quarter  afterwards.    The  course  was 
weW  attended:'— I^ewTarh  Courier. 

« 1834.— A  match  came  ofl"  on  Friday,  May  9th,  for  $1,000, 
h.  f.  mile  heats,  between  Sally  Miller,  of  celebrated  memory, 
and  Edwin  Forrest,  who  had  his  laurels  yet  to  win.  They  got 
oft'  well  together,  and  kept  head  and  head  for  about  two-thirds 
of  a  mile,  when  Sally  Miller  broke,  and  was  le  ^,  by  her  antago- 
nist some  distance  in  the  rear— Edwin  Forrest  trotting  his  mile 
in  the  unprecedented  time  of  2m.  31^8. 

«  On  the  second  heat,  the  start  was  agaih  good,  although  the 
judf'e  did  not  tap  the  drum  until  both  horses  had  got  past  the 
staining  post-again  they  kept  together  for  some  distance  around, 
when  the  horse  unceremoniously  left  the  lady  in  the  lurch,  and 
came  in  under  a  hard  pull,  beating  the  mare  very  easily.— 
Time,  2.33. 


f 


168 


THE   HORSE. 


I 

i 


"  This  I  consider  the  greatest  trot  on  record,  particuhirly 
wlicn  tlie  lengtli  ot'  the  course  is  taken  into  consideration,  wliicli 
is,  by  a  surveyor's  certificate,  one  inilo  and  ten  yards.  Tlio 
owners  of  tlie  horse,  directly  after  the  match,  offered  to  stake 
$1,000  to  $500  tliat  tlie  horse  could  trot  around  the  course  that 
afternoon  in  2m.  30s. 

"  Yours  truly,         A.  M.  G.  B." 
Fro7n  Skinner's  Turf  Register,  vol  v.  No.  11. 

In  1835,  the  sport  of  trotting  became  more  and  more  popular, 
and  there  was  scarce  a  gentleman  in  New  York,  who  did  not  own 
one  or  two  fast  luu-ses.  Matches  were  daily  ridden  or  driven  on 
the  Third  Avenue,  from  Bradshaw's  at  Harlem,  to  the  Bull's 
Head  in,  or  for  shorter  distances  on  the  same  road,  as  well  as  on 
the  Harlem  and  Centreville  courses,  by  gentlemen  amateurs  and 
riders.  Indeed,  at  this  time  the  trotting-horse  department  was 
as  completely  in  the  hands  of  gentlemen  sportsmen,  as  the  turf 
proper.  Among  the  patrons  of  this  noble  sport,  then  in  its 
infancy,  I  can  name  now,  without  fear  of  wounding  any  preju- 
dice, personal  friends  of  my  own,  half  the  leading  young  gen- 
tlemen of  the  city  at  that  day,  who  all  drove  their  own  teams, 
and  many  of  them  with  skill  scarcely,  if  at  all,  infei-ior  to  the 
professionals.  A  few  of  these  were  the  late  lamented  Hamilton 
Wilkes,  whose  black  four-in-hand,  all  mares,  which  could  trot 
their  mile  all-together  inside  of  three  minutes,  were  the  admira- 
tion of  the  avenue ;  William  McLeod,  with  Paul  Pry,  and 
Tantrum  Bobus  and  Bnll-in-the-Woods,  the  latter  a  pair  of 
smashing  bays,  good  for  2.40  together;  George  Wilson,  also, 
like  the  two  fine  sportsmen  and  gentlemen  I  have  last  named, 
long  since  departed — with  Jerry  and  Blackbird ;  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Laight,  Avith  an  admirable  pair  of  gi*ay  mares ;  Mr.  De 
Brosses  Hunter,  with  a  spanking  bay  four-in-hand ;  Mr.  Coster 
with  Fanny  PuUen,  the  mother  of  the  incomparable  Trustee ; 
Mr.  James  Valentine  with  Beppo ;  Mr.  James  Bradhurst  with 
Yankee  Doodle ;  Mr.  Peter  Barker  with  Dutchman ;  Mr.  Neill 
with  Awful ;  these,  and  a  hundred  others,  whom  one  might 
easily  enumerate,  were,  in  this  and  a  few  succeeding  years,  as 
successive  cracks  arose  in  succession,  the  men,  as  justly  cele- 
brated as  promoters  of  roadsters,  the  men  who  as  successfully 


■MHM 


'tis  TWENIT   YEARS   SINCE. 


159 


advanced  the  interests  of  their  country,  by  the  advocacy  ot  this 
„ew]v-risen  sport,  and  gradually  improving  race  of  animals,  as 
the  (listinguishod  gentlemen  to  whom  I  have  alluded  in 
another  place,  as  the  true  patrons  of  the  turf.  _ 

Daring  this  year,  Edwin  Forrest  ruled  the  roast,  challenging 
niiv  hoi-se°in  the  world  to  contend  with  him  at  four-mile  heats, 
ibi-  any  sum,  from  $5,000  to  $10,000,  without  finding  a  taker. 

Ill  the  spring,  at  Centreville,  Rolla,  a  new  horse,  heat  old 
Columbus,  three-mile  heats,  in  8.13-8.05-8.07,  which  was 
at  that  tin.o  considered  very  fair,  not  to  say  good  going,  never 
hawng  been  much  outdone,except  by  Columbus  himself,  though 
goon  to  be  reduced  so  low  down  as  the  sevens  with  a  fraction. 

In  July,  Blackbird,  of  whom  I  have  spoken  above,  as  one  of 
Mr  Geor-^e  Wilson's  pair,  shortly  afterwards  made  his  debut,  as 
a  -reen  one  from  Maine,  and  beat  Ilichard  III.  and  Master 
Bm-ke,  mile  heats,  best  three  in  five,  in  three  straight  heats; 

2.55.-2.55.-2.54:. 

I  may  here  add,  that  the  Blackbird  was  the  first /««<  trot- 
tin-horse  over  whose  back  I  put  my  log;  and  that  he  and  his 
nuUe,  Jerry— a  little  the  larger  of  the  two,  both  being  consid- 
erably under  15  hands,  formed  the  prettiest,  pleasantest,  most 
gentlemanly-looking,  and  a  long  way  short  of  being  the  slowest, 
pair  of  pony  trotting-horses  I  ever  saw  in  the  hands  of  a  private 

gentleman. 

Many  things  have  passed  since  those  days;  many  changes 
have  rolled  over  the  great  city,  which  has  been  trebled  in  size,  in 
population,  in  wealth,  in  commerce,  and  in  luxury  ;  and  I  see  but 
few  around  me,  who  remember  the  things  that  then  were,  as 
th-'  were.    Many  a  good  and  gallant  heart  is  cold,  which  would, 
I  sometimes  imagine,  feel  strangely  and  at  a  loss,  if  it  were  in- 
formed again  by  the  warm  life-blood,  and  brought  back  to 
revisit  the  places  which  it  would  no  longer  recognize.     And 
though  I  abhor  the  character  of  a  croaker,  and  would  shun, 
above  almost  all  things,  to  believe  myself  a  mere  laudator  tem- 
poiis  aeti,  regret  I  must  those  old  times,  as  fuller  far  ot  man- 
hood,  of  reality,  of  truth,  as  heartier  and  healthier,  and  in  every 
way  more  generous  and  human,  than  the  new  days  of  effemi- 
nacy and  flippancy,  of  womanish  luxuries  and  unmanly  vices, 


— laawnaw 


160 


THE  noEsi:. 


into  wliicli  the  rising  generation  of  the  present  day  is  sinking, 
as  if  into  a  sty,  softer  and  loathlier  tlian  that  of  Kpiounis. 

But  to  resume,  for  this  is  not  tlie  iduce  for  sucli  hootlegs 
retrospection,  u  reniarka'olo  match  against  time  was  made  timt 
year,  hy  a  horse  never  trained,  "  Bhick  Joke,"  driven  l)y  u  niaii 
•weighing  175  Ihs.,  his  owner,  apart  from  the  weigiit  of  liis 
wagon,  to  do  fifty  miles  in  four  hours  in  harness.  This  he 
accomphshed  easily,  with  three  minutes  to  spare,  not  in  tlio 
least  distrebsed,  Loii;g  the  first  12  miles  in  one  hour,  the  second 

12  miles  i  ;       iioi.r  tho  third  13  miles  in  1  hour,  the  fourth 

13  miles  in  ,  lin;  ' ; . ,  lie  stoi)ped  three  times  to  he  sponged 
and  to  catch  ,  v  wind,  h  t  it  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  he  koj)! 
gaiTung  on  time,  the  mui^j,  the  fartlier  he  went  against  it.  One 
could  hardly  esteem  the  driving  judicious,  although  it  proved 
successful. 

In  August,  Fire  King  and  Modesty  made  mile  heats  in 
2.43  ;  2.41 ;  2.39 ;  wdiich  is  recorded  as  good,  it  being  considered 
that,  at  whatever  age,  they  carried  145  lbs. 

Samson  and  Eattler  made  two-mile  heats  i«  5.38;  5.48; 
5.39;  nothing  farther  worthy  of  record  occurring  in  the  rest  of 
that  season,  except  that  Modesty  crowned  the  year  by  doing  two 
miles  under  the  saddle  in  5.25;  5.19;  5.21,  the  best  as  yet  on 
record. 

The  year  1836  was  remarkable  for  tlie  appearance  of  two 
very  remarkable  animals,  one  of  which  in  his  own  time,  and  in 
all  time  at  long  distances,  has  never  been  surpassed,  I  mean 
Dutchman  and  Awful. 

Than  these  aninnils,  which  were  for  a  time  rivals  and  com- 
petitors, no  two  creatures  could  be  more  dissimilar,  either  in 
shape,  action,  style  of  going,  general  show,  or  blood. 

That  they  both  were — as  canndt  be  denied— although  in  very 
different  degrees,  exceedingly  superior  trotters,  goes  far  to  prove 
that,  whatever  may  be  the  case  with  race-horses,  trotters  can 
come  ot'all  sort  of  stocks,  and  go  in  all  sort  of  forms. 

Dutcisman  was  seen  somewhere  or  other  in  Pennsylvania, 
by  Mr.  Pater  G.  Barker,  trampling  clay  in  a  brickyard,  nothing 
whatever  being  known  of  his  pedigree.  "What  Mr.  Barker 
could  have  seen,  or  heard  about  the  horse,  is  not  easily  imagiu- 


DUTCHMAN   AND   AWFUL. 


161 


able.  IIo  wiis  n  ^rcii\,  coarse,  ugly,  brown  horse,  with  a  short 
lio"iicck,  a  iViirfiil  borer  when  going,  with  his  liead  down,  and 
Ills  neck  thrust  obstinately  out  before  him,  and  was  in  all  re- 
suoct8  about  the  most  nngaiidy  goer,  and  the  most  unpleasant 
liuivo  to  drive,  1  ever  sat  behind. 

lie  could  go  the  pace,  however,  at  along  boring  stroke  ;  was 
very  honest,  and  had  any  amount  of  bottom  and  endurance  re- 
quireil.  At  all  events,  out  of  the  brickyard  Mr.  ]5arker  bought 
him,  and  the  bca-st— f()r  a  beast  he  wivs  in  all  respects,  except 
to  make  money  of  him— did  him  good  service;  and,  what  is 
strange  to  tell,  the  master  and  the  horse  finished  their  career,  a 
good  fellow  and  a  good  animal,  within  a  few  days  one  of  the 

other. 

Awful,  on  the  other  hand,  was  a  tall,  spiry,  dashing,  blood- 
looking  bright  bay,  with,  I  think,  a  white  star ;  a  very  upstand- 
ing sort  of  horse,  with  a  curious  style  of  high  sprawling  action, 
and  a  jicculiar  bouncing  way  of  going  from  side  to  side. 

He  was  a  very  queer-tempered  horse,  easily  scared,  and, 
when  alarmed,  violent  and  headlong  ;  but  ho  had  a  great  turn 
of  speed,  fair  endurance,  and  was  for  a  time  supposed  to  be  t 
phenommon.  But  he  could  not  live  up  to  his  early  show, 
among  such  horses  as  Forrest  and  Dutchman,  not  to  speak  of 
others,  Lady  Suffolk  among  the  rest— although  the  Lady  was 
as  yet  but  in  her  gristle,  and  Bryau,  her  owner  and  trainer — 
who  never  was  like  to  set  the  Hudson  on  fire — was  in  his  most 
verdant  greenness. 

Still  he  must  not  be  undervalued,  for  he  was  a  great  good 
horse,  not  very  far  from  being  quite  the  best  of  his  day,  and 
that  day  not  a  day  to  bo  in  any  sort  disparaged. 

He  was  bred  by  Mr.  Thomas  Laird  of  Monmouth  Co.,  K  J., 
the  famous  trainer,  and  was  got  by  "  American  Boy  "  out  of  an 
"Expedition"  mare,  said  to  be  thoroughbred. 

It  is  said  in  the  "Spirit  of  the  Times"  of  this  year,  that 
"  Awful  and  Paul  Pry  are  the  only  thoroughbred  Jiorses  on  the 
trotting  turf." 

Whether  "Awful"  actually  was  so,  I  cannot  say;  but  he 

had  all  the  appearance  of  being  so,  and  such  he  was  generally 

reported  in  his  day.    As  to  "  Paid  Pry,"  I  hiow,  from  the  best' 

authority,  his  owner,  with  whom  I  have  frequently  conversed 

Vol.  II.— 11 


J 


103 


THE  UORBR. 


on  tliat  very  point,  tluit  ho  could  not  l)o  proved  tlion)n{,'lil)r(Hl. 
llu  Wii8  l»y  Mount  Holly,  dam  by  Ilmnbletouiiui. 

Of  the  sportsmen  of  this  year,  in  his  introduction  to  the 
events  of  the  July  mcetinfj:  on  the  Ilurlem  Trotting  Course,  tho 
Editor  of  the  "  Spirit  of  the  Times  "  writes  as  follows  ; — 

"One  would  suppose  that  the  excessive  heat  of  tlie  weather 
would  put  an  end,  for  the  present,  to  trials  of  bits  of  blodil  dii 
the  trotting  course  ;  but  that  such  is  not  the  fact  will  be  jiroved 
by  the  aimexcd  report  of  Several  cai)ital  trotting  matches,  witliin 
the  last  few  weeks. 

"  ]\[any  of  our  country  readers  may  not  bo  aware  tiiat  » 
fondness  for  fast  cattle  is  a  passion  among  our  whii)s,  and  that 
we  have  some  odd  hundred  roadsters  belonging  to  private  gen- 
tlemen, who  can  trot  their  mile  in  harness  under  three  minutes, 
that  we  havo  sixty  who  can  peiform  that  distance  in  2.10,  and 
more  than  one  that  can  do  it  under  2.80, 

"Edwin  Forrest,  now  owned  in  Philadelphia,  has  been 
matched  against  time  to  trot  his  mile  under  the  saddle  in  2.2S; 
and  it  is  currently  believed  that  on  tho  day  he  received  forfeit 
from  Confidence,  last  fall,  he  trotted  a  mile  half  a  second  within 
that  time,  over  the  Hunting  Park  Course — a  feat  unparalleled 
in  the  annals  of  the  turf. 

"  Every  pleasant  afternoon,  the  Third  Avenue — a  superb 
macadamized  road,  extending  from  Broadway  to  Harlem — is 
covered  with  crack  nags  and  amateurs  in  horseflesh  ;  and  dozens 
of  ])rivate  matches  are  the  consequence.  As,  these  are  of  a 
personal  nature,  made  np  between  friends,  and  as  the  horses 
themselves  arc  as  well  known  on  the  road,  as  are  their  owners 
in  society,  we  have  not  felt  oureelves  at  liberty  to  chronicle 
their  results,  nor  to  allude  to  them,  except  in  general  terms, 
though  they  frequently  create  a  great  sensation  in  sporting 
circles." 

The  events  worthy  of  notice  in  this  year  are — 

Harlem  Trotting  Course,  July  28,  2  rniles  in  harness.  John 
Tyler,  Papa,  Maria  Monk,  Rienzi, — 5.55;  6.10;  (J.Olr. 

This  trot  is  only  worth  recording,  from  the  curious  fact,  that, 
by  the  rules,  all  the  horses  were  distanced — Rienzi  and  Tyler 
'for  foul  riding,  Maria  Monk  for  bolting  the  course,  and  Papa's 
rider  for  dismounting  before  reaching  the  stand. 


^ir^^^r-i'^'-^t^'^ 


TKorriNO  AT  MOUII.K. 


168 


Laziinii,  Ripiizi  and  Marin  Aloiik,  two  miles,  5.45,  5.40,  5.46. 

Modesty  and  Hc'piMssiuldlo,  "       "       5.42,5.30. 

Holla,  Mariii  Monk  and  Job  Fox,  saddle, 

two  miles,  5.37,  5.3S. 

Shortly  atV'»'ward  Dutchman,  on  his  lirst  upi»eanince,  made, 
under  the  saddle,  a  mile  in       ...        .     2.33 
in  harness, 2.35 

Awful,  under  saddle,  did  two  miles  in         .     5.2S     5.2U 

Dun  Juan,         "  "         "         "         .         r.-lT     5.14 

Hem-},  in  harness,        "        "         "   .        .     5.20     5.28 

Duteliinan  also  made  four  miles,  under  the  saddle,  in  the  ex- 
traordinary time  of  11m.  15)a.,  10m.  51s.,  whieli  time,  to  this  day, 
never  has  been  beaten,  no  other  heat — much  less  ttecmid  heat — 
having  becJi  done  within  the  eleven  minutes.* 

Don  Juan's  two-mile  time  this  year  is  live  seconds  the  best 
yet  on  record,  and  Awful's,  though  2.\  seconds  worse  than  :Mod- 
esty's,  of  last  year,  was  great  for  a  green  horse. 

The  year  1837  opened  by  a  very  remarkable  and  game  match, 
Dully,  by  Mes8enger,t  out  of  a  thoroughbred  mare— therefore,  if 
tlie  last  be  correct,  herself  thoroughbred— being  backed  to  go 
five  miles  in  17m.  30s.,  with  two  persons  weighing  300  pounds, 
in  a  wagon. 

This  feat  the  gallant  little  marc  performed  with  ease  in 
IGni.  453.,  the  driver  and  his  comrade  being  ten  pounds  over 
weight,  or  310  pounds ;  when,  some  remarks  being  made  dero- 
gatory to  her  endurance,  a  second  match  was  made  that  she 
would  start  on  the  instant,  and  do  ten  miles  farther  at  the  same 
rate,  viz.  in  35  minutes,  which  she  also  won  handily  in  34m.  078. 

The  year  1837  is  farther  remarkable  for  the  opening  of  a 
trotting  course  at  Mobile,  Alabama,  the  first,  it  is  believed, 
within'the  Southern  States,  whei-e  galloping  horses  have  always 
been,  and  are  to  this  day,  preferred  to  trotters.  The  horses  were 
importations  from  New  York,  Eolla,  Onondaga  chief,  and  others. 
Tlie  time  made  was  of  no  account,  but  the  fact  is  worthy  of 
remembrance,  as  connected  with  the  increase  and  popularity  of 
the  sport. 

Awful,  this  season,  beat  the  famous  old  horse  Screwdriver, 
said  to  be  fourteen  years  of  age,  in  8.23— 8.16 J,  three-mile  heats, 
but  shortly  afterward,  the  greatest  time  as  yet  recorded  was  made 


•  See  Note  12,  p.  207. 


t  See  Note  13,  p.  207. 


^WPW 


1<J4 


THE   HORSE. 


over  tlip  (Vntrovillo  Coiirso,  by  ■nuiiifl  D.  Tompkins,  hontinj? 
Jiatllcr,  uiidi'i-  till!  Hii(l(lli>.  Tlirci'-mik'  lii-utH,  T-T)!)— S.O'J,  uihIoi- 
till)  Hiiildli".     Tliirt  iimtoli  was  trottt-d  October  5,  IH'.]7. 

It  is  witli  (liw^UHt  and  ri';,'n't,  that  I  record  one  of  those  pieceg 
of  ntrocioiiH  rruelty,  which  diK;,'rac('  liiiinaiiity,  cast  a  dcscrvi'il 
fiti^'Uia  on  the 'IVottiii^' Tnrt",  and  Itrini;  all  sixuisnicn  more  or 
less  into  int'anious  odor  with  rij;ht-thinkin<,'  men — a  lonj,'  niuteli 
against  time,  in  wliich  a  gatno  and  f,'allant  aninnil  was  Imrhar- 
oiisly  overmarked,  t'orced  to  continiio  under  distress,  and,  of 
course,  shiutrhtered. 

Mischief,  by  Mount  Holly,  oiit  of  a  iMessenj^er  mare,  was 
backed  by  her  owner,  Mr.  C'liarles  Siberg,  a  livery  keeper  in 
New  Vork,  to  go  along  the  post  roa<l  from  Jersey  City  to  tlio 
Front  street  bridge  in  Philadelphia,  a  distance  of  ninety  miles, 
more  or  less — u  de8])erately  severe  sandy  road  most  of  the  way— 
in  ten  horn's.* 

At  tlie  end  of  the  tenth  jnile,  tbo  mare  l)egan  scouring,  which 
was,  of  course,  reason  enough  why  she  should  have  been  instantly 
j)ulled  up.  it  was  on  the  first  of  July,  one  of  the  hottest  days 
ever  experienced.  I  personally  remember  it  well,  for  I  was  out 
woodcock  ebooting  in  Orange  ('ounty,  wlicrc  no  game  laws  then 
were,  and,  before  twelve  o'clock,  both  dogs  and  men  were  so 
totally  beat,  that  we  had  to  give  it  u])  and  return  to  the  house. 
At  the  eiul  of  the  eightieth  mile,  slic  showed  much  distress  and 
became  very  restive,  a  thing  entirely  out  of  her  character,  but 
was  still  kept  at  it,  until  when  about  five  and  three-quarters  of 
a  mile  from  home,  having  an  hour  and  twenty-eight  minutes  in 
which  to  go  that  distance,  her  distress  luid'  increased  to  such  a 
degi-eo  that  it  was  found  necessary  to  sfop  her,  take  her  out  of 
harness,  and  give  her  a  short  rest  in  a  stable. 

'■'■It  then  hecame  evident  that  shs  had  hurst  a  diminutive 
hlood-vcsscV  I  quote  from  the  "  Spirit  oJ  the  Times."  "  This 
fact^  however,  did  not  excite  much  alarm,  and  no  fears  were 
entertained  of  the  successful  accomplisJimeiit  of  the  7natch!" 

Hereupon,  by  way  of  relieving  her,  some  person  dashed  a 
bucketful!  of  cold  water  over  the  loins  of  the  mare,  profusely 
perspiring,  and  of  course  thoroughly  collapsed,  and,  as  any  one, 
Tiot  a  born  fool,  would  have  known  must  be  the  result,  the  mare 
was  dead  in  ten  minutes. 

•  See  Note  14,  p.  207. 


"'jf^^^H 


Mi 


IIUUTAI.  TIMK   MATtilKS. 


165 


It  in  H!ii<l  tlmt  the  owner  had  no  liaiicl  in  the  luHt  act  of  the 
tia"i'<lv.  WliclliiT  he  hud  or  no,  inattiTH  not  one  iota— Ma< 
was  an  act  of  Htnpitlity  only,  not  of  ati-.u-ity.  The  [KTsirtthiK', 
a-.i-r  the  mare  shcwetl  severe  distrcHH,  and  the  ihmuiin^;  harhar- 
itv  (.t'l.roiM.hiii-;  t.»  renew  the  etlort,  when  the  nuire  wan  known 
t,',  have  hurHt  a  hhH)d-vc>s8el,  already,  tlir.Mi;;li  her  terrihlo  exor- 
tiuiiH  on  tliat  trnly  tcrrihhi  (hiy,  waw  the  vrlnw. 

II„w  nuieh  Mr.  Siher^'  felt,  one  can  jndt;e  hy  the  fact,  that 
within  a  week  of  the  deed,  he  pid.liely  ehaUen^'ed  a  het  that  ho 
Nv.mhl  aeeoniplibh  tho  Bamo  match  in  the  toMowinj;  September 

ill  vine  hours. 

It  is  nut  too  nineh  to  Hay  that  tlie  (h-ive  of  ninety  nnles  over 
the  l'hila(h'li.hia  |.ostroad,  on  tliat  .Inly  .lay,  wan  a  far  greater 
feat  than  the  drive  of  a  himdred  over  a  course  in  tho  same  time; 
ami  that  to  do  the  same  in  nine  hours  woidd  have  been  a  far 
.greater  feat  than  those  perforin(-d  hy  either  Famiy  Murray, 
Fainiy  Jeidvs,  or  Kate,  each  of  whom  did  a  hundred  miles  soino 
seconds  within  the  time. 

I  wish  sincerely  that  there  was  an  act  for  compelling  such 
men,  as  make  these  nuitches,  to  run  for  nine  hours,  themselves, 
in  the  shafts  even  of  an  empty  sulky,  through  a  July  day,  with 
a  good  stiff  jockey  whip  in  a  willing  hand  behind  them,  to  make 
them  show  tiieir  pluck  and  ability  to  stay  a  distance,  under  pun- 
islinuM'.t,  and  that  hand  ndne  !      . 

■  All  these  long  matches  against  time  are  useless,  cruel,  dero- 
patory  to  the  turf,  disgracefid  to  humanity. 

'riiey  are  never  accomplished— whether  tho  horso  bo  urged 
bevond  its  powers  by  tho  torture  of  the  whip,  or  only  by  tho 
incitement  of  its  own  high  courage  and  emulation,  which,  every 
horseman  kiunvs,  will  sptir  a  well-bred  animal  to  die,  rather  than 
to  jrive  in— without  great  present  distress  of  the  creature,  great 
risk  of  its  dying  in  tho  trial— and,  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten,  its 
serious  and  permauent  injury  and  deterioration,  even  if  it  wm 
the  match,  and  appear  to  win  without  distress. 

In  my  yv  'uient,  all  such  matches  should  bo  prohibited  by 
law,  at  re'al  i^nalties;  and  tho  death  of  the  animal  matched 
should  be  visited  on  its  butcher,  as  a  high  misdemeanor.    _ 

They  have  no  'ling  to  do  with  sport— no  connection  with  the 
true  spirit  of  the  turf— no  possible  influence  on  the  brooding,  oi 


166 


THE  HORSE. 


If!' 


improving  the  breed,  of  horses— no  eifect  in  testing  any  thin"' 
unless  it  be  how  far  the  rapacious  cruelty  of  inan  will  drive  him 
in  tormenting  the  noblest  of  animals  ;  and  how  far  the  spirit  of 
the  animal  can  be  made  to  strive  toward  the  performance  of 
what  is  physically  impossible,  under  obedience  to  the  man's 
sordid  lust  of  lucre. 

It  is  never  the  educated  man,  tlie  true  turfman,  the  breeder 
the  lov-r,  tlie  friend  of  the  valuable  animal  which  he  owns,  and 
in  whose  vigor  and  beauty,  no  less  than  in  whose  triumphs  he 
rejoices,  that  is  concerned  in  such  cruelties  as  this ;  and  it  is 
rarely  indeed,  I  am  happy  to  say,  on  a  course  of  any  kind,  that 
they  are  accomplished. 

Nine  times  out  of  ten  such  matches  arc  made  up  by  the  low- 
est of  the  low — the  hangers-on  and  outsiders  of  the  lowest  sta- 
bles— thimble-riggers,  bonnets,  and  sporting  men  of  the  dog- 
fighting  and  bear-baiting  order ;  and  the  object  of  them  is, 
solely,  to  win  money. 

If  the  money  to  be  won  is  larger  than  the  value  of  the 
animal  to  be  killed,  killed  it  is — with  as  little  remorse  as  a  com- 
pany of  grenadiers  is  sacriticod  by  a  great  general,  that  he 
may  win  a  pitched  battle,  and  finish  a  campaign  at  a  blow. 

It  has  been  now  ascertained  that  horses  can  do  a  hundred 
miles  within  ten  hours  ;  and  if  one  horse  can,  then  others  can ; 
and  Ave  may  be  sure  that  the  best  bred,  the  fleetest,  the  gamest 
of  spirit,  and  the  stoutest  of  muscle  and  bone,  are  those  which 
will  accomplish  it ;  if  there  be  need  and  cause,  for  life  or  death, 
why  it  must  be  accomplished. 

(.)f  one  thing,  at  least,  one  may  rest  very  certain — that  a 
horse  which  has  once  done  it  will  rarely  if  ever  do  it  again ;  and 
that  to  all  serviceable  purposes,  it  is,  and  ever  will  be,  a  dam- 
aged and  inferior  creature  in  all  time  to  come. 

For  the  benefit  of  the  good  souls  who  stand  aghast  at  the 
idea  of  fast  horses,  who  regard  speed  as  immoral,  and  a  fast 
horse  as  a  delusion  and  a  snare,  let  it  be  known,  that  pace, 
although  it  be  technically  said  to  kill,  never  yet  was  known  to 
kill  any  thing,  at  short  distances ;  but  must  be  combined  with 
time  and  distance,before  it  can  inflict  torture  and  death  1  Let 
it  be  known,  tliat  ninety-nine  horses  have  been  driven  to  death, 
or  decrepitude,  at  a  very  slow  pace,  far  below  a  mile  in  four 


.15- 


LADY   SUFFOLK. 


167 


minutes,  unduly  protracted,  where  one  has  been  even  slightly 
injured  at  top  speed  !  Let  it  be  known,  lastly,  that  probably 
more  noble  aninuilshave  been  irremediably  ruined  and  destroyed 
by  hauling  at  dead  weights,  on  a  foot's  pace,  beyond  their  abil- 
ity to  move,  than  in  all  the  time  matches  that  have  ever  been 
run,  be  they  long  or  short,  fast  or  slow ! 

llaving  discharged  my  mind,  however,  1  proceed  to  the 
record.  The  year  1838  is  celebrated  for  several  events  wortliy 
of  long  remembrance  on  the  trotting  turf. 

First,  for  the  astonishing  feats  and  challenges  of  Dutchman 
and  Daniel  D.  Tompkins ;  and,  second,  for  the  appearance  of 
Lady  Suffolk  on  the  turf,  of  which  she  was  for  so  many  years 
to  be  the  brightest  ornament. 

The  gray  mare  was  not  very  successful  at  first,  and  it  seems 
to  have  been  the  general  opinion  that  she  was  ill-trained  and 
badly  handled  by  her  owner,  D.  Bryan. 

She  was  beaten  by  Black  Hawk— not  the  Stallion— and 
Apollo,  in  inditferent  time ;  then  won  a  trot  of  two-milo  heats, 
under  the  saddle,  for  animals  never  winners  of  $100,  beating 
Lady  Victory,  Black  Hawk,  Cato,  and  Sarah  Paif,  in  two  heats, 

5.15—5.17.  . 

On  tlie  Hunting  Park  Course  in  May,  Daniel  D.  Tompkms 
boat  Edwin  Forrest  four-mile  heats.  First  heat,  ^8.07;  second 
heat,  Forrest  distanced— -first  two  miles  done  in  5.30. 

This  was  a  match  for  $10,000 ;  and  after  winning  it,  Tomp- 
kins challenged  any  horse  in  the  world  to  trot  him  three-mile 
heats,  over  the  Hunting  Park  Course,  at  Philadelphia,  for  the 
sum  of  $1,000,  without  immediately  finding  a  taker. 

On  the  sixth  day  of  October  following,  however,  on  the  Bea- 
con Course,  New  Jer  ^ey,  Dutchman  met  Rattler  three-mile  heats, 
for  $1,000,  and  the  time  was  such  as  speedily  to  turn  the  tables ; 
four'  heats  were  made,  and  the  time  was  less  remarkable,  even, 
than  the  stoutness  evinced  by  both  competitors. 

Tlie  match  was  under  the  saddle,  weight,  as  ordered  by  the 
rules  this  year  established  at  Centreville  Course,  145  pomids 
each,  and  the  result  as  follows. 


Dutcliman, 
Battler, 


8    10 
18    0 


Time,  T.M4— T.50-8.02-S.24*. 


168 


THE   nOKSE. 


This  is,  by  very  much,  the  best  time  ever  made  up  to  that 
date;  and  immediately  afterward  appeared  a  challenge  from 
Dutchman  to  trot  any  horse  in  the  world  three-mile  lieats  over 
the  Centreville  Course,  for  $1,000  or  $3,000.  Should  Edwin 
Forrest  or  Daniel  D.  Tompkins  choose  to  enter,  Dutchman  will 
give  $1,200  to  $1,000,  to  induce  them  to  come  to  the  Island. 
No  takers  were  found  as  yet,  and  it  was  well  for  them. 

On  the  following  day,  Awful  and  Lady  Suffolk  contended  in 
harness,  at  two-mile  heats,  over  the  same  course. 


Awiul, 
Suffolk, 


Time,  6.28-6.12*. 


1  1 

2  2 


Betting  was  10  to  1  on  A^vfiil,  but  it  is  described  by  th« 
"  Spirit"  as  no  disgrace  to  the  mare  to  bo  beaten  by  the  Phe 
nomenon,  "  the  rather  that  she  had  been  fed  six  quarts  of  oats 
and  a  bundle  of  straw,  before  her  match."  Bryan  had  refused 
$3,500  for  her,  and  she  is  spoken  of  as  a  tip-top  marc,  but  tlie 
world  is  warned,  not  to  throw  away  their  money  in  backing  her, 
as  she  will  hardly  do  aught,  but  lose,  under  her  present  training 
and  management. 


At  the  end  of  this  volume,  will  be  found  the  rules  of  the 
eastern  and  western  race  courses,  and  trotting  congress  rules 
of  the  United  States,  as  they  exist  at  the  present  day,  so  that  by 
reference  to  these  it  will  be  easy  to  ascertain  what  are  the  modi- 
fications which  have  taken  place  in  the  systems,  in  regard  to 
each  of  these  manly  and  interesting  sports,  from  their  first 
institution  to  their  present  advanced  condition,  and  to  perceive 
at  a  glance  what  are  the  terms  to  be  complied  with  by  those 
wishing  to  enter  horses,  to  ride,  or  to  bet,  in  connection  with  any 
of  the  regulated  sports  and  events  of  the  road  and  turf. 

The  year  1839  produced  several  trotting  results  of  consider- 
able interest,  Dutchman,  on  the  whole,  maintaining  his  place  at 


^1 


LADY   SUFFOLK. 


169 


,he  head  of  the  trotting  turf,  Awful,  if  any  tlung,  rat^u^    d  d  . 

in.  than  advancing,  on  his  former  renown,  and  Lad >  Sutiolk 
Sa  iv  increasing  in  favor,  and  rising  toward  the  K^^^  POsU.on 
htch'she  afterward  so  long  and  so  nobly  occup.ed,  as  thefleet- 

l     stuurest,  and  nv.st  honest  piece  of  horseflesh,  tluit  ever  went 

on  four  shoes,  until  she  at  last  departed  from  the  scene  ot  her 

^'""ITthis  period  of  her  career,  however,  she  was,  it  cannot  be 
denied,  somewhat  uncertain,  and  was  in  all  likolihood-jis  ap- 
pears to  have  been  the  prevalent  opinion-ilknanaged  by  her 
owner,  and  not  often  at  the  top  of  her  condition,  when  called 

iiDon  to  work.  .        ..  ,       .• 

This  indeed,  is  evident  from  the  irregularity  ot  her  tune  m 
this  present  year-she  Avho,  when  in  her  prime  some  years  later, 
could  be  counted  ui)on  wit^-.  certainty,  almost  to  a  second.  _ 

She  opened  the  ball,  this  seiison,  on  the  Beacon  Course  in  the 
first  Spring  meeting,  two-mile  heats,  (saddle,)  in  5m.  21s.,  the 
horse  drawn,  the  second  heat. 

A  few  days  later,  at  the  same  meeting,  she  went  two-mile 
heats,  against  Dutchman,  nnder  the  saddle,  the  horse  winning 
the  two  heats  in  5.16 — 5.09. 

This  was,  at  that  day,  the  fastest  two  miles  that  had  been 

done;  and  has  only  in  fact,  since  that,  been  beaten  by  Ldwin 

Forrest,  Lady  Suifolk,  and  our  present  favorite,  Ilora  iemple.* 

Althougli  th."  gray  mare  was  beaten,  she  made  hne  going, 

forced  the  horse  up  to  his  time,  and,  in  fact,  gained  credit  by  the 

performance.  .       -p,      , 

On  the  CentreviVe  Course,  during  the  same  spring  Dutch- 
man made  in  harness,  two-mile  heats  in  5.11-5.16,  the  best  two 
heats  vet  made  inhar^.ss  ;  and,  since  that  time,  beaten  only  by 
Ladv  Suffolk,  Kipton,  and  Flora  Temple. 

Tlie  Lady  beat  Cato  on  the  Centreville,  in  5.39,  the  hoise 
drawn  the  second  heat;  and  Dutchman,  in  a  three-mile  match 
distanced  Awful,  the  first  heat,  in  7  41.    This  was  the  fastest 
three  miles  in  harness  then  done,  and  only  beat,  since  then,  by 

Lady  Suffolk.  .    ■.      ^  a    f  ,i 

In  July,  on  the  Beacon  Course,  Dutchman  again  beat  Awtul, 
three-mile  heats  in  harness,  in  8.18-7.  59,  and  one-mile  heats, 
the  best  three  in  five,  in  2.35—2.32—2.35. 

»  See  Note  15,  p.  207. 


170 


THE    HORSE. 


In  the  sainc  montli;  at  tlie  Hunting  Park  Course,  Phila- 
delphia, Lad}'  Suffolk  was  beaten  by  Lady  Victory,  two-niilo 
heats,  the  best  tliree  in  five,  in  5.28—5.31—5.32—5.42,  tlio 
Lady  winning  tlie  third  heat;  and  on  tlie  following  day  boat  her 
the  same  match  and  distance,  in  5.38 — 5.35.-  -5.40.  On  the 
third  day  of  the  meeting,  in  a  match  against  Lafayette,  he  to 
draw  two  persons  in  a  buggy,  weighing  in  all  373  lbs.,  she  in  a 
sulky.  Lady  Suffolk  was  again  beaten,  mile  heats,  in  2.52— 
2.50. 

The  odds  were  two  to  one  upon  the  mare,  but  it  was  evident 
that  she  had  been  trashed  off  her  legs,  b}  the  excessive  work  slie 
had  undergone  in  the  last  two  days  :  she  broke  up  often — a  tiling 
of  which  she  was  rarely  guilty — was  evidently  off  her  foot,  and 
was  easily  beaten. 

This  was  too  often  the  case  witli  this  noble  mare.  If  she  had 
not  been  literally  made  of  wrought  iron,  and  had  a  courage  as 
fine  and  clear  as  tempered  steel,  she  never  could  have  endured 
the  incessant  and  mn-easonable  work,  to  which  she  was  subjected 
by  an  owner,  who,  being  possessed  of  an  extraordinary  animal, 
was  just  sensible  of  those  qualities,  without  having  the  sense 
how  to  apply  them. 

IIow  she  should  have  retained  her  foot,  her  courage,  and  \\q.t 
unequalled  stamina,  as  she  did  so  many  years,  as  the  queen  of 
the  trotting  turf — never  stale,  never  sulky,  and  rarely,  if  evfr, 
beaten,  but  when  she  M'as  utterly  overmaiched^ — was  the  admira- 
tion of  all  who  knew  her,  and  made  her  the  people's  pet  and 
darling. 

It  was  on  August  Ist,  however  on  tiie  Beacon  Course,  that 
the  great  feat  of  the  year  was  acco  "p'.K-hed.  It  was  a  memor- 
able day  for  several  causes  ;  at  noon,  the  famous  steamships  the 
Great  Western  and  the  British  Queen  took  their  departure  to- 
gether from  the  Battery,  whicli  was  crowded  with  fitYy  tliousand 
spectators,  while  every  new  steamer  and  sailing  craft  that  was 
at  liberty  accompanied  them  in  a  triumphal  procession  to  the 
Narrows.  In  the  afternoon,  there  was  a  highly  Interesting  boat 
match  in  the  bay  ;  but  at  cix  in  the  evening  was  to  come  off,  to 
sportsmen,  the  great  event  of  that  exciting  and  eventful  day. 

On  the  lltli  of  July  preceding,  when  Dutchman  beat  Awful 
three  miles  in  harness,  a  match  was  made  on  time,  against  the 


-SmMm^MS^^^ii. ' 


LADY   SOTTOLK. 


171 


winner,  for  $1,000,  that  he  conkl  not  make  three  miles  m 

^'"  The  backers  of  the  horse  had  the  choice  of  harness  or  saddle, 
,ml  the  right  to  two  trials,  with  two  hours'  intermission,  in  case 
Tf  a  failure  on  the  iirst  attempt.     The  saddle  was  chosen,  and 
Hiram  Woodruff  put  into  it,  with  a  gi-ay  thoroughbred  mare, 
iockeyed  by  Isaac  Woodruff,  to  keep  up  the  horse  s  emulation 
It  seems  that  the  backers  of  the  horse  were  so  confident  o 
his  accomplishing  the  match  at  the  first  trial  that  they  waved 
the  opportunity  of  Uie  second;  for  it  wanted  but  a  quarter  of 
seven  o'clock,  wheu  Hiram  threw  his  log  over  the  saddle,  whicli 
^vould  have  afforded  but  scanty  time  for  the  intermission  and 
the  second  trial,  even  on  a  midsummer  night.    The  day  liaa 
been  one  of  unusual  heat,  even  for  that  season,  which  was  prob- 
ably tlie  cause  for  selecting  so  late  an  hour  for  the  accomplish- 
nient  of  the  match.  _ 

The  course,  it  is  said,  was  dusty,  but  in  good  order,     ihe 

match  was  aone  as  follows. 


Flret  qimrter, 
Second    " 
Third       " 


40 
83 
89 


First  liftlf, 
Second  " 
Third 


1.17. 
1.15. 
1.16. 


First  mll», 
Second  " 
Third     " 


2.84y. 

2.2& 

2.80. 


■Whole  time  of  tlio  three  miles,  7m.  8218. 


Dutchman  thus  winning  his  match  with  sixteen  and  a  half 

seconds  to  spare.  ,     ,         ,  ^^ 

This  continues  to  the  present  day  the  best  three  miles  evei 

done,  and  the  second  mile  in  2.28,  was  then,  and  long  continued 
to  be,  the  best  second  mile  on  record,  and  has  only  been  beat 
by  Lady  Suffolk,  Tacouy,  and  Flora  Temple. 

In  October  of  this  year.  Lady  Suffolk  beat  Don  Juan,  in 
5  i4_5  24  ;  and  afterwards  made  her  four  miles  under  the  sad- 
dle in  11  22,  which  time  has  never  been  beaten  since,  except 
by  herself,  nor  before  except  by  Dutchman,  who  got  down  m 
183G,  as  has  been  recorded,  to  the  almost  incredible  time,  tor  a 

trotter,  of  10m.  51e.*  w    i  ^ 

Of  late  years,  three  and  four-mile  trots  have  ceased  to  be 
tlie  fashion.  The  trotting  of  the  year  1840  was  marked  chiefly 
by  the  steady  advance  in  excellence  of  that  noble  mare.  Lady 
Suffolk,  who  had  several  sharp  contests  with  Edwin  lorrest  and 
Dutchman,  over  whom  she  finally  established  a  distinct  snpe- 

»  See  Note  16,  p.  207 


172 


THE   nOKSE. 


rioritj.  It  also  produced  tlio  following  new,  nnd  afterward  dis- 
tinguished names  on  the  trotting  course,  Napoleon,  Washington, 
Bonaparte,  Aniericns,  and  Aaron  Burr,  as  also  Oneida  Chief' 
the  great  pacer  of  his  day.  ' 

It  is  much  to  be  regretted,  that  in  the  records  of  trots,  the 
ages  of  the  animals,  weight  not  being  relative  to  age,  is  rarely 
given,  which  breeds  much  confusion,  as  names  are  repeated,  ad 
infinitum,  here  as  on  the  tuif  proper,  leading  to  almost  i'rre- 
mediable  error,  as  to  the  individuality  of  the  animals  named. 

The  year,  1841,  opened  at  Centreville,  with  a  trot  of  two 
miles  in  harness,  between  Don  Juan,  Ripton,  a  new  horse  in  his 
first  year,  soon  destined  to  stand  next  to  the  top  of  the  tree,  and 
Washington.  The  last  was  distanced  in  the  first  heat,  which 
was  won  by  Eipton  in  5.19;  the  second  was  won  by  Don  Juan 
in  5.30,  and,  liipton  being  drawn  for  the  third,  the  Don  took 
the  race. 

May  4th,  Centreville.  Lady  Suffolk  beat  Contidence  and 
Washingtoii,  the  last  distanced,  two-mile  heats  in  harness. 


First  mile,   . 
Second  " 

First  heat, 


2.«} 
5.18i 


First  mile,  . 
Second  " 

Second  heat, . 


2.38 
2.38 

5.41 


Oi  the  same  course,  a  few  day;  later,  Confidence,  Lady 
Suffolk  a:  id  Aaron  Burr,  made  a  fine  trot,  with  a  severe  con- 
test, at  mile  heats,  the  best  three  in  five,  Confidence  taking  the 
purse ;  and,  on  the  following  day,  Eipton  beat  Brandy  wine  and 
Hector  two-mile  heats  in  5.23— 5.21|. 

About  the  same  date.  Lady  Suffolk  won  great  distinction, 
and  achieved  her  position,  which  she  never  lost,  by  beating 
Dutcliman  over  the  Hunting  Park  Course,  two  matches,  the  fii-st, 
of  two  miles  in  harness,  done  in  5.21^— 5.19| — 5.21 ;  and  the 
second,  of  three  miles,  under  the  saddle,  as  follows  ;— 

FIB8T  HEAT.  |  gEOOWD  nEAT. 

Fl"'  m'ie 2.82}  First  mile, 2.88 

*'<=™'«'  " 2.»4  Second  " 2.35 

T'li'-d    " 2.84  I       Third     " 2.45 

"VVTiol*  tlm«,       .       .       .    T.40}     1  Whole  Ume,     . 


Oil  the  Centre  vUle  Course,  Brooklyn  Maid,  a  green  five-year 
old  mare,  by  AbUaUah,  whose  stock  now  began  to  take  high 
ground  in  public  favor,  beat  Lady  Clinton  the  best  three  miles 


mmm 


in  five,  tro 

first,  fifth, 

2.38.   A  r( 

pc'iforman 

is  said  by 

cord,  mad 

On  th( 

Maid  agai 

in  8.27-^ 

On  tlu 

—5.28.    < 

three  in  fi 

on    the   1 

Awful,  tl; 

heat,  the 

heats,  ru 

8.16. 

The  d 

do  many 

obstinacj 

ever  he 

persistin; 

Ontl 

two  strai 

carrying 

Over 

Burr,  tv 

Suffolk 

second 

27tli   sli 

odds  W 

heats  in 

excellec 

1855  re 

At: 

•  two  m: 
himself 
The  gr( 
five-mi 


DEBUT  OF    KH'TON. 


173 


in  five,  trottinj»  six  heats,  the  third  a  dead  heat,  wiiuuiig  the 
first,  tit'tli,  and  sixtii  miles  in  2.42— 2.41— 2.40— 2.40.}— ii.40— 
2.38.  A  remarkable  trot,  owing  to  the  extreme  regularity  of  the 
perturmancc,  and  to  the  fact  that  the  sixth  mile  was  the  best.  It 
is  said  by  the  "  Spirit  of  the  Times,"  to  be  the  best  trot  on  re- 
cord, made  by  a  tive-year  old. 

On  the  7th  June,  over  the  Beacon  Course,  the  Brooklyn 
Maid  again  won,  beating  Mingo  and  Eattler,  at  three-mile  heats, 
in  8.27—8.24. 

On  the  10th,  Conlidence  beat  Washington  two  miles  in  5.24 
—5.28.  On  the  12th,  Cayuga  Chief  beat  Aaron  Burr,  the  best 
three  in  five  miles,  in  harness,  in  2.38 — 2.38 — 2.46 — 2.37  ;  and 
on  the  following  day  Aarm  Burr  beat  Lady  Suifolk  and 
Awful,  three  miles  in  harness;  the  gray  mare  taking  the  first 
heat,  the  second  a  dead  lieat,  and  Awful,  third  in  the  three  first 
heats,  ruled  out  for  the  fourth.  Time,  8.02}— 8.03— 8.08— 
8.16. 

The  defeat  of  the  gray  mare,  who  was  known  to  be  able  to 
do  many  seconds  better  than  this  time,  was  attributed  to  the 
obstinacy  of  lier  owner,  David  Bryan,  who  at  this  time,  what- 
ever he  became  afterward,  was  a  bad  driver  and  worse  rider,  in 
persisting  to  jockey  himself,  contrary  to  advice  and  persuasion. 

On  the  Beacon  Course,  July  5th,  Lady  Suffolk  beat  liipton, 
two  straight  heats,  under  the  saddle,  in  2.35 — 2.37|,  the  horse 
carrying  169  lbs.,  being  24  over  weight. 

Over  the  same  course,  on  the  13th,  Dutchman  beat  Aaron 
Burr,  two-mile  heats,  easy,  in  5.25 — 5.23.  On  the  22d,  Lady 
Suffolk  beat  Awful  two-mile  heats  in  harness,  winning  the 
second  and  third,  in  5.26^ — 5.28 — 5.24.  And  again,  on  the 
27th  she  defeated  Oneida  Chief,  the  celebrated  pacer,  the 
odds  100  to  60  on  the  horse,  distancing  him  the  first  of  two-mile 
heats  in  the  extraordinary  time  of  5.05,  which  has  never  been 
excelled  but  by  herself  and  Flora  Temple,  in  1840,  1853,  and 
1855  respectively.* 

At  Philadelphia,  on  the  Hunting  Park  Course,  Ripton  won 

•  two  matches,  beating  Duchess  and   Roan  Quaker ;    and  was 

himself  beaten  by  Dutchman;  the  time  not  being  extraordinary. 

The  great  event  of  the  year,  however,  was  unquestionably  the 

five-mile  match  of  Americus'and  Lady  Suffolk,  for  $5,500,  over 

•  See  Note  17,  p.  207. 


174 


TlIK    HOUSE. 


tho  Centrcville  Course,  in  wagons,  tlie  drivcre  to  weigh  145  lbs 
won  by  tlie  former  in  two  straight  iieuts. 


rinax  iiiat. 
TImo  of  first  mile, 
"       Becond  *'      , 
"       third    " 
"       fourth  " 
"       fifth      " 

Wholo  time, 


.    2.M> 
2.,'K)} 

.     'iM 
2.42^ 

■  i.ioi 

18.54 


"KCOftD  niAT. 

Tliiio  of  first  inllc,        .       ,       .    2511 
•       .       2.,10 


second  ' 


third 

fourth 

fifth 


2.4A 
2.4T 
2.+t 


Wholo  time, 


18.584 


The  aggregate  of  tlie  time  given  is  resiJectively,  first  lieat 
13.54  ;  second,  13.58^.  ' 

Tho  wliolo  feu  miles  done,  without  distress,  in  the  araaziirr 
time  of  27in.  52^8.  " 

This  year  is  remarkable  for  the  sustained  performances  of 
Lady  Suffolk  aiul  Dutchman,  the  improvement  of  the  extraordi- 
nary young  horse  Americus,  and  the  amazing  promise  of  tho 
new  entries,  Ripton,  who  long  afterward  proved  himself  nothino- 
but  a  good  one,  and  Brooklyn  Maid,  worthy  the  noble  stock  ot" 
Abdallah. 

1842.  The  first  event  of  this  year  was  the  occurrence  of  one 
of  those  acts  of  savage  barbarity,  which  have  brought  such  dis- 
grace on  the  trotting  turf,  and  contributed  too  justly  to  render  it 
a  scandal  in  the  sight  of  all  moral  and  kind-hearted  men.  This 
was  tho  driving  to  death  of  a  mare  called  Empress,  on  the 
Bascombe  Course  at  Mobile,  in  an  attempt  to  do  thirty  miles  in 
two  hours,  which  the  unfortunate  animal  had  not  so  much  as  a 
ulnince  to  accomplish.  She  gave  out  hopelessly  beaten  at  the 
t'venty-first  mile,  and  was  dead  of  pure  exhaustion  in  less  than 
two  hours. 

In  this  season  a  number  of  Abdallah  colts  came  out  with 
more  or  less  success,  and  there  were  several  matches  and  purses 
given  for  competition  by  that  horse's  stock  alone.  Among  these 
were  Hector,  Ajax,  Fourth  of  July,  and  Brandywine,  all  of 
which  did  good  work  ;  the  last-named  more  especially. 

Over  the  Beacon  Course,  May  6th,  Ellen  Thom])son  made  a 
four-mile  race,  beating  Tom  Jefiereon ;  the  mare  under  saddle, 
the  horee  in  harness,  in  11.55—11.33 ;  good  time,  and  beaten  by 
Lady  Suffolk  and  Dutchman  only. 

Tlie  following  day,  Ripton  beat  Confidence  and  Lady  Sufl'nlk, 
two  straight  heats  of  two  miles,  ia  5.10^ — 5.12^^ ;  and  three  days 


imm^miMia^: 


■zm 


KIPTON   AND   LAl.Y   SUFFOLK. 


175 


ll    until  Flora  Temple  beat  it,  by  ten  seconds,   n  18.,.. 
one  else,  unui  1  lom  ^      i  .         .     t^vo-uule 

™>ns,  to  .-eigb  lV5lbs.eacb,  ^^'^vers,  U.  lbs     lupton^  08 
f,l  wHirim  Woodruff,  23 11)8.  over  weiglit,  in  5.14^-5..  < 

J:i  t  .lie  mile  l.e'ats  in  sulkier,  »Kcn  Kip.ou  won  m  two 

''"?Kerci;"!nbis  raco  pvoduccd  much  disBatlrfaCion.  It  waa 

^,  ,.,„,l  .l,»t  the  mi  mare  was  oat  of  condition,  and 

gcnci-ally  asBOi-ted  .h„  Ac  giay  ^  ^^  ^,j^^ 

r;r      -trke '^e  .;.,  »  wUidi  .heodd.  instantly 

™t:Ilt';^"^;fo:^n^with.3ihs:.esswei,.tthan 

""AtStillc,  in  October,  Blpton  again  beat  Confidence^ 
and  Cayuga  Chief  bcatDucliess,  respectively  m  6.10i-6.20 

"""SJrHiSi;  P^lc  S^Jchman  heatEifle  tlie  best  three  in 
five,  in  2.43-2.3T-3.38-2.36. 

•  Bee  Note  18,  p-  207. 


176 


T(iE   IIORS'E. 


And  to  conclude,  Lady  Suffolk  beat  Independence,  having 
Bcarcelj  run  a  winner  bcfuro  in  the  whulo  Bcason,  wit'li  great 
ease,  the  horse  being  amiss,  in  5.37. 

This  season  was  disi;;raccd  by  another  cmelly  long  match 
IJlack  Joke  being  matched  to  do  lilly  miles  in  four  hours.  Tlio 
feat  was  acconii>lis]iod  with  three  minutes  to  spare;  hut  tlic 
animal  was  driven  all  but  blind,  and  it  was  with  the  greatest 
ditHculty  tliat  Ins  eyes  were  saved. 

In  London,  an  English  mare,  Lady  Hampton,  did  Rcvtmteon 
miles  in  one  minute  twenty-threo  seconds  within  the  hour;  naid 
to  be  the  best  time  ever  made  in  that  conntry,  though  I  believe 
erroneously  ;  for  if  I  do  not  err,  the  trotting  stallion,  Uellfounder, 
subsequently  im]»urtcd  to  America,  had  done  seventeen  miles 
and  a  half  within  the  hour,  previous  to  1831. • 

On  the  whole,  the  peculiarity  of  this  year  was  the  Avant  of 
success  of  Lady  Suffolk,  which  was  attributed  universally  to 
the  obstinacy  and  inefficiency  of  her  owner;  and  the  distin- 
guished pertbrmunces  of  Kipton,  who  was  decidedly  tho  cham- 
pion of  the  season,  beside  having  made  the  best  recorded  time 
in  harness,  and  the  best  time  in  wagons,  under  an  extraordinary 
weight.  This  and  1S43  were  his  best  years,  and  he  never  ex- 
celled, nor  indeed  ever  again  quite  e(pialled  their  promise. 

In  the  year  1843,  the  season  opened  so  early  as  February 
27tli  and  28th,  vvith  trotting  on  the  ice  at  Missisquoi  Bay,  in 
Canada  East,  not  fur  from  the  frontiers  of  Yermont,  which  has 
continued  to  be  u  distinguished  trotting  region,  and  has  sent' 
some  excellent  animals  to  New  York.  On  this  occasion,  al- 
though the  sport  was  said  to  be  very  good,  no  time  was  kept, 
so  that  it  is  nsoless  to  enter  into  details. 

Early  in  this  season,  also,  there  were  trotting  and  pacing 
matches  at  New  Orleans,  and  on  the  Kendall  Course  at  Balti- 
more, but  nothing  occurred  worthy  of  being  recorded,  nor  any 
time,  to  be  compared  with  that  of  the  Northern  trotting  courses. 

At  Quebec,  however,  a  French  horse,  Passe  Carreaxi,  who, 
under  a  different  name,  in  after  days,  earned  great  distinction, 
made  his  debut,  doing  2.3-i  on  ice.  Of  him  we  shall  see  more 
anon. 

In  the  n.ean  time,  on  the  Beacon  Course,  May  15,  came  olf 
the  first  great  event  of  the  season,  being  the  first  of  three 


*  See  Note  10,  p.  207. 


^ 

rV^      ..^^O; 


■.w. 


*-     ■*'     r^%, 


v«^.  -  .0, 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


s 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  MIcroreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


BEACOX  COURSE. 


ITT 


inatclies  in  harness  between  Tiipton  and  Americus.  Tliere  was 
11  (rood  dful  of  betting  on  time,  and  the  odds  ran  that  the  three 
inik'f'  ill  sulkies  would  be  done  nearer  to  8.00  tlian  to  7.50. 

The  fastest  time  of  three-mile  I'leats,  hitherto,  was  Dutch- 
niaiiV  7.41,  and  the  next  to  that  Ripton's  7.5(5^ ;  on  both  which 
occasions  the  course  was  said  to  be  in  better  order  for  making 
creat  time,  than  now. 

This  match  was,  however,  won  by  Ripton,  beating  Ids  for- 
mer time,  in  7.53 — 8.03. 

On  the  22d,  the  same  horses  went  their  second  match,  in 
sulkies,  two-inile  heats,  Eipton  wiiming  the  lirst  and  third 
heats.  In  the  second,  being  frightened  by  a  dog,  lie  became 
uncontrollable,  and  was  adjudged  to  lose  the  heat  for  uninten- 
tional, foul  driving.     Time  5.12 — 5.12 — 5.17. 

Oti  the  29th,  Eipton  won  the  last  match  of  the  mile  heats 
in  harness,  in  2.43 — 2.41,  the  course  very  heavy ;  thus  proving 
himself  the  better  horse  at  short  and  long  distances.  Two 
or  three  days  before  thin  match,  although  I  omitted  it  in 
its  proper  turn,  in  order  to  give  the  three  matches  of  Ripton 
and  Americus  consecutively,  Beppo  beat  Independence,  the 
best  three  in  five,  mile  befits,  in  th)  remarkable  time  of  2.32 j — 
2.3U— 2.33— 2.38— 2.35,  beating  Edwin  Forrest's  2.31^—2.33 
l)y  half  a  second,  his  being  previously  the  best  on  record  in 
harness. 

On  the  same  course,  July  4th,  Lady  SuiFolk,  Beppo  and  In- 
dependence, trotted  mile  heats,  the  best  three  in  five,  with 
catch  weights,  in  the  saddie,  the  mare  carrying  143  lbs.,  and 
wimiing  the  first,  fourth  and  fifth  heats,  the  second  a  dead  heat 
between  her  and  Beppo,  in  2.281-2.28-2.28—2.29—2.32. 

And  again,  July  12,  trotters  at  catch  weights  in  the  saddle, 
pacers  in  harness  with  145,  Lady  Suflblk  and  Beppo  carrying 
143  and  135  lbs.  respectively,  went  against  Oneida  Chief  with 
145  lbs.  in  a  sulky,  when  the  gray  mare  won,  making  the  best 
time  ever  recorded  until  the  year  1853  when  it  was  outdone  by 
Tacony,  and  since  byFlora  Temple.     Time  2.26^—2.27—2.27. 

On  the  12th,  she  once  more  defeated  Beppo  at  mile  heats, 
under  the  saddle,  in  2.30^ — 2.42^2.28. 

But  in  her  next  match  on  the  Beacon  Course,  August  15, 
against  the  pacer  Oneida  Chief,  the  odds  being  heavy  on  the 
Vol.  II.— 12 


178 


THE   HORBK 


mare,  she  was  defeated  easily  by  tlie  horse  in  7.44—7.52.  She 
had  previously  won  in  7.40i,  over  the  Ilnntin},'  Park  Course, 
Philadelphia,  always  a  slower  track  than  the  Beacon,  and  in 
l)ad  trotting  order  at  the  time.  She  was  evidently  out  of  cmi- 
d'ition,  and ''dead  beat,  even  in  the  tirst  heat,  and  was  also  said 
to  be  very  ill  driven  by  Pryan,  who,  justly  or  unjustly,  bears 
all  the  blame  of  the  mare's  defeats. 

In  September,  however,  she  somewhat  retrieved  her  laurels, 
beating  Oneida  Chief,  saddle  against  sulky,  in  2.2'J— 2.3U- 
2.28J ;  and  Confidence,  a  few  days  afterwards,  in  2.38— 2.;il», 

and  2.41.  .       ,         -r^      , 

On  the  25th  of  the  same  month,  Americus  beat  Uutclnuan, 
three-mile  heats,  in  sulkies,  the  best  tliree  in  live,  Kipton  lame 
and  paying  forfeit,  in  8.04-8.11-8.26,  and  9.40. 

The  trotting  at  Cambridge  was  not  worthy  of  record,  m  Sep- 
tember ;  but  in  October  good  time  was  made  there  by  the  after- 
ward famous  stallion  Black  Ilawk. 

At  the  Kendall  Course,  Baltimore,  Oneida  Chief  beat  Lady 
Suffolk,  three  miles  mider  the  saddle,  in  7.48 ;  and  again  beat  the 
mare  and  Dutchman,  the  same  distance,  in  7.59,  8.15,  ;.nd  8.01. 
A  remarkable  pacing  match  came  off,  over  the  Beacon 
Course,  late  in  the  season,  in  which  Sir  Walter  Scott,  against 
time,  being  backed  to  do  eighteen  miles  in  the  hour,  beat  tmie, 
^^Mth  22  seconds  to  spare,  not  having  halted  or  broken  h.s  pace. 
After  the  match  he  was  freely  backed  to  do  19  miles  withm  the 

hour,  without  takers. 

All  this  year,  and  all  the  last,  Lady  Suffolk  went  unsteaddy 
and  uncerfainly ;  was  often  out  of  condition,  and  appeared  to 
tire  without  reason.  She  and  her  driver  did  not  seem  to  under- 
stand one  another ;  and,  as  I  have  said  before,  nghtluUy  or 
wrongfully,  on  him  was  laid  the  blame  of  her  shortconnngs.  ^ 
On  the  whole,  the  honors  of  tliis  year  were  to  Eipton,  wdio 
made  some  cu,.ital  trotting,  and  succeeded  in  estabbslnng  Ins 
superiority  to  the  far-famed  Americus.  .,,,,,.      ^f 

The  year  1844  opened  early  in  April,  with  the  trotting  of 
the  New  Orleans  Association,  but  it  produced  no  event  worthy 
of  commemoration ;  indeed,  to  the  southward  it  does  not  appear 
that  the  genius  of  either  man  or  horse  inclines  seriously  to  this 
pace. 


MOSCOW    OK     PASSE-CAUREAir. 


179 


'.44^7.52.  She 
11^  Park  Course, 
lieacon,  and  in 

'iitly  out  of  (•'  II- 
uid  was  also  said 
ir  unjustly,  bears 

'ved  her  laurels, 
in  2.21>— 2.;5U— 
s,  in  2.38— 2.3!t, 

beat  Dutchnuui, 
ive,  Uipton  lame 
,40. 

of  record,  in  Scp- 
thcre  by  the  after- 

\  Chief  beat  Lady 
and  again  beat  the 
5!),  8.15,  ;jid  8.01. 
over  the  IJeacon 
liter  Scott,  against 
le  hour,  beat  time, 
»r  broken  liis  pace. 
9  miles  within  the 

ilk  went  unsteadily 
1,  and  appeared  to 
not  seem  to  under- 
jfore,  rightfully  or 
r  shortcomings, 
sre  to  Eipton,  who ' 
in  establishing  his 

vitli  the  trotting  of 
3d  no  event  worthy 
1  it  does  not  appear 
lies  eeriously  to  this 


Tlie  same  may  be  said  of  the  spring  moetings  on  the  Beacon, 
Contreville  and  Cambridge  Courses,  on  none  of  which  was  any 
time  made  worthy  of  record. 

On  tlie  20th  of  May,  over  the  Beacon,  Lady  Suffolk  beat 
Aniericus,  I{ii)ton,  Washington  and  Pizarro,  two  miles,  in 
iiariK'ss ;  Americus,  the  favorite,  in  5.17 — 5.19 — 5.18;  and  on 
the  2.']d,  AV^ashington  beat  Duchess  and  Rifle,  the  sedond  tho 
fiivorite,  at  10  to  7,  in  5.17—5.20. 

On  the  (Jth  of  June  Lady  Suffolk  beat  Columbus,  three  miles, 
in  harness,  at  Centreville,  in  7.51 — 8.02. 

About  the  same  time  there  was  a  pacing  match  on  the 
Metairie  Coui-se  at  New  Orleans,  most  remarkal)le  from  the 
fact,  that  Tippecanoe,  who  came  off  victor,  though  losing  the 
first  heat,  over  Grey  Eagle,  in  2.53—2.30—2.40,  carried  GO  lbs. 
over  his  weight. 

On  the  Beacon  Course,  June  15,  was  a  remarkable  trot, 
liipton  against  Confidence,  the  former  in  a  wagon,  the  latter  in 
harness,  the  best  three  in  five.  Ripton,  beside  the  odds  he  gave 
in  the  match,  was  so  lame,  that  his  driver  would  have  paid  for- 
feit, but  being  refused,  decided  to  go  in,  when  he  won  without 
distress,  in  2.40— 2.41— 2.38— 2.42^ — 2.40,  Confidence  winning 
the  first  two  heats. 

The  same  course,  Cayuga  Chief,  in  a  wagon  weighing  220  lbs., 
beat  Washington  and  distanced  Aniericus,  by  a  bad  break  in  his 
first  heat,  in  2.36J—2.53|— 2.40— 2.42— 2.45. 

"''vuga  Chief  made  his  first  half  mile,  though  he  lost  tho 
first  heat,  in  1.15,  no  such  time  ever  having  been  made  before 
in  public. 

A  few  days  afterward  Americus  beat  Lady  Suffolk  and  dis- 
tanced Columbus  over  the  Beacon,  in  7.53^ — 8.01. 

At  Albany,  on  the  4th  of  July,  General  Dunham's  Moscow 
made  his  first  appearance  in  the  United  States,  having  been 
previously  a  winner  of  some  note  in  Canada,  and  believed  by 
lu-  Majesty's  subjects  to  be  able  to  beat  any  Yankee  horse  or 
niaro,  handily.  He  did  nothing  creditable  in  this,  his  first  year, 
but  subsequently  trotted  worthily  of  his  original  renown,  and 
holds  a  high  place  in  the  annals  of  American  trotting. 

His  name  "  Moscow,"  is  a  vulgar  and  barbarous  mis-pro- 
nunciation of  his  original  name,  Pasae-cdireau,  or  Pass-dia- 


\\  I: 


180 


THE  HOBSE. 


mo7id!  the  title  of  a  game  of  cards,  in  common  use  amoiij,'  the 
French  hahitans,  who  arc,  for  the  most  part,  inveterate  jrainhlors. 
1  suppose  tliat  the  nnuieaning  name,  "  Poscora,"  under  which  I 
have  observed  that  a  trotting  stallion  has  heen  advertised  tm- 
sale  during  the  last  autumn  and  winter,  is  also  a  misnoiiier  for 
Passe-carreau,  though  not,  of  course,  applied  to  Moscow,  althougli 
the  sound  is  certainly  a  nearer  approach  to  the  true  name. 

Passe-carrcau,  or  Moscow,  was  a  very  well-bred  horse.  His 
sire  was  a  white-footed  chestnut-hoi-se,  owned  and  ridden  by  C. 
C.  S.  de  Bleury,  of  Montreal ;  got  by  Sir  Walter,  he  by  Hickory 
by  Whip,  imported,  Hickory's  dam  Dido  by  imported  Daredevil, 
g,  d.  by  Symmes'  Wildair,  &c. 

Whip  was  by  Saltram,  dam  by  King  Herod,  g.  d.  by  Oroo- 
noko,  g.  g.  d.  by  Cartouch,  &c.,  &c. 

Daredevil  was  by  Magnet,  dam  Hebe,  by  Chrysolite,  g.  d. 
Proserpine,  sister  to  Eclipse,  &c. 

Symmes'  Wildair  was  by  old  Fearnought,  dam  by  Jolly 
Roger,  out  of  Kitty  Fisher,  &c. 

Sir  AValter's  dam  was  Ncttletop,  by  imported  ^iomed,  g.  d. 
Betsey  Lewis,  by  imported  Shark,  g.  g.  d.  by  Lindsay's  Arabian. 
This  pedigree  is  endorsed  as  mv^ect  by  the  editor  ot  the 
old  "  Spirit  of  the  Times,"  vol.  13,  p.  85,  with  this  addition  :  "  Sir 
Walter  was  owned  by  the  late  Bela  Badger,  Esq. ;  he  is  de- 
scribed to  us  as  a  horse  of  remarkable  speed  and  great  beauty. 

The  chestnut  horse  of  M.  de  Bleury,  which  showed  much 
blood,  with  a  smooth  coat  and  clean  limbs,  is  said  to  have  been 
got  out  of  a  good,  well-bred  mare,  though  probably  not  thorough- 
bred ;    and  Passe-carreau,  or  Moscow,   was  out  ot   a  "  stou' 
Yankee  mare  of  spirit  and  a  great  roadster."  The  correspondent 
of  tlie  "  Spirit,"  from  whom  the  above  information  is  derived,  an 
amateur  and  hoi-se-breeder  from  Sherbrooke,  C.  E.,  also  states 
that  the  dam  of  Passe-carreau,    the  Yankee  mare,  described 
above,  had  extraordinarily  large  and  well-opened  nostrils,  which 
descended  to  her  son-an  infallible  mark  of  blood-and  that 
there  is  no  French  Canadian  blood  in  his  stock. 

According  to  this  account,  it  is  probable  that  the  siro  ot 
Passe-carreau  held  not  less  than  six-eighths,  or  perhaps  seven- 
tenths  of  thorough  blood,  and  that  his  dam  was  a  half-bred  mare 
or  thereabout.    This  would  make  him  a  very  high-bred  horse  ot 


I 


FANNY    JKNKS, 


181 


U80  ainoiii^  flm 
|tonito  <;ainliK'rs. 
J"  uiuler  whicli  I 
|u  advortised  t.>r 
a  misiioi.icr  lor 
Ifoscow,  altlioiiirh 
Itrue  name, 
pred  horse.  Hit* 
md  riddon  In-  V. 
r,  lie  by  Hickory 
torted  Daredevil, 

d,  g.  d.  by  Oroo- 

Chrysolite,  g.  d. 

t,  dam  by  Jolly 

ted  '^iomcd,  g.  d. 
-indsay's  Arabian, 
the  editor  of  the 
lis  addition  :  "  Sir 
',  Esq. ;  he  is  de- 
id  great  beauty." 
ich  showed  much 
said  to  liavo  been 
ibly  not  thorough- 
out  of  a  "  stou* 
I'he  correspondent 
tion  is  derived,  an 
C.  E.,  also  states, 

mare,  described 
ed  nostrils,  which 

blood — and  that 

that  the  sire  of 
or  perliaps  seven- 
!  a  half-bred  mare 
ligli-bred  horse  of 


the  hunter  stamp.  He  was  foaled  in  1830  ;  ho  was  u  fine  showy 
iiiiiinal,  with  easy  and  striking  action. 

On  the  lk*acon  Course,  May  2,  came  off  a  pacing  match,  milo 
liciits,  the  best  three  in  live,  the  horse,Unkiiown,  in  a  sulky,  against 
the  niiiro.  Fairy  (iuoen,  in  a  wagon,  which  was  won  by  the  horse 
in  ^.'ja ;  time  that  had  never  then  been  equalled  on  record,  and 
wiiirh  has  since  that  time  been  excelled  only  by  the  famous 
mure  I'ocaliontas,  who  has  performed  it  in  2.17^.* 

Lady  Suffolk  subsequently  beat  Duchess  and  Washington, 
over  the  Beacon  Couree,  the  best  three  in  five,  at  mile  heats, 
Washington  winning  the  first  heat,  in  2.38—2.33^—2.34—2.37. 
Tlie  course  was  fetlock  deep  in  mud.  Suffolk  did  one  half  mile 
in  1.15;  Duchess  had  never  made  equally  good  time  before. 

On  the  Centreville  track  came  off,  October  2,  a  remarkable 
match  between  Fanny  Jenks,  Misfortune  and  Neptune,  to  go 
ten  miles  in  harness,  with  drivers  of  145  lbs.  weight,  exclusive 
of  siillries.  It  was  won  by  the  mare  Fanny  Jenks,  who  i)er- 
f(iriri(  '  greater  feats  afterward,  and  obtained  a  curiouo  celebrity 
hy  the  figure  she  cut  as  "  Pigeon,"  in  the  sporting  trials  and 
alleged  swindling  case  of  the  Alleynes,  formerly  of  the  Seventh 
Jlussars,  who  subsequently  purchased  the  mare  in  New  York, 
carried  her  to  England,  and  M'on  large  sums,  as  it  was  charged 
against  them,  by  fraudulent  misrepresentations.  The  cases  were 
curious  and  interesting,  the  decisions  being  more  than  once 
reversed  or  set  aside,  and  the  whole  matter,  I  believe,  recently 
reojtened,  after  it  was  believed  to  be  entirely  settled. 

The  time  was  as  follows  ; — 


Time  of  first  mile,   . 

.      8.13 

8.13 

Tl 

meofsLxth  mile, 

.      2.53 

13.12 

"       eoconJ "     . 

.      8.04 

fl.17 

"      seventh  »    . 

.      2.56 

21.08 

"       third     "      . 

.      8.01 

O.IS 

"      ilghth    "    . 

.      2.55 

24.08 

"       fourth  "      . 

.      8.00 

12.13 

"     ninth      "    . 

.      2.55 

26.63 

"       fifth      "      . 

.      2.68    . 

15.14 

"     tenth      "    . 

.      8.10 

29.59 

This  must  be  admitted  to  be  a  most  extraordinary  perform- 
ance, whether  we  look  to  the  character  of  the  horses,  which  had 
no  remarkable  reputation,  and  are,  in  fact,  designated  by  the 
"Spirit  of  the  Times,"  in  its  comments  on  this  trot,  merely  com- 
mon roadsters  ;  or  to  the  fiict,  that  only  twenty-two  years  had 
elapsed  since  it  was  heavy  odds  in  favor  of  time,  against  any 
horse  in  the  United  States  accomplishing  a  single  mile  in  three 
minutes.     Boston  Blue  astonished  the  sporting  world  by  doing 

•  See  Note  20,  p.  207 


'iPlli'WirowgwaBgww 


*>B«»H'*i-'  JTs^r.'a 


182 


THE   H0B8E. 


it  inside  the  time  ;  and  here,  within  a  few  years,  we  find  that  feat 
BO  utterly  outdone,  that  it  h  considered  nothin-;  and  that  u. 
find  conunon  roadsters  keeping  up  the  Runc  pace,  manuitd,, 
not  against  time,  for  ten  consecutive  miles,  and  beating  it  la  the 
ninth  mile  by  live  seconds.  _ 

A.  few  days  later,  Lady  Suffolk  trotting  against  the  pacers, 
J  C  Calhoun  and  Fairy  Queen,  three  in  five,  mile  heats,  the 
horse  winning  the  first  two,  won  in  2.29  ;  2.31 ;  2.28 ;  2.29  ;  2.:>.0. 
Fairv  Queen  was  drawn  in  the  fourth  heat,  having  gone  third  in 
the  iiivt  three,  ..nd  being  necessarily  incompetent  to  win. 

At  Ccntreville,  November  14th,  Fanny  Jenks  was  again 
matched  to  go  ten  miles  against  Troy,  and  again  won  easily  lu 
30.50,  the  horse  not  being  able  to  drive  her  to  her  tonner 

^^^lese  matches  long  remained  unequalled,  hut  they  have 
Bince  been  far  outdone  by  Trustee  and  Lady  Fulton,  both  ot 
whom  have  performed  20  miles  within  the  hour. 

The  trotting  turf  of  1845  owes  its  greatest  eclat  to  tlic  con- 
tests of  Americus,  Lady  Suffolk,  Moscow,  Duchess,  the  pacing 
of  James  K.  Folk,  the  appearance  of  Lady  Jane,  who  showed  lo. 
the  first  time  as  a  winner,  and  for  the  great  performance  by 
Fanny  Jenks  of  a  hundred  miles  in  ten  successive  hours. 
'      Americus  went,  in  all,  eight  trots,— 

Warning  four  thms.  Three-mile  heats  in  harness,  in  two 
heats,  in  8.00;  8.05^,  of  Lady  Suffolk  and  Columbus  Three- 
mile  heats  in  harness,  in  two  heats,  in  8.05 ;  7.59,  ot  Lady  Suffolk. 
Two-mile  heats,  in  three  heats,  in  5.23  ;  5.17^  ;  5.24,  of  Moscow 
One-mile  heats,  in  two  heats,  in  2.34^  ;  2.38^,  of  Moscow,  and 
Duchess,  and  Washington.  ,     .    •    qao. 

Losinq  four  times.  Three-mile  lieats,  in  three  heats,  m  8.02 , 
8  on-  817,  to  Lady  Suffolk.  Two-mile  heats,  in  two  heats, 
in  5  20 ;  5.29,  to  Lady  Suffolk  and  Columbus.  Two-mile  heal, 
iu  thr.o  heats  in  5.09  ;  5.16 ;  5.12,  to  Lady  Suffolk  One-„ak 
heat^  three  in  five,  in  2.40 ;  2.38 ;  2.39 ;  2.46  ;  2.4o,  to  Kipton, 
Americus  winning  the  third  and  fourth. 

Liidy  Suffolk  also  went,  in  all,  eight  times,— 
Wimihig  fourthnes.    Three  times  of  Americus,  as  above 
Mile-heats,  three  in  five,  in  2.34;  2.29^;  2.30;  2.34;  2.35,  of 
Moscow,  the  horse  winning  the  third  and  fourth. 


HUNDUED   Mir,E8   IN   TEN    HOURS, 


183 


1 


■8,  we  find  tlmt  feit 
ling;  and  that  we 
pace,  in  a  niatoli, 
boating  it  in  tlio 

gainst  the  i>acer8, 
ve,  mile  lioats,  the 

iving  gone  third  in 

tent  to  win. 
y  Jonkfi  was  again 
igain  won  easily  iu 
her  to  her  former 

led,  but  they  have 
idy  Fulton,  both  of 
our. 

'st  eclat  to  the  con- 
Duchess,  the  pacing 
ane,  who  showed  foi 
eat  per'brniance  by 
jessive  hours. 

(  in  liarneBS,  in  two 
Columbus.  Threc- 
'.59,  of  Lady  Suffolk, 
'i  ;  5.24,  of  Moscow. 
'dS^,  of  Moscow,  and 

I  three  heats,  in  8.02 ; 
lieats,  in  two  heats, 
18.    Two-mile  heatb 
r  Suffolk.     One-n.ilc 
46;  2.4o,  to  Kipton; 

les, — 

Americus,  as  above. 
2.30;  2.34;  2.35,  of 
fourth. 


Losing /our  iimes.  Twice  to  Americus,  as  above,  three-mile 
heats.  Mile  heats,  three  in  five,  in  2.37;  2.3r..j ;  2.35^;  2.31), 
to  DiK'hess,  she  winning  the  third  heat,  the  fastest.  Mile  heats, 
three  in  live,  in  2.33.^ ;  i;.31i;  2.40;  2.35,  to  Moscow,  she  win- 
ning the  seeond  heat,  the  fastest. 

Moscow,  late  Passe-carreau,  whoso  pedigree  is  given  om 
p.  is;;,  went  in  all,  ten  trots,— 

WinniiKj  six  (lines.  Once  of  Lady  Suffolk  as  -ibove,  at  niilo 
heats;  and  five  times,  mile  heats,  ii  trdinary  time,  of  Lady 
Swan,  &c. ;  Euclid,  &c.  ;  lleality,  ifec. ;  One-eyed  Kiley,  &o., 
and  Duchess. 

I.(hs'nuj  four  times.  Twice  of  Americus,  as  above,  one  and 
two  miles.  Once  to  Lady  Suffolk,  'is  above,  mile  heats.  The 
three  heats,  in  2.43;  2.42;  2.43;  winning  the  first  heat.  Mos- 
cow'c  best  time  this  year  was  in  the  trot  with  Lady  Suffolk, 
when  he  won  the  third  heat  in  2.30. 

llie  Duchess  went  in  all,  three  trots, — 

Winning  once.  Of  Lady  Suffolk,  mile  heats  ;  three  in  five, 
as  abov?;  her  best  time,  2.33^. 

Losing  twice.  To  Americus  and  Moscow ;  mile  heats,  as 
above. 

James  K.  Polk,  a  pacer,  went  three  times, — 

Winning  twice.  Mile  heats,  of  Cayuga  Maid,  in  2.27 ;  dist. 
Mile  heats,  three  in  five,  in  three  heats,  2.33i  ;  2,31 ;  2.39,  of 
John  C.  Caliioun, 

Losing  once.  Two-mile  heats,  in  two  heats,  iu  5.58^;  5,57, 
to  John  Anderson. 

It  is  on  the  5th  of  May  of  this  year,  that  one  of  the  greatest 
feats  ever  performed  by  a  trotting  horse,  by  far  the  greatest 
accomplished  at  that  time,  was  done  by  General  Dunham's 
mare  Fanny  Jenks,  who  has  been  honorably  mentioned  before, 
and  who  was  now  backed  to  trot  one  hundred  miles  in  ten  suc- 
cessive hours,  with  light  weight,  ia  harness;  no  time  being 
allowed  extra  for  stoppages,  as  had  been  the  case  in  Mr.Theall's 
match,  recorded  above. 

The  lowest  mile  of  the  hundred  was  the  twenty-fii-st,  done  in 
6.25  ;  the  fastest  was  the  third,  in  4.47 ;  but  the  hundred  and 
first  mile,  done  within  the  time,  and  over  and  above  the  match, 
was  performed  in  4,23, 


stn^** 


MMJmB^' 


184 


THE   IK 

>BSK. 

Flrit  ten  mllcH  trotted  In  fiB.BO 

Stopped 

0.80 

Second    " 

14 

nu.o4 

41 

l.Ol 

Third       " 

tl 

f)7.4fi 

41 

o.ns 

Fourlli     " 

tl 

f.s.;i5 

11 

1.28 

Fillli 

41 

63.58 

tt 

4.09 

Sixth        " 

li 

67.l'8 

it 

1.B8 

Hi'vcnlh   " 

14 

BS.41 

II 

2.09 

Kighlh      " 

44 

B».:u 

44 

8.10 

Ninth       " 

14 

f.H.!!y 

tt 

1.86 

Tenth       " 

It 

60.20 

It 

0.80 

When  sulky  broke, 

0.68 

Total  of  trotting 

time, 

oh.  20m.  07ll. 

Total  stoppages, 

18.27 

Add  Htopi)ago», 

()0  ins. 

IHm.  278. 

from  start  to  finiid) 

Totnl  time  of  1 

yh.  3Sm.  litN. 

"         lolst 

mile, 

4m.  2:tc. 

Total  time  of  101  ms.  «h.  42m.  bla. 

It  is  Stated  that  llio  mare  was  not  in  the  least  distressed:  Imt 
one  knoWK  what  tliat  nieatis,  where  mute  animals  are  concerned, 
who  cannot  tell  their  sufferings,  and  whose  high  spirit  and  in- 
domitaltlo  courage,  constantly  induce  them  to  die  at  their  woric, 
ratlier  than  yield  to  weariness  and  stop. 

Every  sportsman  who  has  ridden  a  well-hred  horse  until  he 
stands  still,  knows  that  it  is  a  hundred  to  one  that  he  will  lie 
down  in  a  minute  or  two,  and  that,  if  he  do  so,  the  odds  are 
any  thing  to  nothing  against  his  over  standing  up  again. 

"  It  is  true  that,  in  this  case,  the  mare  was  not  seriously  or 
permanently  injured,  but,  to  my  eyes,  this  in  no  degree  mitigates 
the  cruelty  or  lessens  the  wrong. 

I  should  like  to  see  such  matches  made  a  misdemeanor,  and 
the  makers  of  them  pnnished  by  incarceration  at  hard  labor. 
It  is  such  deeds  as  these  that  bring  sportsmen  into  odium,  and 
tlic  fairest  and  most  iisefid  kinds  of  sporting  into  disftxvor  with 
men  of  humane  and  religious  spirit.  I  shall  never  cease  from 
protesting  against  them,  and  I  rejoice  to  observe  tlje  storm  ot 
reprobation  called  forth  from  the  press,  nniversally,  by  the  late 
yet  more  reckless  and  atrocious  time  match  on  the  public  road, 

in  New  York. 

No  man  deserves  to  own  a  horse,  who  would  so  crueLy  and 
wantonly  misuse  his  powers  and  impose  upon  his  patient  forti- 
tude. 


8KA80N   OF   1846. 


185 


0.80 
l.Ol 
l>M 
l.'2H 
4.0(1 

I'.OK 
».!(> 
1.86 
ri..io 
0.68 

[ipttBca,  18.27 


(listrcssod:  Imt 
uiroooiiccrtUMl, 
li  spirit  hikI  jn- 
u  at  their  work, 

lorso  until  lie 
that  lie  will  Ho 
3o,  tlie  odds  aro 
p  agai'i. 
not  soriou.'^ly  or 
legrt'C  iiiitigatea 

sdemeaiior,  and 
at  hard  labor, 
nto  odium,  and 
:o  disfavor  with 
Bver  cease  from 
.•e  tlje  storm  of 
lly,  by  the  late 
he  public  road, 

I  so  cruelly  and 
is  patient  forti- 


Sninp  other  horses  and  innreH,  bh  BimtoM,  lUack  Marin,  Hector 
HU'\  llciirv  C'lay  wore  cotisi«leraMo  winners,  ho  far  as  number  of 
races  \n  concerned,  but  ti<tt  against  aninuds  of  note,  nor  in  time 
wiirthy  '"f  recnrd. 

The  peril irmances  of  1840  lay  ]>rincipally  among  the  same 
aiiinuilH,  Anu'rieus,  Lady  Suftolk,  Moscow,  I)n<'hess,  Lady  Mos- 
cow, a  new  appearance,  and  the  pacer,  James  Iv.  I'olk. 

AiiiericuH  went  in  all,  si.x  trots, — 

Wntinnij  t/in'rc.  Two-mile  heats,  in  two  heats,  in  5.13  ;  f).!  1, 
of  Lady  Suftolk  and  MoHcr)w.  Two-jiiile  heats,  in  two  heats,  in 
5.22;  r». •_*(»,  of  Hector.  Two-mile  lieafs.  in  three  heats,  in  5.17^; 
."(.IT;  '(.22,  of  Moscow,  who  won  the  tirst  heat. 

Lox'niij  thr'ii'i.  Mile  lii-ats,  three  in  Jive,  in  three  heats,  in 
t>.;]7.i;  2..'{7;  2.35,  to  Lady  Suftolk  and  Mosow.  Mile  heats, 
three  in  live,  in  five  heats,  in  2.3+;  2.34i;  2.34  A ;  2.35;  2.38^, 
to  l.iuiy  Suftolk,  winning  the  ftrst,  fonrtli  a  dead  heat  with  Mos- 
cow, Suftolk  tl'ird.  Two-mile  heats,  in  harness,  in  live  heats,  in 
6.30.V;  5.25;  i..27.i  ;  5.33^;  5.45f,  to  Duchess,  winning  the 
foiirtli,  a  secctnd  dead  heat  with  Moscow,  Duchess  third. 

Lady  Suffolk  went  in  all,  ftve  trots, — 

]\'l)ui!>t(/  twice.  Against  Americus  an<l  Moscow,  as  above. 

Loshifj  thrice.  Two-mile  heats,  to  Americus,  in  two  heats, 
\\\  5.13;  5.11.  Three-mile  heats,  saddle,  in  two  heats,  in  7.46; 
7.4t(J,  to  James  K.  Pcdk,  i)acing  in  sulky.  Two-mih?  heats,  sad- 
dle, in  two  heats,  in  5.8J ;  5.10,  to  James  K.  Polk,  pacing  in 
skeleton  wagon. 

Moscow  went  in  all,  six  times,  and  with  bad  fortune,  though 
going  well  and  with  ftrst-class  horses, — 

Limiiuj  aix  times.  Once  to  Americus,  as  above.  Twice  to 
Lady  Moscow,  as  above.  Two-mile  heats,  in  harness,  in  ftve 
heats,  as  above,  to  Duchess  and  Americus.  Two-mile  heats,  in 
two  heats,  in  5.30 ;  5.36,  to  Duchess.  Two-mile  heats,  ia  two 
heats,  in  5.33A  ;  5.21 ;  to  James  K.  Polk. 

James  K.  Polk  went,  in  all  four  times,  with  great  forfnne, — 

Winning  four  times.  Twice,  as  above,  of  Lady  Suftolk. 
Once,  as  above,  of  Moscow.  Mile  heats,  three  in  five,  in  three 
lieats,  in  2.58  ;  2.56  ;  2.54,  against  Cracker  Boy. 

Lady  Mo.scow  went  in  all,  three  times, — 


"^iS^^Si^^^^W^^^: 


180 


THE   IIORAR. 


Whinhif/  tw'nv.  Milt^  IiofttH,  tliroo  in  flvp,  in  tliroo  liontn,  in 
'2.47;  li.H},  of  lU'tHcy  Uaki-r,  in  ImnioHH,  lant  lu-at  not  limed. 
Miu'lu-atn;  in  Jour  linitK,  in  2.45  ;  2.39;  2.42i;  2.47. 

J^ofthiif  on<r.     Milu  licatn,  in    first  hent,  diHtanccd,  2.44,  to 

Jolm  MatHt. 

On  tlio  wliolc,  Laily  SuHolk  liad  tlio  lionnrn  of  tlu^ycar,  l.cat- 
in"  Arurricurt  twice  to  liirt  oncf,  uiul  Mohcow  tiirico  in  tlic  muw 
nici'B,  nnd  only  losing;  to  a  pacer,  tlio  faHtt'Ht  of  liis  tiino. 

M(»8Co\v  filiowt'd  iiiniHi'lf  a  good  liorwc,  altlioii«:li.  Imjmr  r,,i,- 
gri'ysii,'^,  lid  could  not  make  good  the  vaunt  of  iiin  Canatliuii 
friends,  agaiuKt  sucli  eraekn  ns  AinericuH  and  the  Old  Lady. 

Duchess  did  well,  winning  both  her  trots  as  recorded  above, 
and  beating  AiiuM-icuH  and  Mohcow. 

Lady  Moscow,  whose  name,  by  the  way,  is  anotlier  exceed- 
ingly stupid  miniomer,  said  to  be  a  weak  invention  to  represent 
Yaimiska,  from  the  valley  of  which  Canadian  river  she  is  be- 
lieved to  have  come,  and  doubly  objectionable  as  seeming  to 
imply  relationship  to  Moscow,  also  gave  some  evidence  of  what 
she  w<udd  be  thereafter,  lUthough  she  is  mentioned  here,  rather 
to  record  her  first  entrance  on  the  trotting  turf,  than  in  right  ot 
her  doings.     This  year  was  disgraced  by  two  more  brutal  trials 

against  time. 

First,  Ariel,  nuitched  to  trot  fifty  miles,  within  four  hours, 
after  running  away,  upsetting  her  sulky  and  driver,  and  losing 
5m.  51^8.,  won  the  match  with  4m.  l!>|s.  to  spare. 

Not  content  with  this,  her  owner  matclied  her  to  go  100 
miles,  against  Fanny  Murray  and  Stager,  in  sulkies  carrying 
catch  weight ;  when,  having  met  with  an  accident,  by  which 
she  lost  a  mile  and  lamed  herself,  early  in  the  race,  she  was  yet 
driven  through  the  whole  distance,  which  she  accomplished  in 
Oh.  nim.,  though  beaten  by  Fanny  Murray,  who  performed  tho 
same  distance  in  9h.  41m.  2(58.  Stager  gave  out  after  going 
sixty  miles,  in  pretty  good  time. 

Such  performances  as  these  need  no  comment.  It  is  coolly 
added  that,  but  for  the  accident,  in  spite  of  which  the  unfor- 
tunate animal  was  pressed  to  the  end,  after  it  must  have  been 
\oncr  evident  that  she  could  not  possibly  win,  the  result  might 
have  been  different. 


BKASOV   OK    Ifl47. 


187 


iliroo  Iiontu,  in 
ii'iit   not   tiiiu'(|. 
2.47. 
|stimft'»l,  li.tJ,  to 

if  tlicycar,  Iioiif- 
|iiicc  in  till)  Hunio 

lis  tiiiK^. 

I'liU'li,  impiir  run- 
I'T  his  ('jiiia<liaii 
If  Old  \M\y. 

rocunU'd  above, 

another  exceed- 

itioii  to  represent 
river  hlie  is  he- 
le  as  Heeinin<'  to 
evidoiieo  of  what 
oned  here,  rather 
',  than  in  rij,'Iit  of 
iiore  brutal  trials 

itliin  four  lionrs, 

:lriver,  and  hwiiij,' 

iro. 

ed  her  to  go  100 

sulkies  earrvinj; 
,'cidont,  by  which 
race,  she  was  yet 

nccoMiplishod  in 
ho  performed  the 

out  after  going 

cut.  It  is  coolly 
which  the  unfor- 
uiust  have  been 
the  result  might 


Tho  ftoUHon  of  1847  is  marked  by  tlio  witlnlrawal  of  Aiiier- 
icurt,  who  lay  dark,  ami  though  Im  afterwardrt  reappeared,  did 
no  more  great  work;  for  tluM'Xtraordinary  Hueceswi's  of  Lady 
Siilfolk.  tlu!  continui'd  ill-fortune  of  Moscow,  tho  inereaseil  re- 
nown of  Lady  Moscow,  tho  steady  work  of  tinck  Ilossiter,  and 
the  appearance  of  three  new  cracks,  in  tlu?  to  be  hereafter, 
I'.Iack  Hawk,  the  trotting  stallion  ;  Lady  Sutton,  (daimed  to  be 
Morgan,  both  on  tho  sire's  and  dam's  side;  and  flack  Kossiter,  of 
whom  no  OIK!  pretends  to  know  any  thing,  except  that  he  was 
used  at  Milwaukic  to  draw  a  baggage-wagon,  from  tli«^  dock  to 
the  hotel,  where  he  was  set'U  and  admire(l  by  ^[r.  Kossiter, 
whence  his  mime,      ibit  of  his  pedigree  nothing  is  asserte<l. 

The  {{lack  llawk  of  this  year  is  not  to  bo  confounded  with 
the  Morgan  Hhudv  Hawk,  who  has  been  mentioned  before  as  u 
winner  on  the  ('ambridgc  Trotting  Course  in  1S42. 

This  is  the  famous  Long  Island  IMaek  Hawk,  by  Andrew 
Jackson,  out  of  Sally  Miller,  the  famous  trotting  nuire,  rival  of 
Old  ('olund)Us. 

lioanoke,  the  pacer,  also  did  capitally  well  this  year. 

Lady  Sutlblk,  however,  bears  away  the  bell,  beyond  all 
rivalry.  She  was  a  winner  nine  times;  against  Hector,  twice, 
James  K.  I 'oik,  Moscow,  thrice,  Koanoke,  Lady  S\itton,  an<l 
llipton,  whose  career  was  drawing  to  a  close.  These  ])erform- 
ances  were  at  three,  two,  and  one-mile  heats,  under  sa<hlie,  in 
harness,  and  to  sulkies,  doing  three  miles  in  7.50 — H.Wi^ — two 
miles  in  5.03 — 5.10 — 5.12,  one  milo  in  2.33.},  and  the  last  milo 
in  a  three-mile  heat,  which  she  lost  to  James  K.  Polk,  in  2.20}. 

No  trofting-horse  came  near  to  her  this  year,  when  she  was 
in  her  f(jurteenth  year. 

James  K.  I'olk,  the  celebrated  pacer,  was  tlirico  victorious, 
heating  Lady  Sufi'.dk  two-mile  heats,  sulky  against  saddle,  in 
5.04} — 5.09,  and  tliree-mile  heats  in  7.44 — 7.53  ;  and  also  Roan- 
oke and  Oregon  Maid,  two-mile  heats  in  5.06 — 5.14,  IIo  was 
beaten  once  as  above  by  Lady  Suffolk,  saddle  against  wagon,  in 
5.03,  which  distanced  him. 

Moscow  won  two  trots  at  one  and  two-mile  heats,  beating 
I'^lias  Ilicks,  but  was  beaten  thrice  by  Lady  Suftblk,  to  whom 
he  was  not  equal,  at  any  time,  and  by  Hector  in  company  with 
Black  Maria. 


?»:■;' 


188 


THE   ItOliSE. 


Lady  Moscow  was  thrice  a  winner,  and  not  beaten,  defeating 
Gipsey  and  Grey  Harry ;  Philadelphia  Sal,  andGipsoy;  Lady 
Sntto!),  Sal,  and  Grey  Harry,  all  at  one-mile  heats,  her  he  i  time 
2.37 — 2.32—2.33,  against  Lady  Sutton. 

Lady  Sutton  also  won  thrice,  at  two-mile  heats,  against  Sal 
and  Grey  Eagle  twice;  Ajaxonce;  best  time  5.17—5.21,  very 
o-ood  for  a  young  mare,  in  her  second  season.  She  was  beaten 
three  times,  by  Lady  Suffolk,  by  Ripton— whose  only  victory 
was  at  her  expense— and  by  Lady  Moscow,  of  whom  she  was  hi 
after  time  a  constant  and  worthy  rival. 

Jack  Rossiter  won  nothing,  and  was  beaten  by  JaneRedtop, 
and  Lady  Jane,  in  very  good  time  for  a  green  horse,  and  with 
gain,  ratiier  than  with  loss  of  credit. 

Black  Hawk,  on  the  contrary,  won  on  his  first  appearance, 
beatinf'  in  a  2501b.  wagon,  Je-.ny  Lind,  in  a  skeleton  wagon, 
mile  heats,  taking  the  first  and  last,  in  2.40-2.38,  and  2.43. 
He  afterward  received  forfeit  from  the  same  mare,  for  the  best 
three  in  five  of  mile  boats. 

Of  the  first  event,  the  editor  of  the  New  York  Turf  Register 
obeerves,  "  taking  into  consideration  that  Black  Hawk  never 
trotted  before,  we  think  it  will  be  conceded  that  his  perform- 
ance is  the  most  extraordinary  sporting  event  of  the  season. 
He  is  but  nine  years  old,  and  will  improve." 

This  year  Willard  Reed  made  some  extraordinary  tandem- 
driving  over  the  Union  Course  against  ti  ne.  He  was  backed  to 
trot  Grey  Harry  and  Betsey  Baker  a  mile  in  2m.  50s.     Reed  to 

have  two  trials. 

He  did  the  distance,  at  the  first  trial,  in  2.41f,  but  the  mare, 
•who  was  the  slower  of  the  two,  having  broken  up  and  galloped 
about  two  hundred  yards,  before  Grey  Harry  could  be  pulled 
back  to  her  ;  the  judges  ordered  a  second  trial,  although  it  was 
admitted  that  Reed  had  lost  no  time  in  bringing  her  down  to 

her  work.  ,  ,  v^  » 

On  the  second  trial,  Reed  drove  them  "as  li  for  a  man  she, 

and  they  trotted   the  mile,  without  a  break,  in  2.43f .    They 

made  the  firet  quarter  in  42^  sec,  and  the  first  halt-mile  in  L22, 

the  best  time,  by  all  odds,  on  record. 

The  only  long-distance  match  of  this  year  was  a  match  that 

Francib  Duflfy'sGrey  Marshall  would  trot  17  miles  in  harness  m 


SEASON  OF  1848. 


189 


eaten,  defeating 
1  Gipsey ;  Lady 
ts,  lier  L(-l  tiino 

;ats,  against  Sal 
).17— S.'Jl,  very 
She  was  beaten 
ose  only  victory 
ivliom  she  was  in 

by  Jane  Redtop, 
horse,  and  with 

first  appearance, 
skeleton  wagon, 
-2.38,  and  2.43. 
nare,  for  the  best 

)rk  Turf  Register 
ack  Hawk  never 
that  his  perform- 
it  of  the  season. 

ordinary  taiidem- 
lle  was  backed  to 
m.  50s.     Reed  to 

:lf,  but  the  mare, 
I  up  and  galloped 
y  could  be  pulled 
,1,  although  it  was 
iging  her  down  to 

if  for  a  man's  life," 
,  in  2.43f.  They 
;  halt-mile  in  1.22, 

was  a  match  that 
niles  in  harness  in 


one  hour.     He  won  it,  with  perfect  ease,  in  58  50  domg  Ins  hi.t 
Z.Z  quickest  of  the  match,  in  2.56.    In  the  opm.on  o 
cipetent'spectator.  he  could  have  done  the  e.ghteen  mdes 

^^■''TlVtercontestants,  of  1848,  are  somewhat  altered  from 
those  of  the  latter  years,  some  new  ones  having  appeared  and 
some  old  friends  having  been  withdrawn  temporarily,  or  to  ic- 

"•X:;:;:  appeared  this  season  only  to  l>e  beaten  •  Black 
Hawk  improved,  justified  his  promise,  and  was  but  once  beaten 
Lady  Suffolk  and  Lady  Sutton  were  the  great  victors  ot  the 
year.  Lady  Moscow  scarcely  maintaining  hei-  chanicter  ot  ok . 
Between  Chatauque  Chief,  Jack  Rossitor,  Lady  Jane  and  St 
L   n-MK-e,  a  new  conqueror,  in  the  shape   of  a  iuU-blooded 
Criian' stallion,  lay  the  great  and  Fot-ted  str^^^^^^^^^ 
dominion,  though  not  for  quite  the  hrst  place.     Black  liavsk 
t      twic  ,  bearing  Lady  Sutton,  mile  heats,  best  three  in  iiven 
2501b.  wagons,  in  2.43-2.43-2.42-2.45^,  the  mare  taking  tie 
second  heat;  and  Americus, twice  at  three-mile  heats  m  2oOlb. 
ris,  his  best  time  in  8.28.-8.30-8.34,  the  geldmg  taking 
the  tirst  heat;  and  was  beaten  once  by  Lady  Suttom 

Lady  Suffolk  won  four  times,  beating  Lady  Moscow  and 
Americus;  Lady  Sutton;  and  James  K.  Polk,  twice,  saddle 
against  a  200  lb.  wagon,  and  harness  against  a  220  lb.  wagon-- 
Indv  Sutton  at  one,  the  others  at  two-mile  heats,  time  not 
il^^^^^^  She  was  beaten  twice;  once  by  Lady  Moscow, 
and  once  by  Lady  Sutton,  the  first  defeat  being  Lady  Mos- 

cow's  only  victory.  .  .       -^  , 

Lady  Sutton  also  came  off  four  times  a  winner  against  Vol- 
cano,  Lady  Suffolk  and  Lady  Moscow,  Black  Hawk  and  Jack 
Kossiter;  but  was  beaten  as  often,  twice  by  Grey  Eagle,  once 
by  Black  Hawk,  and  once  by  Lady  Suffolk. 

Chatauque  Chief  was  three  tinges  victorious;  over  Jack 
Rossiter,  twice  ;  over  St.  Lawrence,  twice  ;  and  ^-th  the  latter 
once  ov^r  Smoke.  But  he  was  beaten,  m  his  turn,  once  by 
Jack  Rossiter,  once  by  Lady  Jane,  and  four  times  by  St.  Law- 
rence; who  ^as  numerically  the  fii-st  winner  of  the  ye.  r  com- 
ing off  seven  times  victorious,  and  only  three  times  be  ten,  by 


',,1*1 


..,s^w**...,..=&wu.'««k.*^a'  ■ 


190 


THE   HftRSE. 


Cliatauquc  Chief,  twice,  and  again  by  La  Prairie.    Hia  trots 
were  all  mile  lieata,  ond  2.34,  his  best  time  up  to  this  date. 

Grey  Eagle  also  did  worthily  of  his  name,  connected  as  it 
sounds  with  the  legends  of  a  nobler  turf ;  and  Trustee,  the  son  of 
imported  thoroughbred  Trustee,  by  Catton,  out  of  Eiunii.,  by 
"Whisker,  his  dam  the  celebrated  trotting-mare  Fanny  PuUcu, 
won  twice  at  two,  and  once  at  three-mile  heats.  It  was,  how- 
ever, by  a  match  against  time,  over  the  Union  Course,  Long 
Island,  that  he  won  for  liimself  imperishabh  renown  as  a  trot- 
ting-horse,  who  has  accomplished  at  his  own  gait  .vhat  it  is  not, 
by  any  means,  every  thoroughbred  hunter  that  can  perform  at  a 
gallop. 

llo  was  backed  to  do  twenty  miles  within  the  hour,  in  har- 
ness, and  appeared  on  the  scene  on  Friday,  Oct.  20,  the  course 
in  good  order,  no  sun,  and  the  wind  high. 

He  was  driven  by  Cor'elius  S.  Bertine,  weighing  145  lbs.  in 
a  150  lb.  ordinary  sulky.  The  odds  were  100  to  40  on  time. 
The  word  "  go !  "  was  given  so  vehemently  that  the  horse  broke, 
but  he  caught  his  step,  and  never  broke  again  throughout  the 
whole  performance.  In  trotting  the  ninth  and  tenth  miles,  the 
horse  fell  off  a  few  seconds,  and  many  persons  thought  that  he 
was  tiring;  but  judges  remarked,  as  he  passed  the  stand,  that  he 
was  going  perfectly  at  his  ease,  w'ith  his  ears  playing.  On  the 
15th  mile,  the  odds  on  time  declined  a  little.  On  the  ITtli,  a 
horse  was  galloped  by  his  side  to  encourage  him  ;  on  the  18th, 
it  was  even  betting ;  on  tlie  lOtli  mile,  50  to  40  was  offered  on 
the  horse.  On  commencing  the  20th  mile,  Bertine  let  the  horse 
out,  and  he  came  in,  apparently  as  fresh  as  when  he  started,  do- 
ing his  twentieth  mile  the  lastest  of  the  match  in  2.51|. 

The  time  was  carefully  kept,  in  the  judges'  stand,  by  three 
watches ;  it  was  as  follows ; — 


First  mile, 
Second  " 
Third  " 
Fourth  " 
Fil\h  " 
Sixth  " 
Seventh  " 
Eighth  " 
Ninth  " 
Tenth     " 


3.01 
2.56 
2.56 
2.55 
2.54 
2.56 
2.67 
2.S8 
3.00 
3.01 


Aggregate,  3.01  | 

(( 

5.57 

1( 

8.63 

t( 

11.50 

t( 

14.44 

(( 

17.40 

tt 

20.37 

4i 

23.35 

It 

26.35 

It 

29.36 

Eleventh 
Twelfth 

Thirteenth  " 

Fourteenth  " 

Fifteenth  " 

Sixteentli  " 

Seventeenth  " 

Eighteenth  " 

Nineteenth  " 

Twentieth  " 


mile,  3.03 
"  2.54 
"     2.59  . 

3.03  . 

3.04  . 

3.05  . 
2.59  . 
3.01  . 
2.59  . 
2.51^. 


Aggregate,  32.89 

"  35.33 

"  38.32 

."  41.35 

"  44.39 

"  47.44 

"  50.43 

"  63.44 

"  56.43 

"  69.86^ 


TRUSTEE. 


101 


rairio.    His  trota 
I  to  this  date. 

coniic'ctod  as  it 
IVustee,  the  son  of 
jut  of  Emina,  by 
hi  Faimj  Pulleii, 
b.  It  was,  Iiow- 
lion  Course,  Luik' 

renown  as  a  trot- 
[ait  ,vhat  it  is  not, 

can  perforin  at  a 

tlie  hour,  in  har- 
>ct.  20,  the  course 

Mghing  145  lbs.  in 

00  to  40  on  time. 

It  the  liorse  broke, 

in  tlirougliout  the 

id  tenth  miles,  the 

ns  thought  that  he 

tlie  stand,  that  he 

playing.     On  the 

'.     On  the  17th,  a 

liitn  ;  on  the  18th, 

40  was  offered  on 

jrtine  let  the  horse 

lien  he  started,  do- 

i  in  2.51|. 

s'  stand,  by  three 

03  .  Aggregate,  32.39 


54  . 

(( 

36.33 

59  , 

(t 

88.32 

1)3  . 

n 

41.35 

)4  . 

If 

44.39 

J5  . 

14 

47.44 

59  . 

U 

60.43 

Jl  . 

u 

63.44 

59  . 

(1 

66.43 

Hi. 

(( 

69.36^ 

"  An  hour  after  the  match,"  says  the  editor  of  the  Spirit  of 
the  Times,  "we  virtited  Trustee  in  his  stable;  he  exhibited  no 
distre'ss,  and  on  the  following  day,  was  as  '  line  as  silk.'  We 
liavf  scon  him  half  a  dozen  times  since,  and  he  never  looked  or 
trotU'd  better.     lie  is  a  prodigy,  but  blood  will  tell." 

All  this  may  be  true.  It  is  clear  that,  in  this  case,  it  was 
true.*  Trustee  was  something  better  than  a  half-bred  horse — for 
his  mother,  Fanny  PuUen,  though  1  believe  her  pedigree  is  not 
ascertained,  showed  that  she  bad  more  than  an  ordinary  share 
of  blood — and  that  of  the  most  fashionable  modern  English 
lilood.  One  would  think,  therefore,  that  this  wonderful  per- 
formance, at  a  trot,  would  induce  some  persons,  who  arc  con- 
tinually howling  about  the  degeneracy  of  the  modern  English 
thoroughbred,  its  inability  to  stay  a  distance,  and  its  nselessness 
as  a  progenitor,  to  make  some  pause. 

Trustee  is  bred  precisely  as  are  half  the  hunters  in  England 
of  the  class  which  carry  heavy  w^eiglits,  and  do  stay  the  distance 
at  a  killing  pace ;  and  I  know  no  instance  which  better  cor- 
roborates what  I  am  fearless  to  enunciate,  that  if  the  best 
American  trotting  trainers  were  to  take  the  pick  of  the  best 
three  and  four  parts  thoroughbred  hunters,  out  of  the  best  Eng- 
lish stables,  and  take  tliem  in  hand,  they  would  make  them  the 
1)est  trottc'-s  in  the  world.  He  was — for  he  is  gone,  alas  I  where 
the  good  horses  go — also  the  lialf-brother  of  our  far-famed  Fash- 
ion, and  the  sharer  of  her  constancy  and  courage. 

I  will  not  say  that  it  is  not  well,  now  that  the  deed  is  done, 
and  that  the  gallant  animal  was  none  the  worse  for  it,  that  the 
physical  possibility  of  hoi-seflesh  performing  such  a  feat  ot 
endurance,  should  be  demonstrated. 

But  now  that  it  has  been  demonstrated,  and  that  there  can 
be  no  practical  utility  in  the  demonstration — for  we  can  no  more 
practically  employ  trotting-horses,  at  twenty  miles  within  the 
hour,  for  any  useful  end,  than  we  could  have  employed  the 
north-eastern  passage,  to  demonstrate  the  existence  of  which  so 
many  noble  lives  have  been  squandered — the  experiments  should 
cease,  or  should  summarily  be  put  to  an  end  by  legislation. 

What  one  horse  has  done,  doubtless  some  other  horse  can  bo 
found  to  do.  But  in  ascertaining  which  is  the  one  that  can, 
out  of  the  thousands  which  cannot,  more  than  they  can  fly,  w© 


See  Note  21,  p.  207. 


192 


THE    II0R8E. 


shall  only  waiiton-ly,  recklessly,  and  most  Lnitally  destroy  tlio 
best  of  the  race — for  it  is  only  the  best,  wliich  will  pcrsovere 
until  the>'  be  destroyed — using  their  own  highest  characteristics 
and  our  knowledge  of  them  to  accomplish  the  destruction.  Two 
other  cruel  iiuitelies  of  the  same  kind  were  nuide  in  tlie  same 
year,  but  not  with  the  like  success. 

A  black  gelding,  Ajax,  by  Abdallah,  was  next  matdied  to 
do  twenty  miles,  over  the  Centreville  Course,  against  a  bay  uiare, 
Marion,  in  the  expe  jtation  of  making  Trustee's  time.  The  mure 
BtO[)ped  midway,  and  was  distanced— what  is  a  distance,  by  the 
way,  in  a  twenty-mile  race  ?— and  the  horse  got  through  the 
distance  in  Ih.  7m.  STjs. 

Yet  later,  the  same  year,  November  18,  a  fine  dark  chestnut 
horse,  Woodpecker,  IG  hands  high  and  seven  years  old,  said  to 
be  half  brother  to  James  K.  Polk,  the  pacer,  was  backed  to  do 

the  same  match. 

lie  had  only  been  a  few  weeks  from  grass;  and  had  no 
advantage  of  training,  to  fit  him  for  such  a  life-and-death  trial. 

There  was  a  Idunder  in  the  starting  on  the  part  of  the  judges, 
who  did  not  give  the  word  when  his  rider  expected  it,  and 
allowed  him  to  go  on  two  miles,  imagining  that  he  was  at  work, 
before  he  was  stopped  and  called  back. 

Thus  he  had  to  go  in  fact  twenty-two  miles,  instead  of  twenty, 
at  a  winning  pace,  before  he  could  win  his  match. 

As  it  was,  he  did  his  nineteen  miles  in  57.43,  and  having  only 
2.17  in  which  to  accomplish  his  last  mile,  he  was  stopped  by  the 
order  of  his  owner.  Every  one  judged  that,  but  for  the  judges- 
fault,  he  would  have  won.  At  all  events  I  rejoice,  with  exceed- 
ing joy,  that  his  owner  lost;  and  hope  that  so  it  may  be  to  all 
owners,  for  ever,  who  so  mismatch  the  noblest  and  most  gener- 
ous of  animals. 

The  year  1849  is  remarkable  as  being  that  of  Lady  Suffolk's 
greatest  glory,  embracing  her  contests  with  Mac,  who  was  com- 
ing up  rapidly  in  the  scale,  and  Pelhara,  who  rose  first  into 
high  notice  this  year ;  and  of  good  work  on  the  part  of  Lady 
Moscow,  who  also  battled  it  stoutly  with  Mac  and  Jack  Kossiter, 
the  latter  of  whom  was  on  the  descending  scale,  as  was  also 
Lady  Sutton,  as  ii.  comparison  with  her  former  performances. 
The  old  gray  mare  performed  this  year  nineteen  times,  and 


I 


LADY  8CFF0I-K. 


193 


•utally  destroy  the 
ich  will  porscvere 
licst  clmractcri,itie<5 
!  destruction.  Two 
iimde  in  the  same 

next  matched  to 
against  a  bay  inare, 
's  time.    The  mare 

a  distance,  by  the 
se  got  tlirougli  the 

I  fine  dark  chestnut 
1  years  old,  said  to 
was  backed  to  do 

?ras8,   and  had  no 
fe-and-dcath  trial, 
e  part  of  the  judges, 
expected  it,  and 
hat  be  was  at  work, 

IS,  instead  of  twenty, 

natch. 

.43,  and  having  only 

!  was  stopped  by  the 
but  for  the  judges' 

•ejoice,  with  exceed- 
so  it  may  be  to  all 

est  and  most  gener- 

at  of  Lady  Suffolk's 
Mac,  who  was  com- 
who  rose  first  into 
3n  the  part  of  Lady 
c  and  Jack  Kossiter, 
;  scale,  as  was  also 
ler  performances, 
nineteen  times,  and 


cnnic  oufr  conqueror,  twelve ;  beating  Grey  Eagle  and  Mac  twice, 
ri'lham,  five  times ;  Lady  Sutton,  twice ;  Trustee,  four  times. 
Black  lliiwk,  Grey  Trouble,  Ploughboy  and  others. 

OiK'  of  her  greatest  performances,  which  I  hud  tlie  pleasure 
ot'  seeing,  evincing  the  wonderful  endurance  and  pluck  of  this 
admirable  animal,  though  it  did  not  bring  out  her  fastest  time, 
was  licr  trot  over  the  (yentreville  Course  against  Telham  and 
Lady  Sutton,  mile  heats  in  harness,  the  best  three  in  live.  I 
liave  never,  in  my  life,  seen  so  closely  or  severely  contested  a 
«tru""le,  lasting  till  seven  heats  had  been  completed,  and  till  it 
was  so  dark  that  the  judges  could  not  see  the  gray  mare  at  six 
IcMigilis'  distance. 

It  was  as  follows,  the  sixth  heat  marked  thus  (*)  being  de- 
fliuvd  void  by  the  judges,  both  sides  complaining  of  foul  driving 
nil  the  part  of  the  other,  and  it  being  already  so  dark  that  none 
could  ascertain  which  of  the  drivers  was  in  the  wrong.  What 
was  evident  to  all  is,  that  Iliram  and  JBryan  amused  themselves 
by  horsewhipping  one  another,  from  the  distance  home ;  that 
llirani  had  one  of  his  spokes  smashed,  and  David  Bryan  his  face 
rendered  less  beautiful  than  its  wont. 


*  1 
«   2 


Or.  m.  Lady  Suffolk,   .  .  .  .112    2    0 

Br.  m.  Lbdy  Sntton,  .  ,  .  2    3    110 

11.  g.  I'elbsm,  ,  .  .  .88    dist 

TImr,2.29i;  2.81;  2.80;  2.SU;  2.32;  2.31;  2.33. 

Making  the  aggregate  time  of  the  seven  miles,  17.43,  which 
must  be  considered  extraordinary,  when  we  reflect  that  the  best 
four  miles  ever  made  was  Dutchman's  10.51,  under  the  saddle, 
which  would  leave  only  6.52  for  the  three  remaining  miles,  or 
2.17i  for  each  ;  time  which  it  is  needless  to  say  never  has  been, 
and  probably  never  will  be  made  by  a  trotter. 

A  few  days  before  this  feat  Lady  Suffolk  did  five  one-mile 
heats,  winning  the  firet,  second  and  fifth,  against  Pelham  and 
Jack  Kossiter,  in  2.32  ;  2.32^  ;  2.28  ;  2.29| ;  2.34.  The  aggre- 
gate time  of  the  five  miles  being  12.36,  leaving  5.07  or  2.33^  for 
each  for  the  last  two  miles.  The  former  is,  of  course,  the  ^^reater 
performance. 

Allowance,  on  the  other  hand,  must  be  made  for  Dutchman's 
having  performed  his  four  miles  consecutively,  inst^^d  of  at 
intervals,  which  of  course  makes  a  difference  in  favor  of  time. 
Vol.  XL— 13 


194 


THE   II0K8E. 


A.nicricus'  best  consecutive;  five  miles  mndo  iu  1S40,  two  lioatrt, 
iigiiiiist  Lady  Siiftolk,  i.-*  13,58— 13.58^,  ajraiijst  12.30,  as  above. 
AVluilebone,  uiul  Sweotbrier,  in  1830,  did  (5  miles  mi  18.52. 

Tlic  "Tiiy  inure  wiis  beaten  tins  season,  seven  tini'js — by  Grey 
Eagle,  mile  heats,  in  bad  time;  Lady  Moscow,  mile  ]h\,\^; 
Lady  Sutton,  two-mile  beats;  and  four  times  by  Mae,  wlio  on 
the  whole  had  the  ndvantaf,'e  of  her,  beating  her  time  at  bir.glc 
miles,  though  he  did  not  aiiproaeli  her  former  time,  by  sevenil 
seconds,  at  longer  distance. 

Mae,  on  the  whole,  went  extremely  well  this  year,  winning 
eight  times,  against  such  nags  as  Lady  Moscow,  twice;  Laily 
Sult'olk,  four  times  ;  Jack  Kossiter,  twice  ;  Moscow,  ( Ji-ey  Kaglc 
and  Zachary  Taylor,  lie  made  his  mile  once  in  2.2G,  and  his  two 
miles  ino.Oi),  5.10;  thelatter  time  twice  consecutively;  although 
not  in  the  same  race,  when  he  did  the  faster  rate. 

This  year  is  enough  to  prove  him,  what  he  was,  a  first-rato 
aninud  for  his  day,  which,  however,  was  a  far  briefer  one  than 
that  of  his  great  contemporaries.  He  was  beat  thrice  only  by 
the  two  Latlics,  Suffolk  and  Sutton,  and  that  in  far  worse  time 
than  he  made  at  tther  times. 

Lady  Moscow  did  bravely,  winning  six  times ;  from  Lady 

Suffolk,  once ;  Mac,  onco ;  Lady  Sutton,  Pelham  and  Moscow, 

who  had  had  his  day  and  was  nearly  done,  each  once ;  and  Jack 

Eossiter,who  did  not  shine  this  season,  four  times.  ' 

Lady  Sutton  won  but  once,  but  then  beat  Pelham  and  tlio 

Gray  Lady. 

Trustee  and  Trouble  both  did  honest  duty,  but  not  at  extra- 
ordinary time,  the  forte  of  the  former  being  his  wonderful  power 
of  holding,  for  a  length  of  time,  a  high  rate  of  speed,  not  for  run- 
ning away  with  a  single  mile. 

A  Canadian  mare  Fly,  the  property  of  Andrew  Elliott,  Esq., 
is  said,  in  the  columns  of  the  Montreal  Transcript,  "  to  have' 
been  driven  on  Saturday,  February  27,  from  Cornwall  to  Mon- 
treal, a  distance  of  ninety  miles,  in  eight  hours  and  fifteen 
minutes,  including  two  hours'  stoppages,  which,  if  deducted  from 
the  time,  will  show  an  average  rate  of  truvelling  of  fully  four- 
teen miles  an  hour,  a  feat  wholly  unprecedented  in  the  annals  of 
Canadian  travelling.  The  gentleman,  who  drove  this  wonderful 
creature,  left  Cornwall  at  20  minutes  to  7  p.  m.,  and  telegraphed 


1 


IirNDUED   MILK   TUOTP. 


103 


,  ISW,  two  lieats, 
i  12.30,  as  above. 
c>s  in  18.52. 
<i  times — hy  fJrcy 
cow,  milo  li('at> ; 
bv  Mac,  wbd  oil 
bor  tiiiu!  at  feii'.,:.^lc 
r  time,  by  sovcnil 

}m  vear,  Aviiinin«' 
20W,  twice ;  Liuly 
Dscow,  Gi-oy  Y.i\ix\{i 
u  2.20,  iuul  his  two 
[jntively;  altboii<ili 
ate. 

be  waw,  a  first-rato 
iir  brictur  one  tliaii 
)eat  thrice  only  by 
:  in  far  worse  time 

times ;  from  Lady 
Iham  and  Moscow, 
ich  once ;  and  Jack 
;imes.  ' 

at  Felbam  and  the 

y,  but  not  at  extra- 
lis  wonderful  power 
f  speed,  not  for  run- 

ndrew  Elliott,  Esq., 
ranscript,  "  to  have' 
1  Cornwall  to  Movi- 
t  hours  and  fifteen 
:cb,  if  deducted  from 
■elling  of  fully  foitr- 
ited  in  the  annals  of 
irove  this  wonderful 
,  M,,  and  telegraphed 


his  arriv'.l  in  Montreal  at  5  minutes  before  3  a.  m.  Ko  says,  that 
with  the  same  roads,  Fly  could  have  i)erformc'(l  witli  ease  tbo 
Kime  j(.urney,  in  the  same  time,  on  the  following'  day." 

If"t:,c  facts  can  be  jmivod  and  authenticated,  as  to  the  two 
hours'  stoppage  more  esi)ecially,  the  Transcript  nuiy  well  say  it 
was  unprece.lented  in  the  annals  of  Canadian  travel ;  for,  assum- 
i„,.  tlie  time  and  distance  to  bo  correct  as  stated,  it  beats  all 
time  ever  njade  out  of  sight,  whether  on  tbo  trotting  course  or 

elsewhere. 

Fanny  Jenks  made  ber  hundred  miles,  stoppages  excluded, 
in  nine  hours  twenty  minutes  and  seven  seconds.  Including 
stoppages,  in  nine  hours,  tbirty-eigbt  minutes,  thirty-four  sec. 


Her  total  trotUng  time  -f  100  miles, 
Deduct  her  last  ttn  miles    . 


ft)'",  min,  see, 
9  20  OT 
1      20       0 

8       0      07 


And  we  have  fur  the  time  of  her  90  miles, 

Fanny  Murray  trotting  a  hundred  miles  against  Ariel  and 
Stager,  sulkies  catch  weight— I  presume  witliout  stoppages,  as 
Mon*  are  recorded— did  the  hundred  miles  in  nine  hours  forty- 
one  minutes,  twenty-six  seconds. 


Her  total  trotting  tirao  of  100  miles, 

Deduct  time  of  her  last  ten  miles— say— Ih.  41m. 


hr>.  min.  tec. 
9  41  26 
1      41      00 


And  wo  heave  the  time  of  her  ninety  miles,         .  .       8       0     28 

Now  the  Canadian  mare  is  alleged  to  have  done  her  ninety 
iniles,  including  stoi)page9,  in  eight  hours  fifteen  minutes,  and  to 
liave  stopped  two  hours. 


Therefore  her  trotting  time  of  90  miles,  was 

At  the  rate  of  10  miles  per  hour,  add  last  ten  miles, 


hrt.  min. 
a  16 
1         0 

T       15 


And  we  have  her  time  of  100  miles. 

Thereby  beating  Fanny  Jenks'  time  by  2h.  lOra.  OT.,  and  Fanny 
Murray's  time  by  2h.  26m.  268. 

Even  supposing  her  to  have  stopped  but  one  hour  instead  of 
two,  she  would  have  beaten  Fanny  Jenks  Ih.  10m.  07e.,  and 
Fanny  Murray  by  lb.  26m.  26s. ;  and  supposing  she  had  not 
stopped  at  all,  and  that  the  whole  8h.  15m.  were  trotting  time, 
and  that  she  could  have  done  her  last  ten  miles  in  ten  minutes' 
worse  time  than  the  others--a  much  greater  falling  off  than  the 
other  mares  show,  neither  of  which  ever  went  at  the  rate  of 


S^l'i.  \JUd»'fj^»^ 


196 


THE   HORSE. 


eleven  miles  instead  of  tonrtccn,  in  any  one  hour  -she  would 
have  ht'iitcn  them  botli,  Fanny  Jenkti  by  live  minutes  u  id  Fanny 
Murray  by  twenty-six  minutes. 

One  would  mueh  like  to  know  whether  there  was  any  he^  on 
this  perfonnanee,  and  on  the  particulars,  and  whether  money 
cltn'M'fd  ha  ids  on  it.  For  it' not,  I  should  conclude  thai  the  two 
lioiirs'  stoppage  were  calculated,  by  some  unknown  process  ot'  re- 
tardation. Since  it  is  not  conceivable,  that  on  a  hilly  road,  in  a 
sleigh  and  on  snow,  which  are  ascertained  impediments  to  rate 
of  going,  this  mare  could  have  beaten  time,  k»  marvellously  be- 
yond all  riK'ord,  as  by  two  full  hours  in  ton,  or  left  two  such  nuires 
as  Fanny  Jenks  and  Fanny  Murray,  at  whose  performance  the 
■world  is  still  wondering,  such  a  marvellous  distance  as  twenty 
miles  in  a  hundred,  travelling  ftmrteen  miles  to  their  ten. 

I  iind  the  performance  recorded  in  the  Turf  Register  ot  the 
year,  and  therefore  give  it  ])lace  here,  though  que-Uoning  greatly 
its  correctness.  In  Inct,  I  am  of  opinion  that  a  Sporting  iiovicw 
should  follow  the  phui  adopted  by  "  Bell's  Life  in  London,"  of 
never  recording  any  sporting  performance,  uidess  proper  proof 
is  adduced  that  the  performance  was  admitted,  by  the  pavmont 
of  a  bet  by  the  losers,  who  are  presumed  not  to  pay  o^t  'lieii 
money  withont  being  satisfied  that  they  have  lost  it.  IlundrevU 
of  feats  of  walking,  shooting  and  riding  are  daily  recorded  in 
American  journals,  which  never  had  any  txist'mce  except  in  the 
imagimUions  of  their  vaunted  performers. 

And  what  is  worse,  pedigrees  of  horses  are  published,  such 
as  those  of  Flora  Temple,  and  of  ilemble  Jackson,  in  Porter's 
Spirit  of  the  Times,  in  which  there  is  scarcely  a  word  of  truth  or 
even  of  verisimilit'^'dc.     Fortunately,  they  are  so  ludicrously  in- 
correct and  stupid,  that  they  can  do  little  harm,  and  deceive  no 
one,  who  knows  wdiat  a  pedigree  is.     One  only  wonders  how 
they  should  have  escaped  the  watchful  eye  of  the  experienccf' 
editor.     Tnrf  registers,  however,  and  stud  books,  have  no  rig,'  ; 
to  publish  pedigrees  on  owner's  or  other  interested  person's  ipse 
dixit.    They  are  bound  either  to  require  evidence,  widely  difler- 
ent  from  affidavit,  of  recollection  by  the  oldest  inhabitant,  or  to 
verify  the  pedigrees  produced,  by  examination  of  the  authentic 
books,  and  so  to  publish  none  which  cannot  show  the  stamp. 
Had  Edgar  followed  this  plan,  the  number  of  his  imported 


I 


lioiir  -she  would 
|ii>iito8  1.  1(1  Faiiiiv 

I  " 

ro  was  any  W:  ,,11 
wlic'thor  money 

^•liKletlial  the  two 

5wn  process  ut'rc- 

IV  liilly  rouii,  in  a 

jx-Hlinicnts  to  rate 

J>  inarvfllously  be- 

t't  two  such  mares 
performance  tin; 

istaiice  as  twenty 

tlieir  ten. 
irf  Kegisterof  the 

ue'-Uoningfi;reatly 
1  Sporting  Keviow 
'it'o  in  London,"  ot' 
nless  proper  proof 
%  by  the  payni-nt 

to  pay  ovt   -licii 
lost  it,    Ilnndrcvls 

daily  recorded  in 
/^nce  except  in  tlie 

re  publislied,  snch 
ckson,  in  Porter's 
a  word  of  truth  or 
!  so  ludicronsly  in- 
n,  and  deceive  no 
)nly  wonders  how 
f  the  experieucer' 
oks,  have  no  vi^^'  ; 
jsted  person's  i'j.>se 
nco,  widely  difl'er- 
t  inhabitant,  or  to 
1  of  the  authentic 
low  the  stamp. 
r  of  his  imported 


tilANC.INO    NAMK8. 


197 


Btalliotis  would  have;  been  reduced  to  one-half,  and  two-thirds  of 
the  most  wondi'rful  lineages  sadly  besmirched  ;  but,  as  a  work 
on  which  to  place  reliance,  it  would  have  gained  far  more  than 
it  would  have  lost  in  size. 

riiblislk'd  by  subscription,  I  presume  lie  was  quasi  com- 
])('lii'il  to  insert  such  pedigrees  as  his  subseriliers  chose  to  t'oist 
ii[M»n  him,  under  their  own,  or  their  great  grandf.ilhers'  alleged, 
f-igiiatiires — otherwise  I  cannot  conceive  the  admission  of  the 
Mtrry  I'intles  by  (Jld  Merry  I'intle,  and  the  Hulle  Koeks, going 
in  four  crosses  to  pure  Harbor  Arab  on  both  sides,  ami  of  a  hun- 
dred oih  •  horses  or  mare^,  of  wliom,  of  their  sires  or  their  dams 
there  is  not  a  trace — or,  if  a  trace  of  their  })arent8,  such  only  as 
])n>ves  distinctly  that  they  never  had  such  issu* 

The  year  1850  was  renuirkablo  for  a  great  addition  to  the 
number  of  trotting  courses,  esi»eeially  in  the  eastern,  and  west- 
ern States,  and  in  Camida,  and  to  the  general  favor  of  this  manly 
and  useful  4)ort. 

A  good  nuiny  new  horses  showed  as  good  numerical  winners, 
but  none  to  contest  the  laurels  with  the  old  established  cracks  ; 
and  this  year  commenced  a  practice  most  absurd,  useless  and 
inconvenient,  especially  when,  as  is  the  case  in  this  instance,  it 
occurs  with  regard  to  horses  of  established  reputation — that,  I 
mean,  of  changing  the  names  of  trotters,  breeding  inextricable 
confusion,  and  giving  ample  range  for  rascality,  in  getting  bets 
from  persons  not  ac([nainted  with  the  appearance  of  the  horses. 

T'"-!.  tricks  ought  to  be  at  once  put  down  by  jockey  clubs 
and  associations,  and  all  horses  having  established  names  or.ght 
to  be  declared  distanced,  if  winners,  in  case  of  their  starting 
under  any  new  names. 

One  can  scarcely  conceive  any  end,  but  fraud,  in  changing 
the  names  of  snch  horses  as  Pelham  and  Jack  Rossiter  to 
Charley  Abel  and  Ike  Carnley.  It  looks  anmzingly  like  a 
scheme  for  getting  odds,  out  of  the  groen  ones,  against  horses, 
on  which  tliey  would  have  bet,  under  their  own  proper  appel- 
lations. 

In  this  instance,  for  whatever  reason  tried,  the  cock  would 
not  tight;  for  people  woidd  not  call  the  horses  by  their  new 
lilies,  and  they  had  to  return  to  the  old  ones.  Still,  in  the  Turf 
Ilegistcr  of  the  year  1850,  both  horses  stand  recorded  tmder  both 


•mm'.yiM'u-i^imimi'. 


198 


TIIK    IIORSK. 


niunos,  p-^rt  of  tlioir  j)orformanc(>»  under  ono  iiamo,  part  iindor 
the     '  Jan  any  ono  roiici'ivi!  Hiich  nibliishi 

'.  L.  /ory  year  in  which  I  write,  a  very  j^ood  flecond-riito 
horso,  who  had  the  luck  sonic  years  bincc  to  hi,  luuued  after  v\y 
liunible  B'jlt',  "  Frank  I'orertter,"  when  he  iirst  canio  (iut,iii  Is.-.n 
at  Baltimore,  has  fiiis  year  heconio  ashamed  ol'  his  paternity,  and 
aH.sumed  tiie  more  jiatrieian  and  sonorous  denomination  of  '*ll<i> 
Cook."  Of  llie,  tlie  f,'odfather  of  the  horse,  I  have  not  the 
honor  to  ho  cof^ni/.aiit,  nor  (h>  I  doubt  lun  Kuperior  chiims,  other- 
wise, to  my  own;  l)Ut,  unless  on  the  oltl  theory  of  the  rose  by  any 
other  luime,  1  confess  that  it  ai»j>ears  to  mo  the  "Frank"  has  an 
honestcr  sound  than  "Ike,"  and  that  the  "Forester"  has  nioic 
to  do  with  iielil  sjxirts  than  the  "  Cook." 

Jiut  to  leave  badinage,  the  practice  is  an  abominable  one; 
and  if  not  meant  to  be  dishonest,  it  largely  facilitates  dishonesty— 
as  in  the  case,  where  Fanny  Jenks  was  onunously  rechristeiied 
"  Pi'i-eon,"  not  witliout  a  cause — and  at  all  events  produces  em 
barrassment  and  misunderstantlinj;. 

Lady  Sutton  did  not  ap|)ear  this  year,  being  withdrawn  from 
the  turf  after  a  brief  but  brilliant  career. 

The  struggle  tor  suprenuicy  lay  between  the  two  mares. 
Lady  Suffolk  and  Lady  Moscow,  and  a  gallant  and  protracted 
Htru'^'de  it  was,  varied  by  an  occasioiuil  outside  dash  at  Jack 
llossiter,  who  luid  his  own  particular  contest  with  Pelhain  and 
St.  Lawrence,  the  latter  of  wliom  gave  him  enough  to  do. 

Lady  Suffolk,  for  to  her,  as  of  right,  I  give  the  precedence, 
was  eleven  times  a  winner,  beating  Lady  Moscow  six  times,  at 
one,  two  and  three  unles  ;  Jack  llossiter,  thrice ;  Hector,  once, 
and  once  her  old  adversary,  James  K.  Polk,  in  harness,  against 
his  wagon.  She  was  beaten,  in  her  turn,  four  times  by  Lady 
Moscow,  at  two  and  three  uules ;  and  twice,  at  two  miles,  by 
Jack  Kossiter,  conung  off  victorious  from  both,  in  each  match 
of  three  events. 

Lady  Moscow,  also,  won  eleven  times,  beating  Suffolk  four 
times.  Jack  Rossiter  thrice,  Pelham  once,  Zachary  Taylor  and 
Captain  Walker,  once  each,  and  receiving  forfeit  from  the  latter 
and  from  Captain  Davis,  at  Baltimore.  She  lost  seven  times ; 
six  times  to  Lady  Sufl\)lk,  and  once  to  Jack  Rossiter. 

Neither  of  these  mares  made  ipiito  the   time  that  they  had 


IIPNI»KKI>   Mir.i;   TUOTd. 


199 


liiiiic,  part  iiiidcr 
U 

p")(l  KfcoiKJ-rato 

imtiii'd  aftor  ny 

ti'iio  out,  in  ls:>u, 

jiis  paternity,  and 
iiiiiation  of  ^>  \\^^ 

I   liiivo  not  tlio 

[ior  cliiiniB,  otlior- 

[t  tlic  roso  by  any 

"  Kriiiik  "  has  aii 

*'.-^lor  "  lias  nioro 

iilioiiiinalilo  one: 

iitcs  (li.sliono.sty 

iiHly  roc'lirislfMcil 
■ntri  prudiices  oiii 

witlidra\yn  from 

the  two  niarps, 
It  and  protracted 
ido  dawh  at  Jack 
witli  IV'lliani  and 
•ugh  to  do. 
J  the  precedence, 
cow  Kix  times,  at 
e ;  Hector,  once, 
harness,  against 
ir  times  by  Lady 
at  two  miles,  by 
li,  in  each  match 

ting  Snffblk  four 

liary  Taylor  and 

it  from  the  latter 

:)8t  seven  times; 

isiter. 

le  that  they  liad 


themselves  <l'>n(>  licfore,  but  they  bent  every  thing  they  met 
except  one  anuther,  and  htoud  deservedly,  lirst  and  second  ot 


ano 


thcr  good  vi'iir. 


<  IJossiter  also  well    regained   whatever  he  inid   lost  of 
credit  in  the  last  year,  contending  gallantly  with  the  mares  who 
wcrt^  evidently  his  superiors,  and  running  well  with  his  eipials. 
He   won,   on  the   whole,   ten   tinn-s,   beating    l-iuly    Sutlnlk 


twice 


AU 


\y  M 


oscow,  once 


St.    J 


awrenee,    twice; 


Tell 


lam 


twice;  (irey  Kaglo  twice,  and  Telegraph  once. 

He  made  the  best  two-mile  time  of  thi!  year  at  Saratoga, 
where  lie  distanced  Lady  Moscow  in  ^>A)l\. 

lie  was  beaten  twelve  times  ;  four  times  by  St.  Lawrence, 
three  limes  by  I^ady  Suffolk,  three  by  Lady  Moscow,  and  once 
by  IVlliam. 

Still  he  gained  rather  than  lost  credit,  for  he  was  beaten  by 
none  but  known  good  ones,  and  had  his  turn  at  each  of  them, 
and  the  best  of  I'elham. 

St.  Lawrence,  Lady  "Washington,  Lady  Bevins,  Mendham 
iMaid,  Honest  John,  Jamea  K.  I'tdk,  Fanny  and  (!ontidence,  all 
made  good  and  creditable  trotting,  and  were  all  si.K  times  or 
more  victors. 

Tliere  were  two  ten-mile  trots  this  season.  Hard  Times 
against   Leopidd,   in    2501b,    wagons,    won  by    the    former  in 

And  Lady  Agnes  against  Bucksk  in  sulkies,  won  by  the 
former,  in  33.17. 

Another  hundred-mile  trot  came  otf  this  year,  on  the  part  of 
Mr.  John  F.  I'urdy,  a  gentleman  of  fortnne,  to  drive  his  little 
road-marc  Kate,  himself,  that  distance  within  ten  hours. 

My  opinion  of  the  character  of  these  matches  has  been  given, 
and  I  cannot  recall  it ;  still  it  is  right  to  say,  that,  having  the 
jilcasiire  to  know  Mr.  Purdy  well,  and  to  know  him  to  be  both 
a  judge  of  a  horse's  pace  and  a  thoroughly  kind-hearted  man,  I 
know  that  tlir,  j.iaro  ran  no  danger  of  being  distressed  beyond 
what  is  necessuiy  to  the  accomplishment  of  such  a  task, with 
what  is  called  j^erfect  ease. 

That  she  received  every  aid  that  attention,  tenderness  and 
experience  could  bestow,  was  inevitable ;  and  that  she  would 
have  been  pulled  up  and  withdrawn  the  instant  she  showed  a 


200 


TIIK    iloUHK, 


Bvniptom  of  hnnpinj;  on  tlip  bif  or  fuUorln};.  Iiiul  tlicro  licon  tor. 
tiiiH'H  tilt'  imiouiit  htiiki'd  to  Ik-  Kmt,  ovt-ry  oiu!  Im  iiKHiirfil.wlio 
kiioWH  Mr.  I'linly. 

Mr.  Tunly  drovi-  liimHt'lf  tlio  whole  (liHtniicc,  with  i*kill, 
jtidgtiHMit  nnd  cooliuw  that  antoiiinhiMl  and  chariiifd  tin*  hent 
trottiii"  (h-ivcTH  and  ohIcKt  tiufiucii  |»n'sciit.  lie  Uh^cd  a  little 
Hidky  made  hy  (Jodwii,,  Wfij,'liiii^'  oidy  4»!  Ilis,  with  tlif  li|Lrllt^•^t 
poHwildo  hariicsB,  himhclt'  wcijfhiiif,'  I.'VJiUm.  The  little  nmrc 
was  lOyi'ai-H  old,  14  haiidrt  hijjh,  and  nndcr  T<»(l  Ihs.  wci^jlit.  Shf 
JKHaid  to  1)0  lUMU-ly  a  thoroU}.dil»rcd,  and  nearly  jn'i-tt'ct  also,  Ixitli 
in  hhaiic,  j^'ait  and  action. 

It  wan  oltrtorvod,  Btmnge  ns  it  tiuiy  appear,  that  bIio  (li<l  not. 
divt'rj;(^  in  jroinj?  the  wholo  distance,  round  tho  ("eiitivvillo 
track,  wix  inches  from  the  track  she  made  on  the  first  time  roiiiiil. 

She  wart  taken  out  of  harness  at  the  end  of  the  lit'tielh  mile, 
and  was  cared  for,  losiuj;  twonty-ono  minutes,  hesldoii  other 
Hnialler  stops. 

Bho  won  tho  match,  all  stops  included,  in  l)h.  49ni.  4«. 


TIME, 


Tint  mile 
Flmt  ten  mllos    . 
Hi'i'ui'.il  t>^n  iiillca 
First  twfiily-llvcmllpa 
Third  ten  nilli'S 
Fourth  tell  iiilli'D 
Fifth  ten  iiiUos 


*»•#.  min.  «(■«. 

.      0  n  K) 

0  BT  01 

.      0  riO  6«J 

<2  n  0 

0  M  () 

0  fiT  0 

.      0  CO  0 


Fifty  rnllon 
Clxth  ten  miles  . 
Sinintli  ti'ii  uilli'8 
SfVinty-flvd  iiillcs 
];l|thth  ton  iiilU'B 
Ninth  ten  miles  . 
Tenth  ten  inlloi 


hfi.  mln.  MS. 

,      4  41  0 

0  .W  0 
,      0  M  0 

7  14  0 

.      1  0  0 

1  10  0 
.      1  f  0 


Making  the  100  miles  in  Oh.  4l>m.  fs. 

I  copy  this  talile  from  the  Turf  Register  of  1S50— the  rather 
th.'t  it  claims  this  to  he  a  greater  trot  than  that  of  Fanny  .leaks, 
lea.  mot  conceive  why,  for  hov  time  was  hotter  ;  and  if  Fanny 
Jcnks  wore  driven  hy  two  little  hoys  under  75  lbs.,  I  should  judge 
that  the  exiierienco  and  fine  driving  of  Mr.  Turdy  fully  comiu'ii- 
Bated  tho  extra  weight,  if  that  even  were  not  overcome  by  tlio 
lightness  of  Mr.  Purdy's  vehicle. 

But  the  table  itself  is  a  strange  one,  and  cannot  be  directly 
eumined  up  nor  very  easily  understood. 

To  cast  it  up,  one  must  first  strike  out  the  time  of  the  first 
mile,  then  of  the  first  tM'onty-five  miles,  then  of  the  fifty  mileu, 
then  of  the  seventy  miles,  and  then  these  being  divided,  proceed 
as  ■with  a  common  sum  of  addition. 


tmrnm 


KRROK    IN    TIMINO, 


m 


tliorp  liooi,  t,,r^ 
irt  H(*Hiiri'(I,\vli(> 

'■''.  with  Hkill, 
liniicil  tin.  hcKt 
I'lc  iiM'.l  a  liffi,, 
■illi  the  li^'lifcst 
fl'lu*  litrlc  iiinrc 
lilts.  Wci;;lit.  She 
J'tTt'cctalsH,  l„.tli 

tllllt    RJIO  dill  ru.> 

tlio   (Vntroviile 

first  time  riuiiid. 

tlic  tit'ticth  mile, 

l)t'si(ltM  otiior 

.  4!)m.  J9. 


An.  min.  $4t, 

.     4  41  0 

0  M  0 
.      0  M  0 

7  U  0 

■      1  0  (I 

1  10  0 
.      1  f  0 


ISr^O—tlio  ratlier 
of  Fanny  Jt'iiks. 
I* ;  and  if  Fanny 
i.,  I  should  juclj,'o 
ly  fully  conijK'u- 
)vorconio  by  tlio 

nnot  hfc  directly 

time  of  the  first 
f  the  fifty  inilcis, 
divided,  proceed 


Tl'.ifl  (loiio,  tho  HUiii  total  of  tlifl  tell  iiiiloA  doca  not  luiioiint 
to  !>li.  41>tii.  Jh.,  hilt  tn  !>li.  liliii.  Nor  \n  thcri'  tlu;  hlij^htfst  duo 
pvt'ii  to  iiHccrtain  whiit  lian  li(>conu>  of  the  21  iiiiiiutcH  said  to  ho 
loHt  wlicti  hIk>  wuh  taken  out  of  harniMrt  at  the  end  of  tlu<  tiftietli 
mile,  or  of  tho  other  utojm  of  loHHcr  inoiuont. 

The  latter,  it  in  true,  nii^i^ht  he  anial;;aniated  in  the  \vholo 
tini"  of  the  ten  niileH,  hut  not  ho,  |>oHsihly,  the  twenty-omi  iMinutes 
in  the  linu^  of  the  tit'th  ten  iiiihs,  which  ar(>  Het  down  an  tlono 
in  M  minutes  from  wliich,  dedu(ttinj;  twenty-one  niinuten,  ono 
will  have  thirty-live'  iiiinuteH  an  the  travellini;  time  of  tt'U  niilon, 
after  iloin^jj  I'orty  miles  in  rteventiien  minut»'s  under  four  hoiirrt. 

The  match  was  un(|UeHtionahIy  done  ami  won,  for  the  het* 
were  lost  aiul  paid,  and  the  jiidgeH  were  hoi)orahh>  men;  hut 
how  it  was  done,  or  exactly  in  what  time  of  actual  troftin;;  and 
what  of  stoppa<:;e,  the  alxtve  tiihh'  certainly  does  not  show.  I 
(lid  not  discover  tlu!  defect  till  1  had  trauHcrihi-d  it  and  hei^nn 
to  verify  it.  llavinj;  dono  so,  I  do  not  withdraw  it;  hecauso 
the  Hpecimcn  of  tho  htoso  way  in  which  mutters  of  this  sort 
are  done  in  (puirters  where  oiK!  would  least  expect  it,  leails 
him  to  spare  his  womler  lit  tho  way  tho  myths  of  (.'hildors, 
KclipHO,  atid  tho  worthies  of  old,  aroBO,  when  Btoj*  watches 
scarcely  were,  and  horses  ran  four  miles  straight  uway  frouj 
the  starting  (■>  the  winning  post  in  u  right  line. 

They  might  ho  timed  now  hy  electric  telogra])!!,  hut  not  oven 
now  otherwise. 

The  same  is  the  eausc  of  tho  prodigious  fallacy  in  Tih  Uin- 
nuui's  time  at  Ogdensburgli,  and  in  Lady  Kate's  time  at  Chicago 
— ixilh  Yxnw  mi/thti !  lioth  matches  were  done  on  a  straight 
platie  ;  one  nuin  could  not  time  tho  titart  and  tho  finish  uidess 
hy  telegraidi.  So  tho  starting  judge  guessed  when  they  got 
home,  and  the  placing  judge  guessed  when  they  started,  and, 
when  it  was  all  over,  the  two  judges  compared  notes  and  struck 
an  average.  Xo  fraud  was  intended,  nor  any  hoax  on  the  pub- 
lic ;  but  it  was  ono  noverthe'oss,  and  was  at  once  detected,  deceiv- 
ing no  one. 

It  is  impossible,  howover,  to  be  too  rigidly  correct  in  tho 
recording  of  such  details.  IIow  tho  errors  in  tho  above  table 
came,  could  probably,  now,  bo  easily  ascertained,  so  short  a 
time  has  elapsed.     But  had  a  century  flown  since  the  trot  was 


'sms^ii^ms.mmm^ii.iir.s^^i^mr 


202  THE   HOUSE. 

made,  and  did  sucli  a  tabic  accompany  the  only  record  remain- 
infr  of  it,  the  whole  story  would  be  set  aside  as  false,  on  tiie  in 
ternal  evidence  of  disagreement  with  itself. 

The  year  1851  was  marked  by  the  appearance  of  a  new 
horse  on  the  trotting  turf,  destined  sfterward  to  wear  the  green- 
est, and  all  but  the  .highest  of  its  laurels,  the  Maine  cliani- 
])ion  Tacony  ;  and  by  ihe  decline  of  an  old  favorite.  Lady  Mos- 
cow, who,  irorn  this  year,  fell  into  the  second  rank,  never  again 
to  rise  to  lier  former  glories. 

Even  on  the  indomitable  courage  and  steel-springed  frame  ot 
Lady  Sufiblk,  time  was  beginning  to  make  its  inroads;  and 
oven  her  admirers  were  forced  to  admit  that,  although  still  the 
Queen  of  the  track,  she  was  no  longer  quite  what  she  had  used 
to  be.  And  what  wonder,  when  one  considers  that  she  had  al- 
ready seen  her  eighteenth  birthday  ;  and  that  for  thirteen  years 
she  had  been  almost  constantly  in  training  and  at  work,  ready 
for  all  comers,  at  all  distances,  and  the  victress  in  almost  every 
city  of  the  Union,  where  trotting  is  an  institution,  over  the 
be.^t  that  dared  encounter  her. 

This  year  she  won  seven  times,  beating  Jack  Eossiter  twice ; 
St.  Lawrence  twice ;  O'Blenis  twice  ;  Cowdriver,  Lady  Pelhani, 
and  Lady  Jane,  once  each. 

But  "the  time  was  no  longer  Lady  Suffolk's;  such  as  she 
used  to  make  in  her  palmy  days  of  old,  as  she  never  got  below 
2.34,  for  a  single  mile,  although  she  beat  Lady  Jane  and  St. 
Lawrence  two-mile  heats,  at  .^.OS — 5.13. 

On  the  other  hand  she  was  beaten  five  times ;  thrice  by  Lady 
Jane;  once  by  Jack  Eossiter;  once  by  O'Blenis,  and  once  by 
the  pacer  Eoanoke.  Not  one  of  these  animals,  except,  per- 
haps, Lady  Jane,  could  have  come  near  her  in  her  best  time. 

Lady  Jane  trotted  a  good  and  honest  mare,  this  season,  win- 
ning four  times ;  thrice  of  Lady  Suffolk  ;  once  of  St.  Lawrence 
and'o'Blcnis.  She  was  beaten  twice  only,  by  the  Lady,  and 
the  horse  with  the  Celtic  title. 

Jack  Eossiter,  also,  held  his  own,  well  and  improvingly.  Ho 
was  a  winner  nine  times  against  all  the  best  horses  of  the  year, 
Lady  Suffolk,  Lady  Moscow,  Pelhara,  once  each ;  St.  Lawrence 
four  times ;  Grey  Vermont  twice ;  Zach.  Taylor,  War  Eagle, 
and  Tacony. 


SMM 


TACONY. 


203 


r  record  rcmnin- 
t'iilse,  oil  tlic  in 

ranee  of  a  now 
wear  tlic  <i;reon- 
e  Maine  cliam- 
:)rite,  Lady  Mos- 
mk,  never  again 

pringcd  frame  ot 
ts  inroads ;  and 
Itliongli  still  the 
lat  she  had  used 

that  yhe  had  al- 
br  thirteen  years 
1  at  work,  ready 

in  almost  every 
itntion,  over  the 

k  Rossiter  twice ; 
;r,  Lady  Pelhani, 

Ik's;  sneli  as  she 

never  got  below 

ady  Jane  and  St. 

s ;  thrice  by  Lady 
mis,  and  once  by 
lals,  except,  per- 
1  her  best  time. 
,  this  season,  win- 
3  of  St.  Lawrence 
)y  the  Lady,  and 

improvingly.  He 
lorscs  of  the  year, 
ch;  St.  Lawrence 
ylor,  "War  Eagle, 


He  was  beaten  four  times  only  ;  by  Lady  Snffolk  twice,  and 
twice  by  Grey  Vermont,  who  was  a  .ery  promising  and  nsnig 

^^'^T^lcony,  who  made  bis  debnt  this  year,  made  a  good  show 
for  a  vou.  g  one  ;  ho  beat  War  Eagle  twice  and  was  bea  c 
J:;,:  bVVjr  Eagle,  once  by  Mae,  and  once  by  a  horse  called 

•^''st^Lawrence,  Ebodc  Island,  Grey  Vermont,  and  several 
others,  kept  the  game  moving,  and  in  good  style  but  it  was  iu,t 
;U  in  all,  such  a  year  as  many  we  have  seen,  both  betore  and 
lice,  eitiier  for  speed  or  for  stoutness.    The  old  were  growing 
the  older,  and  their  successors  not  yet  coming  up  in  iorce. 

Ihav;  often  regretted  that  it  is  too  often  the  case  here,  that 

U,,.es  are  not  withdrawn  in  time.     Age  must  tell  on  every 

^ing,  unless  it  be  the  almost  eternal  adamant,  and  even  tlia 

an  be  ground  away  by  endless  attrition.     Much  more  mu  t  the 

;ower,Uie  agility,  the  capacity  to  endure,  ot  the  ammai  ma- 

'^Th;  best  horse  that  ever  stood  on  plates  must  be  beaten  in 
tl,e  end  even  bv  a  half-bred,  if  we  persist  in  matching  him  m 
the  dem'itude  of  extreme  old  age,  against  the  tibre  and  vigor 

''  T^I^H^  that  Boston  was  so  trashed  away ;  for  althougli 
he  lad  not  fair  play-since  a  horse,  taken  from  servnig  mares 
d  tm  the  relaxed  fibre  of  a  stud  sultan  to  enter  again  in  o 
rainin.^  and  that  against  the  ablest  rival  he  ever  met,  canno 
l;;  held,  if  beaten,  beaten  fairly-I  consider  him  tar  great_er_ 
•ifter  than  before,  his  defeat  by  Fashion. 

Butldosav,  that  the  way  in  which  Fashion  was  run  on 
vear  after  veai',  in  condition  or  out  of  condition-as  she  was, 
iriishe  was  beaten  by  the  gelding  ^^-^f"^^^^::;^ 
the  thin^  disgracefully  into  the  ground,  and  was  destioyinj, 
hlth^physiciueand  the  fame-perhaps  the  promise  ot  the 
procreny  afterward-of  as  good  a  mare  as  ever  run.  ^ 

'  When  she  had  beaten  Peytona  she  had  done  en-^l^,  -  ^ 
won  enough  of  glory  ;  and  should  have  been  allowed  to  .etue 
and  repo^3  upon  her  honors,  hardly  won  enough, a  ready.  ^ 

In  all  other  arenas,  there  is  a  term  for  contention  and  a  re- 
treat  for  veteran  victors. 


ii'i 


.m' 


» 


■ 


204 


TIIE   U0K8E. 


In  the  United  States,  it  would  seem,  that  for  the  noblest 
conqueror  on  the  turf,  there  is  no  end  but  to  be  beaten— beaten, 
not  by  Km  victor's  cnerfry,  but  by  his  own  decay.  I  honor  the 
pluck  of  the  owner  of  Eclipse,  who  dared  to  withdraw  Iimu 
from  the  course,  old,  but  unbeaten,  and  old  in  honor  ;  as  I  con- 
demn the  false  fear  of  those  who  persist  in  wcarin*;:  out  a  life- 
time of  exertion,  until  defeat  must  follow,  in  their  bravest 
horses,  from  the  poor  apprehension  of  being  called  afraid  ! 

I  have  always  thought,  and  still  think,  the  fate  of  Fasliinn, 
and  of  the  gallant,  glorious  gray.  Lady  Suffolk,  as  but  a  sadder 
and  more  cruel  version  of  the  tale  of  the  high-mettled  racer. 
Morally,- though  not  physically,  it  was  the  same. 
:^  AVith  the  year  1852,  there  commenced  what  I  wouM  call 
""the  Nev.'  Era  of  the  American  trotting  turf— the  heroes  and 
heroines  of  the  last  twenty  years  all  passed,  or  rapidly  passing 
away,  and  a  new  generation  rising  upon  the  stage,  in  whoso 
names  their  fame  is,  with  but  a  few  exceptions,  soon  to  be  for- 
gotten. 

Americus,  Awful,  Beppo,  Dutchman,  Lady  Moscow,  Lady 
Sutton,  Lady  Suffolk  herself,  have  departed  from  the  scene, 
which  they  had  so  long  adorned ;  or,  as  in  the  case  of  the  last 
named,  as  "  veterans  lag  superfluous  on  the  stage." 

The  good  old  inare,  now  in  her  nineteenth  year,  won  hut 
once,  and  that  only  of  a  second-rate,  though  a  good  second- 
rate,  Boston  Girl ;  iier  best  time  being  nine  seconds  behind  that 

of  her  prime. 

She  was  beaten  nine  times  •  by  Jack  Eossiter,  Lady  Brooks, 
Pet,  Tacony  thrice ;  twice  by  Zach.  Taylor,  and  once  by  Lady 
Jane.  And  what  proves  more,  in  all  the  lost  races  she  won  but 
two  heats,  one  against  Lady  Brooks,  and  one  against  Tacony. 
What,  perhaps,  more  than  any  thing  proves  the  indomitable 
courage,  andHnily  iron-endurance  of  this  matchless  mare,  is  the 
following  record  of  her  last  great  struggle  against  the  young 
hero  Tacony. 

Friday,  Sept.  24.-Pur8e  »300-*50  to  go  to  tho  second  test,  for  trotUrs,  mile  heats,  beet  three 
In  Ave,  wagons.  10    8    2    2    11 

W.  Woo(1r..rs  TO.  g.  Tacony HftSSiaa 

A.  Concklln-s  gr.  m.  Lady  Suffolk 9S11833 

B.  McLanghlins b.  in.  Lady  lirooks, 

Jack  Kosslter,  Lody  Jane,  Lady  Mostow,  and  Boston  Girl  drawn. 

Tlrae,2.84-2.40-2.8(H— 2.85-2.8-— 2.89-2.41. 


MMMW 


LADY    SUFFOLK. 


205 


for  tlic  noblest 
bfiiteu — beaten, 
y.  I  honor  the 
D  withdraw  h'm 
honor  ;  as  I  con- 
irinj:^  <^"'  si  ht'e- 
in  their  bravest 
lied  afraid ! 
fate  of  Fashion, 
,  as  bnt  a  sadder 
^h-mettlod  racer, 
e. 

lat  I  uouM  call 
—the  heroes  and 
f  rapidly  passing 

stage,  in  whoso 
I,  soon  to  be  for- 

y  Moscow,  Lady 
from  the  scene, 
case  of  the  last 
ige." 

li  year,  won  but 
L  a  good  second- 
jonda  behind  that 

ter.  Lady  Brooks, 
tid  once  by  Lady 
races  she  won  but 
3  against  Tacony. 
;  the  indomitable 
diless  mare,  is  the 
gainst  the  young 

tUrs,  mile  heats,  beet  three 

10  8  2  2  11 
8  0  2  8  12  2 
2    8    118    3    3 

>1. 


I  „,„  not  SUV.  .hat,  in  l,or  ninoteentl.  year  ..>«  may  not  be 
•  1    1  .t..,.l-P  seemed  to  last  in  for  ever. 

'"  ":, '  853  s I'c  "»    >"rcl.asod  by  Mr.  Hill,  of  Bridpor,   ,n 
J;:  own  J;,;  *»  l^,  ana  i,a.  left  no  l.eir  or  hcwe.  to  hor 

'""',"";     1   it  i,  liaidly  niobaljlc,  after  suel.  severe  and  long- 

""?;,:  llorr.      fofone,  sl,a«  cert.ainly  not  transfer  n,y 
ers  ot  the  noise ,  an      ,  »  ^  j         proved 

r'^-nrr;rbSt'"afe:,  brief,  gi^ 

h    'r.belonK  e^tinned  trainof  stilUnereaBingtri,,,npi,s, 
S'l^'er  tli  nfme  of  Lady  Sntfolk  the  pride  ot  the  tro.Ung 

'"'Ttr;:;anying  portr.,,  v.,,icb  is  'naj-%  «;e,be». 

"^Tr'iherra,:;rd^s:rra^^^^^^^^ 

graph  by  the  late  ia^^eme  ^^^.^^^^  ^^^^^ 

;'.::•  ;ra^„dt,rt:rriE^^^ 
4£:^reXtti;irCetr!ra'^^ 

.,;^!r^ri::dahabi.,.icha,n^M^^^^^^^^^ 

""'  "■':  ttdeCi:;  ::i  »  llrthro.-  thel„ge.headed 
;rg:y"rLd'*n":;«.'new  styleof  earieat„res,in,    .h  tt 


ll^  I 


20G 


THE   110R8E. 


needs  a  quicker  perception,  than  I  possess,  of  the  ridiculous,  to 
see  any  humor. 

The  spirited  bketch  alluded  to  above,  of  poor  Clarko's— 
his  best  1  think — is  by  no  means  free  from  this  gross  faidt; 
though,  in  other  points,  the  likeness  is  perfect  and  uhmIs- 
takable. 

This  defect,  and  also  the  very  faulty  seat  of  the  rider,  in  the 
origiiiH.  cut,  have  been  at  my  suggestion  cleverly  corrected  liy 
Messrs.  Capewell  and  Kimniel,  the  excellent  and  intelligent  en- 
gravers, to  whose  talents  in  representing  on  steel  some  of  the 
very  best  of  our  American  equine  celebrities,  I  gladly  confess 
my  indebtedness.  All  admirers  of  the  famous  old  mare  will 
recognize  her  bloodlike  head,  her  peculiar  mode  of  carrying  it 
and  champing  on  the  bit,  lier  long  slashing  stroke  which  led  the 
way  to  such  oft -repeated  glories,  and  the  broad  white  flag,  nev- 
er displayed  to  ask  for  truce,  or  to  give  token  of  submisfiion. 

The  following  summary  of  her  performances,  with  her  pedi- 
gree, and  an  account  of  her  winnings  in  purses,  alone,  not  in- 
cluding bets — unparalleled,  it  is  believed,  by  those  of  any  trot- 
tin<'  horse — are  taken  from  "The  Spirit  of  the  Times,"  of  June 
2d,  1855.  It  was  litting  that  the  person  who,  when  she  was  a 
common  ''very  horse,  iirst  detected  in  her  the  germ  of  her  fu- 
ture greatness,  sliould  be  the  one  to  give  the  report  of  her  hon- 
ors to  ]iosterity. 

1  say  the  simple  truth,  when  I  record  my  own  belief,  that  I, 
at  least,  shall  not  look  upon  her  like  again. 


JDITOniATv   ITOTES. 

'  (P.  109.)  There  is  but  one  True  Briton  given  In  the  stud  books,  who  was  by 
Imp.  Othello,  dam  Grant's  Milin  by  imp.  Spark.  Delancy's  imp.  Cub  mare  never 
had  a  foal  by  Moreton's  Traveller. 

»  (P.  117.)  Boston  was  not  blind  the  day  of  his  death,  and  if  he  had  been 
properly  cared  for,  woul.l  have  lived  to  an  old  age. 

3  (P.  118.)  Since  Herliert's  day  the  MessenRor  blood  has  become  the  popular 
trotting  strain.  Imp.  Messenger"  died  January  28th,  1808,  more  than  sixty-two 
years  ago,  still  the  papers  '\re  full  of  advertisements  of  trotting  stallions,  claim- 
ing to  be  descendants  and  in-bred  to  imp.  Messei  .ger. 

*  (P.  142.)  Flora  Temple  trotted  a  match  against  Dutchman's  time  on  the 
Centreville  Course,  Long  Island,  Sept.  27th,  1860.  Flora  was  to  have  three 
tri  Js,  first  trial  7.333,  second  trial  resigned  at  the  end  of  the  first  mile,  trotted 


.^'M^w^MBUi  i*W  UB'g 


LADY    SUFFOLK. 


207 


he  ridiculous,  to 

poor  Clarke's— 
this  gross  laiilt ; 
I'ect  suul   \iiiMis- 

thc  rider,  in  the 
rlv  corrected  hv 
lid  intelligent  en- 
teel  some  of  tho 
I  gladly  contess 
IS  old  mare  will 
de  of  carrying  it 
ike  which  led  the 
1  white  flag,  nev- 
i)f  submisyiun. 
.^s,  with  her  pedi- 
;es,  alone,  not  in- 
hose  of  any  trot- 
Times,"  of  June 
wdien  she  was  a 
!  germ  of  her  fu- 
•eport  of  her  hou- 

\vn  belief,  that  I, 


;n(l  booliB,  who  was  by 
8  imp.  Cub  mare  never 

,  and  if  lie  bad  been 


S„  2  43  third  trial  7A^.    The  track  was  18  feet  over  a  m.le,  a.,d  it  v.aa  claimed 

,;i!t,lelil.t^  r'l;  l.oat:  and  Flora  Temple  trotted  2  milen  in  barue.. 

^Ta'\m^  ri-'f  tmple  trotted  three  miu..  in  18(10,  in  7.=1.3-7.43i 

.•    J»      Trrteotritted  four  miles  in  harness  in   11.00.     LongM  «w  a 
,;         L  nrLec    31   1809,  trotted  four  miles  to  wagon,  tw..  straight 

^:::r™^l^"  r;cl:i0.4.i-10.:i4i.    TUs  is  BO  re,.rted  in  the 

'■f  irir-ar' Hamiltonian.  not  Ilambletonian.  was  by  Sir  Arcby.  out  of  Bellona. 

^•';J''l,t'^    We  cannot  find  Bull's  pedigree,  and  we  think  «"-  "f^-j'^^^^ 
,vaH  in-  Bull,  a  son  of  Mount  Holly,  who  was  by  imp.  Messenger,  foaled  1807,  at 

""?;rCc>' Me«owan  trotted  20  miles  to  harness  in  58  minutes  and  25 
.eJls.    ;ihn  StLart  20  miles  to  wagon  in  59  minutes  -^^    --^^  ^^^ 
n  (P  155.)     Bellfounder  was  imported  by  Mr.  James  Boot,  of  ""«  '  "' ^ 

4561 ;  General  Butler  to  wagon,  4.50i-a  seeond  heat^ 
It  m  1 71  ^    Lontrfellow  has  beaten  it  smce  in  10.42^—10.^4}  to  wagon. 
.;   P  m\    b1  beaten  in  1805  by  Dexter  to  wagon, 4.50i.    Butler,  a  second 

i.pnt  to  wairon  4  50i.    Flora  Temple  to  harness,  4.50^. 
t'i  S)    Since  by  Flora  Temple,  4.50i  to  harness.    Dexter  to  wagon,  4.5Ci 

and  Gen.  Butler  to  wagon,  a  second  heat,  4.5Ci.  „  „„h  a  hnlf  miles  with- 

>.  (P  170.)    Bellfounder.  it  is  stated,  trotted  seventeen  and  ^  li'^™''^  ^'**^ 

in  tli:hour,\n  England.  le  was  imported  '^J-^V'^'ldlfrBuSo  August 
«o  (P  181 )  Billy  Boyce.  by  Corbeau,  paced  under  saddle,  at  Buftalo  Augusi 
1  !«««■  o  Qil  2  i5V_2  14i-2.20i.  RoUo  Goldust,  a  trotter,  won  the  first  heat. 
''  i  ?^:  591.!"Fanny  Pullcn  was  Ved  in  Maine,  and  said  to  be  by  Quic.sdver. 
a  Bon  of  Dey  of  Algiers  (an  Arabian). 


as  become  the  popular 
,  more  thau  sixty- two 
•otting  stallions,  claim- 

itchman's  time  on  the 
a,  was  to  have  three 
the  first  mile,  trotted 


;-^f?-"* 


MEMOIR 

OF    LADY    SUFFOLK, 

WITH     A     BUMMAmr     OF     IIEK     PEHFOnMANOKS. 

Ladv  SiTFFOLK  WHS  brcd  in  SuiFolk  Connty,  Long  Island,  iind 
■was  foaled  in  1833.  At  two  years  old  she  was  purchased  by 
Mr.  David  Bryan ;  and,  in  Februaiy,  1838,  she  piude  her  iirst 
public  appearance  near  Babylon,  where  she  trotted  for,  ai)d 
won,  eleven  (hilars^  after  three  heats,  the  fastest  of  which 
was  3.01.  The  weather  was  very  cold,  and  Iliram  AVood- 
ruff  had  the  honor  of  riding  her  in  this  her  first  public  per- 
formance. 

Lady  Suffolk  was  got  by  Engineer,  a  thoroughbred  son  of 
Engineer  by  Imp.  Messenger,  her  dam  by  Plato,  another  son 
of  Imp.  Messenger,  grand  dam  by  Rainbow,  out  of  a  conunon 
mare.  The  dam  of  Lady  Sufiblk  was  owned  and  bred  by  Gen. 
John  Floyd,  of  Smithtown,  Long  Island,  and  sold  by  his  son  to 
Charles  Little,  Esq.,  of  Smithtown,  from  whom  she  passed  into 
the  hands  of  Richard  Blaydenburg,  Esq.,  who  bred  Lady  Suf- 
folk. 

Lady  Suftblk  was  about  fifteen  hands  and  a  half  high ;  of  a 
beautiful  gray,  with  a  large  sweeping  tail ;  small  head,  well  set 
on  to  a  fine  arched  neck,  with  a  good  deal  of  the  Arab  about 
it ;  large  shoulders  and  quarters,  not  too  heavy,  but  showing 
immense  strength  and  power  of  endurance ;  long  in  the  body, 
legs  fine  and  wonderfully  good. 


-3gssftj*aa 


MAN0X8. 

Long  Island,  and 
■as  purchased  by 
le  piade  lier  iirst 
:  trotted  for,  and 
fastest  of  v.liich 
1  Iliram  AVood- 
iirat  public  per- 

oughbred  son  of 
lato,  another  son 
3ut  of  a  common 
,nd  bred  by  Gen. 
lold  by  his  son  to 
n  she  passed  into 
0  bred  Lady  Suf- 

a  half  high ;  of  a 
lall  head,  well  set 
f  the  Arab  about 
avy,  but  showing 
long  ia  the  body, 


tADT   BCFFOLk's   RACES. 


309 


Tn  tlio  following  Sumnmry  of  Liuly  Suirolk's  Porfortnanccs, 
the  luiioiiiit  of  the  purso  irt  giviii  wlion  bIio  was  tlio  wiimer,  iin<l 
U  ft  l)liiiik  wlicMi  tthe  lost, — 


Ttil.        DAT*. 


1838 


.Iiily 
Oct. 


\m 


Italiylon,  L.  I. 
Ilcni'un  Course,  N.  J. 


PhlladcIplilH,  Pa. 
Beacon  Couno,  N.  J. 


nAKNESR 

on 

II40I>I.II 


Hndillo, 
lliiriii'tH, 


Uarnt'M, 
Saddle, 


1  Phllailolplila,  Pa.  Harness, 


mo 


mi 


1*12 


1843 


I  Beacon  Course,  N.  J. 
I  Ccntrcvllle,  L.  I. 
I  Beacon  Course.  N.J. 
!  Boston,  Moss. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

(  CentrcvlUo,  L.  I. 

Beacon  Course,  N.  .T. 
t,  11  t. 

Centrevllle,  U  I. 
Beacon  Course,  N.  J. 

Centrevllle,  L.  I. 
PhlUilelphla,Pa.. 

Centrevllle,  L.  I. 
Beacon  Course,  N.  J. 


Centrevllle,  L.  I. 
Beacon  Course,  N.  J. 

u  It  ** 

Centrevllle,  L.  I. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 
It  M 

Trenton.  N.  J. 
Beacon  Course,  N.  J. 
Boston,  Mass. 
Beacon  Course,  N.  J. 


Oct. 
Nov. 


Saddle, 

Harness, 

Saddle, 
,i 

Harness 

Kadillo, 

Harness, 

Saddle, 

Harness, 

Saddle, 

Harness, 

ti 

Saddle, 

Harness, 

Saddle, 

Waoon, 

Saddle, 

Harness, 


■Wagon, 
Harness, 


Saddle, 


Harness, 


I  BaltimoTe,  Md.. 


M 


Centrevllle,  L.  I 

Beacon  Course, N.J. 

Centrevllle,  L,  I 

Beacon  Course,  N.  J. 
Albany,N.Y 


Beacon  Course,  N.  J. 

H  t*  ** 

II.— 14 


H.dl 

fi.42,  B.42. 
l.\5.17. 


Saddle, 
Harnes^ 


Saddle, 

Harness, 

Saddle, 


^.•2»,  MT,  6.40. 
.M7,  M»l. 
MH,  n.'2H. 
.'i.4ij,  ^.iW^,  5.80 

.MM,  .Vit! 

S.1I,  S.1T. 
\:v*,  6.53. 
•i.41i. 

M!l  

Mil,  5.(p9. 

5.119 

5.2S,  5.R1,  5.82,  6.42. 

8.«S,  5.85,  6.40 

2..V2.  2.50. 

.5.2S  S.'.'H,  8.20 

5.20,  5.2H. 

M4,5.'.>4 

1I.22,11.!M 

2.4.H,  2.4:.,  2.47. 

2.52,  2.5.S,  2.49,  2.47,  2.60. 

5.(1.'),  5.l!fl. 

7.51,  7.51. 

.%.2(1,  MM,  6.83 

11.15,11.68 

Ui'celvod  forfeit 

5.'22,  5.21,  6.31 

4..59,  6.08* 

Uecelvod  forfeit 


8.13»,6.14 

!i.2U,6,19t,  6.21 

7.40i,7.5fl ....... 

.MbI,  5.16^,6.16,6.18,  6.25. 
b.m,  8.08,  8.08,  8.16. 

2.8.5,  2.37  

6.2«4,  6.28,  6.24 

5.05 

18.,58,  18.68}. 
7.50,  8.04. 
.M«4,  5.12i. 

5.10,6.16 

5.07,  6.16,  6.17. 

5.19,  double  harness 

6.16,  5.22. 
8.00,  7.584. 

6.87.6.49 .••••■ 

2.28»,  2.28,  2.28,  2.29,  8.82.... 

2.261,2.27,2.27 

2.80$,  2,42i,  2.28 

7.44,  7.52 

2.29,  2.80,  2.23J 

2.88,2.89,2.41 

6.19,  6.20,  6.22, 6.19. 

7,48. 

6.88,0.85 

7.69,  8.16,  8.01. 

6.20,6.24 

6.17,6.19,  M8 

7.51,8.02 

7.521,  8.01. 

2.40,2.844,  2.884 

2.44,2.264 

2.88.2.884,2.84.2.87 

12,29,2.81,2.28,2.29,2.80.... 


It 
100 

KM) 

too 

200 

400 

190 

800 
200 


200 

1000 
21  KM) 
7.')0 
200 
600 
600 
IM 
200 
2000 


1250 

21  lO 

1000 


800 
200 


SOO 
100 
200 
100 

800 
800 


SOU 

600 
600 
400 

iSO 

260 
200 


I  Hi  I 


210 


THE   nORSE. 


IMfi     April 
Mity 


IMA 


mi 


1843 


m» 


4S 


ISSO 


" 

lU 

Tiino 

!t 

let. 

4  1 

t* 

lit 

tt 

Ifl 

II 

29 

>»i»i.t 

•« 

Irt. 

H 

" 

1,^ 

'* 

«i 

Not. 

IH 

J  una 

7 

»» 

1) 

July 

14 

*' 

2H 

Aug. 

^ 

14 

«f[>U 

i« 

Out. 

1 

u 

15 

it 

!iH 

Don. 

2H 

Miiv 

111 

■lurio 

T 

July 

4 

** 

17 

II 

22 

A  UK. 

1» 

Mftv 

21 

fliino 

6 

'* 

n 

" 

7 

•* 

14 

ii 

W 

.Uilv 

2 

'♦ 

1) 

" 

10 

Aug. 

H 

Sept. 

2.S 

Oct. 

H 

•t 

17 

" 

2( 

Nov. 

7 

" 

12 

" 

22 

11 

29 

T^oc. 

12 

May 

7 

" 

V) 

»' 

21 

June 

12 

t* 

IS 

11 

19 

July 

1 

H 

ii 

12 

*t 

22 

Oct. 

17 

14 

22 

Nov. 

6 

II 

7 

It 

la 

" 

14 

U 

26 

I'ninn  ('iiunn,  I..  I.    . 
('('iilri'villo,  U  I. 
I'nion  Cciiirai',  I..  I. 
I'hlli>cl<'l|>hlit,  IV 
jli'iicun  Coursf,  N.  J. 


I'lillmloliililn,  r*. 
I'nioii  (,'(iiir«i%  li.  I. 


ri'ntrevlllc,  L.  I. 
Union  Coursu,  L.  I. 
tt         tt         tt 

Snmtoifa.  N.  T.  . 
(Vntriivlllc,  L.  I. 

Union  Courtc,  L.  I. 

tt        tt         tt 
Ccntrovllle,  L.  I. 


Stiratoirm  N.  Y. 
I'ninn  ('ouri<p,  Ij.  I. 
I'rovl(liini"«,  It.  1. 


Boston,  Mass, 
t'niiin  Coiir.Hf,  T..  I. 
Ccntrovllli',  U  I. 
ITnlou  Course,  h.  I. 
tt         >•  *^ 

Ccntrovllle,  L.  I. 


Union  Course,  h.  I. 
It  tt       tt 

tt  tt       tt 

Contrcvlllp,  L.  I. 
Itoston,  Mobs. 

It  tt 

Centrpvllle,  L.  I. 
tt  tt 

tt  ti 

I'hllailolphla,  Pa. 

II  ^* 

Bftltimorc,  Md. 

41  II 

44  M 

Philadelfhia,  Pa. 
Boston,  Muss. 

Rochester^  N.  T. 

44  41 

Buffalo,  N.  T. 
tt  tt 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 


■AnnLi 

OH 
IIAIINHM. 


IlarnoH 


flKtIilla 


Wagon 


Raddle, 
Harnt'wi, 
Hnilclle, 
lIiirniiM, 


WsEon, 

Snililln, 
lIiirnusH, 


Pntldle, 
llur«i"<», 

tSaddlr. 
IliirncsH, 

Saddle, 


HarnoMf 

1 

1 

44 

1 

II 

2 

8 

Wajfon, 

1 

ItnrnctsSf 

8 

Haddip, 

2 

lIain»HSf 

2 

" 

1 

44 

2 

44 

1 

^* 

2 

II 

8 

44 

1 

WftRon, 

1 

IlnrnosSf 

8 

•' 

2 

" 

1 

ti 

2 

41 

2 

11 

1 

II 

1 

11 

1 

II 

2 

14 

1 

14 

2 

U 

1 

5.20,  n. 29 

M>9,  Mil.  M» 

H.(NI,  N.iir>i. 

s,i>2,  H,()7i,  «.17 

2.117,  2.il.".J,  'iM{.  2.89. 

284,  2.2',U.  2..t(>,  2.!t(,  2.8(1 

2.8at.  2.rtU,  2.4<),  2.!),\ 
H.aV  7.M». 

2..'t7J,  2.87, 2.8,'. 

MS,  Ml. 

2.81,  2.8 U,2.S4J,2.aV2.3SJ,... 

7.48,  7.  KH. 

tVOSf  Mil. 

7.M,  8.9(14 

M(4,fi.24 

«.(tS 

2.871,  2.4.8 1,  2.89t 

2.42},  2.884.  2.80 

2..V2,  2.^4,  2.44 

7.44,  7.M. 

,'..18,  .Mil 

.V(>4J,  MV. 

Ml),  B.12 

.M84,  n.2.H 

2.!W,  2.88,  2.VW,  2.87,  2.88,  2.81). 

.^2I,6.'8,  B.I7,  6.22 

.'..12,  M4 

2.81,2.82,2.82 

5.22,  Mfl,M7,  B.IO 

2.82.* 

2.84,  2.811,  2,84,  2.8-1. 


2.2!I4, 2.82.  2.81. 

1,2. 
fi.2(l. 


2.8,^^,  2.84,  iSHJ, 


riiiE 


2.81,  22(i,+  2.27,  2.29. 

2.29J,  2.8!H 

2.82,  2..82i,  2.2H,  2.29 J,  2.81  J 

2.2S.  2.811,  281,2.80. 

M19,  .MS.t 

2.29J.  2.81,  2.80,  2.31),  2.82,  231, 
2.88. 

2,82J,2.S8J,  2.84, 2.86 

.5.16,6.17.5.28. 

7.4.')J,  7,52,  7..^ 

2.45,2.40.2.48 

8.18,8.15 

5  08J.  M2.  6.19 

5.67,6.84+ 

2.37,  2.40,  2.88. 

.5.88,6.36 

2.8.8 

MO,  6,094. 
7.44f,  7.524. 

2.81 

2.81,2.88,2.39,2.38 

7.,584,  7.65 

5.20,  6.11,616 

2.81 

6.18,  5.10. 
5.1B,  6.08,  6.0S4. 

2,87f  2.88,2.40 

2.41,2.4.5,2.47 

2.474,2.89,2.48,2.40 

5.18,  5.17. 

2.8.5,2.84.2.84 

5.141,  6.124. 

2.48,2.41,2.89 


800 


200 


800 
2J0 


600 
260 


JSO 
iK 
860 
800 
800 


800 
BOO 
600 


*  Lady  Suffolk  fell  lame.  In  this  heat,  which  the  won,  but  was  (topped  In  the  second, 

t  Lady  Suffolk  won  the  second  bent. 

X  The  mare  was  so  much  amiss,  that  she  was  withdrawn  after  the  first  heat 


.'^mii^^Amm^mmr^s--^ 


"S^iEl 


TAHI-K  OF   PEKFOnMANOll. 


Sit 


IIIK.                                    , 

11  IE 

1 

2M 
400 

r 

}.  2.nd. 

\'i.:H.iM 

■5 

m 

2.V) 

U,  i.a-i,  2.8SJ 

8?<0 
HOO 

(UK) 

IKH) 

m 

HO 

2S0 

8M 

800 

nno 

;  1,000 

,  'i.:l7,  2.08,  li.HH 
,6.22 

ROO 

8110 

280 



MO 

200 

1. 

It)) 

200 

m 

7,  2.29. 

m 

H,  2.2«1,  2.)54J 

10,  2.31),  2.S2,  2.31, 

280 

aoo 

280 

n. 

7 

m 

m 



HIIO 

!» 

2.)0 
800 

. 

800 

280 

280 

J,  2.38 

2.10 

m 

) 

ROO 

800 

40 

BOO 

BOO 

48,  2.40 

800 

4 

9       

800 

too 

topped  In  the  second, 
he  first  beat 


Tl»" 


1S.M 


DAT!. 


Koh.  10 

Mar.  tt 

April  211 

■•  tti( 
Mny 
Jiiiifl 


1882 


AiiK. 
Sept. 

Oft. 


N.iv. 
Miiy 


8opt. 


1888 


2S 
IH 
2!) 
H 
\<* 
1» 
IB 
2!1 
2S 
17 
6 
HI 
"        2(1 
"        HI 
,1imo    24 
,luly      B 
"        14 
"        21) 
20 
M 


Now  Orlrnns,  I.a. 

Mi«blli',  Alft. 
Ni'W  (irli'iin«,  !..». 
gt.  Louis,  M». 

Rochrtter,  N.  T. 

»  " 

It  ** 

Union  Conri»,  I*  1. 


(APni.a 

I  I*. 


TIM*. 


raits. 


Ilarncs 


Sii<lilU<. 
lUriK'M, 


Boston,  Mas».    . 
Union  Course.  L.  I. 


Oct 


WnKon, 
Harm'!*, 


flftil.llp,* 
lliirni'ns, 
Wuijon, 

I  Harnosi, 

Wngon, 
Ititrncss, 


2.H7(,  2.ilft.24l. 
2.flK,  2.fl.\  2.!«tt,  8.«4. 

2.4lt.  2.47,  2.  |H.  2,47 

2,44*,  2.trt,2,4IJ,  2.M. 

2.311,  2,Hil,  2.«;l,  2.»0,  2.8S 

B.2»,  ft.2!t. 

2.HB,2.»4i 

2.H.\  2.117,  2.Srt,  9.8« 

2.IWt,2.HU,2,HHl. 

B.OH,  B.UI ••••• 

2.114,  2.37 i,  2.3H,  2.3T,  'IWi ■■■■ 

B.OH,  B.IIH. 

2.311,  2.30,  2.30.  2.34. 

2JW,  2,3x,  2.30J.  2.37 

2  321,  2.33,  H.lin,  2.301. 

2.31*,  2.!1.'>,  2.3;IJ,  2.30.  2,M. 

B.HJ,  B.lfi. 

aiHt.  H.llT. 

BIO,  B.10iB.13J. 

2.40,  2.3.'.|.  2.37.  2.39 

2.B!>,  2.43t,  2.4Hi,  2.40.     . 

2.H4.  2.341,  2.30. 

2«ll   2.34,  2.:iil. 

2;«t.    2.40,  2.3t)f   2.86,  2.87,  2.89, 
2,i.. 

MiT:   B.OS}. 

2.3U  2.30,2.32. 
2.4»1.2.Hrtl,  2.3St,  2.40. 
2.89i,  2..10J,  2.80J,  2.4-li. 


800 
800 


BOO 
800 


400 
MJO 


1,000 


UO 


It  will  be  Been  from  the  above  tlmt  Lady  Suffolk  was  upon 
the  turf  uearlv  sixteen  yearn,  during  which  time  she  trotted  in 
One  Hundred  and  Sixty-One  Ilucos,  winning  Lighty-c.glit- 
and  $35,011— and  losing  Seventy-Three. 

I  believe,  Mr.  P.,  your  own  dear  eelt  and  "Acorn  Nvcre 
the  first  to  discover  the  extraordinary  powers  of  Lady  Suflolk, 
while  driving  her  to  Comae,  Long  Island,  in  1837  ;  and  I  have 
been  told  tliat  it  was  by  your  advice  that  her  owner  entered 
her  for  a  purse  on  the  Beacon  Course  in  June  of  the  toUowing 
year,  when  she  gave  such  promise  of  speed  and  endurance  as 
to  obtain  the  admiration  of  all  present  who  were  capable. of 

"""'Tli^'summary  designates  clearly  the  course  of  her  travels, 
from  Babylon  through  ten  States  of  the  Union ;  but  it  is  deemed 
an  act  of  iustice  to  the  Lady  to  state  that  her  trainei-^  driver, 
and  intimate  friend,  Mr.  David  Bryan,  on  their  arrival  at  New 
Orleans  in  1851,  was  unablp  to  attend  to  her  on  account  of 
sickness;  and  although  Mr.  C.  S.Ellis,  an  accomplished  trainer, 
had  her  in  charge,  she  seemed  to  lose  her  accustomed  spirit, 
and  to  droop  with  her  old  master,  who  died  there,  leaving  his 
mare  in  charge  of  Mr.  Ellis. 


i 


'^1.4 


THK   IIOMR. 


At,  tlio  nalo  of  the  effects  of  tho  Into  Dnvid  Hrymi,  I,u,ly 
Butlolk,  I  l)cliovo,  was  purcluiHtul  by  Mi-BsrH.  Shnw  niid  White, 
then  lessooB  of  tho  niiion  (!oiirHi>.  In  tht*  hitter  part  ol"  is;.;), 
nlm  wiiH  inir.'liascd  hy  D.  Kdj^nir  Hill,  of  Uridpurt,  wlnti  ^h,. 
wiirt  put  in  tiie  wtud  and  hrcd  to  IMiu-k  Hawk,  and  preiuuturelv 
druppi'd  a  foal  to  him  in  is.')!. 

In  Fiihrnary  hwt,  u  most  oxctdlont  likoncHU  of  tho  Lady— ho 
PoprcM'ntiMl  Ity  a  corrcHpondent  of  tho  "Spirit  "  -was  taken  on 
canvas,  whitdi  her  owner  intendod  to  havo  lithograplieil,  and 
on  tho  7th  of  March,  m  if  thJH  n(d)lo  old  rnaro  considered  that 
her  niiH«ion  had  ended  with  tho  taking  of  her  portrait,  uho  di'.'d 
in  tho  Btablo  of  ono  who  knew  how  to  value  her  pant  Hervieo8. 
Hut  I  cannot  do  better  than  copy  "  I'eter  JJasHV/ood'H "  letter 
from  the  "Spirit"  of  tho  17th  of  March,  and  closo;— 

LADT  BUFFOI      19  UKADI 
"  Duath,  cold  utiurcT,  hitth  Heizod  liia  bonded  debtor." 

Slic  died  at  Edgar  llillV,  I5ridp(trt,  Vt..  on  tho  7th  of  March, 
in  Avhat  Mr.  Hill  BUpposed  to  be  a  fit,  iva  alio  was  in  apparent 
health  but  a  short  tiino  before  hho  died ;  Mr,  II.  was  in  tho 
stable  when  she  fell  to  stand  no  mvre.  Thus  passed  from  tho 
turf  to  a  resting  j)lace  beneath  it,  an  old  familiar.  We  shall 
BOO  "  The  Gray  Mare  "  no  more,  but  lier  deeds  are  recorded  in 
the  archives  of  tho  "  Spirit,"  and  will  live  long  after  the  epi- 
taph of  your  humble  scribbler  shall  be  written  ;  and  when  our 
hair  shall  have  grow  n  as  white  as  hers  that  were  onco  gray,  wo 
shall  look  back  through  tho  distance  to  tho  deeds  that  she  per- 
formed on  tho  lie..con,  tho  Centrevillo,  the  Union,  the  lluntinc; 
Park,  and  Cambridge  Courees,  for 

"  There's  a  fueling  witliin  us  that  loves  to  rorert 
To  the  merry  cI'J  times  that  are  gone." 

P.  S. — Since  the  above  was  written,  I  have  been  informed 
that  Mr.  White,  of  Saratoga,  was  the  owner  of  Lady  Suffolk 
from  the  time  she  left  "  the  Island  "  till  her  death,  and  that  ho 
merely  sent  her  to  Mr.  Hill  to  be  bred  to  Black  Hawk. 

JTrom  t/u  Ntvo  York  (olii)  Si)irUof\lhe  nrnti. 


m- 


FlAtKA   TKJ^l'I.K. 


^i:t 


mw  1111(1  Wliiti., 

'•r  pnrtof  Is:,.i, 

'Iporf,  when  blu. 

land  pri'iiiatiirflv 


I  '» 


>i'  the  Lady— so 
'— wjw  fakt'ii  oti 
|itli<>|rn,,,|„,,|^  ,„i,l 

'  conHhU'ri'd  tlii'.t 
I'oi-trait,  hill,  di-d 
I'l"  piiHt  Horvici's. 
isHvvood'rt"  letter 

losu ; — 


l.'htor." 

10  7th  <.r  March, 
wits  ill  aj)i)aront 
r.  II.  was  ill  the 
pafiHt'd  from  tlio 
hiliar.  Wo  shall 
8  are  recorded  in 
)ng  after  the  ej)i- 
II ;  and  wlieii  our 
!ro  onco  gray,  we 
eds  that  she  per- 
ion,  the  IluntinjOf 

ert 

e  been  informed 
of  Lady  Suffolk 
mth,  and  that  ho 
k  Hawk, 

J)SjHHto/iC/u  nmu. 


But  now,  littvinp  dono  our  duty  to  tlio  honored  (IcikI,  let  us 
reHiime  the  thread  nf  ihiit  yeiir'n  pr<>ceediii;^H,  wlii(di  was  doiihiy 
diffnalized  by  her  departuro  from  tlio  tnrf,  the  lirKt  j^reat  victo- 
rii'H  of  the  ono  and  the  llrHt  appearance  of  the  other  of  her  most 
hrilliatit  MieeeKHoi-H — ^Tiieoiiy  and  Flora  Temple. 

And  lifHt,  of  Taeoiiy,  whoHe  earlii'st  ell'ortH  I  reoorde<l  in  tho 
luininnry  of  the  last  yonr. 

lie  camo  out  in  tliirt,  like  ii  \!^\M\i  refrcKhed  Ity  hluniber,  and 
hiirntat  oiu-e  into  celebrity. 

Tiicniiy  won  in  1852,  no  lesB  than  twelve  timef,  beatiii;;  all 
tin'  best  hoi-Hcs  of  the  day  ;  Lady  Siinblk  thrieo  ;  Lady  Hrookn 
loiir  times;  Zachary  Taylor  four  tiincH;  Pelhain,  Lady  ilano, 
Lady  Moscow,  Jack  Koshiter  and  Jidin  Toniielly. 

Ho  did  hirt  sinj^lc  iiiilo  iih  low  as '2.-'(!,  tiie  bcHt  time  as  yet 
made  ;  -.27.J,  and  ii.'iS  on  several  occasions — his  two  miles  under 
the  eaddlo  in  5.02 — 5.05, — and  in  barness  in  5.071 — 5.0SJ. 
Ho  was  beaten  twice  oidy  ;  by  Lady  Jane,  who  continued 
to  run  on,  a  stout,  honest  mare,  two-milo  lieats  in  wiipniH, 
the  horse  takinj;  the  lirst  beat ;  and  by  Zachary  Taylor, 
the  best  three  in  five,  in  waj^ons,  tho  waf^on  and  driver  to 
wei^h  400  lbs.  Tacony  won  the  second  and  fourth,  Zachary  tho 
lirst,  third,  and  fifth  heats. 

'I'his  was  justly  considered  excellent  work  for  tho  second 
campaif^n  of  a  green  liorse,  whatever  his  promise. 

Zachary  Taylor  and  Lady  Jane  did  tho  next  best,  and  anum- 
hor  of  other  horses  (tf  old  note  held  their  places  with  credit,  as 
Chataurjue  Chief,  St.  Lawrence,  Rhode  Island,  and  others. 

In  this,  and  the  two  last  years,  had  been  trotting  that  remark- 
ably beautiful  and  very  highly-bred  stallion,  Keinble  Jackson, 
who  afterwards  showed  vast  speed,  and  who  is  said  to  have  been, 
in  Hiram  AVoodrutf's  opinion,  the  fastest  young  horse  be  ever 
drove. 

This  fine  stallion  unfortunately  died  in  his  ninth  year,  before 
he  had  attained  his  prime  ;  for,  as  it  is  well  known,  trotting  horses 
continually  train  on,  in  their  speed,  for  reasons  to  bo  given 
hereafter,  as  they  advance  in  years,  until  their  frames  have  ac- 
tually begun  to  decline. 

I  am  induced  to  give  the  true  pedigree  of  this  horse,  in  this 
place,  so  far  as  it  is  ascertained,  in  consequence  of  there  having 


214 


THE   HORSE. 


recently  appeared  in  "  Porter's  Spirit  of  the  Times,''  where  it 
ini"-lit  be  taken  as  authoritative,  a  mass  of  stupid  forgery ;  which, 
as  it  must  be  immediately  detected,  would  tend  to  injure  his 
repute. 

This  pedigree  states  that  "Fanny  ICemble,  the  daiii  of 
Kemble  Jackson,  was  oio7i  sistei'  to  Miller's  Damsel,  the  dam 
of  American  Eclipse,  and  got  by  Duroo,  sire  of  American 
Eclipse." 

According  to  this  farrago  of  nonsense',  American  Eclipse 
was  the  son  of  his  own  half-sister.     Did  any  man  ever  hear  the 

like? 

Miller's  Damsel  was  by  imp.  Messenger,  out  of  the  Pot-S-o's 
mare,  dam  by  Gimcrack,  out  of  Snap  Dragon,  by  Snap— con- 
cerning whom  there  existed  so  long  a  doubt  recently  solved.  So 
far  was  Fanny  Kemble  from  being  the  daughter  of  the  Pot-8-0'3 
mare,  that  the  Pot-S-o's  marc  was  dead  nearly  twen'y  years  be- 
fore the  distinguished  lady,  from  whom  the  dam  of  Kemble 
Jackson  took  her  name,  was  born— much  more  before  her  name 
was  known  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 

The  truth  is  as  follows, — 

Kemble  Jackson  was  got  by  Andrew  Jackson— dam  Fanny 
Kemble,  sister  to  Charles  Kemble,  by  Sir  Archy  ;  gd.  Maria,  by 
Gallatin  ;  g.  gd.  by  Symms's  Wildair ;  g.  g.  gd.  by  Traveller, 
out  of  an  imported  mare. 

Fanny  Kemble  was,  therefore,  perfectly  thoroughbred,  al- 
though she  had  no  more  relationship  to  Miller's  Damsel  than 
she  had  to  Queen  Pomare. 

Andrew  Jackson,  the  most  celebrated  trotting  stallion  of  his 
day,  was  got  by  Young  Bashaw,  out  of  a  grand-daughter  of 
Messenger.  Young  Bashaw  was  by  the  imported  Tripolitan 
Barb,  Grand  Bashaw,  his  dam  Pearl  by  First  Consul,  gd.  Fancy 
by  imported  Messenger. 

This  blood  is  good  enough,  one  would  think,  to  content  any 
one  ;  as  Andrew  Jackson  himself  had  at  least  three-fourths  of 
thoroughblood,  and  Kemble  Jackson,  the  son  of  a  thoroughbred 
mare,  consequently  had,  at  the  most,  but  one-eighth  of  common 
blood  in  his  veins. 

But  to  proceed ;  in  this  same  year  appeared  Ethan  Allen 


■mssaaa^iKaagE^i^y^ 


BABBABOUa  MATCH. 


215 


'imes,''  wliore  if. 

forgery ;  wliich, 

id  to  injure  his 

e,  tlie  diiDi  of 
)amsel,  the  dam 
•e   of  American 

merican  Eclipse 
m  ever  hear  tlie 

;  of  tlio  Pot-S-0'3 
,  by  Snap — con- 
ntly  solved.  So 
•  of  the  Pot-8-0'8 
twen'y  years  be- 
dam  of  Kemhle 
before  her  name 


3n — dara  Fanny 
^  ;  gd.  Maria,  by 
d.  by  Traveller, 

boroughbred,  al- 
ir's  Damsel  than 

ng  stallion  of  his 
and-daughter  of 
>orted  Tripolitan 
/onsul,  gd.  Fancy 

tc,  to  content  any 

three-fourths  of 

f  a  thoroughbred 

ightli  of  common 

I'cd  Ethan  Allen 


Also  a  very  fine  and  fast-trotting  stallion,  the  pride  of  Avbat  .8 
called  the  »  Morgan  breed,"  and  a  horse  of  undon.able  merit. 

lie  WIS  -ot  by  the  Morgan  Black  Hawk,  dam  a  medium 
pize  white  inare,  said  to  be  of  the  Messenger  breed. 

Black  Hawk  was  got  by  Sherman  Morgan,  his  dam  a  bvst 
black  mare,  said  to  be  an  English  half-bred 

Sherman  ^vas  son  of  the  original  or  Justin  Morgan,  out  of  a 
,„are  variously  said  to  be  of  a  "Spanish  breed,"  and  an  im- 
ported English  saddle  mare. 

Ethan  Allen  trotted  this  year,  mile-heats,  m  harness,  for  a 
,)ur.e  .>f  S15  for  3  years  old,  against  Chazy,  a  filly,  and  a  chest- 
!uit\^elding,  at  the  Clinton  Co.  Fair,  N.  Y.,  and  won  the  purse 
in  3  20—3  21  This  is  noticed,  not  on  account  ot  tlie  time,  but 
in  view  of  the  celebrity  of  the  animal,  who  is  now  claimed  to 
be  the  fastest  trotting  stallion  in  the  world.* 

This  year,  also,  appeared  Flora  Temple,  who,  so  tar  as 
present  appearances  can  beheld  to  justify  pix^dictions  seems 
destined  to  succeed  to  the  place  lately  vacated  by  Lady  bu^olk. 
In  ^his  place  I  shall  say  nothing  of  her  pretended  pedigree, 
for  that  will  come  in  due  course  with  a  memoir,  to  which  her 
distinction  entitles  her,  and  which  will  follow  this  branch  of  my 

'"^'rita  won,  this  year,  her  first  on  the  regular  turf,  although 
she  had  won  a  private  match  on  the  Eed  House  track,  at 
Harlem,  and  one,  likewise,  on  the  Union  Course,  three  times, 
,vi„„iug  every  time  she  started,  although  she  was  once  drawn, 
n  a  pule  and  sweepstakes  won  by  Lady  Brooks;  Pet,  War 
Eagle,  George  West,  and  Flora  Temple  entered,  the  first  two 
only  starting  for  the  stakes.  .    n        .         ^,„.,„ 

Her  first  trot  was  mile-heatc,  best  three  m  five,  -for  a  puise 
and  sweepstakes,  in  harness.  In  this  she  beat  Brown  Jmi 
?hree  straight  heats,  in  2.43-2.41-2.43.  She  also  beat  Young 
Dutchman  a  match  of  mile-heats,  three  m  five,  m  2.40-2.39- 
'>  3G-and,  in  December  of  the  same  season,  Centreville,  l^ie 
same  match,  in  250  lbs.  wagons-all  these  races  she  won  with 
out  losing  BO  much  as  a  single  heat.  But  ^j^f^J^^J^^"'^*  Par- 
ticularly good,  and  she  had,  as  yet,  excited  but  little  attention. 
Another  barbarous  time-match-the  most  barbarous  yet .- 
disgraces  the  annals  of  this  year.  "The  spotted  mare  Anna 
*  See  Ethan  Allen's  performances,  p.  278. 


SSl^^^^fi' 


ai6 


THE  H0E8E. 


Bishop,"  it  is  thus  curtly  related  in  the  Spirit,  "  was  backed  to  do 
one  hundred  miles  in  nine  lioura ;  she  started,  and,  after  doing 
forty-nine  miles  in  four  hours  and  eleven  minutes,  broke 
down ! " 

The  register  does  not  give  the  name  of  the  perpetrator  oi 
this  savage  atrocity,  or  I  should  rejoice  to  pillory  it ;  nor  is  it 
stated  what  became  of  the  unfortunate  animal,  which  nnisfliavo 
been  a  good  one  to  do  so  much  before  she  broke  down,  lamed 
for  life  probably,  if  not  killed  outright. 

In  1853,  the  interest  of  the  season  centres  wholly  in  Flora 
and  Tacony,  the  latter,  however,  playing,  very  decidedly,  th«> 
secondary  part. 

The  little  bay  mare  was  seventeen  times  victorious  over  all 
the  best  horses  of  the  season;  boating  Tacony  seven  times,  at 
one  and  two-milo  heats  ;  Black  Douglass  twice ;  Bhodc  Island 
three  times;  Highland  Maid  twice;  Mountain  Maid  twice; 
Katy  Darling  twice  ;  Lady  Vernon,  Lady  Brooks,  and  Young 
Dutchman  to  make  up  the  tale,  hardly  losing  a  heat  in  the 
whole  performances.  Her  best  time  was  2.27  and  2.28  at  mile- 
lieats,  both  on  several  occasions,  and  at  two-mile  heats  5.0H — 
4.59 — the  best  on  record.  She  had  at  once  started  up  into  a 
prodigy.  She  lost  four  races  only,  one  to  Black  Douglas,  one 
to  Green  Mountain  Maid,  and  two  to  Tacony,  who  bittled  it 
out  with  her  with  courage,  if  not  with  success,  equal  to  aer  own. 

Tacony,  though  no  longer  the  champion,  maintained  his 
credit  more  than  gallantly,  beating  Flora  twice,  as  has  been 
stated ;  and  Mac,  who  reappeared  very  strongly  this  season,  four 
times,  one  in  the  best  time  on  record,  under  the  saddle,  lie 
was  beaten  six  times  by  Flora,  and  thrice  by  Mac.  His  best 
winning  time,  2.25f,  at  one  mile,  repeated  in  two  consecutive 
heats,  was  half  a  minute  better  than  Lady  Suffolk's  best,  2.2G ; 
and  he  put  Flora  up  to  4.59 — 5.01^,  to  beat  him  in  harness  at 
two  miles. 

To  show  how  much  horses  had  gained  on  time,  recently, 
2.27,  only  one  second  less  than  the  best  yet,  2.26,  was  made 
seven  times  ;  by  Dolly  Spanker  thrice.  Flora  twice,  and  Tacony 
once ;  and  Lady  Suffolk's  best  time,  2.26,  and  beaten  a  half- 
second  by  Tacony  against  Mac. 

There  was  much  excellent  trotting  this  year,  and  horses  of 


I 


CONQUEEOR. 


217 


las  backed  to  do 
pd,  after  doing 
limites,    broke 

Jperpotrator  oi 
I'T  it ;  nor  is  it 
Piicb  must,  have 
down,  lanied 

kiolly  in  Flora 
Jdecidedl}',  tlio 

)rious  over  all 
even  times,  at 
Kluxle  Island 
Maid  twice; 
cs,  and  Yonng 
a  heat  in  the 
2.28  at  mile- 
boats  5.0U— 
rted  up  into  a 
:  Douglas,  one 
'"who  bittled  it 
lal  to  iierown. 
naintained  his 
3,  as  has  been 
lis  season,  Ibnr 
le  saddle.    lie 
[ac.     His  best 
w  consecutive 
c's  best,  2.20; 
in  harness  at 

ime,  recently, 
26,  was  made 
3,  and  Tacony 
eaten  a  half- 

nd  horses  of 


merit  deservijig  mention,  too  many  to  be  recorded  in  a  mere 
summary  of  events  such  as  this. 

I  must  not,  however,  omit — in  order  to  record  my  disnj)pro- 
butiou  of  them — to  mention  two  ten-mile  matches  in  harness, 
between  the  same  horses.  First,  the  ch.  g.  Prince,  by  Wood- 
pecker, a  trotter,  and  the  gr.  g.  Ilcro,  i)edigrec  unknown,  a 
pacer. 

The  fastest  mile  was  done  in  2.38^,  the  slowest  in  3.1 2v^,  the 
whole  time  in  28.08^.  No  injury  occurred  to  eilber  horse;  but 
+liat  is  no  justification  of  these  long  matches, — which,  having 
tlie  probability  before  my  eyes  of  being  set  down  as  an  old  fogy 
and  anti-progressive,  I  regard  as  both  useless  and  cruel. 

Second,  the  same  horses,  with  the  same  result,  excejjt  that 
Hero  was  distanced — what  is  the  distance  in  ten  miles  7ion  con- 
stat.   Fastest  mile,  2.33^^ ;  slowest,  6.19  ;  whole  time,  35.18. 

On  November  12tli  came  off  the  crowning  cruelty  of  the 
American  trotting  course. 

An  old,  good,  honest,  well-known  roadster,  bred  in  Orange 
County,  and  having  a  good  deal  of  blood,  was  driven  to  death 
for  the  sum  of  four  thousand  dollars,  which  his  backers,  I  re- 
gret to  say,  realized  by  their  merciless  barbarity. 

He  was  backed  to  do  100  miles  in  9  hours,  and  did  it.  The 
total  time  announced  by  the  judges  was  8,55.53.  I  now  quote 
frotn  the  Turf  Register  of  the  year. 

"At  the  conclusion  of  this  immense  performance,  the  horso 
did  not  seem  unusually  distressed.  He  was  warmly  clothed — 
and  hied,  as  wo  hear — carefully  nursed,  and  every  possible  at- 
tention paid  to  him  ;  though  he  "  came  about "  a  little  the  fol- 
lowing day,  we  regret  to  learn  that  be  gradually  sunk,  and  on 
Monday  breathed  his  last.  No  attem])t,  Ave  trust,  will  be  Tuade 
to  rival  this  performance.  'A  merciful  man  Js  merciful  to  his 
beast. ' " 

This  passage  deserves  some  remark.  Tlie  feeling  is  all  that 
could  be  wished,  although  the  condemnation  is  not  sufficiently 
strong;  for,  be  it  observed,  that  a  word  of  rebuke  in  a  journal 
devoted  to  sporting,  is  of  more  weight  with  sporting  characters, 
as  they  call  themselves,  than  a  column  from  other  sources,  which 
they  either  do  not  see,or  regard  as  old  fogy  and  straitlaced. 

Next,  as  to  the  race  and  its  results;  first,  I  would  ask,  was 


218 


THE  HORSE. 


ever  any  horse  distressed,  nccoruing  to  the  report  of  his  perform- 
ance. Secondly,  wliat  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  usuaUij,  m 
reference  to  an  event  never  accomplished  hefore. 

Lastly,  I  would  say,  that  if  this  unhappy  horse  were  bled,  us 
it  is  stated  he  was,  the  bleeding  was  in  all  probability  the  im- 
mediate cause  of  his  death.  In  such  cases,  nine  times  out  of  ten, 
exhaustion,  not  plcthory,  is  the  result  of  such  efforts  as  this; 
and  in  this  case,  every  thing  indicates  that  the  animal  was  so 
totally  overdone  and  outworn,  that  the  whole  system  collapsed, 
and  tliat  nature  failed  in  recuperative  power.  In  such  a  case, 
to  take  one  drop  of  blood  would  be  as  surely  fatal  as  to  blow 
out  the  creature's  brains.  A  drench  of  hot,  spiced  ale,  followed 
by  mashes,  and  a  cordial  ball  of  camphor,  condiments,  &c.,  <kc., 
would  have  been  far  more  rational  treatment.  Nothing,  how- 
ever, could  probably  have  done  any  good  ;  the  rather  as  he  was 
an  old  horse ;  nor,  probably,  had  he  recovered,  would  it  have 
done  him  any  good,  as  in  all  human  likelihood  his  savage  pro- 
prietors would  have  backed  him,  the  next  week,  to  trot  100 
miles  in  eight  hours  and  a  half,  and  so  driven  him  to  death  any 
liow. 

It  is  to  be  wished  that  sporting  periodicals,  instead  of  herald- 
ing these  things  "  as  wonderful  performances,"  wliich  leads  un- 
thinking persons  to  regard  them  as  something  very  iinu  and 
worthy  of  imitation,  would  either  record  them  as  unsportsman- 
like acts  of  cruelty,  worthy  only  of  costermongers  and  the  low 
fancy,  or  let  them  go  wholly  unrecorded. 

I  omitted  above  to  mention,  in  its  proper  place,  the  extraor- 
dinary trot  of  Kemble  Jackson,  the  ch.  stallion,  whose  pedigree 
was  given  in  the  history  of  the  events  of  1852.     It  is  as  follows; 

Wednesday,  June  1.— I'urse  and  stake,  $4,000— tbree-nillo  heats— to  2501b.  wagons. 


II.  ■Woodruff's  ch.  li.  Kemble  Jackson, 
W.  S.  Abraham's  b.  g.  O'lUenls, 
J.  Nelson's  br.  m.  Boston  Girl, 
jf.  Jones's  b.  g.  Pot,     .  . 

0.  Brooks's  b.  m.  lola,       .  . 

G.  Spicer's  b.  g.  Honest  John,    . 


1  1 

2  2 
6  8 
8  4 
4  0 
0  6 


riBST  IIKAT. 

■nme— first  mile, 2.41 

"       second  "  ....  2.89i 

"       third      " 2.42< 


Total  tlnio, 


8.03 


SECOXO  HEAT. 

Time— first  mile, 2.41 

"      second" 9.89 

"       third    "        .        .  .       .  2.441 


Total  time, 


S.OH 


iSa 


f^'^m^^  •^:jt-?*s"3SSK'S«e;»»«p 


asm 


mmm 


MAC. 


219 


of  liisperform- 
)rd  usually,  in 

i  were  bled,  na 
ability  the  iiii- 
ines  out  of  ten, 
■llbrts  as  this; 

animal  was  so 
item  Cdllapsed, 
11  Bucli  a  case, 
ital  as  to  blow 
d  ale,  followed 
lents,  &c.,  &c., 

Nothing,  how- 
ither  as  ho  was 
,  would  it  have 
liis  savage  pro- 
ek,  to  trot  100 
m  to  death  any 

stead  of  herald- 
vliich  leads  iin- 
;  very  iiiie  and 
IS  unsportsman- 
ivs  and  the  low 

ice,  tlie  extraor- 
whose  pedigree 
It  is  as  follows ; 

0  250  lb.  wagons. 

1  1 

2  2 
6  8 

3  4 

4  6 
8  6 


HEAT. 


>(| 


2.41 
2.89 
2.44] 

8.041 


This  is,  thus  far,  tlie  best  time  on  record  at  tliree-mile  heats, 
as  was  Flora's,  recorded  above,  the  best  of  two-uiile  heats. 
Credit  enough  for  the  year  '53. 

Dnring  The  spring  of  1854,  Flora  did  not  appear  alter  Jan- 
,n,.v  31,  when  she  niet  Green  Mountain  Maid  at  ^ew  Orleans 
beinu  Bold  into  private  hands;  consequently  she  appeared  in  ai 
,„t  four   times  during   the  year,  not  being  in  training   unti 
October.     Of  her  four  races  she  won  three,  being  beaten  once 
bv  Green  Mountain  Maid,  which  she  paid  oft"  a  few  days  a  ter 
by  laving  her  out  in  two  straight  heats.     She  also  beat  Mac-, 
^vho  i.ad  forced  Tacony  to  his  terrible  time,  the  best  three  m 
live,  in  three  straight  heats,  also  Jack  Walters.     In  tact,  to  her 

this  vear  is  all  but  lost.  •  •       i'    e  ■*■ 

Tacony  did  himself  no  credit  th^    year;  receiving  iorte.t 

once  IVoin  Lantern,  and  getting  himself  beaten  twice  by  Grey 

Eddy  and  once  by  Mac.  . 

Mac  beat  Tacony  once,  and  Know-Nothing  twice,  of  wdiom 
,uore  anon.     He  was  himself  beaten  by  Lady  Flora  and  Grey 
Eddy,  who  trotted,  a  wonderfully  good  horse,  m  this,  his  first 
year,  winning  five  trots,  without  getting  beaten  once    agains 
such  horses  as  True  John ;  Tacony  twice ;  Mac ;  and  Highland 
Maid  twice.    There   was  a  great  deal   of  good   trotting    this 
season,  by  many  horses,  who,  in  a  few  years,  would  have  been 
considered   first-rate   animals  and  wonders  ;  but  tlv3  speed  of 
trotters  had  come  to  be  so  wonderfully  increased  since  1818, 
when  it  was  odds  against  any  horse  being  found  in  America  to 
do  his  mile  on  a  trot  within  three  minutes,  that  now  one  liardly 
looked  at  a  2.30  horse,  or  cared  to  record  time  slower  than  2.-7 
or  28  for  a  mile,  or  5.00  for  two  miles ;  such  was  the  progress  ot 
horseflesh  in  so  few  years. 

There  appeared,  however,  on  the  course,  two  or  three  new 
horses,  two  of  them  of  sufficient  note  to  deserve  more  than  a 

passing  notice. 

One  of  these,  it  is  believed,  had  trotted  a  year  or  two  ear- 
lier, but  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain,  owing  to  the  stumd  and 
dishonest  practice  of  changing  names-a  practice  which  1  am 
persuaded  arose  from  a  tricky  system  of  starting  tried  lioi-ses,in 
new  place8,as  untried  horses,  and  in  getting  bets  out  of  flats. 

The  horse  in  question,  one  of  the  best  to-day  on  the  tuH, 


220 


THE  HORSE. 


the  slapjnng  black  geldinw,  who  has  made  such  6])leiulid  con- 
tests with  Fk)ra  Temple,  trots  now  under  a  different  naiuo  tVoin 
that  which  ho  claimed  in  1853 ;  before  that  he  is  known  to  liave 
had  one  or  two  aliases,  lie  was  at  the  first  called  Black  Dun — 
Avhich  one  would  suppose  was  a  good  enough  name  for  any 
liorse,  man,  or  stioh — but  one  of  the  last  was  found,  who,  I  sup- 
pose, incapable  of  discerning  the  man  through  the  fogs  of  filthy 
politics,  Tiot  content  with  the  title  of  the  greatest  statesman  and 
man  of  his  day,  changed  it  to  the  two-penny  bye-word  Know- 
Nothing. 

Leaving  his  name  out  of  tlie  question,  however,  which  is  no 
business  of  mine — and  to  which  I  have  only  alluded  in  order  to 
explain  my  inability  to  fix  this  year  as  the  first,  second,  third, 
fourth,  or  any  other  given  number,  of  his  performance,  he  is  a 
right  good  horse.  His  name  was  last  year  Lancet,  perhaps  next 
year  it  Avill  be  Gouge,  or  Chisel,  there's  no  saying! 

Ivnow-Nothing,  then,  in  1854:  trotted  seven  or  eifjht  times ; 
for  I  have  some  doubts  whether  the  same  horse  has  not  trotted 
and  won  under  yet  other  names  on  otlier  courses. 

All  his  other  trots  werc!  made  at  Boston,  and  in  them  he 
beat  the  Black  Ilawk  maid  four  times,  and  Blue  Morgan  once. 
These  were  M'ell-tripd,  good  horses,  but  slow  as  the  times  go,  of 
the  Morgan  stock,  n  y  getting  below  the  40s.,  or  the  top  of 
the  30s.  His  best  time  in  any  of  these  matches  was  2.36; 
2.36  ;  2.37  ;  which  is  nothing  ro  brag  of.  He  was  beaten  twice 
by  Mac,  and  put  him  up  to  2.35  ;  2.32,  and  2.38  ;  2.31:,  to  win ; 
60  tlijit  he  rather  gained  than  lost  by  his  defeats. 

Black  Dan,  Know-Nothing,  or  Lancet,  as  he  is  to  be  hence- 
forth called,  was  got  by  the  Bridport,  or  Hill's  Black  Hawk, 
commonly  known  as  Vermont  Black  Hawk,  in  order  to  distin- 
guished him  from  Long  Island  Black  Hawk,  the  son  of  Bashaw. 
Hill's  Black  Hawk  was  by  Sherman,  son  of  the  Justin  Morgan, 
out  of  an  English  mare,  reported  to  be  half-bred.  Lancet's 
dam  is  "  Old  Squaw '" — a  mare  said  to  have  some  English  blood, 
and  supposed  to  be  got  by  an  imported  horse  called  Lee  Boo,  in 
Canada. 

The  other  great  event  of  this  year,  however,  was  the  debut 
of  the  magnificent  pacing  mare  Pocahontas,  one  of  the  most 
superb,  and,  to  use  a  word  well  applied  by  a  eulogist  to  that 


POCAIIONTAB. 


331 


Iplemlia  con. 

|"t  iiaiuo  from 
j)<>\vii  to  have 
jlilatk  JJaii— 
(aiiiG  ibr  any 
|>  who,  I  s„p. 

JfogS  of  filthy 

(tatt'siiian  ami 
pvord  Know- 

K  wliich  18  no 
I'J  in  order  to 

pecond,  tliird, 
Jiance,  he  is  a 
[porliaps  next 

tyjht  times ; 
IS  not  trotted 

in  them  he 
Morgan  once. 

times  go,  of 
^r  tlio  top  of 
?s  was  2.36; 
beaten  twice 
^•3i,  to  win ; 

to  be  henee- 
ilack  Hawk, 
ler  to  distin- 
I  of  Bashaw, 
tin  Morgan, 
I.  Lancet's 
iglisli  blood, 
Lee  Boo,  in 

1  the  debut 
'f  the  most 
;i8t  to  that 


noblo  horse  Grey  Eagle — most  aumjdiiom  animal,  as  well  as  the 
fastest  of  the  day. 

Pocahontas  is  a  rich  chestnut  mare,  nearly  sixteen  hands  in 
height,  with  a  superb  crest,  and  the  highest  and  tliiiiuest  withers 
I  have  peen  in  America.  She  was  I'oaled  in  1840,  and  was  con- 
sequently eight  years  old  at  the  time  of  her  matches,  which 
came  off  at  New  Orleans. 

She  is,  as  her  appearance  shows,  very  highly  bred.  She 
was  got  by  a  thorouglibred  horse,  well  known  in  OJiio,  and  fa- 
mous as  a  getter  of  tino  and  fast  road  stock,  under  the  name  of 
Iron's  Cadmus,  by  Cadmus — a  chestnut  horse  by  American 
Eclipse,  dam  Dii  Vernon  by  Ball's  Florizel,  g.  d.  by  Ogle's 
Oscar,  gd.  by  Hero,  &c. 

]5all's  Florizel  was  by  imported  Diomed,  by  the  famous 
Florizel,  out  of  sister  to  Juno  by  Spectator,  gd.  by  Blank,  g.  gd, 
by  Childers'  g.  g.  gd.  Miss  Belvoir,  by  Grey  Grantham,  &c.  &c. 
Medley,  gd.  Penelope  by  Yorick,  gd.  by  old  lianter,  g.  gd.  by 
Gift,  &c. 

Hero  was  by  old  Yorick,  d.  by  Careless,  &c. 

It  is  useless  to  pursue  this  pedigree  farthei.,  aa  it  is  one  of 
the  clearest  and  best  in  America,  all  the  horses  named  being  of 
undoubted  blood.  Cadmus,  it  is  said,  was  sixteen  hands  high 
and  well  proportioned. 

The  mother  of  Pocahontas  was  a  bay  mare  fifteen  and  a 
half  hands  high,  well  put  up,  with  powerful  muscles,  and  a 
natural  trotter. 

She  was  got  by  imp.  Shakspere ;  he  by  Smolensko,  out  of 
Charming  Molly,  by  Rubens,  &c. 

The  grand-dam  of  Pocahontas  was  a  good  road  marc,  her 
pedigree  unknown.  I  am  indebted  for  these  particulars  to  my 
friend  Dr.  J.  S.  Unzicker,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  who  procured 
them  from  the  gentleman  who  first  purchased  her  out  of  a 
team,  struck  by  her  show  and  style. 

Slie  is,  it  will  be  perceived,  certainly  three  parts  of  pure 
blood,  and  of  such  blood  as  is  in  but  few  race-horees'  veins,  Ame- 
rican Eclipse,  Sir  Archy,  Herod,  Smolensko,  Sorcerer,  the  Godol- 
phiu.    I  am  happy  to  present  my  readers  with  a  fine  portrait  of 


222 


THK   II0K8E. 


this  n()l)lc  animal  during  her  great  inatcli  with  Hero,  from  tho 
pencil  of  Manror,  ai'd  tlie  l»urin  of  Iliiihliolwood. 

Slio  went  tlu-oc  times,  a  niatcli  and  two  purses,  in  1S54 ;  all 
of  which  bho  won,  at  New  Orleans,  against  tho  roan  gelding 
Silvertail  twice;  Tvcumseh  and  Dolly  Spanker,  the  last  in 
2.20 ;  2.25  ;  2.2(1 ;  adniiral)lc  time,  which  she  was,  however, 
herself  to  outdo  thereaiter, 

Tliero  were  two  twenty,  and  one  ten-mile  matches  in  har- 
ness, hut  with  no  notahle  result,  no  great  time  made,  and  no 
horses,  I  helieve,  hutchercd. 

In  1855,  Flora  Temple  went  eight  times,  and  received  forfeit 
once.  She  heat  Know-Nothing,  Sontag,  Lady  Franklin,  Chi- 
cago Jack,  and  Mac,  and  Hero  tho  pacer,  once  each.  Frank 
Forester  twice.  She  was  heaten  once  hy  Sontag,  in  three 
straight  heats,  in  2.31;  2.33;  2.35.  Sufficient  proof,  say  her 
friends,  that  she  was  amiss.  That  does  not,  howevei,  follow, 
for,  without  heing  amiss,  horses,  and  mares,  yet  more  often,  will 
go  hetter  one  time  than  another,  lliere  is  no  douht,  however, 
that  she  was  the  hotter  mare,  though  not  on  that  day,  and  that 
she  coidd  make  hetter  time.  She  soon  afterward  beat  Sontag 
easily  enough. 

Know-Nothing  did  not  shine  this  year.  He  won  three 
times;  against  the  mare  of  2.22,  myth,  Tib  Hinman,  who  camo 
very  short,  on  this  occasion,  of  doing  that  or  any  other  decent 
time,  not  being  able  to  put  Know-Nothing  to  a  better  pace  than 
2.41 ;  2.43i ;  ii.±2|;  2.49 ;  against  Sag  Nicht,  half  a  mile  ;  and 
against  Tacony,  who  only  got  him  up  to  2.38. 

He  was  beaten  twice  by  Chicago  Jack,  of  whom  more  anon ; 
on<;o  by  Flora  Temple;  once  by  Paddy  Gill,  and  once  by  Tib 
Hinman. 

Tacony  was  out  five  times,  won  twice  of  Mac,  and  Belle  of 
Saratoga,  rtcievcd  forfeit  from  Sontag,  and  was  beaten  by 
Belle  of  Saratoga,  and  Frank  Forester— best  time  2.30^. 

Chicago  Jack  did  capital  work  for  a  new  beginner,  in  his 
second  year  only ;  he  won  five  times,  beating  Know-Nothing 
twice,  the  second  in2.27i;  2.29;  2.27^;  2.30;  also  Murdoclf, 
Belle  of  Saratoga,  and  Lady  Litchfield.  He  was  beaten  four 
times  by  Belle  of  Saratoga,  a  good  mare.  Flora  Temple,  in 
company  with  Mac,  over  whom  be  came  in  second  ;  and  twice 


and 


TIB  nmMAN'fl  TIME. 


223 


bj  U.ly  FrnnWin,  a  very  oxccll..,..,  l,«..o»t  mare,  ,m\  a  winner, 

tl.ia  tuman,  of  six  iiureoB. 

A_  iriTat  maiiytlwr  licrs™  .li.l  oxc.OU-iit  »..il>  this  joai 
a„li.Tn  ..,-'■  tir..-ra,c.,  al.l,...«l.  a  few  yea,,  a,,.  ,1  wouM 

■n,e  mare  Tib  Ilimiia"  ""'»»  '»"  '"'  ("rjiMtiiu    Sli.   i»  «a 

do,,:  i,:;i::«e..is ,  ,»ieo  a  ^^ -^•■■- ,,;';;v'r.''^'^T  s 

'^ittav:  ai!;«raamiraU„l,  io„/ ad  iibi, -  "o  o.o 

^""ti','"::;  ;;'t:',:l.  ice  ,■.,.  ^soo,  ,1.  i,e.t  .,,..0  i„  ««,»„„ 

>     T       lim    n  i,.  tl..ee  lieat..    In  tlio  heat  done  at  2.22  no 
^  1  .  Hvc  1   rL  ,va.  diBtaneed  I    Tin.,  cf  course,  alone, 

::::,: :  ^^.  •n.c  -econd  ..at  2  27,  .m-eo  ...0  d,.. 

.r„!:B':n;::in",,e  lU.,Btcr  ...o,..  0.0,^^^^^^^^^^^ 

""'Tltoll'ls  real  time,  ,vMcl,  Til,  made  afterward, ,l,ow, 
pre»J  exclusively  wl,at  sort  of  tiu.ing  waB  UBcd  on  the  .o«. 

"e=i*v;,!t:i"i;-"^^^ 

Chatauquo  Chief,  •  •  • 

Eclnilcer, 

Tib  lUnman,      .•••"' 

BlacUKalph,  _.^^^^^-^^_  ^;^.  ^■^,  ^^.  4^45. 

Same  course,  August  25,  she  was  again  beat  by  Chatauquo 
time  matches  this  year. 


2  a  1  1  t 

112  8  2 

8    8    8  2  B 

4    4    4  4  4 


224 


THE   H0R8K. 


FiiMt,  the  i;li.  g.  Trustee  Senior  niul  Spnn^lo  trotted  twenty 
miles ;  the  wiiuier  in  lli.  f)ni.  5%. ;  the  loser  in  lii.  (ini.  ^s. 

Then  tiie  HUiue  horee,  Spanj,'lo.  was  haeked  to  do  tit'ty  miles 
in  fowr  hours,  wa^^on  and  driver  to  weigh  400  lbs.  which  ho 
won,  doing  the  distance  in  3h.  5J)m.  148. 

One  luonth  alter  this,  the  same  horses,  Trustee  Senior,  and 
Si)angle,  went  ten  miles,  as  before,  to  wagons,  which  was  dono 
a  little  over  the  half  liour,  in  30m.  29^8. 

On  the  'J4th  of  May,  with  a  fatuity  inconceivable,  if  only 
in  a  pecuniary  view,  with  so  valuable  an  aninud  at  stake.  Flora 
Temple  was  started  to  do  twenty  miles  within  the  hour.  What 
follows  I  quote  from  the  Turf  Tlegister  of  the  year; — "In  the 
eighth  round  she  cast  a  shoe,  and  cut  herself  rather  severely,  and 
from  this  out  her  speed  began  to  decrease,  until  the  close  of  the 
twelfth  mile,  when  her  backers,  seeivg  she  had  not  a  chance, 
withdrew  her  and  gave  up  the  match!  " 

This  needs  no  comment.  The  agony  of  the  wounded  animal, 
whoso  speed  began  to  decrease  from  the  moment  of  the  mutila- 
tion, had  no  effect  on  the  flinty  liearts  of  the  backers,  imtil  thoy 
saw  that  she  had  not  a  chance.  If  she  had  had  a  chance,  on  she 
must  have  gone.  If  she  could  have  won,  alio  would  have  been 
made  to  win — lame  or  sound — live  or  die !  Though  ono 
would  have  thought  that  Flora  Temple's  life,  if  insured  against 
such  wanton  risks  as  this,  was  worth  more  than  five  thousand 
dollare. 

A  few  days  after  this,  July  12th,  Lady  Fulton  was  backed  to 
perform  the  same  match,  and  won  it,  doing  the  twenty  miles  in 
59m.  558.* 

This  mare  and  Trustee,  the  son  of  thoroughbred  Trustee  and 
Fanny  Pullen — who  must  not  be  confounded  with  the  Trustee 
Senior,  mentioned  above,  also,  I  believe,  by  the  same  sire — are 
the  only  two  animals  who  have  accomplished  this  prodigious 
effort. 

It  ought  never,  again,  to  be  attempted.  It  is  a  mere  matter 
of  physical  endurance.  A  mere  trial  of  what  a  horse  can  do 
without  dying.  Tliere  are  hundreds  of  horses  who  can  do  the 
pace  for  a  distance,  and  who  will  stay  the  distance  as  long 
as  they  can,  and  that  their  owners  know.  The  only  question  is 
what  distance  can  they  stay,  without  death  ensuing.  It  is  enough 

»  See  Note  1,  p.  228. 


TMIUULK-TK.VM    MATCH. 


9M, 


twenty 
U 
if'ty  iiiilc'H 
wliicli  Jio 

"ior,  and 
was  dono 

',  if  only 

0,  Flom 

What 

-"In  tlio 

I'oly,  and 

)8e  of  tho 

chance, 

d  animal, 
10  miitila- 
intil  they 
CO,  on  sbo 
mve  been 
>ugh  ono 
d  against 
thousand 

backed  to 
'  miles  in 

ustee  and 
i  Trustee 
sire — are 
rodigioHs 

re  matter 
3  can  do 
a  do  the 
I  as  long 
lestion  is 
8  enough 


to  say  that  for  every  one  horse  wh(»  does  it  and  lives,  twenty  will 
die  in  doing  it,  and  im  many  more,  after  it  in  done. 

Su(;h  trials  can  »u>ower  no  jturj»ose  whatever,  and  ought  to 
be  discountenanced  by  all  true  siiortsmen  and  lovers  of  the  horse, 
and — in  my  opinion — to  be  declared  a  high  misdemeanor  at 
law. 

There  was  also  this  year  a  fine  double-team  match,  between 
Lantern  and  Whalebone,  bay  and  chestnut  geldings ;  and  Alice 
Gray  and  Stella,  gray  and  black  mares;  mile  heats,  over  the  Union 
Course,  June  Stli. 

Tho  horses  were  driven  by  (Icoi^^-e  Spicer,  the  mares  by  Hi- 
ram Wood rutl— time,  2.40.;.— 2  12. 

An  exceedingly  spirited  engraving  by  Mr.  R.  Ilinshelwood, 
from  the  design  of  Mr.  L.  Maurer,  representing  the  start,  will 
be  found  in  this  volume. 

The  great  feat,  however,  of  this  season,  which  I  have  saved 
to  the  last,  in  order  that,  like  the  autumn  forest  of  America,  it 
may  die  in  a  blaze  of  glory,  is  *lio  pacing  match  of  Pocahontas, 
the  mare  described  above,  and  Hero,  whom  she  distanced  in  the 
first  hear,  to  wagons,  wagon  and  driver  to  weigh  265  lbs.,  in 
the  unparalleled  time  of  2.17.* 

Tlie  year  1856  was  distinguished  on  the  trotting  turf,  chiefly 
by  the  contests  of  Flora  and  Lancet,  on  whom  was  concentrated, 
especially,  the  interest  of  tho  season,  although  there  was  much 
excellent  trotting,  and  an  increase,  both  in  the  number  of  horses 
and  of  places  devoted  to  this  popular  amusement,  fully  equal 
to  that  of  the  preceding  year. 

To  show  how  great  that  increase  has  been,  it  will  be 
enough  to  mention,  that,  whereas  in  1845  the  Turf  Register  con- 
tains fourteen  pages  of  trotting  records,  in  large  type,  averaging 
about  eight  trots  to  the  page,  this,  for  1866,  contains  36  pages, 
averaging  twelve  trots — these  of  course  only  regular  contests  for 
purses  or  matches  on  well-known  public  courses  ;  that,  whereas 
in  1845  the  whole  number  of  trotting  horses  which  started, 
named  and  unnamed,  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  were  but 
137,  of  whom  55  were  winners  ;  in  1856  there  started  610  horses, 
named  and  uiwiamed,  of  whom  259  won  prizes  of  some  sort 
— and,  lastly,  that  whereas,  in  1845,  there  were  sixteen  places  of 
sport  in  all  the  United  States  and  Canada,  there  were  sixty-four 


*  See  Note  2,  p.  228. 


Vol.  II.— 16 


na 


TIIK    HORSE. 


in  1850,  fliurt  tlislrihnti'd  ;— in  New  York,  twonty-ono  ;  Caniula, 
iiix  ;  Wii<t'nii«iii,  six;  Calit'ciiiin,  four;  Oliio,  four  ;  Miihsacliii- 
it'ttH,  tlnvc;  Kentucky,  N*'\v  Iliini|mliiro,  PiMitiHylvanin,  War' 
nioiit  anil  Virj^iiiia,  oacli  two;  and  Alabama,  ('oinu'cticut,  Illi- 
noin,  IiiWM,  Lniiit,iana,  Miclii^an,  Miniicsofa,  New  .h'lvcy,  Illindo 
Ihlaml,  and  Tfiim'hHcc',  cacli  one.  Tlicri!  in,  1  ludiiivu,  alho  a  trot- 
tin^  (Miui'rtfl  nt  Hangor,  in  Maine,  altliongii  no  report,  ot*  it  lias 
f'oniiil  itH  way  into  the  KejjjiHter. 

'riie  al)ove  hunnnary  will  werve  alsotoHJiow  in  wliat  portions 
of  the  United  States  trotting  in  taking  the  greati-st  hold  on  tlio 
popular  taste;  in  the  far  West,  nuiiidy,  unl  California,  next  to 
New  York, and  in  Canada  scarcely  less  than  in  the  States,  whore 
it  is  most  j)opnlar. 

Ueside  the  regidar  courses,  it  has  also  become  a  feature  in 
most  of  the  Agrieultnral  Societies  to  have  a  trotting  track  in 
connccfion  with  their  exhibitions,  and  on  several  of  them  purses 
have  been  given  to  the  fastest,  as  well  as  to  the  finest  ani- 
mals. 

Flora  Temple  started  this  year  eleven  times.  She  won  nine 
purses  ar.d  tune  nnitchos,  beating  Jiancet  four  times  in  harness, 
her  best  time  against  him— 'i.at  1^—2.30— 2.29  ; — ^Tacoiiy  three 
times  in  harness,  against  his  saddle,  distancing  him  the  last 
match  in  the  uneipialled  time  of  2.24J,  Chicago  Jack,  in 
harness  against  his  saddle ;  and  Ethan  Allen,  wlio  was  be- 
lieved to  be  the  fastest  bit  of  horse-flesh  going,  and  able  to 
take  down  any  thing — at  least  by  his  owiierr,  and  by  Eastern 
sportsmen  generally,  with  the  greatest  possible  ease,  at  the  Agri- 
cultural Fair  at  Boston,  in  2.32^ — 2.36^. 

On  the  other  hand,  she  was  twice  beaten  by  Lancet,  he  going 
under  the  saddle,  she  in  harness,  in  2.28 — 2.28 — 2.2t5i;  and  the 
second  time  in  2.29—2.29—2.30. 

This  last  was  considered  by  many  persons  to  be  the  mare's 
greatest  performance,  as  the  course  was  very  deep  in  mud, 
and  the  match  was  done  in  the  teeth  of  a  gale  of  wind 
and  torrents  of  rain,  to  face  which  was  in  itself  deemed  an 
achievement. 

Lancet  started  ten  times  ;  six  times  as  Lancet,  five  as  Know- 
Nothing ; — a  shuffling  absurdity  this  change  of  names,  which 
cannot  be  too  strongly  reprobated  I 


TAOONT. 


197 


Ml  ill,  \\,f. 
liiMK,  III,-. 
T.  lilnnlo 

|Ih(>  II  ti-iif,- 

"'"  it  liag 

f  I"'Hi(i(is 
'III  on  tilt) 

111,  lll'Xf,    to 

Ic8,  whore 

r<atiir('  in 
rack  in 
''111  piirsca 
iiU'Ht  aiii- 

woii  nine 
II  liariK'su, 
•  iiiv  tliroe 
I  tho   last 

Juck,  in 
0  wa8  he- 
<1  able  to 
y  Eastern 
the  Agri- 

,  he  going 
;  and  tlie 

be  mare's 

in  mud, 

of  wind 

3med  UD 

18  Know- 
!8,  which 


As  Lanrf  t  he  won  twice  <»t'  FIr>ra  Toinplo,  and  wan  dofcatfd 
by  Imt  t'lMir  fimcM,  iik  aln>vt>.  I^kKt  the  iianu'  nf  Kiiuw-Nnih- 
ing  hi'  won  fwict',  lu'iitiiig  Chiciigo  Jack  and  Nelly,  and  two 
othcrH,  and  was  licatcn  twi«"c  l»y  Chicago  Jack. 

lie  in  n  tine  Hlahhing  lilii'.'k  gelding,  though  in  past  years  l.o 
has  liecii  ri'iiorted  us  a  lirowii,  and  is  well  hied.  fJood  sporl  in 
expected  of  him  the  coming  summer,  as  it  is  l)elieved  that,  like 
Tacony,  he  will  make  an  effort  to  retrieve  his  laurels  (»f  tho 
mare. 

Tacony  started  six  times,  l»nt  with  little  snoeesH,  winning 
twice  only,  against  Chicago  ami  Zii<;iiary  Taylor,  and  losing  four 
times,  to  I'loia  thrice,  anti  oiiccs  to  Lady  Moscow;  still  he  con- 
not  he  said  to  have  lost  caste  or  to  have  shown  himself  other  than 
a  good  horse,  since  he  wau  beaten  only  by  animals  of  the  highest 
character. 

Chicago  Jack,  Lantern  and  Lady  Moscow,  the  latter  a  most 
Htanch  and  honest  mare  or  the  turf,  now  in  her  tenth  season  on 
the  trotting  course,  all  diHtinguished  themselves,  and  did  good 
work. 

Tib  Hininan,  the  mare,  concerning  whom  the  prodigious 
Btory  was  circulated  in  1855,  about  the  trot  on  the  ice  at  Og- 
densburgh,  in  2.22,  trotted  creditably  this  year,  winning  five 
times  out  of  seven  trots  for  which  she  started,  but  against  no 
first-rate  horses,  except  Lady  Moscow,  and  in  no  time  which 
gives  the  smallest  reason  for  believing  that  she  ever  went  with- 
in eight  or  ten  seconds  of  that  rate,  her  best  race  this  season 
being  2.32—2.31—2.32—2.34—2.30  against  Miller's  Damsel. 

There  were  three  ten-mile  matches  this  season,  by  Cincinnati 
against  McComb's  double  team  in  41.50.  Duchess  against 
Boston  Girl  'and  Racker  in  29.17,  and  Gipsey  Queen  against 
Olive  Rose,  in  31.05.  One  match  to  go  six  miles  and  one 
hundred  and  fifty-two  rods — ciglit  hundred  and  thirty-six  yards 
— with  two  men  weighing  three  hundred  and  sixty  pounds,  in  a 
sleigh,  in  twenty-five  minutes — was  won  by  Nelly  Bly  in 
23.08  ;  and  two  five-mile  matches  were  won  by  Jessie  Fremont 
against  James  Buchanan — a  curious  collocation  of  names! — in 
16.15 — and  by  a  bay  mare  of  D.  Pifer's  against  Hiram  Wood- 
ruff's black  horse,  in  18.30. 

As  I  do  not  propose  to  attempt  any  notice  of  the  early  trots 


I 

I 


238 


THE  HORSE. 


of  this  present  season,  since  it  will  not  be  possible  lo  do  more 
than  commence  the  subject,  I  shall  close  this  brief  and  necessarily 
incomplete  sketch  of  the  origin,  rise,  and  present  condition  of 
the  Trotting  Turf  of  America,  with  a  memoir  up  to  the  present 
date  of  Flora  Temple,  with  so  mnch  of  her  pedigree  as  is  attain- 
able, her  performances,  and  a  description  of  her  appearance,  to- 
gether with  the  pedigrees  of  one  or  two  trotting  horses  which 
are  distinctly  ascertained. 


EDITOniAL  NOTES. 

'  (P.  224.)  Capt.  McQowan  trotted  to  harness,  Oct.  18th,  1865,  on  a  half-mile, 
at  Boston,  twenty  miles  in  58.25. 

John  Stewart  trotted  to  wagon,  twenty  miles,  on  Fashion  Course,  Sept.  32d, 
1868,  in  59.23. 

•  (P.  235.)  Billy  Boyce,  under  saddle,  at  Buffalo,  August  1, 1868,  paced  in 
8.81i— a.l5i— 3.14i— 2.20^.    Rollo  Golduflt,  a  trotter,  won  the  first  heat. 


do  more 
iGcessarily 
idition  of 
10  present 
i  is  uttain- 
iraiice,  to- 
•868  whifih 


a  a  half-mile, 

Be,  Sept.  22d, 

168,  paced  In 
heat. 


MEMOIR 

OF    FLORA    TEMPLE. 
HKE  PKBIOBKK,   OH  .K.0TKKI8TI08.   A.D   PEE.OB  M.NOES. 

as  a  "  strong,  re.tlesB,  fast-trotting  ^«'-^^«'    ;;:7land--without 

*  See  Note  1,  p.  339, 


230 


THE   HORSE. 


swearers  to  this  notable  pedigree  had  not  a  conception  what  an 
Arabian  stallion  is.  Therefore,  they  stand  acquitted  here  of 
fraud. 

All  that  appears  tangibly  thnsfar,  on  the  side  of  Flora's  dam, 
is  this — that  she  was  got  by  a  spotted  trotting  stallion,  about 
whom  nothing  is  known,  but  who  is  said  by  common  rumor  to 
be  the  son  of  some  Arabian  or  other,  out  of  a  Long  Island  com- 
mon mare.  Flora's  grandam  is  not  pretended  to  be  other  than 
a  common  country  mare. 

"When  we  come,  however,  to  the  father's  side,  we  find  a 
pedigree  cooked  up  alternately  out  of  the  American  and  Eng- 
lish stud-books,  displaying  a  mixture  of  ignorance  and  cunning 
rarely  to  be  paralleled,  and,  with  scarcely  a  step  right  from 
beginning  to  end,  either  in  the  American  or  English  portions. 
Ignorance  alone  could  not  have  done  this,  for  by  no  natural 
blundering  could  such  a  mass  of  heterogeneous  blunders  have 
been  brought  abmit. 

So  strange  is  the  labyrinth,  that  even  the  practised  eye  of 
that  admirable  sporting  writer  "  Observer,"  misled,  perhaps,  by 
a  couple  of  false  prints  in  the  columns  of  the  Spirit,  although  he 
B&w  at  a  glance  that  the  pedigree  is  false  and  worthless,  failed  to 
detect  the  forgery  or  find  the  clue. 

It  runs  thus, — 

Flora's  sire  was  "  One-eyed  Kentucky  Hunter,"  his  dam,  a 
chestnut  Sir  Henry  mare,  was  brought  from  Kentucky  to  East 
Hartford,  Oneida  County,  N.  Y.,  where  Kentucky  Hunter  was 
foaled."  He  was  the  son  of  "  Old  Kentucky  Hunter."  "  Old 
Kentucky  Hunter  was  got  by  Old  Highlander,  out  of  Col.  Tall- 
madge's  full-bred  mare,  Nancy  Dawson,"  no  sire  given — "grand 
dam  Dido,  who  was  got  by  the  full-bred  horse  King  Fergus, 
from  a  full-bred  mare  of  Sir  Peter  Teazle." 

Note  here,  that  out  of  seven  Nancy  Dawsons  in  the  Ame- 
rican Stud-book — Edgar's — not  one  is  out  of  Dido — that  out  ot 
five  Didos  in  the  American  Stud-books,  not  one  is  by  King 
Fergus,  or  out  of  a  Sir  Peter  Teazle  mare. 

Note,  also,  that  the  only  American  horse.  King  Fergus,  by 
Hyazim,  out  of  Virgin,  was  not  foaled  until  1833,  and  therefore 
could  not  by  any  earthly  means  have  been  the  g.  g.  g.  grand 
sire  of  a  mare  foaled  as  Flora  was,  in  1846. 


'Sutmf"  """ 


FLORA  temple's   PEDIGREE. 


231 


n  what  an 
ed  here  of 

lora'sdam, 
lion,  about 
1  rumor  to 
dand  coin- 
other  than 

we  find  a 
L  and  Eng- 
id  cunning 
right  from 
li  portions, 
no  natural 
iders  have 

sed  eye  of 
erhaps,  by 
Ithough  he 
J8,  failed  to 


his  dam,  a 
iky  to  East 
iunter  was 
r."  "  Old 
'  Col  Tall- 
ti — "  grand 
Qg  Fergus, 

the  Arae- 
that  out  ot 
s  by  King 

Fergus,  by 
d  therefore 

•  S-  S^^^^ 


^:Z^.  *e  ,U.e  of  K.n-.y  Hunte.  w,.|ot  by 

vMUVa^'—rnhm-mtior  Blank.        ±118  uam  ujr 
Paymaster,  son  ot  Blake   — mispnm  »^        ^^r  "—another 

by  Wildair!!"  i,i.„„ip,.    is  bv  Old  Sharke, 

The  only  American  horse,  Highlandei,  is  oy  w 

ArSbian,  g.  g.  gi  ciam  "^ *! '7,,^;'p^'ralr  ne,er  came  to 
Jl^^Zl^  irHV-  0.  o.  Na„c. 

false  pedigree  """""»'=*''=• 'VwUrAmerioan  blood,  a.  King 
b„r«.  k„o»„  .0  be  »n-.  a  wuh  ^"^  _,  ,^^,  ;„  '^^,,,^ 

S-^J;;-:!';:^;  «- ";iout  of...euee,and  iadefi. 

t^-rb^rroi^'^L^^^^^^^^^ ». .  e.po,.g  ^^ 
::::c»rb:X  ra.t-e?e„.g «» a..  ^«- 

"Itay  add  4at  there  wa,  a  4.e  gray  English  horse,  High- 


232 


THE   HOBSB. 


lander,  hy  Bourdeaux,  dain  Tetotum,  by  Mutclieni,  g.  g.  dam 
Lady  Bolinghroke,  by  Squirrel,  &c.,  imported,  as  it  is  stated  in  a 
MS.  note  to  Mr.  C.  IT.  Hall's  stud-book,  by  an  English  gentle- 
man, Mr.  Harriot,  who  lived  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  kept  him 
there,  whore  he  got  good  stock.  This  horse  conld  not,  however, 
easily  have  hf.d  to  do  with  Kentucky  Hunter. 

All,  therefore,  that  we  arrive  at  is  tliiB,  that  a  horse  called 
Kentucky  Hunter  was  brought  from  that  State  to  Oneida  Co., 
N.Y.,  v,'ith  an  absurd,  forged  pedigree — foritis  not  to  be  supposed 
that  t'  witnesses,  who  have  stii  idly  mixed  themselves  up  in 
ihe  nuitter, 'ire  either  parties  ii:,  ^r  guilty  of  the  forgery— that 
nothing  whatever  being  even  conjecturable  concerning  his 
pedigree,  he  got  One-eyed  Kentucky  Hunter  out  of  a  mare, 
mid  to  be  by  Sir  Henry,  her  dam  not  described. 

Tills  One-eyed  Kentucky  Hunter  got  Flora  Temple  in  1845, 
out  of  a  clever,  well-formed,  fast-trotting^are,  M  .ame  Temple, 
who,  in  her  turn,  was  got  by  a  horse  concerning  whom  nothing 
at  all  it,  known,  except  that  he  was  not  what  he  is  called,  an 
Arabian,  out  of  a  country  mare. 

Divested  of  all  mystery  and  falsification,  nothing  is  known 
whatever  about  the  mare's — Flora  Temple — pedigree,  beyond  her 
sire  and  her  dam. 

It  is  most  probable  that  the  sire  had  somehlood — what  blood 
no  one  can  conjecture — both  from  the  region  whence  he  came, 
Kentucky,  long   noted  as   a  race-horse  region,  and  from  the 
.  character  of  his  stock,  which  certainly  show  blood. 

It  is  possible  that  Madame  Temple  may  have  had  blood 
also,  but  that  is  far  more  doubtful ;  and  the  fact  of  the  horsp. 
called  an  Arabian  being  spotted  is  against  it.  Spotting,  unless 
it  be  red  on  a  white  ground,  or  black  on  a  deep  gray,  is  not  an 
Arabian  mark.  White  spotting  on  a  bay  ground  is  a  Hano- 
verian or  Holstein  mark  ;  and  twenty  years,  or  a  little  longer 
ago,  the  country  was  full  of  bay  horses,  white-spotted  across 
the  loins  and  quarters,  of  a  very  indifferent  sort. 

The  truth  is,  that  the  question  matters  not,  whichever  way  it 
is  settled. 

As  "  Observer  "  has  well  observed.  Flora  Temple's  "  merit 
rises  above  blood." 

With  trotters  it  is  not  as  it  is  with  thoroughbreds,  in  whom 
it  is  a  blot  ineradicable  to  have  a  drop  of  false  blood — and  a  blot, 


I  g.  dam 

jitcd  in  a 
(i  gentle- 
jq  t  liini 
liowevei', 

80  called 
[ida  Co., 
piil)posed 
jes  up  in 
|iy— that 
Jiing  his 
a  mare, 

in  1845, 
Temple, 
nothing 
illed,  an 

8  known 
yond  her 

lat  blood 
16  came, 
from  the 

d  blood 
he  horpp, 
r,  unless 
I  not  an 
a  Hano- 
•  longer 
across 

p  way  it 

"  merit 

whom 
a  blot, 


FLORA'C   FIRST   MATCH. 


233 


too,  which  is  sure  to  crop  out,  as  the  goologists  say  of  strata, 
somewhce,  at  some  time  or  other,  to  the  detriment  of  the  per- 
formance and  pluck  of  the  progeny. 

It  is  adiuitted  that  the  excellence  of  trotters  is  sui  generis^ 
and  depends  on  no  strain  of  blood  ;  and  the  search  for  their 
pedigrees  is  more  a  nuitter  of  curiosity  than  of  practical  use. 

The  above,  then,  is  all  that  can  be  ascertained  now,  probably 
that  ever  will  be  ascertained,  concerned  Flora's  pedigree. 

She  was  got  by  One-eyed  Kentr.cky  Hunter — who  almost 
certainly  had  sonie  good  Kentucky  thorough  blood  in  his  veins, 
but  for  regarJing  whoin  as  a  thoroughbred  there  are  no  grounds 
whatever — out  of  a  mare,  Madame  Temple,  who  might  or  might 
not — the  chances  rather  inclining  to  the  not — have  had  some 
good  blood. 

Flora  was  foaled  in  1845,  the  property  of  a  Mr.  Loomis,  of 
Sangeriield,  Oneida  county,  New  York.  She  passed,  while 
quite  young,  through  several  hands,  and  was  at  length  sold  to 
Messrs.  Richardson  &  Kellogg,  of  Eaton,  Madison  co.,  N.  York, 
who  worked  her  at  livery. 

In  the  month  of  June,  1850,  one  of  her  owners  taking  a 
drove  of  cattle  to  New  York,  carried  Flora  with  him,  and  on 
his  way  disposed  of  her  for  the  sum  of  $175,  to  Mr.  Velie,  of 
Washington  county,  New  York,  who  shortly  afterward  trans- 
ferred her  for  double  that  sum  to  Mr.  Geo.  E.  Perrin,  of  the 
city  of  New  York,  by  whom  she  was  constantly  driven  on  the 
roads  iii  the  neighborhood  of  the  city,  and  tried  against  the  fast 
horses  which  are  continually  taking  the  air  on  the  avenues,  un- 
til he  became  well  satisfied  that  he  was  the  owner  of  something 
a  little  above  the  common.  j 

Her  first  trial  on  a  course  was  a  match  made  between  her 
and  a  fine  horse  known  as  Vanderburgh's  gray  stallion,  for  $500 
a  side,  mile  heats,  the  stallion  to  go  to  a  250  pounds  wagon,  the 
mare  in  harness. 

It  came  off  on  Union  Course,  L.  I.,  and  was  won  easily  in 
three  heats  by  the  mare,  in  very  handsome  style. 

Tliis  match  was  iiot  registered,  and  I  record  it  on  the  autho- 
rity of  a  very  clever  and  agreeably-written  series  of  papers  en- 
titled "  Flora  Temple  ,  written  in  one  of  our  office  arm-chairs," 
published  in  Porter's  Spirit  of  the  Times,  and  understood  to  be 
from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Geo.  Wilkee. 


234 


THE   H0R8B, 


Flora  Temple  is  a  l)lood-bay  mare,  with  black  legs,  mane, 
and  tail,  and  no  white  marks.  She  stands  only  fourteen  hands 
two  inches  hifi;li,  l)\it  has  enormous  power,  combined  with  great 
lightnesB.  She  has  a  good,  bloodlike  head,  broad  between  the 
eyes,  with  a  little  of  the  Arab  Ijasin-face  formation.  A  pecu- 
liarly long,  sloping  shoulder,  and  a  set  of  legs  and  feet  which 
are  as  near  as  may  be  to  perfection. 

One  of  her  points,  and  a  great  one  it  is  in  any  horse, 
and  in  her,  doubtless,  one  of  tlie  great  causes  of  her  immense 
speed,  so  unusual  to  so  small  an  animal,  is  this;  that  while  she 
is  very  short  in  the  saddle-i)lace,  she  is  very  long  below,  which 
gives  her  the  immense,  low,  long-reaching  sti-ide,  for  which  she 
is  as  famous  as  for  her  quick  gather.  It  is  stated  in  the  memoir 
I  have  above  named,  that  the  stroke  of  this  wonderful  little 
animal  has,  by  actual  measurement,  been  found  to  equal  that 
of  a  sixteen  hand  horse. 

The  beautiful  engraving  of  Flora  Temple,  which  will  be 
found  in  this  volume,  from  the  burin  of  Messrs.  Capewell  and 
Kimmel,  designed  by  Mr,  L.  Maurer,  is  a  faithful  portrait  of 
the  "  little  treasure  "  in  action,  and  well  preserves  her  charac- 
teristics. 

It  may  be  as  well  to  say  here,  in  order  to  oave  misconstruc- 
tion, that  although  her  best  time,  2.24^,  is  noted  under  the 
plate,  that  time  was  not  made  by  her  going,  as  she  is  here  rep- 
resented, in  a  skeleton  wagon,  but  in  a  sulky,  against  Tacony, 
l^ofider  saddle,  whom  she  distanced. 

I  now  proceed  to  furnish  a  regular  table  of  her  perform- 
ances to  the  end  of  the  year  1856,  beyond  which  I  do  not  pre- 
tend to  carry  this  work.  Where  she  won,  the  values  of  the 
purses  are  stated ;  where  she  lost,  they  are  left  blank.* 

*  We  bring  tbe  record  up  to  finish  off  her  turf  career.— Ed. 


egs,  mane, 
eon  hands 
with  great 
)t\veon  the 
A  })ccu- 
feet  which 

my  liorse, 
r  immense 
while  she 
ow,  which 
whicli  she 
lie  memoir 
ert'ul  little 
jqual  that 

ih  will  be 
ewell  and 
portrait  of 
er  charac- 

isconstruc- 

under  the 

here  rep- 

it  Taconj', 

perforra- 
)  not  pre- 
les  of  the 


FLORA    TKMPI-K. 


385 


PKKFOIIMANCKS   OF   FLORA   TEMPI.K. 


CODBRC 


harneM 


'i!)^>  lbs. 
liarni'ss  . 


TTnlon  CouiuP,  L.  I- 

Wiis  not  In   traln- 

In?,  owing  to  an 

I       llCfllllTlt. 

18    Union  Course.  L.  I. 

18    CcntroMIlP,  L.  I. . . 
10  I  Cnlon  Course,  I-.  1. 

CentrevUle,  L.  I. . . 

Ilunllnirnrk,  I'a.  . 
i:nimi  (nurse.  I,.  I 
(Vntrevllli,  L.  I.  . 
lluntiiitf  I'lirk,  I'a. . 
Ci'iitrovllli',  I..  I. .  ■  , 

'  wagons 

Union  Course,  L.  1. 1  harness 

.1       II        " 

Saratoga,  N.  T. 
,i        (i        ^* 

Kochester,  N.  Y. . . 


TIHB. 


AGAINST  WUAT 
IIUBSES. 


1     2  52.  2!»,  2.52,    Whltuhall    and 


2.49 


2.88J,2.86,2,H6t, 

2.4;l,  2.41,  2.4;l, 
2.40,  2.«9.  2.86. 

2  42,  2.46,  2.44, 

2  iVH  2  WH,  2.!!5,l  Ulaik  Douglnss, 


throo  oliiors. 

Jjjdy  Brook*  A 

Vet, 
Ilrown  .lem.  . . 
Young   Uutch- 

in  II, 
CcntrovlUe  . . . 


I    M 


ITtlca,  N.  Y 

Saratoga,  N.  Y.  . . . 
Hunting  I'ark,  Pa. 

a  II  >* 

Cincinnati,  Ohio  . . 
Oakland  Course,  Ky 

15    Now  OrIean%  La. . . 

II       II       " 

Union  Course,  L.  I. 

Centvovlllo,  L.  I.  .  . 

Union  Course,  L.  1. 

Contrevllle,  L.  L .  ■ 


wagons 
harness 


riM-eiviil  furl'i'il, 
2.«U,  2,!tJ. '-'.HHJ, 
2.SW4,  2.115  2.aU 
2.20,  2  27.  2.H2, 
2.2S,   2.:12,  2.82, 
2.H!1.       281i, 
2.:l5. 
2.82.  2.82.  2  80, 
2.2S.  2.27  2.211, 
4..^9,  5  "U, 
2  80,2,81,2.82, 
5.04,  B.10i, 
2.85,2  811,2.801, 

2  80i, 
2.8U.         2.8IH, 

2.85t 
2  8iH,  2  27,2  2St, 
2.29,  2  84,  2  84, 
2.84,  2  82,  2,86, 
2.28,  2  881, 'i  84, 


Diitolinmii. 
Lady  Itrcioks .     , 
IJluck  Douglass 
lligliland  Maid 


Blttok  llouglass 
Tacony  . . . 


wagons, 
800  lbs. 
wagon    , 

harness 


26    Cambridge    I'ark, 

6    Unl^'course,  L.  L  I  wagons ;. 
11    Centrovllle,  L.  I.  . 

it'      


Tfieimy 

Lady    Vernon. 
,  I    MuuntuinMttld, 

1     2  48    2.40,  2.41,  I  Khodo     Island. 
2451,  2  42,  2.40,  :  Uhoile  Inland  . 
24(1  MountainMald, 

2  39  2.86i,2.B6,    Green  Mountain 
•  2  86,  Maid, 

5.07,  n.0T, 
2.81*,  2  82.  2.88 
2:i8,' 2.89,  2.87, 
2.81,2  83,2.85, 


1,000 
1,000 
2,(KI0 
2,IK)0 
2,000 


1,000 

1,000 
1,000 
1,000 


1.000 

1,000 
1,(HH) 
1,000 
1,(H)0 

2S0 
250 


hamcs 


Union  Course,  L.  I. 
Contrevllle,  L.  I. . . 


Union  Course,  L.  I. 


Fashion      Course, 

L.  i. 
Boston,  Mass. .  ... 


wagons  in 
drivers. 
275  lbs. 
wagons  . 
harness  . 


wagon  . 
harness 


Mac 

Jack  Waters . 
Sontag 


20     Pulled  up  lame, 
12th  inlle, 
287, 243, 

5  07,  5.27. 
5.121,  5.in, 
2.291,2.81.4,^84, 

a     5.151,  B.1T1, 

2     Eeceived  forfeit, 
a     4.59,  4.57,  6.214 

1     2.801,  2.80,  2.80, 


Time 

Know-Nothlng, 

alias  Lancet. 
Sontag..  .... 

Lady  Franklin 
Chicago    Jack, 

and  Mac. 
Frank  forester, 

Cliicago  Jack, 
Miller's  Damsel. 
Frank  Forester 
Hero— pacer— 

in  a  wagon, 
Chicago    Jack, 

— sa(]dle. 
Lancet 


900 
2,000 
2,000 


8,000 

2,000 

2.000 

'500 

COO 


2,000 
2,000 

1,000 


2,000 

honor. 

Tacony— saddle  I   1,000 


Received  forfeit, 
2.801,  2  80,  2  29, 
2.8U,    2.281, 
2.291, 
a     Kecelved  forfeit 
2.24J,  best  time 
1         on  record.  _     i  _         , 
1     2.881, 2.84, 2.81,    Lancet 

ria;f:^:HEtha„AiiVn.. 


winning  in  six  years  thirty-nine  races,  losing  eight.    Netting 

.  Th..  her  nrst  trot,  was  made  and  recorded  under  the  nam.  of  "  Flora  "  .lone. 


IfiM 
1,000 

8,500 

1,000 
1,000 

1 46,86.' 


-mtmmm 


236 


TIIU    IloUBK. 


PBRF0RMANCE8  OF  FLORA  TEMPLE. 


TIAB. 

DATI. 

1887 

Jalr 

8 

JniT 

Ml 

Sept. 

St 

5 
13 

Oct. 

5 

»t 

10 

1858 

June 
It 

10 

July 

1 

n 

Oct 

3 
18 

tk 

in 

It 

87 

Nov. 

4 

tl 

S5 

97 

Doc. 

S 

18G9 

May 

81 

June 

17 

»* 

88 

Ang. 

U 

it 

Hi 
83 

II 

97 

Sept. 

1 
H 

II 

•  1 

10 
Ifl 

II 

33 

Oct. 

41 

7  ' 

15  t 

II 

9-11 

11 
II 

96 

88! 

Nov. 

8 

6 

it 

g 

81 

II 

8i 

Dec. 

ll 

18C0 

Aug. 

28' 

Bcpt. 

)?.\ 

Centrevillo,  L.  I. . . 
Elmlra,  N.  Y 


Albany,     " 
Hj)rlii({rt«lil,  MasB. 
Ifarlford,  f'oiin.  . . 
ChoMtiiut  Hill,  Pn. 

Phil,  Pii 

lialtlmuru,  Md.  . . . 


IIARNIBI, 

IIADDI.I, 
or  WAOOM. 


wagon., 
harnet*. 


Detroit,  Mich 

OhlcnRo,  111 

Kalamazoo,  Mich. 
SandiiHky.  Ohio. . . 

Adrian,  Mich 

St.  Lootis  Mo 


FaBhlonCourecL.I. 
Kcllnae        " 


Boston,  Mass 

Saratoga,  N.  Y 

Portland,  Me 

Sutlolk  Park,  Phlla. 

Baltimore,  Md 

Chicago,  III 

MuHCiitine,  Iowa... 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. . . 
Kalamazoo,  Mich.  . 
Cleveland,  Ohio 

CuyahogaPall,Ohlo 
Bufflalo,  N.Y.... 


St.  Katherlne  O  W 
Union  Cours''  i..  I 


Franklin  Park.. 
Kalamazoo,  Mich.. 
Centrevillo,  L.  I... 


wagon.. 
harncHH. 


AOAIMBT  WHAT 
UUIUIg. 


8.aOJ,  9.80,  9.37] 
2.:U.  Ullt 

8.88,  3.37.     Lancet  to  Had.,  Kcd  BinI  and 
MlllerV  I)ami>"l  to  bar. 


RoBe  WaBh'Kton,h. 

"ad<IIc. 


Same  liorxcH. 

Brown  Dick 

Lancet  toBaddlc. 
Lancet          " 
Luncet 


Prince.... 
Iku  Cook. 
Prince 


Reindeer . 


9.3Hi.  >2.37,  S.3S. 
8.a'l;,9.:)D.!,8.80. 

».:«».!.  a.iu.  a.!w. 

3.;Mi.3.8U.3.3n,8.98. 

2.311, 'j.;ii,a.."». 

8.31,  3.37 ■,2.29!. 
2.;)0,  2.20,  2.8H. 
2.!Mi,  3.nii,  8.38i. 
9.31<,2.;il. 
3.30),  3.!!8, 9.49. 
3.38,  3.20. 
3.41,  3.:r?',  8.80. 
8.90,  8.28,  8.28. 
9..'M,2a5.    VVonflmt 
heat:  dU.  Tor  foul 
6.11j,5.17J. 
S..1U,  231,),  8.aoj, 

3.a2*,2..%i. 
2.25,  8.-;75,  3.27}. 
7.M,  7..')9J. 
5.03, 5.05. 
8.23.>    8.23,  S.28i. 
4.504,  5.05. 
3.33,  2.804,  2.,^. 
8!KH,2.J18.  2.84. 
2..T2,  8.2t>J,  2.20. 
3.41{,  2.31,  2.28. 
8.20,  2.81,  2.2S. 
2.,31,2.81,8.20J. 
Won— no  time. 
8.874,  3.27,  2.214. 
2.Ji24,S.Si4,2.1«). 
8  10,  8.304,  2.20. 
3.40,  9.:«)4,  2.29. 
3.,38,  2.0(1,  2.8-I,  3. 
2.28,  2.31,  a.8;i4. 
1 .18, 1 .47, 1 .47.  Ike  Cook  and  Belle 

Saratoga. 
2.35,  8.89,  8.97.  Ike  Cook. 

2.2o,  8.23, 2.W.     G.M.Patchen(Md.),r.off. 

2.37, 2  2T4, 2.3U,  299.   Ethan  Allen 

2.274,  2.20',,  2.154.     I 

2  284.2.284.2.284,1>.284  Geo.  M.  Patchen... 


ti.noo 
;«» 

3,000 

400 

1,000 

1,000 

1.000 

1,200 

1.200 

»00 

1,800 

600 

600 

1,000 


Ethan  Ailen ... 
PrIncesB— match. 
Prlnccen  won. 
PrInccBB 


Ike  Cook. 


PrinceBB&HoneBtAnce 

PrIncemt 

Ike  Cook 


84 

97, 

Match  for  $500, 3  miles,  agst.  Dutchman. 
Time,  7.33} ;  mare  to  have  3  trlalu.  Lost. 


1861 


Oct. 

3 

II 

13 

II 

97 

II 

83 

II 

17 

II 

81 

Nov. 

15 

June 

6 

II 

18 

July 

4 

** 

10 

Aug. 

9 

May 

81  i 

June 

13 

II 

It 

u 

95 

Jnly 

15  I 

26 

Aug. 

8 

Sept. 

5 

finnin( 

jtae 

KImIra,  N.  Y 

Syracuse, N.  Y 

Gfeneva,  " 
Rochester,  " 
WatertowB," 
Corning,  " 
Danbury,  Conn. . . . 

Union  Course,  L.  I, 

II  II         II 

Philadelphia,  Pu... 

Union  Course,  L.  L 
Fni<hionConr8e,L.L 
Centrevllle,  L.  I, 


Union  Conree,  L.  I. 
Fashion    " 
Union       " 
Fashion    " 


harness. . 


II 

11 

II 

11 

II 

II 

w&gon. . . 

harness.. 

II 

11 

II 

II 

II 

II 

2..'10:,  2.25,,  9.23. 
4.554,  5.00. 


Ethan  Allen 
O.M.Patcheu.matcb 


let  trial,  7.38! ;  9d  tr.  resigned  at  end  of 
iHt  m.— trotted  in  8.42 ;  3d  tr.,  7.484.» 

2.30,  2.314,  2.;iO.  Geo.  M.  Patchen. . 
3.2(;4,  3.264,  3.86. 
2.32,  2.28,  2.29.t 
2.29,  8.29,  8.28,  2.80. 
2.28,  8.20,  2.30,  3.35. 
3.33S,  8..31i',2.31.t 
2.39,  8.37,  8.38. 

2.31,  8.34,  8.314. 
4.584,  4.674. 
2.334,  2.21},  9.874. 
4.514,  6.014. 
3.3Si,8.324,883,336|. 
3.884,  3.34s,  3.84f. 
S.34J,  2.2fi,  8.884. 
4.564,  4.524. 
7.47,  7.48. 

2  224,2.88,8.28?.  Ethan  Allen  Amn'g  mate 
2.314,8.904.  Ethan  Allen  &  mate  to  wag, 
3.2* •(,  8.22,  2.224. 
2.28,  2.19J,  821. 


Widow  Hachree . 
O.M.Patchen,match 


Princess.,.  .... 
Jn.  Morgan,  match 


1,000 
1,000 

2,P0O 
6,000 

1,000 
1,000 
1,000 
1,500 
1,000 
l,.'-:&0 
1,W)0 
1,000 

1,000 
2,000 
1,000 
1,(100 
1,000 
1,000 

600 
1,000 

1,000 
1,000 
1,600 
9,000 
600 


8,000 
1,000 

1,000 
1,000 
1,000 
1,000 
1,000 

8,000 
1,000 
9,600 
600 
9,600 
2,000 
1,000 

1,000 


Winning  in  eleven  years  ninety-three  races,  losing  eighteen  -one  declared  off.    Netting  $113,000 

•  The  track  was  eighteen  feet  over  a  mile,  and  it  was  claimed  she  had  beaten  the  time,  but  the 
judges  thought  differently.       t  Track  heavy. 


FLORA  8    ORBAT   MATCH. 


287 


KIMST  WHAT 
|UUK8|B. 


We»h'iftoii,  h  J 

>— "adilli  .,       tl  nnn 

."••<IHIr,lamir  •"" 

'BiiiK-l  to  bar. .       :h)0 

'  '"'T"*;" S,(KJO 

i„  ni.,..  I      ^11^ 

l.OOU 


Jn  Dick.   .. 

I«t  to  KBlldlc 

let  " 

let 


Poolc. 

fcc 


deer. 


n  Ailon . .     . . 
ce»B— match. . 
cceii  won. 
COBS 


Oook. 
"•tnoneBtAncc 

ccxs 

Cook 


Cook  and  Belle 

rutojfa 

C'ook 

■lieii(pBd.),r.off. 
in  Allen 


M.  Patchen... 

m  Allen 

Patcheu,  match 

:ncd  at  end  of 
W  ti-.,  7.48J.* 
M.  Patchen.. 


iw  Machree . . . 
Patchen,matcb 


'organ,  match 

•  It 

iftrnn'emate. 
>  mate  to  wag. 


i,noo 

1,000 
1,-.M0 
l.tMO 

aoo 

1,800 
600 
600 

1,000 


1,000 

1,000 

2,P0O 
6,000 

1,000 

1,000 
1,000 
l,(iOO 
1,000 
1,.';00 
1,UI0 
1,000 

1,000 
2,000 
1,000 
1,(100 
1,000 
1,000 

600 
1,000 

1,000 
1,000 
1,600 
8,000 
800 


8,000 
1,000 

1,000 
1,000 
1,000 
1,000 
1,000 

8,000 
1,000 
8,600 
600 
8,600 
S,000 
1,000 

1,000 


r.    Netting  $113,000 
D  the  time,  but  the 


In  regard  to  tho  vast  siunfi  of  money  won  by  Flora,  it  muBt 
be  reinarktMl  tliat  ino8t  of  lior  trots  weri!  tor  niatchcrt  at  bigh 
prizoH ;  ami  tliat  tlie  value  of  trotting  purses  has  been  greatly 
advanced  of  late  yeaiv. 

The  following  account  of  the  inatcli  against  Tacony,  in 
•which  her  prodigious  time,  2.24.J,  was  made,  is  tVoiii  tlie  columns 
of  the  New  York  Herald;  and  with  it  us  a  crvAiluhhiJinale,  I 
close  this  brief  sketch  of  the  trotting  turf  of  America,  from  its 
first  inception  to  the  present  day. 

There  seems  every  probability  that  the  next  season  will  bo 
rich  in  events  ;  but  before  the  cream  of  them  shall  have  been 
gathered,  this  work  will,  JJeo  volenti',  be  in  the  hands  of  my 
readei-s,  so  that  I  judge  it  best  to  close  the  record  with  the  close 
of  the  bygone  year. 

"  Union  Course,  L.  I. 

"The  Best  Time  on  Record,  2.24^  in  Harness. — Another 
contest  1)etween  those  celebrated  nags.  Flora  Temple  and  Ta  jny, 
came  off  for  a  stake  of  $1,000.  The  distance  was  mile  heats; 
Flora  Temple  in  harness  and  Tacony  under  the  saddle.  The 
race  was  won  by  Flora  Temple  in  one  heat,  which  she  performed 
in  the  unprecedented  time  of  2.24^,  distancing  Tacony.  This 
time  is  one  second  less  than  ever  before  made,  either  under  the 
saddle  or  in  harness. 

"  Tacony,  down  the  back  stretch  and  to  the  half-mile  polo, 
went  at  a  prodigious  rate,  evidently  faster  than  the  mare  was 
going — the  gait  must  have  been  somewhere  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  2.24  or  less.  If  this  had  been  cont.'nued  without  a  break 
up,  it  would  have  been  difficult  for  the  mare  to  have  beaten  him 
in  2.24^ — the  time  in  which  the  heat  was  performed.  At  tho 
rate  at  which  Tacony  went  just  previous  to  breaking,  his  rider 
had  not  power  to  retain  the  horse  on  his  centre  of  gravity.  This 
occurred  in  both  instances,  and  both  breaks  were  bad.  It  is 
this  power  of  preserving  the  equilibrium  in  the  horse  that  con- 
stitutes the  skill  of  the  rider  and  driver,  and  for  which  Hiram 
Woodruff  is  so  deservedly  celebrated. 

"  The  attendance  was  rather  slim,  when  we  consider  the  ce- 
lebrity of  the  horses,  owing,  no  doubt,  to  the  absence  of  sporting 
men  from  the  city  and  the  approaching  Presidential  election. 


i 


238 


THE    UOKBE. 


Tlie  weather,  however,  was  every  thing  that,  coiihl  he  anked,  and 
the  <h'ivt>  out  to  the  course  was  truly  (U'li^'httiil,  Tliu  trotting 
track,  liowcver,  was  not  all  that  could  have  bi'cn  desired,  being 
rather  dry  and  dusty  to  our  mind,  and  did  not  compare  favorably 
with  its  condition  on  gome  other  occasions.  Some  perKons,  how- 
ever, thoui::lit  it  just  the  thing,  and  they  nniy  have  been  right. 
Time  is  tht-  proper  test. 

"  Tacony,  ridden  i»y  Warren  Peabody,  was  tho  fii-at  to 
appear  on  the  track,  and  as  he  jogged  around,  previous  to  the 
nnitcli,  lie  looked  uncommonly  well,  we  thought,  and  capable 
of  makinj'  as  icodd  time  as  on  any  former  occasion.  lie  is  u  fine 
Bpecimen  of  the  American  trotting  horse,  very  muscular,  open 
gaited,  and,  in  fact,  possesses  every  requisite  of  the  trotter. 
His  rider,  as  he  jogged  along,  seemed  much  at  ease,  and  very 
confident  of  success,  notwithstanding  the  extraordinary  creature 
against  whom  he  had  to  contend. 

"  FiO'a  shortly  afterwards  made  her  appearance  in  harness, 
driven  by  her  favorite  driver,  Tliram  Woodruff,  who  declared 
after  tho  race  that  she  could  beat  a  locomotive.  She  looked,  as 
she  appeared  throughout  tlie  summer,  extremely  well,  and 
jogged  around  the  track  as  gayly  as  a  cricket.  Her  friends  were 
much  pleased  with  her,  and  were  ready  to  back  her  to  any 
extent,  100  to  30  being  current  just  before  the  start.  She  is  a 
universal  favorite,  and  since  the  days  of  Lady  Suffolk  no  nag 
has  stood  higher  in  the  estimation  of  sporting  men  than  Flora 
Temple.  They  believe  her  invincible,  and  her  race  yesterday 
seems  to  justify  that  belief. 

"  THE   EACE. 

"  Flora  Temple  won  the  inside  position,  and,  at  the  second 
attempt,  went  oft"  with  the  lead.  She  opened  a  gap  of  three  or 
four  lengths  on  the  upper  turn,  and  went  to  the  quarter  pole  in 
thirty-seven  seconds,  with  all  that  advantage.  On  the  back 
stretch  Tacony  gained  on  her,  and  was  closing  very  rapidly  on 
her  as  they  reached  the  half-mile  pole — time  1.13.  The  mare 
now  increased  her  speed,  and  carried  Tacony  to  a  break,  from 
which  he  did  not  recover  readily.  Hiram  perceiving  the 
distance  Tacony  was  behind,  now  tried  to  shut  him  out  entirely, 


nkod,  u!i<J 
.0  trotting 
•0(1,  boirig 
I'livonibly 
ions,  liow- 
eoii  right. 

t)  first  to 
:)ii8  to  tho 
d  oiij)ublo 

0  is  a  fine 
liar,  open 
le  trottor. 

ami  vory 
y  creature 

n  harness, 

1  declared 
looked,  as 
well,  and 
lends  were 
ler  to  any 

She  is  a 

•Ik  no  nag 

:han  Flora 

yesterday 


the  second 
of  three  or 
ter  pole  in 

the  back 
rapidly  on 

The  mare 
ireak,  from 
siving  the 
at  entirely, 


FLORA   TF-MPLK. 


239 


.     1     1 1     ....«     Tii«  nftcp  of  Flora  then  l)Ccamo 

::;:;;:^,S,tsr  Ju.rt;;.n  ti.  bai..iie  ho 

boat  in  2 -'4A1     After  Tacny  roouvere.l  from  hm  hr.t  breaK 
r      lo  u  gallant  atton.pt  to  catch  tho  n.are,  wh.ch  resulted  m 
an       .    bad  break,  on  the  hon.e  ntretch,  fron,  vvluoh  he    ., 
n^t  re<.over  in  time  to  .ave  hi.  distance      And  bo  cud.d  tin. 
long  romen.borcd  trot  of  Flora  Temple  and  Tacony. 
Tho  following  is  a  smnmary  :—  ( 


Tuesday.  Sept.  8.    TrottlnK  match,  $1,00(),  mile  1..HU. 

n.WoodmfTtinmcdb.  m.KlornTompl.-,  ■  •  •  | 

W.  Peabotly  named  r.  g.  Tacony,  •  • 

jTlmo,  8.!M}. 


1 
dUt 


Flora  Temple  i«  the  property  ^f  A.  ^Velch,  d-tnut  IliU 
Stud  Farm,  nelr  Philadeli^v,.,,  Pa.  Sho  has  been  placed  m  th. 
Btud.  . 

FI.OKA.   TEMPI-K'b   PRODUCE. 

imn-JBcfort  to . 

Now  In  foal  to  Imported  LoamlnRton. 

EDITORIAL  NOTE. 

Mr  Alexander's  possoBmon  nho  had  tho  foUowmR  produco:- 
1855_fc  »  Fortst  Temple  by  Edwin  Forrest. 
18B6-b.  c.  Hunter  Temple  by  Edwin  Forrest. 
lR57-b.  c.  Norman  Temple  by  Norman. 

lS51)-b.  c.  Pilot  Temple  by  Pilot,  Jr. 
180O-b.  f.  Mary  Tomplo  by  Pilot,  Jr. 
l«ni— *.  f.  Blond  Temple  by  Lexington. 
lft«2- 

iBAi_h  r  . by  Alexander's  Abdalteh. 

1804-0. 1.  returna  are  made  of  the 

Buppoee  that  8he  must  be  barren  from  her  age. 


4 


II 


11 


,,1,^:l7  '^-■-  ■    -VgNMl 


240 


TBB   noRIB. 


t 


\ 


1$ 

i 

fir 


LADY  TIIORNE. 

Of  all  the  lioracs  that  have  won  distinction  on  tho  trotting 
tnrf,  none  stand  higher  than  tlie  big  hay  mare,  Lady  Thomo. 
Like  tlio  majority  of  horses  known  to  fame,  her  career  has  been 
an  eventfnl  one.     (iood  bhiod  flows  in  her  veins ;  and  it  ia  this 
blood  which  gives  to  her  thoj'wwer  of  endurance.     She  was  bred 
in  Kentucky ;  wan  ♦oalod  on  the  f-fm  of  Levi  T.  Eodes,  near 
Lexington,  Kentucky,  May  9th,  1856.     Her  sire  w?^  Mainbrino 
X)\nef,  and  her  dam  was  by  Gano,  a  son  of  the  celebrated  iVtcer, 
American  Eclipse ;  second  dam  by  a  son  of  Sir  William  of  Trans- 
port.    Mambrino  Chief  was  by  Mambrino  Paymaster,  a  son  of 
Mambrino,  and  he  by  imp.  Messenger.     The  dam  of  Mambrino 
Chief  was  a  maro  of  Messenger  descent.    The  sire  of  Lady 
Thome  was  a  sire  of  trotters.     Among   others  ho  got   Brignoli 
(Mambrino  Prince),  Kentucky  Chief,  Whalcl)one,  ldol,Ericsson, 
Clark  Chief,  Mambrino  Patchem,  Ashland,  and  Mambrunello, 
and  from  the  sire  his  sons  and  daughters  inherited  the  power  of 
transmitting  qualities  of  speed,  for  they  are  producing  trotters  in 
great  numbers.      Gano,  the  sire  of  the  dam  of  Lady  Thorue, 
could  boast  of   an   illustrious    pedigree.     Got    by   American 
Eclipse,  and  dam  Betsy  Richards,  by  Sir  Archy,  there  was  no 
reason  why  he  should  not  have  been  successful  on  the  turf;  and 
he  was  successful,  being  a  good  race-horse  in  that  great  test  of 
quality,  four  mile  heats.    Lady  Thorne  has  a  double  cross  of  im- 
ported Messenger  in  her  veins,  which  must  make  her  all  the 
more  valuable  to  those  who  are  Messenger  crazy.     One  of  those 
crosses  comes  from  her  sire,  Mambrino  Chief,  and  the  other  from 
American  Eclipse,  whose  dam  was  by  imp.  Messenger.    Her 
Ladyship  has  two  crosses  of  imp.  Diomed  blood,  one  through 
Sir  Archy,  and  the  other  through  the  son  of  Sir  William  of 
Transport.     Closely  scan  the  pedigree,  and  then  tell  us  if  the 
trotting  turf  can  boast  of  a  better  bred  animal,  known  on  the 


i 


LADV   TnoKNR. 


241 


trotting 
Thorno. 
liiirt  been 
it  is  this 
W118  bred 
hIl'h,  near 
fuinbrino 
;ed  i\»cer, 
of  Trans- 
a  son  of 
lainbrino 
of  Lady 
Brignoli 
,  Ericsson, 
ibrunello, 
power  of 
trottorB  in 
'  Thorue, 
American 
e  was  no 
;urf;  and 
at  test  of 
088  of  im- 
ir  all  the 
3  of  those 
tlier  from 
jer.    Her 
through 
illiam  of 
us  if  the 
n  on  tiie 


(trccn  hilU  of  famo,  than  Liuly  Thunio?  When  thin  n<»w  dis- 
tinguished (liiugiifi'r  of  Miiiiilniiio  (!hief  wuH  fitidi'il,  Afr.  Kudos, 
lier  Idvidir,  cliriistt'iu'd  her  Aimii  Li'i't>mt(\  I.ulo  in  tlio  lull  or 
early  in  the  hiiMiiiti  •f  |s.')S,  Mr.  Uuiiu-s  sold  the  bay  (illy  to 
Mr.  II.  {'.  I)  iiiloj),  formerly  of  Fnyetto  County,  Ky.,  tlio  prieo 
pnid  being  (j^JJOO,  aii<l  two  boxon  of  IIuviuiaeiL^ars,  valued  at  iJI'J, 
thrown  in  to  binil  the  bargain.  A  hi,  irt  time  atti-r  the  lilly 
passed  into  Di.  Ilerr's  hands,  ttf  Ix.'.\ington,  who  eliangi'd  her 
name  to  Maid  of  Ashland.  In  her  three-yeur-old  form  tho 
Doctor  purchased  a  one-half  interest  in  her,  wliieli  was  all  th'* 
interest  he  ever  aecpiired  in  tlu;  niaro.     In  coiisi'ipiencc!  of  an  in- 


J 


Maid  of  Ashland 


ury  received  ironi  kicking  in  iiarncss,  Aiaid  ot  Asiiiaiid  wiw 
not  trained  until  the  suninier  she  was  three  years  old.  In  tho 
fall  of  1859  she  started  in  mile  races.  Her  first  appearance  was 
in  a  three  year-old  stakes,  at  Lexington,  in  which  she  iiii't  Ken- 
tucky Chief,  Mexican  Chief,  and  <»tic  other  colt.  The  stake 
was  won  by  Kentucky  Chief,  tho  fastest  lu at  being  ii.5iJ.  Her 
second  race  was  !n  a  three-year-old  stake  at  Louisville,  and  here 
slie  was  again  defeated  by  Kentucky  Chief,  the  I)it  breaking  in 
Maid  of  AHliland's  mouth  at  tho  start,  and  causing  her  to  bo 
distanced.  Her  tliird  race  the  same  fall  was  a  iiuuch  against  a 
Snow-Storm  horse,  over  tho  Lexington  track.  In  this  she  was 
Bucccssl'ul ;  she  won  in  three  straiglit  heat: ,  the  time  of  each 
being  slow.  In  her  four-year-old  form  she  did  no  good.  She 
acted  badly  the  entire  season,  and  those  who  knew  her  then 
never  dreamed  that  she  would  astonish  the  world  with  marvel- 
ous flights  of  speed.  At  fivo  years  old  she  was  trained  with 
gi-e!>t  patience,  (ind  did  well.  She  trotted  a  trial  over  tho  Lex- 
ington track  in  ii.27,  and  now  her  star  began  to  rise.  In  tho 
fall,  while  at  work  on  the  Louisville  track,  she  accomplished  a 
half  mile  in  1.09.  She  did  not  show  in  public  at  all  this  year. 
As  a  six-year-old  very  little  was  done  with  her,  having  been  run 
out  of  the  State  in  consecpiejice  of  the  war.  In  her  seven-year- 
old  form  she  trotted  two  races  over  the  Louisville  Course.  The 
first  was  mile-heats,  three  in  live,  which  she  won  in  three 
straight  heats.  The  day  after  this  race  she  trotted  two  miles 
and  repeat  against  Indiana  Bello,  Mountain  Jack,  and  Belle 
('haplin,  winning  in  two  heats.  In  tho  summer  of  1863  sho 
was  sold  to  Mr.  Keif,  a  gentleman  living  near  Philadelphia,  who 
Vol.  II.— 10 


ft 


1/ 


242 


THE   H0R8E. 


brouglit  lier  east  iu  August.  The  bay  mare  was  now  I<nown  as 
Lady  Thorne.  This,  iu  brief,  is  the  early  history  of  this  wonder- 
ful mare.     Her  record  appended  will  tell  the  world  how  great 

she  reallv  is. 

Mr.  ilodes,  the  breeder  of  the  mare,  writes :  "  The  dam  ot 
L;idy  Thorne  evinced  most  remarkable  speed  at  a  time  when  trot- 
tiuu;  horses  were  not  nuich  the  fashion  in  Kentucky,  so  much  so 
lh:it  she  was  well  known  to  the  lew  who  paid  any  attenticm  to 
the  subject,  although  she  Avas  never  trained.  Her  daughter. 
Lady  Thorne,  is  a  duplicate  in  her  disposition,  way  of  going  and 
form,  with  the  exception  that  she  is  a  larger  animal,  partaking 
of  her  sire,  Mambrino  Chief,  in  this  particular.  The  dam  of 
Lady  Thoruo  was  the  mother  of  several  colts  which  were,  with- 
out exception,  very  fine  roadsters,  and  would  doubtless  have 
made  their  reputation  had  they  been  trained." 

In  Mr.  Relf  s  hands  Lady  Thorne  rapidly  improved  in  speed, 
and  entered  upon  the  high  road  to  distinction.  Trahied  and 
driven  by  Dan  Pfifer,  she  met  with  success  the  fleetest  horses  of 
the  day.  Dexter  alone  was  able  to  vanquish  the  big  hay  mare. 
September  17,  18G8,  Mr.  Eelf  sold  Lady  Thorne  to  :Messrs. 
Welch  and  McMann.  Pfifer  continued  to  drive  her,  and  the 
mare  continued  to  improve  in  speed.  When  Dexter  retire(] 
from  the  Course  into  Mr.  Bonner's  stable,  she  became  the 
acknowledged  Queen  of  the  trotting  turf.  The  12th  of  May, 
1870,  her  Ladyship  again  changed  owners,  Messrs.  Welch  and 
IMcManu  disposing  of  her  to  Dan  Mace,  who  was  the  represen- 
tative of  wealthy  unknown  parties.  The  price  paid  for  her  was 
1^30,000.  It  was  the  intention  of  Mace  to  make  an  effort  to 
eclipse  Dexter's  time  of  2.17|  over  the  Buffalo  Course ;  he 
designed  making  the  effort  during  the  f\dl  meeting  of  1870,  but 
unfortunately  a  few  days  before  the  week  appointed  for  the  Fair, 
the  mare  met  with  a  severe  accident  at  Eochestor.  While  in 
the  act  of  behig  placed  on  board  a  car  provided  for  her,  the 
bi'Jdge  gave  way  and  the  great  trotter  met  with  a  heavy  fall, 
whidi  brought  her  racing  campaign  to  a  sudden  close.  The 
mare,  however,  was  not  permanently  disabled.  To  learn  how 
brilliant  has  been  her  performances  on  the  turf,  the  reader  must 
consult  the  summary  annexed  : — 


/    ~^, 


LA.DY  THORNE. 


243 


PEDIGREE  OF   LADY  TIIORNE. 

La.ly  Thorne,  Lay  filly,  foaled  May  0th,  1850  ;  In-ecl  l.y  Levi 
T.  IludL,  Es.i.,  iieai-Lexii^gton,  Ky.,  by  Mainl.nuo  Cluet. 

1st  dam  by  Gauo.  ^  ^^  ^ 

2d  .lam  l.y  a  so.  of  Sh-  WiUian.  of  Transpo. 

Gnno  vas  by  An.erica,.  Eclipse,  dam  Lctscy  E.a,a.d=  l.j 

'"  Sir^iinau,  of  Transport  wa,  by  Sir  My,  <'™  T-.spo.-t 

''litl'vL  tl,o  lrf«,-ec  of  UdyThorno  s„,„o  persons  state 
in  gnm^  u  t,  i      „  WiUiim  of  Trarirtnort  was  out  of  a 

that  the  mave  by  "^ ,   Xe!d      M,    Rodos  -hose  lottev  wo 
Potomac  mare,  wliicb  liei  bieeaer,  mi.  , 

attach,  does  not  claim. 

LEXINGTON,  Ky.,  Oct.  3d,  1870.- 
MK89B..  S.  D.  &  B.  G.  Bruce,  New  York  City  : 

tCI  I  ™,M  state  (tVont  reference  to  »'  Ee^d  BooM 

"■"'  f?  ^~"    a™  SrZ        ;™  "L  o1.L  late  i„  tl,o 
named  by  n-e  Anna  L"»™  "■  j  ^„„,  „,„  „,,„,,  named 

.mnn>or  or  ea,1y  m  rt  e  fa     of     -     ,        ^^  .^  ^^^^_^       ^^^ 

""■'""  8?«  nd'^o  W  f  imported  Havana  eigat.,  valned 
Tn'  Ttesto  passed  into  Mr.  D.'s  bands,  bo  ohaBged  Wr 
Ue'to  mS  of  l,b.and.  /j*- ^fof  ,^  '^  ^  ^fC?,  ' 
Dr.  L.  Hen-,  of  tbis  city  as  I  '^^  !  • '"  ^  ™"by  Dr.  Hem 
do  no,  know  ber  age  ^-JJil^r/^'preta  gentleman  living 
Snbseqoently  Dr.  H.  soKl  uer  lo  ,  ^^^^ 

„earPMadelplna  as  I  learned  ft.   *o      n  of^S  ,  ^^^^_^_^ 

remember  bev  ago  at  tbo  time  oi  i  ^  |^    ^ 

was  sire.1  by  Man.brino  CSnef,  and  ont  of  a  ma  e  snc      y      ^^^^, 
the  srandam  of  Lady  Thorne  ^vas  bj  a  so"  °  J" 
?^rtL  than  this  I  am  unable  *»  trace  tep^bg^^^^^^  Jl'e  "- 

of  Lady  Thorne  -™»;i  ^^^^  "itX  S'-  ^  ^0"'"*^  ^ 


2U 


THE   UOUSE. 


t,a 


attention  to  the  subject ;  although  never  trained.  Her  daughter 
Lady  Thurne  wa*  a  duplicate  in  her  disposition,  way  of  going, 
color  and  form  of  her  mother,  with  the  exception  that  she  was  a 
larger  animal,  partaking  of  her  sire  Mambrino  Chief  in  that 
^)artic'ular.  I  may  here  add  that  the  dan)  of  Lady  Thorne  was 
the  nK)tlier  of  several  colts  which  were,  without  exception,  very 
line  roadsters,  and  would  doubtless  have  made  their  reputation 
had  they  been  trained. 

The  above  statements  are  all  facts  and  not  guesses,  and  com- 
prise all  that  I  know  of  the  celebrated  trotting  mare.  Trusting 
that  they  may  be  of  service  to  you,  I  remain 

Truly  your  friend, 

Levi  T.  Eodes. 


DESCRIPTION  OP  LADY  THORNE. 

Lady  Thorne  is  a  solid  bay  inare,  Avithout  white,  standing 
sixteen  and  a  half  hands  high.  She  has  a  good  head  and  neck, 
line  shoulders,  Avell  laid  and  inclined ;  great  length,  immense 
quarters  and  stifles,  with  very  prominent  hips ;  good  broad  flat 
legs  and  sound  feet.  She  has  lost  an  eye  accidentally,  and  has 
an  enlarged  ankle  behind,  from  her  kicking  propensities  when 
breaking.  Sh  ^  has  a  long  sweeping  stride,  goes  low  to  the 
ground,  and  ii'^  very  reliable.  Few  horses  can  live  with  her 
when  right.  She  generally  cuts  them  down  after  going  a  half 
or  three-quarters  of  a  mile. 


!r  daughter 
y  of  going, 
it  she  was  a 
lief  in  tliat 
riiorne  was 
option,  very 
reputation 

;s,  and  com- 
.    Trusting 


KODEB. 


te,  standing 
d  and  neck, 
h,  immense 
I  broad  flat 
lly,  and  has 
tisities  wlien 
low  to  the 
i^e  with  her 
;oing  a  half 


PEUFOBMANCES   OF   LADY   THOBNE. 
PERFORMANCES  OF  LADY  THOBNE. 


AOAINBT  TTBAT 


245 


I 


1859,8cpt.l9^Woo<Uawn,LouU- 
joct.l4i  Point  r.ec.M'UU. 


1,  best  8  m  5-2.51,  2.40, 2.39. 
2.35,  2.83,  8.871. 


Paid  forfeit. 


(d\^t.'>     SweupstakCB, 
Point  Breeze  M,  \ 

Jolmny  2(1.  "■,  1 

W.  FilZ"ater» 

li.m.  ((ir.l,  Jno- 

Gllclirlst'8     1). 

m.  (dr.),   Jno. 

TurnerV  n.  m. 

(dr ).     Samuel 
Mc  LouKlilin'B 

I),  m.  (dr.) 
Franlt,         Lady 

Tompliins  (dr.) 
John  OikhritttH 
b  m.,  iid  ijeat. 
9.38,  i>.  g.  Jol"' 
Henry,  »•  K- 
Johnny,  b.  m. 
MoiuitainMaid 

(dr.»      , 
Itotllertnake,   re- 
ceived forfeit; 
Beilo  of  nart-  , 
ford,  naid  for-! 
feit ;  Port  r 


tlOO 
200 


BOO 


9,000 
57B 


le.i,  .-■B"5' 
al.  l>aid  forfeit. 

2.32l,2,U2.34J.lL.>ve.t^      "^J, 
|2.34h2.^*,2.32^|M^«;;;;;3^?„r,tl'l«' 

crV  b.  e.  Stone-  ] 
I    wall  JackFon.    I 
2.94,2.96i,2.26l.  Dexter,  3d  heat, 

2.27,2.34t,2.271.5Da-;^Mace;BFr;k| 

Waiker'rt  b.  K- 
StonewallJacK- 

L  9RV  9  271  9  m\  Geo"wilkes  and  I  1,500 
|2.28i,^.'4<t,'«.'»'J  I     Lady  Emma.     1 
Won  hy  Oeorge 
Wilkes,     2.2b, 
9  97  2.95. 
Won  "by  OcorEC 
Wilkes,     9.27, 
1     9.25, 2.25'. 
9.29J,9.3U.9.32|.  George  Wilkes. 


900 


9.99,9.334,981. 


3.96, 9.27,  9.9 


George    Wilke»     9,000 

won  1st  &  4th 
I     heats,2.2n,2.38J. 
o  971  2  27  2  26i.  Georg(!  Wilkes.       l,-^J' 
?>OT*'-?'^i2  28U  Lady  Emma  and     9,000 
l9.97„2.28i,<(.-iBt.l      oJorpc  Wilkes, 

Lady  Emma  and     i,»" 
George  Wilkes. 

Distanced  V>v 
Dexter,  3.21, 
2.29. 

Beat  by  p^nn, 
2.33,  2.2-1,  2.98.  I 

buU. 


240 


THE   nOESE. 
PERFORMANCES  OF  LADY  TllOIlSE- Continued. 


=*9|l 

i 

DATE. 

C0UB8E. 

ri4  tJ  a 

S  g  :*>     DISTANCE. 

TiaE. 

AQAHIST  WnAT           u 

uonsEs.             a 

asg' 

1 

g 

1807  .Iiino  11 

FaebioDCoum!,L.I. 

Uiir. 

3  milcft  and 

Dexter  won.    1st 

1 

repeat. 

heat:  Itit  mile 

2.24. 2(1  m.2.S7, 

toliil  4.;jI.     Sd 

bunt:    1st  mile 

2.:J(:},  2(1  mill'. 

2..n, total  .'■r.tlj. 

"     3D 

It                   u 

Wag. 

3,  beet  3  In  8 

Dexter.    It-tlical: 
]»tmile2..<;n.;d 

mile  2.31,  Uiliil 

5.01.     2(1  liiat: 

l^t  mil('2.r:.';,Sd 

mile  2..3(l,  total 

5.00. 

July  10 

Trenton,  N.  J, 

Har. 

l,bCBt3in5 

De.xtcr,2.:M.2.,S(;i. 
2.20i.       Maldi 

forf,'ate  mcr.oy. 

Aug.  31 

Hampden      I'ark, 

i4 

ti 

2..30J,  2.32,'  2.32. 

B.  m.   Lu(y,  1st 
heat.  2.S1. 

$1,000 

t^priiifrflold. 

Sept.  0 

NnrrairauHet  Park, 
Providciuc. 

ii 

2.2fiJ,2.29J,2.30J. 

Bruno  and  Luc;>  : 
Bruno,  Edbtat, 
2.2'Jl. 

Mountain     Eoy, 

1,000 

"    80 

FnshionCoursejL.I. 

il 

ii 

8.255,  2.*1,  2.24. 

1,000 

Lmy.l!ri;ro,  & 

fieorficW  ilkes. 

Mountain  Hoy, 

2(1  beat.  2.S.M/. 

Oct    7 

Cnlon  Course,  L.I. 

^•. 

ii 

Mountain      Toy, 

2.Sfi.'..2.20.  2.i9. 

"    28 

NarrafianHet  Park, 
Providence,  B.  I. 

Wag. 

2-niUo  heats 

Istlieat:  Istm. 
a.*!'-,  Sd  m. 
2.:!.->,"       total 
r.ll}.  2(lh't: 
1st  m  2.40.  Sd 
m.  2.  :!2i,  to- 
tal .').12i. 

Old  Put,  seror.d 
money,  JSCO. 

750 

"    24 

11             It 

nar. 

1,  best  3  In  5 

2.271,  Stl. 

Lucr,    1st.    2.28, 
2.2t)i.  2.Sif,.'.  £d 
money.     JKO: 
Dan   Rice  and 

Bruno. 

Nov.  4 

ii             li 

it 

ii 

2d   beat,  dead ; 
3d  licat,  'AsW. 

Lucyiwilbdrawn 
alter  Sd  l:tat) ; 
1st  beat.  2.30. 

2,000 

1868 

May  22 

FaebioiiOourse,L.I. 

11 

ii 

8.24i,  2.23,  2.25. 

Lucy.  (i(n.  But- 
ler.Buller.CJco. 
WilkiR,  Allan- 
1  \    and     Jack- 
son. 

750 

"    28 

tfc                          iV 

Wag. 

ii 

2.24,  2.26,  2.25i. 

Lucy.        George 
Wilkes.  Puller. 

750 

JonelS 

Nttrraganeet  Park, 
Providence,  R.  I. 

Har. 

ii 

2.23i,  2.21,  2.26. 

Lucy. Rolla, Gold- 
dust,  Moi:r1ain 
Boy,Kl]ri:tIfrd 

1,000 

"   85 

MyKtic  Park,  Med- 
ford,  MasiB. 

'* 

ii 

2.221, 2.845, 2.25. 

Lucv  ar      Rolla 
Goldd((St. 

1,COO 

"     9 

Union  Course,  L.  I. 

ti 

ii 

2.2.'ii,2  21,2.25J. 

Mountain  P<)y,2d 
beat.  2.2H. 

2,0C0 

July  14 

Narrajjnnsot  Park, 
Providence,  B.  I. 

Wag. 

ii 

2.27K  2.27J,  2.30. 

Mountain  Hey,  3d 
beat,  £.27. 

i,':oo 

"    15 

,1              It 

Har. 

ti 

2.27i,  8.271, 2.30. 

George    Milkes, 

3d  beat,  2.?9. 
Mountain     Eoy. 

IjOOO 

Jug.  3 

Staten  Island. 

ti 

\  mile,  once 

1.4BJ. 

round  tbe 

1st  heat,  l.<iU, 

track. 

1.50i. 

Sept.  7 

Suffolk  Park,  Phll- 

adclnhitt. 
Point  Bi  cezc,  Phll- 

ii 

1,  best  3  in  5 

2.22,  2.26,  2.29. 

Mountain     Boy, 
1st  heat,  2iT). 

1,000 

"    16 

ii 

ii 

Mountain      Pov, 

j     ndelphia. 

2.24J.2  244.2.24. 

"    30 

.  Union  Course.  L.  I. 

ii 

ii 

8.24,  !S.m,  2.27?. 

Mountain  Boy. 

■   2,000 

WOAT 

sa. 


m.  let 
-t  iiiilo 
in.  X'.ST, 
:,h  S(l 
St  mile 
il  niilo, 
iir.dj. 
St  lent ; 
S.sn.id 
II,  total 
il  lirnt: 
a.K;,Sd 
li,  tolnl 

;m.2.e(:i. 

MuKli 
ir.oiu'y. 
17.  l^t 

ol. 

!l  I  iirv  : 
Edhtat, 

Eoy, 
ri;ro,  & 
VMIkcs. 
lin  Hoy, 
,  2.i.'4^ 

Eov, 
20.  'J.ii). 
fpror.d 


t.    2.28, 

M).  2d 

*2.-.0: 

Ice  and 

lidrnwn 
.1  Iicnt) ; 
t.  2.80. 
n.  Rut- 
ler.(;co. 
,  Allan- 
Jnck- 

Grorfre  1 
.  Emlcr.! 
la.Golri- 
oi;i^1aiii  I 

it.c  If  rd ' 

KoUa  j 

1  P<)y,2d 

.2H. 

iHcy,Sd 

ivilkcs, 
,  2.?9. 
1      Eoy, 
It,  l.OJ, 

I     Boy, 

t,  2ST>. 
1      Bov, 
2«.9.24. 
1  Boy. 


$1,000 
1,0C0 

1,000 


150 


2,000 
7B0 

750 
1,000 

1,COO 
2,CC0 
1,000 
1,000 

1,000 
8,000 


PERFORM.\NCE8  OF  LADY   TIIORNK. 
rEUFOUSIANCES  OF  L.\DY  rilOliVE- Continued. 


847 


DATS. 


cocRan. 


S  3  §     DISTANCE. 


\i 


3§i 


i  Got.  16    Narm'jrani'ot  Park, 
I'l-uvidi'ucu. 


nor.  !l,  best  3  ta  r.'s.a.l,  3.24i,  S.90. 


AOAISST  WHAT 
IlUllKE. 


"    89    Wavcrh     Driving  " 

*^|      I'ark.N..!.  ., 

Nov.  9    FttfhioiiCJourKcL.I.  ^_ 
N0V.88  '  Union  C'oiirst',L.  I. 


1868  N0V.88 


1809 


May  4  >  FashionCourgc.L.I. 

"    10  I 

.Innell^nii'Mand       Park. 

Nowlmrfr,  N.  ^ . 

"    80    NnrraL'aiisot  Park, 

I     Provideu<-c,  It.  1. 


July  19 '  FasliioaCours'j,!.!. 

"    2R  '  rnlonCoursc,  L.  I.l 
Ang.93  ;  Sarato;,^. 

"    88  ;  Prospect  Fair 

(irounde,  L.  I. 


Was. 
liar. 


»  07  2  2.'),  2  2.'i. 

2.2rfi,2.2-J,2.:*>i 


■3.2e,8.29i,2.20i. 
2.30,  2.27,  9.20. 


sa  heat,  2.27 ;. 
2.91?, 8.20}, 2.21} 


Sept.  S 


Point  Breeze,  Phil- 
;     adelphia.    ,    .   ,  1 
"    18    Prospect  Park,  u.  1 

Oct.    1    Mystic  Park,  Med- 1 
■ford.  Mass. 
"      8  1  Narrawm-Pt  Park. 
I     Providence,  K.  I. 


1870  July  4  FasWonConrse.L.: 


^3    Prospect  Park,  L.  I 


Total. 


8.20;,9.20J,2.30i.| 

2.231, 2.91, 2.22J.i 
2.21.!,9.19;,2.20i.| 

2.22J,  9.23,  8.22. 

2.20i,  2.80},  2.20. 
2.19J,  2.181,2.31. 

2.83i,  8,83, 8.841, 


8.19,V,2.20},2.191 


Lncv.    Isf  heat, 

•i.i-'.i:  2d  licat. 

2,2-^i  :    liciirm'  I 

Wilkes.  ItlKxli^  1 

I'jIiiiKl,  &  tieo. 

Palmer.  | 

Mountain     Boy,  ; 

2..S0,2,2HJ,2.-^7.  ] 

Lucy.  ' 

Gooru'C    Wilkes, 

match  declared 

a  draw  II  race ; 

2.aHi.2.27},9.H(lJ 

American     »iiii, 

.■ith  heat,  2,301. 

.\nieilcnn  Ciirl. 

Moiiiitain     Hoy,  i 

S.-i8J,2.33;,2  2K.  I 

American     Oirl,  I 

2.2;iJ.2.19.2.2(U,  '. 

OoldsmitliMald. 

George  PalniiT, 

Lucy.       2d  money 

American     <iiil.  \ 

2.281,2.24:,2,2.1}. 

Goldsmith  Maid. 

I  Mountain     Hoy. 

2,27,2,21  J.2.-'r.J. 

I  Goldsmitli  Maid, 

1      .\merican  Girl. 

j  Moinitain  Boy. 

Goldsmith  Maid, 
I     .\merican  (iirl. 
GeorRo    Palmer, 
Kliodo    Island, 
I      Mountain  Boy. 
George    Palmer, 
Goldsmith  Maid. 
Goldsmith  Maid. 
Geo.  Palmer,  Sd 
hcat.21!l}.Amer- 
ican  Girl,  Rhode 
Islan<l. 

George  Palmer, 
tJeorgeWilkes, 
Lucy,  Ameri- 
can  Girl,  Gold- 
smith Maid. 
Goldsmith  Maid. 


|;1,(VjO 


2,000 

2,000 
2,000 


700 
2,000 

2,000 

2.000 
1,500 

2,100 

2,000 
3,500 

2,500 

5,000 
01,125 


" '  *,otto,i  fifi  races  •  won  51,  lost  15 ;  received  $60,175 

She  has  heen  on  the  tv-f  eleven  years ;  trotted  60  races ,  won      , 

first  money  and  $950  secoi  '  money. 


248 


TUE   UOUSK. 


GOLDSMITH   MAID. 

(I'OKMKRLY  GOLDSMITH  MAKE.) 

The  history  of  this  celebrated  trotting   mare  is   fertile  in 
eventful  incidents,  the  more  remarkable,  perhaps,  from  the  fact 
that  it  was  not  until  she  was  eight  years  old  that  she  began  to 
develop  those  wonderful  qualities  of  speed  and  endurance  Avhich 
lias  since  marked  her  career  npon  the  turf.     Goldsmith  Maid  is 
a  blood  bay ;  she  stands  15^  hands  high,  and  was  foaled  in  the 
spring  of  1S57.  )  She  was  bred  by  John  B.  Decker,  of  Orange 
"■Connty,  K  Y.,  and  kept  upon  that  gentlemen's  farm  Avithout 
grain  or  handling  until  the  winter  of  1SG5,    In  February  of  that 
year,  Mr.  Decker  sold  her  to  his  son,  Mr.  John  B,  Decker,  jun., 
for  the  nominal  sum  of  $250,  who,  on  his  way  home  with  her  to 
another  part  of  the  county,  was  induced  to  dispose  of  her  to  Mr. 
William  Tompkins,  of  Hampton,   Orange  County,  for   8-500. 
While  in  this  gentleman's  possession  she  was  put  in  harness  and 
driven  occasionally,  though  not  Avith  the  view  of  fitting  her  for 
the  tnvt     Her  exceeding    amlntion    made  her  restive  under 
restraint,  and  in  her  eagerness  to  cover  the  ground  quickly  it 
was  difficult  to  steady  her  into  a  regular  gait.     This  difficulty  to 
settle  her  down  to  her  work,  doubtless  led  her  owner  to  a  mis- 
apprehension of  her  real  worth,  for  we  find  that  on  the  2Gth  of 
March  of  the  same  year,  Mr.  Tompkins  parted  with  her,  Mr. 
Alden  Goldsmith  becoming  the  purchaser  for  the  sum  of  §050. 
The  latter  gentleman  had  previously  observed  the  mare,  and 
entertained  the  idea  that  with  proper  training  and  a  diiferent 
course  of  treatment  she  could  be  made  a  good  and  fast  trotter, 
and  to  him  belongs  the  credit  of  first  discerning  and  of  ultimately 
developing  those  qualities  for  which  she  is  now  so  eminently 
noted. 

Mr,  Goldsmith  immediately  took  her  in  hand  and  commenced 


GOLDSMITH   MAID. 


240 


fertile  in 
'HI  tliei'act 
e  began  to 
iuice  M-liioh 
itli  Maid  is 
>iilefl  in  the 
of  Oi'ange 
•m  -ttitliout 
arj  of  that 
c'ker,  jim., 
witli  licr  to 
'  her  to  Mr. 
for   $;5(]0. 
mrness  and 
ing  lier  for 
itive  nnder 
quickly  it 
lifficulty  to 
5r  to  a  mis- 
he  2Cth  of 
h  her,  Mr, 
1  of  §(i50. 
mare,  and 
a  diiferent 
ist  trotter, 
ultimately 
eminently 


breaking  and  training  her  fur  the  trotting  turf  P'inding  her  oi 
a  naturally  amiable  dispoiiition,  all  traditional  rules  were  dis- 
carded and  a  new  method  origiiuited,  the  main  feature  of  which 
was  kiud  treatment.  Her  high-strung  nature  would  not  brook 
the  lash,  and  her  sensitive  ear  heeded  not  the  boisterous  demand  ; 
H  gentle  word  kindly  spoken  was  the  talisman,  the  utterance  of 
wliich  subdued  her  hitiierto  ungovernable  temper  and  ever  after 
won  her  obedience.  Always  high  mettled  and  ambitious,  this 
treatment  soon  made  her  tractable  and  manageable,  and  she  be- 
gan rapidly  to  improve  in  speed  and  in  her  style  of  going,  until 
her  best  points  were  finally  developed. 

It  may  not  be  amiss  in  this  connection  to  venture  the  sug- 
gestion that  if  Mr,  Goldsmith's  regime  with  Goldsmith  Maid 
was  more  generally  observed  in  breaking  and  training  high- 
spirited  horses  for  the  turf,  the  result  to  their  owners  would  bo 
much  more  satisfactory.  The  blooded  horse,  though  usually  high- 
strung,  possesses  a  certain  degree  of  intelligence,  one  of  the 
characteristics  of  which  is  that  he  will  appreciate  and  repay  a 
kindness  as  readily  as  he  will  fret  under  and  resent  bad  treat- 
ment. 

In  the  latter  part  of  April,  1SG5,  Goldsmith  Maid  was  attacked 
with  a  severe  throat  distemper,  and  in  consequence  was  not  again 
harnessed  until  about  the  first  of  June,  It  was  not,  however, 
until  August  of  the  same  year  that  she  made  her  first  appearance 
in  public ;  this  was  at  the  Orange  County  Horse  Association 
Fair,  when  she  won  the  premium  for  which  she  contended,  at 
Goshen,  over  all  competitors,  in  three  straight  heats,  in  2:39 — 
2:37—2:36. 

During  the  season  of  1SG6  she  trotted  beveral  times,  and  won 
all  the  purses  she  started  for  in  pi;blic  but  one,  when  she  was 
beaten  at  Copake,  N.  Y,,  by  General  Butler,  in  2:23|,  this  time 
being  the  ftistcst  ever  made  by  that  horse  in  harness.  These  and 
her  subsequent  performances  will  be  found  below.  In  November, 
18(58,  she  was  sold  by  Mr,  Goldsmith  to  her  present  owners, 
Messrs,  B.  Jackman  and  Budd  Doble,  for  the  princely  sum  of 
$20,000, 


mmenced 


250 


THE  U0B8E. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  GOLDSMITH  MAID. 

As  proviou.^ly  rciniirked,  (loldsmith  Alaid  was  foalotl  in  tlio 
Bpni'iJj  of  1.S57;  slio  is  a  bloud  bay,  15|  haiulrf  liiji'li,  anil  in  iini- 
vtTsally  coiicudtnl  to  lie  the  best  liviiij,'  representative  t.t'the  Ab- 
(hdlali  strain.  This  is  a  roniarkablo  faet  when  it  is  considered 
thai;  although  both  t-iro  and  dam  were  of  Abdallah  stock,  in 
form,  size,  and  general  characteristics,  she  bears  little  or  no 
res>.  ni])lance  to  the  illustrions  family  from  M-hence  she  has 
tprung.  In  procreation  nature  is  sometimes  arbitrary  in  her 
laws  ;  in  the  case  of  (Joldsmith  Alaid  this  mysterious  departure 
roin  hereditary  marks  is  most  strikinp;.  Though  her  lower 
lijtio^  are  clean  and  well  formed,  her  shoulders  are  sloping; 
though  her  neck  and  throttle  ai-o  arrowy,  resend)ling  Flora 
Temple's,  her  head  small  and  linely  cut,  and  her  eyes  sparkle 
with  resolution  and  courage,  yet  there  is  an  absence  of  syinmetry 
in  her  general  contour,  and  to  one  nnnsed  to  horses  of  her  pecu- 
liar build,  her  receding  withers  and  dro()i)ii  g  hams,  though  per- 
haps indicating  strength,  are  not  at  all  suggestive  of  the  speed 
and  endurance  for  which  she  is  so  notably  famous.  As  an  evi- 
dence of  what  thorough  training  can  accomplish,  she  still  ])re- 
serves  her  good  health,  and  at  very  short  notice  can  be  put  in 
condition  for  a  trotting  contest.  After  all  her  labors  on  the 
turf  she  is  now  capable  of  as  much  latigue  as  she  ever  was,  and 
doubtless  will  yet  eclipse  her  past  perfornninces.  l^p  to  the 
10th  of  October,  ISTO,  she  has  won  Ibr  her  owners  the  large 
mm  of  $58,000,  and  if  she  lives,  with  proper  care,  she  may 
double  the  amount. 

PEDIOREE  OF   GOLDSMITH  MAID. 

Goldsmith  Maid,  bay  filly,  foaled  in  1857,  bred  by  John  B. 
Decker,  of  Orange  County,  New  York,  by  Edsall's  llamble- 
tonian  (afterwards  called  Alexander's  Abdallah). 

1st  dam  by  Old  Abdallah. 

Alexander's  Abdallah,  formerly  Edsall's  Ilambletonian,  pedi- 
gree will  be  found  under  the  head  of  "  Thorndale,"  in  this  work. 

Old  Abdallah,  the  sire  of  Goldsmith  Maid's  dam,  Avill  be 
found  under  the  head  of  "  Rysdyk's  Ilambletonian." 


'•JfJrWi*  li  .ii!H^:-ihyjff<iM»-^V-''l^"- 


PKUI'UKMANCKS   oF   (JOLimMlTlI    MAIO. 


261 


FERFORMANCES  OP  GOLDSMITH  MAID. 


1H(15 


19J7 


S.'pt.  7 


Oct.  15 
Ni.T.  9 
May  1« 
Jiinp  6 
"   89 

Sept.13 
Oct.  93 


1809  Jnno  4 
July  1 
"     4 

"   17 

"    80 


(loBlicn      Coiirffp^    llnr. 
Uranxu  ('<).,  N.  \. 

Doty  rark,  PduuIi-  " 
kcK'pHlo,  N.  Y.       ' 

Copiiko  Purk.  <'t>-  I  " 
liiinlil:!  lO.,  N.  Y. 

Mldillolowii,  N.  J.    I     " 

ni.,'hlan-l  Tnilliii','  " 
l"k.Ni!wl)urL',N.Y. 

Wntoit.iii  Kivcr  " 
I'uik  Ahsii.,  N.  Y. 


Ooshoii  Fair,  <)r- 
iuv,'«  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Niirm'^niisct  Park, 
Provlilouco. 


PongUkecpBlo.N.Y, 

WnvcM-ly  Fair 

(IrmimlK,  N.  .1. 
t'nion  Course,  L.  1. 


I.ilanrt  Park  Course, 


Buffalo 
Park. 


Driving 


ISOi) 


Aug.  0 
"    81 

Sept.  1 
"    17 

Oct.  a 


'    30 
May  89 


June  9 
"      9 


13 


Seneca      Falls 

CourHc,  N.  Y, 
PlttsllflU,  Musi*. 

Suffolk  Park,  Pliila 

iK'Iohi'i. 
lllijlil  vnd       Pnrk, 

Nowburg,  N.  Y'. 


Island    Pnrk,    Al- 
bany, N.  Y, 

Mystic  Park,  Bos- 
ton, Mass. 

Point  Breeze.  Phil. 

Prospect        Park, 

BrookljTi,  L.  I. 


Union  Course,  L.  1. 

Riverside       Park, 
Boston,  Mass. 

Mystic  Park,  Med- 
I'ord,  Mass. 


l,boBt8ltiB;«.8H,9.nO.S.;H). 
3..T9,  9.41,  8.81. 


23    Xarraf;«nfiot  Pnrk. 
Providence,  B.  I. 


2.89J,2.80,9.»»J. 

3(1  lirat.  9.8;ii; 
Jkl  (11*1.1 

8.3S,  S..1I,8.3U. 

8.l)U,9.S0J,8..')0i. 


8.'      !.32i,9.31J. 

2.":|.  J.al,9.88J. 

Ith  beat.  8.9;i; ; 
nth  Ileal,  8.J8. 

8d. 

9.ai;,8.8-K,9.20J 


Best  time,  S.833 
2.!)8,  a.W,  9.965 
2.90!,2.al.l,8.20! 
2.28,  3.86!. 

2.90,2.97.1,8.25. 
2.2.3,9.913,9.97. 
2.99.i,  8.87,  8.25. 


Sd. 
3d. 

9.8a-Sd. 
8d. 


rnrleSnin.Moim- 
ti;lii  ««>v.  and 
Wild  IrUlinmn 

Horri'll  mil. 

Ui-at  liy  tiiiirral 
lluller,  S.281, 
8.2.->'.,  2.27. 

Beat  bv  Dexter, 
3.!W',"2.fi:l,2.i«. 

Tormeul. 

Crazy  Jane,  9.20, 
2  2T ;  C'anlnln 
'I'alluiun  iillsl.) 

N  1'  «■  b  II  r  t'  li 
HriM'se. 

May  (Jucen,  iW 
bi'al,2.!il;  Coii- 
Iblciice,  Ciil. 
Mavnaid.Cia/.y 
.laiic.  Bruno. 
Old  Put. 

Am.  (ilrl,  M  li.. 
2.2";:  2db.,2.2H. 

(leneial  Butler. 

Am.  (ilrl.  1st  h., 
2.2."i;2<lb.,2.2(i;; 
:!d  h.,  'J:M. 

Liiry  won  In  2.9N, 
3.20,  2.241. 

Ithoilo  Maud.  3d 
h.,2.2li;  •Itlib., 
3.2il;  Silas  HUli, 
Am.  (ill  1.  Clara, 
and  Panic. 

Mountain  Maid 
and  Clara. 

Dan  Mare's 
Itluide  Muiid. 

Oeorire  Wilkes)  & 
American  (;lil. 

George  Piilnier 
won  In  2.27J, 
2.25^;,  9.2rtl; 
F  e  a  r  n  a  u  i;  1:  t 
(dlst.)  2d  money. 

Geo.  Wilkes,  2d 
money;  Geort;o 
Palmer,  3(1  mon. 

Geo.  Palmer,  1st 
2.2U;<(.\Vilkes, 
Draco  Prince. 

Georiio  Wilkes. 

Am.  Girl,  2.a.;j, 
2.'«h2.21;Luiy, 
Bashaw.  Jr., 
Rhode  Island,  & 
(Jeorije  Wilkes. 

Am.Glrl.2  22J,2.83. 

2.2ij ;  Lucy,  2d. 
Am.  Girl,  1st  (no 
time     named) ; 
Bashaw,  3d. 
Am.   Girl,    1st— 
2.221, 2.91,  2.24  ; 
Georj^e  Palmer, 
8d ;  Lncv,  4th. 
Am.    Girl.  1st— 
2.92>,2.10.9.2(M; 
I.advThoni«,2d; 
CJeoVfre  Palmer, 
4th;  Lucy,5U». 


.'HJO 

BOO 

900 

750 

1,000 
1,000 

500 
2,000 

700 
1,300 

900 
1,250 

1,500 

i,oyo 

350 

1,500 

300 

I 


252 


THE    HORSE. 


PERFORMANCES  OF  OOLDHMITH  MAID— CVMMnwt/. 


DATI, 


1«0()  July  s 
'  111 
'   ai 


Auf;.  11 
"    88 


Sept.  1 


"    17 
Oct.   1 


COUMB. 


ilHi 


DIDTAMCB. 


"     81 

Nov.U 


1870;  JlIUO  1 
•     15 


Myotic  Pork,  Hoc.   i  Har. 

Siiffiilk  Park.  Plill.  !    " 
I'liiuii  t'oinr'C,  L.  I.I    " 


niin'nk)       Drivlui; 

I'lirk.  L.  1. 
Pruvpcct  Park. 

I.anrflHtor,  Pcnn. 
Point  Hretzc,  Phil. 


Illniflinnitoii. 
WcniiitDii,  Priin. 
Myotic  Park,  Uob- 
ton. 


Narnnwneet  Park, 
Providence. 


Hcrdlc  Park,  Wll- 
llaiiiKiKirt,  PiMiii. 
Daltiuiuru,  Md. 


Prospect  Park,  L.  I 


BeaiOD  Park,  Boe- 
tun. 
80  I  MyHtlc  Park,  Macx. 

"    IM  '  NarratraiiRi't  Park, 
j      Providence,  H.  I. 
July   0    Fleetwood      Park, 
Morrlt-aiiln. 

"    88    Protpect  Park, L.  1 

Auk.  10 '  niiffiilo  Park,  Buf- 
I      Inlo,  N.  y. 
"    31  '  Narrajxaiifet  Park 
1      Providence  Jl.  I. 
Sept  10  i  Point  Breeze  Park, 
I     Pliiln.,  Penn. 
"    15    Prospect  Park  Fair 
Urouud,  L.  I. 


Oct.  10 


31 


Deacon  Park  Fall 
Meeting.  Brigh- 
ton, Mat!i». 

Narragannet  Park, 
Providence,  E.  1 


ProBpect  Park,  L.  I 
Total  wlnnlnijg. . . 


l,beiit81nB«.'J0' 8.ii;,a.ar, 
8.aii.ii.-i4.a,!Mj. 
t.-ii,  8.8a,  8.iiii. 
8U. 

«.i!)j.3.ioi,a.in;. 

8d. 


«.SlJ,8.Sfl!,8.805. 
3d. 


Wag. 


8.9ft;,  9.85, 8.87}. 

8.!i-4,8.mi,8.aj. 

8d. 


8(1. 


8.a0},8.88},3.30}, 

No    tlino    re- 
corded. 

2.33.;,  8.88, 8.8»!. 

8.86;,  3.!M,  3.34. 

3.39,  S.80J,  8.86. 

8.35, 9.381, 8.88i. 

3.8i;,9.93:,9.8i; 


3.83>,  8.31,  3.30. 
3.9.3.;,  3.34,  3.96. 
3.3&,  3.34,  8.36. 


8.801,3.84,3.80}, 
3.38,  8.93.;,  3.91. 

9.8i;,8.85;,3.365. 


AOAINHT  WHAT 
UUIWM. 


I.iicy. 

(ifoiKc  Palmer. 
Aiiii'iU'iin  (ilrl. 
I.iidyTliorncS.ali, 

•j.ai,  a.ii;. 
American  Ulrl. 

LadyThome.lct; 
Aiueriian  <llrl, 
.Hil.  Vd  money, 
Ainerlcnii  (Ilrl. 
Lady  Tliorni',  Ut 
pr.-3.9IJ,8.Hi;, 
a.V':i|;  Am.  Cilrl, 
8<l  money. 

.•;d  mcircy, 

American  (ilrl. 

American  <Jlrl,9d. 

Lady  T  h  o  r  n  e, 

3.90)  ,8.901, 9, ail; 

(leo.Palmcr,  iid; 

Am.  (ilrl,  4tii. 

Lady  Tliorne,  Ut 

pr.     9.1!t",9.1^1, 

9.91;  (1.  Palmer, 

9d;    American 

Olrl.-lth;  Lucy, 

5th.    ad  moiu'y, 

American  Olrl. 

Beat  Oeo.WllkeH, 

9d;  Dolde'gUot- 

f^pur,  al. 

Am. (Ilrl, 9<I:  Geo. 

Wilkes,  ad. 
Geo,  Palmer,  9d; 

Am.  (iirl,  ;id. 
Geo.  Palmer,  2d ; 

Am.  (!irl,  Kd. 
Am.(llrl,9d;Geo. 

Palmer,  M. 
Geo.  Palmer,  Ipt 

heBt,9.98J;  Am. 

(Ilrl,  !i(l. 
LadyThornc,9.1fll, 

9.90J,  a.ini. 
George  Palmer. 

Lucy,9d;  George 
WllkcH,  3d. 

Lucy,  9il ;  George 
WiikeH,  3d. 

Beat  by  Honcpt 
Allen  and  run- 
ning mate — 
3.U1,9.17'.  ,9.211. 

Am.  Girl,  9(1  pr., 
$700;  Mountain 
Boy,.'kl  pr.,  fOTO. 

Lucy,  9d  money, 
$1,000;  Monn- 
tain  Boy,  8d 
money,  ?B0O. 

George  Wilkes. 


1,(1110 
900 


6,000 
1,«(K) 

1,000 


r(Ki 

6,000 


3,0flO 
8,400 

i,(;oo 
8,.';oo 

8,000 

4,000 
3,600 

8,000 

1,600 
9,600 

1,000 
.|E9,C0C) 


Winning  In  five  ye.ars.    Since  Sept.  1805  to  Oct.  10, 1870,  the  has  trotted  61  races;  won  £3, 
lOBt  17 ;  received  second  and  third  money  In  10. 


iiiTf  ft*  rill  1  ■< 


DErfEB. 


258 


uuu 


6,000 
1,000 

V.Q 

1,000 


rno 

6^ 


8,000 
8,400 
1,COO 
8,r>0O 
8,000 

4,000 
3,E«0 

8,000 


pr,. 

l,B0O 

uin 

■i()l< 

ey. 

2,600 

in- 

8(1 

\ 

e. 

1,000 

...|E9,C0O 

DEXTER. 

joys  a  inoro  deserved  cdcb   tv,  tl.a  ^     ^^  j^.^ 

iotcb.     Inviewins^.i^noblca.u.aa.h.^^         .^ 

l,rdly  quarter,  to  -"\*  ^ J— ^^^    l,    -upled  .itUthat 
cine,  the  tir«t  nnpreBsum  i.  that  ot   una  ^        .^^^      ^^.^ 

symmetrical  form,  fine  umBCurt  ^  ^.^^^^^  ^^^^ 

fla.hin.  eye,  «  'f ;""' ^'^^'J^'^.roud  port,  all  unite  in  one 
head,  gW,  nch  '  -"  ^  J^^J  ,,  jLi;  origin.  The.e 
harmonious  .ns^m/A  and  tell  ^t  J  the  turf, 

combined  .ualitieB,  added  «  ^^  ^^"^  ^^^tfe  triu         <.f  ^nind 

over  matter.     A»  un  u  i  ^^^tralian,  as  the  reprcsenta- 

refer  to  two  examples,  mi.  .  ^^'^■■'\'\"  '  ^|,,^t  of  the  Amer- 

tivo  type  of  the  English  rac.r,  ^"^  ^^  f;\.;^^^^^^^^^  us  the 

ican  trotter.     In  the  proportion  that  '^^J^l^'        ^^,^,^^  ^ear 
lineal  descendant  of  the  Godolplun  Ara^^ui,  doc       ^^^ 
,o  the  celebrated  Messenger  ;^b^^^^^^^^^^  \j  ,,,,,. 

being  improved    ^^P^^  f  .*\.3ietvpe  in  his  native  wilds. 
Dexter,  to-day,  contrasted ^:^^'l'l'^^^^^     wonder,-we  an     \ 
exhibits  a  degree  of  Por^^ction J^^at  pxcitc  ^.^^^  ^^ 

amazed  that  human  knowlc<^^|0  in  its  o^^^^^  ^^^^^^,^  ^^^^^^^..     \ 

the  lights  of  science  can  ««  1^^;/^^^^^^^^       ^le  noblest  of  the      \ 
,,  r,  in  a  i.ce   ---^-^S^^^^  trotting  horse,  with 
Zt  :l  ^-nUve  type,  w^  cannot  fail  to  see  a  con-    J 

-x;;:rrb^>--5,-t^^ 


964 


TllK  iioUHi:. 


white  Htockinj^rt  and  ii  hh/.od  Ihcc  IJih  lioad,  tlioiifjli  Koincwlnit 
largo,  irt  clean  ami  Imiiy  ;  lower  juw  well  open  at  tlu!  Iiiisc,  loav- 
inj?  arnplo  rouiii  for  tlio  wiiul-piiu' ;  carrt  taiu-rin;;  and  livi'Iy; 
cycH  lii-i;,dit  and  prominent;  liuad  well  net  on  to  ii  rather  li;ilit 
lU'ck,  which  irt  well  fitted  to  tino  wlopinj;  HhunlderH  ;  witlu^v  liii.li, 
with  great  <lcpth  of  hris^ket,  and  u  good  harril;  liack  hlightiv 
arched,  with  bruttd  loin  and  hipH,  and  a  drooping  rump;  iin- 
fonnnonly  long  from  point  of  the  hip  to  the  hock  ;  nhort  ciiniioii 
hone.  Though  wide  across  tho  hipn,  ho  in  Htill  wider  measured 
ucrorirt  tho  atillcri,  whero  his  j)owor  in  most  apparent;  tine  arm 
and  thigh;  Inn  limit-*  aro  ehnm  and  aincwy  and  without  Itleniiih, 
with  long  partternw  lilting  into  wU-shapod  liootk ;  mono  and  tail 
Bulliciently  long  and  full,  and  hk  general  ni)i)earancc  that  of  a 
thoroughbred. 

Dexter  never  made  liis  appearance  on  tho  turf  until  he  wiw 
six  years  t)ld,  when  ho  was  purehasicd  by  ]yir.  (ieorgo  Alley,  for 
!?k)(>,  who  sultsecpiently  sold  a  half-interest  in  him  to  a  Mr. 
Teaklo  of  California.  Ifo  nmde  hirt  (Lhitt  on  the  turf  at  the 
Fashion  Courric,  L.  I.,  May  4th,  1804,  for  a  i)urso  of  8l<"),  niile- 
lieatrt,  best  three  in  five,  when  ho  defeated  Stonewall  Jacksun, 
Lady  CoUiuH,  and  (Jen.  Grant,  hi  three  straight  licats;  time, 
2M—2M—2MI 

Iliti  iirst  assay  to  wagon  was  on  Mny  13th,  same  year,  at 
Union  Course,  L.  I.,  when  ho  beat  Doty's  bay  mai-o  for  piirse 
and  stake  of  $175,  niilo-heats^  bc^t  three  in  livo;  time,  2.30^  — 
2.39 ;  maro  drawn  after  sectjntl  lieat.  His  next  notable  pcr- 
fornuinco  was  at  Fashion  Course,  June  2d,  J  805,  -when  he  beat 
Gen.  Butler  in  three  straight  lieats,  for  purso  and  stake  of 
$2,000,  mile-heats,  three  in  live,  with  ease ;  time,  2.2G| — 
2.2(5 1— 2.244. 

In  his  Iirst  exploit  imder  saddle,  at  Fashion  Course,  L.  I., 
June  20th,  1805,  match  trot  for  $5,000,  three  mile  heats, 
Dexter  beat  Stonewall  Jackson  in  three  heats,  Stonewall  win- 
ning  the  first ;  thuo,  S.02.1 — S.05 — 8.00J.  The  race  was  trotted 
in  the  rain,  over  a  very  muddy  track,  Stonewall  being  the  favor- 
ite at  two  to  one.  It  was  not,  however,  until  October  10th, 
1805,  that  Dexter  astonished  the  world  with  his  wonderful 
speed.  On  that  date,  at  Fashion  Course,  L.  I.,  he  was  .r.atched 
to  trot  a  mile  in  2.19,  $1,000  vs.  $5,000,  which  he  won,  making 


OKXTKH. 


2r)6 


jllCWllJit 

r.  It'iiv. 

lively; 

IT  il^llf 

•luVI-, 
liVIitly 
>;  nil- 

ICMIIIKlll 
I'llSIII'Cll 

111'  iinii 
li'iiiii  li, 
iihI  tail 
if    ot'u 


tlio  iirnt  qiiartor  in  o.;;  |,  Imll' inllc  iti  IjMl.',  ami  \\u>  mile  iti 
'J.1H][.  Ootultor  'J7,  ls<i.'),  liu  (li'ti'iitLMl  (ieii.  IhitliT  lit  u  tnutrli 
fur  f2,<MM»,  t\V(>  nii!(i  licats,  in  lisiniosH;  tiiiu!  :,.()n;i— [.:,(;]. 
This  was  lilrt  liiht  j»t'i't'unriiiiieu  in  |S(;r». 

On  Monday,  May  7th,  lh(»(l,  Dexter  wart  nold  at  puhl'u! 
nni;tii»n  at  tliu  Fashitui  Courw,  to  cIoho  the  purtneriiliii*  be- 
tween Mr.  Alley  ami  Mr.  Teakle  ;  this  heiii!^'  eoni-idereil  the 
fairest  way  to  piaUe  u  division  of  intercslu.  Ilo  wai*  purelias-ed 
hy  Mr.  Alley  for  i?l4,<»(;0. 

After  wiiniing  weverul  trots  (hu'inf^  iho  fii-st  part  of  tlio 
Hcason  of  jsdll,  wo  find  him  n;^ain  defeatinjjj  (ien.  I'wilcr,  under 
Haddlo  at  I'ldfalo,  Auj;ut.t  Istli,  same  year,  in  ndlo  lieat-^,  llireo 
m  live  ;  lime  --'.'.'Ij^— 2. I'D— 2.18. 

Another  lino  i)erfornmneo  of  Dexter  waa  hiri  defeat  of  the 
celebrated  i)acer  Maj^oozler,  winnin^j  lirst  pnrse,  !i>l,r)()0,  ut 
rittrtbnrj^di,  I'a.,  in  October,  iSfU;,  best  lime  )>.\ll'l.  On  Nov. 
L'4,  ISOO,  ho  also  defeated  the  famouM  jmeer  Polly  Ann,  at 
Washinjjjton,  D.  C. ;  best  time,  2.21.]. 

Dexter'iJ  first  triunii)h  over  l-ady  Thome,  tlio  reeofridzed 
queen  of  tho  trottiu}^  turf,  wan  ut  Fashion  (.'ounie,  L.  I.,  IVlay 
28th,  18()7,  in  a  match  for  82,(I0(»,  mile  heats,  three  in  live,  in 
harnes.H,  when  ho  defeated  th(j  niaro  in  two  heats,  distuneinj);  her 
in  the  second;  time,  2.24 — 2.22.  The  second  of  tho  series  of 
ni:it(die8  of  82,'>')0  each,  between  these  two  favorites,  came  off 
over  tho  eanio  cour.se,  on  Juno  7th,  same  year,  mile  heats,  three 
in  five,  to  wagon,  and  resulted  in  another  victory  for  Dc.xter,  ho 
malving  tho  best  time  to  wagon  on  record ;  time,  2.32 — 2.24 — 
2.28. 

One  of  Dexter'.s  principal  defeats  resulted  in  his  greatest 
triumph  ;  this  was  on  Juno  21st,  1SG7,  when,  for  a  match  of 
$250,  going  single  nnlu  in  liarness,  against  Ethan  Allen  and 
running  nuito,  he  was  beaten  in  three  heats,  on  tho  fastest  time 
over  made  in  the  world,  viz.,  2.15 — 2.1G — 2.19.  Many  who 
timed  him  on  this  occasion  assert  that  ho  trotted  a  mile  in  2.1G. 
This  time,  unfortunately,  cannot  be  placed  to  his  record,  being 
beaten  in  tho  match.  Those  who  are  familiar  with  trotting 
events  can  readily  understand  tho  immcnso  disadvantage  any 
single  horse  suffers  in  competing  with  another  fast  trotting  horse 
and  running  mate ;  yet,  notwithstanding  his  defeat,  his  owner 


vf) 


256 


THE   HOBSE. 


matched  him  for  §3,000,  on  the  l(5th  of  July,  same  year,  at 
the  Ish'md  Park  CourBe,  Albany,  N".  Y.,  against  Brown  George 
and  running  mate,  and  won  an  easy  victory  in  three  straight 
heats ;  time,  2.22]— 2.20|— 2.20^.  On  July  30th,  same  year, 
at  liiversido  Park,  Boston,  Mass.,  he  again  defeated  them  in 

three  straight  heats,  making  still  better  time,  viz.,  2.21  ^ — 2.19 

2.21  j^.  This  performance  was,  np  to  this  time,  the  fastest  har- 
ness time  on  record  ;  beating  Flora  Temple's  best  time  by  three- 
quarters  of  a  second,  which  fact  Avas  the  more  remarkable  be- 
cause of  the  Riverside  being  a  half  mile  track. 

Dexter's  greatest  time,  however,  had  not  yet  been  fairly 
tested.  As  many  were  of  opinion  that  he  had  arrived  at  the 
zenith  of  his  power  as  the  undisputed  king  of  the  trotting 
turf,  he  was  challenged  to  beat  his  own  fastest  recorded  time  of 
2.19.  The  match  Avas  made  for  $1,700,  and  the  time  beaten  at 
Bufialo,  l!^".  Y.,  when  he  astonished  the  world  by  trotting 
the  mile  in  2.17|.  It  was  then  announced  that  Eobert  Bon- 
ner, Esq.,  of  the  New  York  Ledger,  had  bought  tliis  wonder- 
ful gelding,  the  price  paid  for  him  being  $33,000,  and  that  im- 
mediately after  his  unlinit^hed  engagements  at  Chicago,  he 
would  be  withdrawn  from  the  turf. 

In  August  of  the  same  year.  Dexter  made  his  last  appear- 
ance hut  one  in  pubhc,  at  Dexter  Park,  Chicago,  111.,  when, 
for  a  purse  of  $2,800,  going  to  wagon,  he  beat  easily  Silas 
Eich,  Bashaw,  Jr.,  Tackcy,  and  General  Butler,  all  of  them  in 
harness,  the  latter  being  distanced  in  the  third  heat. 

Dexter's  last  public  performance  on  the  regular  turf  was 
at  Chicago,  September  7th,  1865,  when  he  had  the  honor  of 
again  defeating  his  old  competitors,  Brown  George  and  run- 
ning mate,  in  three  straight  heats;  time,  2.24 — 2.22 — 2.25. 
Thus  ei/ded  his  turf  career,  after  engaging  in  forty-nine  con- 
tests, losing  nine,  winning  forty,  and  realizing  to  his  owners 
the  princely  sum  of  $67,100,  exclusive  of  gate  money.  The 
following  is  the 

PEDIGREE  OP  DEXTER. 

Dexter,  browTi  colt,  foaled  in  1858,  bred  by  Mr.  Jonas 
Hawkins,  Orange  County,  N.  Y.,  by  Bysdyk's  Ilambletonian. 


dexter's  performakces. 


257 


1st  dam  a  mare  by  American  Star, 

For  pedigree  of  Rysdyk's  Hambletoniaii,  see  memoir. 

American  Star  was  a  chestnut  liorse,  foaled  1837,  bred  by 
Henry  II.  Berry,  of  Pompton  Plains,  Morris  Co.,  N.  Y.,  by 
American  Star,  son  of  Duroc. 

1st  dam  Sally  Slouch,  by  Henry. 

2d  dam  a  marc,  said  to  be  a  full  blood  Messenger. 


DEXTER'S  PERFORMANCES. 


he 


DATE. 


C0UR8B. 


1364iMay  4 


"     0 

"    Vi 
"    18 

June  3 


1865  June  2 
'    13 


"    88 

Sent.  7 
''    31 

Oct.  10 


'    19 
'    27 
1866,  JunelS 
July  2 


"  9 

"  19- 

"  29 

Aug.  6 

"  1» 

"  18 

"  25 


Sept  3 
"     8 


m  W  O 

a  J  g 

5  5?'     BISTAWCB. 

K  ^  i£  : 


A1AIKBT  WHAT 

uonsEa. 


FashlonCourse.L.I 

Union  Course,  L.  I 
FaBhionCour8e,L.I. 


Union  Course,  L.  I. 


FashionCourse.L.I. 


:^ 


Suffolk  P'k  Course, 

PhUadelphia,  Pa. 

Fa8hionCourse,L.I. 

Syracuse, N.  Y. 
Avon  Park,  N.  Y. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Fair  Grounds,  Buf- 
falo, N  Y. 
Clevelauu,  Ohio. 

HamtrancU  Course, 
Detroit,  Mich. 

Chicai»o  Driving 
Park,  Illinois. 


Har. 

Wag. 
Har 

WRg. 


Sad. 

liar. 

? 


t 
Wag.i 
liar!  2 
"      1 


Sad. 

Har. 

f 
Har. 

Sad. 

Har. 


1,  best  3  in  5  2.38,  2.80,  2.34?. 


\-2M.  2.3Ci,  2.37i 

ia.aif,  2.;w. 

12.3.%  2.33i,  2.30. 

Dexter    drawn 
after  1st  heat. 


2.26J,2.28h2.34i 
8.37. 


8.02i,  8.05,  8.09J. 

2.96'r.2.3H,2  22i. 
2.2oi,  2.20,  2.35. 

1st  qnarter  0.34, 
luUf  mile  1.06. 
milo2,18^ 
2.27i,  2.31,  2.29. 
hest3in5.").00;,  4.5t)i. 
best3ln5i2.2!ll,2  28i,2.27i, 
2.28,  2.27.  2.27i, 
2.341, 2.24J. 


Sad. 


3.2GJ,8.25,2.23i, 
2.24},  2.19,  3.23. 


227}. 
2.3H, 
2.371 


9.30i. 
2.91. 
2.29,  2.26. 


2.21!,  2.20,  3.18. 

2.32J,2.32?,2.32} 

2.24} 

2.30i, 

2.33}. 


,2.261,2.23}. 
2.24.^2.i8 


Stonewall  Jack- 
son. Lady  Col- 
Uns&Oen. Grant 

Lady  Collins. 

Doty's  hay  mare. 

Lady  Sliauuon  & 
Shark. 

Shark  and  Ham- 
bletonian.Shark 
winning  In  2.30, 
2.39;,2.42.  Prize 
$500. 

General  Butler. 

LadyThorne  won 
in  2.24,  2.26}, 
2.26K  Prize, 
$2,000. 

Stonewall  Jack- 
son. 

General  Butler. 

Gen.  Butler  and 
George  Wilkei-. 

Against  time. 

General  Butler. 
General  Butler. 
Geo.  M.  Patchen. 
Gen.  Butler  and 

Com'dore  Vau- 

dcrbilt. 
Goo.  M.  Patchen. 

Gen.  Butler  and 
Toronto  Chief. 

General  Butler. 

Geo.  M.  Patchen. 

Gco.M.Patchen& 
Rolla  GoldduBt 

General  Butler. 

Goo.  M.  Patchen 

and  Gen.  Butler. 

GeorpeM.  Patch 

en,  Jr. 
GeorpeM.Patch- 
I    en,  Jr. 
I* 


$100 


175 
175 
25U 


2,000 


5,000 

2,000 
1,000 

5,000 


2,000 
2,000 
1,000 
1,200 


2,000 
1,000 

1,000 
4,000 

9,100 
2,000 


Vol.  II.— 1" 


t 


258 


THE  HORSE. 
DEXTER'S  PERFORMANCES- Con«n««A 


DATS. 


C0UB8E. 


is:  H  o 

'  H  iJ  O  : 

:  S  O  ^     DISTANCE. 

3«g 


1867 


i 


Sept.lS 


"    82 

"    88 

Oct.    6 
"    81 

Nov.  11 
"    17 


'    80 

May  16 
"    28 

June  7 
'  14 
'    21 


"    29 
Jnly  4 


"    10 

"  18 
"  96 
"    80 

Aug.  14 
"    33 

Sept  6 


Cold  Spring  Course, 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 


Adrian,  Mlchlpan. 
Toledo       Driving 

Park,  Ohio. 
Kalamazoo    Park, 

Ohio. 
Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Ballimorc,  Md. 


Washington,  D.  C. 


Mlddletown,  N.Y. 
PaBhlonCourso,L.I. 


Har. 


Sad. 


Har. 


Wag, 
Har. 


TIJIE. 


8.!M4,2.88J,2.29 


AGAINST  WHAT 
U0B8E. 


l.bestainB  2.82  8.871, 8.31i. 

2.3a,  2.22J,  8.31. 


8.87,2.8U,2.8U. 

1 

2.821,2.21  J,3.2.S:.: 

2.32.  i 


Geo.  M.Patchcn. 
Premium,   ;  of 

fate       money, 
atehen  »   beet 
time,  2.3t. 
Oeo. M.Patchcn,  $8,000 
No  race  or  purho. 


2.31,2.211,2.25: 
...  2.241. 


8.30, 8.2U,  2.271 
3.2(il,2.21},2.271 


"  2.38':,  2.33,  2.32. 

•ih]  2'.24'  3.28. 
2-mllo  hoat?'4.51,  B.Olf 
1,  best  3  In  5 


MorriBtown,  N.  J. 


Trenton,  N.  J. 


Island  Park  Course 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

Wa:<hin!'ton  Park, 
Providence,  R.  I. 

RivorHide  Park, 
Boston,  Mass. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Hamilton,  Canada 
Wesi. 

Dexter' Park,  Chi- 
cago. 


Wag.  2-mlle  heats's.Ol,  5.09. 
Har«  1,  best  3  In  5 


Wag, 


Har. 


Netting . 


2.34,  2.263, 2.20i 

2.34,2.201,2.201, 
2,80i',3.22J,2  32i. 
2.21J,2.19,2  21i. 
2.201,  8.171. 
2.87,  8.S,  2.25. 
8.31i,2.28:,2.30} 


2.24,  2.22,  2.25. 


No  race  or  purse, 
2d  prize,  I'M). 
Ma^oozler     (pa- 
cer) end  Gcorpu 
M.  Patohen,  'M. 
Silas    Rich    and 
Geo.M.Patchen. 
Aeaintt  his  own 
heat   time,  but 
did    not    equal 
his  2.18. 
Silas  Rich. 
Silas  Rich  &  Pol- 
ly Ann  (pacer). 
Lady  .Abdailiih. 
LadyTliorncldis.) 
I.ady  Thorne. 
Lady  Tliomc. 
Ethan  Allen  and 
running    mate. 
Boat  Dexter  in 
2.15,   2.i(>,  2.19. 
Prize  KS.'iO. 
Ladv  Thorne. 
Ethan  Allen  and 
running     male 
(Charlotte     T.) 
defeated  Dexter 
in  2.20.2.201,2.80, 
Prize,  |2,n00. 
Lady       Thorne. 
Premium,  gate 
money. 
Brown  George  & 

runniiig  mate. 
Brown  George  & 

running  mate. 
Brown  (ieorgc  & 

running  mate. 
Match  against  his 

own  time, 
Bolly  Lewis  (un- 
der saddle). 
Silas     Rich,    2d 
prize,  $800 ;  Ba- 
shaw,    Jr.,    Sd 
pr.,$oOO;  Lack- 
ey and  General 
Sutler. 
Brown  George  & 
running  mate. 


1,000 
1.500 

2,500 
1,600 


3,000 
2,(100 
8,000 
2,000 


8,000 


8,000 
2,500 
3,0CO 
1,700 

1,500 


8,000 
.$67,100 


Winning  in  three  yeare  40  trots,  losing  9. 


bysdyk's  uambletonian. 


259 


NST  WHAT 
lOBSE. 


M.Pntchen. 
Ilium,  ;  of 
money, 
■hen  R  best 
1,  2.3*. 
M.  Patchon, 
ICC  or  puiKO. 

ice  or  pnrf  e. 
)ii7.c,  |2(H). 
lozler     (pa- 

cnri  Gcorpu 
Patohen,  M. 
Rich  and 
i.M.Patchcn. 
iit>t  his  own 
t   time,  but 

not    equal 
2.18. 

Rich. 

Rich  &  Pol- 
kun  (pacer). 

Abdalli.b. 
•Tliorncldie.) 

■  Thome, 
r  Thome. 

n  Allen  and 
ning    mate. 
It  IJexfer  in 
>,   2.16,  8.19. 
ze  fSRO. 
I  Thome, 
m  Allen  and 
mine     niate 
\arlottc    T.) 
eatedUcxter 
i.20.2.20),2.80 
ize,  |-.:,riOO. 
y       Thorne. 
(jminm.  gate 
>ney. 

wn  Ocorgc  & 
nniiig  mate, 
wn  George  & 
nning  mate, 
wn  (icorgc  & 
nning  mate, 
ch  against  his 
n\  time, 
ly  Lewis  (un- 
r  eaddle). 
19     Rich,    2d 
ize,  $800 ;  Va\- 
aw,     Jr.,    VA 
.,$oOO;Lack- 

■  and  General 
:itlcr. 

)wn  George  & 
inning  mate. 


|2,000 

1,000 
1.500 

2,500 
1,500 


3,000 
2,000 
S,WO 
2,000 


8,000 


3,000 
9,500 
3,0CO 
1,700 

1,500 


8,000 


.$67,100 


EYSDYK^S  IIAMBLETOXIAI^. 

Tins  celebrated  son  of  Abdallali,  and  tlie  sire  of  hundreds 
of  the  best  trotting  horses  in  the  United  States,  was  foaled  on 
the  5th  of  May,  1819,  at  Sugar  Loaf,  near  Chester,  Orange  Co., 
N.  Y.,  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Jonas  Seely,  Jr.     When  five  Aveel<s 
old  Mr.  Wm.  M.  Kysdyk  purchased  him  and  his  dam  for  %Vir). 
Ilanibletonian  is  a  bright  bay,  with  black,  legs,  the  black  ex- 
tending almost  to  the  fetlocks,  and  running  up  above  the  knees 
and  hocks,  white  socks  behind,  and  a  white  star  on  forehead. 
The  following  from  "  The  Turf,  Field  and  Farm"  of  February 
19th  1869,  is  the  best  descr'pcion  of  this  valuable  horse  that  has 
ever 'been  published.     "His  coat  is  the  brightest  of  bays  and 
o-listens  like  the  sheen  of  satin.     Legs  without  a  blemish,  swell- 
hig  with  muscular  power,  and  shining  like  bars  of  polished 
steel  •  feet  sound,  and  pasterns  springy ;  hocks  clean,   as  it 
cldseled  out  of  marble  by  a  sculptor  ;  quarters  broad,  denoting 
immense  power  ;  an  Abdallali  head ;  ears  like  a  thoroughbred  ; 
neck  full  and  crested ;  eyes  large  and   clear,   their  expression 
bold   and   intelligent ;  high  withers  and  loins  that  bring  the 
shoulders  and  quarters  compactly  together ;  his  whole  appear- 
ance expressive  of  courage,  power  and  activity,  and  as  little  like 
the  portraits  painted  of  him  as  a  water-spai  'el  is  like  a  bull  dog. 
He  has  not  a  full  mane,  the  bulk  of  tlic  hair,  through  the 
neglect  of  a  groom,  having  dropt  out  many  years  ago.     Though 
over  twenty-one  years  old  he  is  full  of  life  and  activity, 'and  as 
vigorous  a  getior  of  foals  as  a  five-year-old  stallion.     Were  it 
not  for  a  slight  hollow  in  the  back,  caused  by  his  frequent 
animal  service  in  the  stud,  he  would  be  taken  for  a  well  used 
horse    of   nine  years  of  age.     He  enjoys  robust  l^ealth    and 
though  high  mettled  to  a  degree,  is  still  playful,  and  often  en- 
joys a  frolic  with  his  groom. 


260 


THE  HOESK. 


Although  all  of  his  colts  show  trof'n^  acrion,  ,"nd  the  ma- 
jority of  them  develop  wonderful  speed,  IltUiiDletonian  was 
never  trained ;  consequently  he  is  without  a  record  upon  the 
turf.  "When  he  was  three  years  old  he  had  been  harnciised  hut 
four  times.  At  this  age  he  was  speeded  around  the  Union 
Course,  L.  I.,  the  first  time  he  had  ever  seen  a  troik,  and  Avas 
timed  2.48^.  He  was  afraid  of  the  fence  and  frequently  shied, 
which  circumstance  prevented  his  driver  from  pushing  him  to 
the  top  of  his  speed.  Being  sent  early  to  the  stuu,  and  his  colts 
all  turning  out  promising,  Mr.  Eysdyk  determined  to  keep  him 
from  the  race  track  so  as  not  to  impair  his  valuable  services  as 
a  stallion.  "VVh-^n  but  two  years  old  he  was  bred  to  four 
mares,  three  of  which  produced  coits,  and  two  out  of  the  three 
lived  totrot  their  mile  in  2  30 ;  one  of  these,  the  celebrated 
Abdallah  stallion,  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Alexander,  and  for 
many  years  was  the  pride  of  the  extensive  stables  of  Woodburn 
Farm. 

.When  three  years  old  Ilambletonian  covered  seventeen 
mares,  thirteen  of  whom  produced  foalb.  From  that  time  for- 
ward he  became  entirely  devoted  to  the  Ijiirem,  and  is  now  re- 
garded as  the  progenitor  of  the  best  ti  ottujg  horses  in  the  world. 
No  horse  has  done  so  much  to  impr(>vo  trotting  stock,  or  pro- 
duced anything  like  the  number  of  valuable  animals.  It  is 
estimated  that  he  has  covered  over  seventeen  hundred  mares, 
and  is  known  to  have  been  the  sire  of  tsvelvc  hundred  and  forty, 
netting  to  his  owner  nearly  $200,000.  Many  of  these  have  be- 
come among  the  most  celebrated  horse;)  in  the  world — Dexter, 
George  Wilkes,  Bruno,  Brunette,  Major  Winfield,  Volunteer, 
Alexander-    kiidallah,  etc.,  being  of  the  number. 


PEDIGREE  OF  RYSDYK'S  HAMBLETONIAN. 

« 

Ilambletonian,  bay  colt,  foaled  in  1849,  bred  by  Jonas  Seely, 
of  Sugar  Loaf,  Orange  Couniy,  N.  Y.,  by  Old  Abdallah.     . 
1st  dam  the  Charles  Kent  mare,  by  imp.  Bellfounder. 
2d  dam  One  Eye,  by  Ilambletonian. 
3d  dam  Silvertail,  by  imp.  Messenger. 


EYSDYk's   HAMBLETONIAi^, 


261 


nd  the  ma- 
stonian  was 
d  upon  the 
rnejjsed  hut 
the  Union 
ik,  and  was 
leutly  shied, 
[ling  him  to 
ind  hia  colts 
to  keep  him 
e  services  as 
red  to  four 
of  the  three 
>  celebrated 
ier,  and  for 
[■  Woodburn 

I  seventeen 
at  time  for- 
1  is  now  re- 
n  the  world, 
tock,  or  pro- 
mals.  It  is 
idred  mares, 
)d  and  forty, 
ese  have  be- 
rld — Dexter, 
,  Volunteer, 


Jonas  Seely, 

allah. 

nder. 


OLD  ABDALLAH. 

Abdallah,  bay  colt,  foaled  in  1826,  bred  by  John  Treadwell, 
of  Jamaica,  L.  I.,  was  by  Mambrino. 

1st  dam  Amazonia,  by  imp.  Messenger. 

Mambrino,  the  sire  of  Abdallah,  was  by  imp.  Messenger ; 
dam  by  imp.  Sour  Crout,— imp.  Whirligig.  Old  Slamerkin,  by 
imp.  Wildair,  etc.,  etc. 

We  think  it  extremely  doubtful  about  Amazonia  being  by 
imp.  Messenger.  By  reference  to  this  volume,  on  pages  135  and 
13G*the  Treadwell  mare  (which  we  suppose  and  have  every 
rieht  to  think  is  Amazonia)  trotted,  in  1824,  a  mile  in  2.34,  but 
her  sire  and  dam  are  not  given.  In  "  Tlie  Sporting  Magazme 
for  1840,  page  140,  will  be  found  the  following:— 

«  John  W.  Hunt,  Esq.,  of  Lexington,  Ivy.,  has  recently  pur- 
chased two  very  fine  trotting  stallions,  selected  in  this  vicmity 
expressly  for  him  by  the  editor  of  this  magazine.     One  of  them, 
Abdallah,  was  bred  by  John  Treadwell,  Esq.,  of  Jamaica,  L.  I., 
and  foaled  in  1826.    He  was  got  by  the  celebrated  Mambrmo 
(the  son  of  imp.  Messenger),  out  of  Mr.  T.'s  equally  celebrated 
mare  Amazonia,  who  for  ten  years  or  more  had  no  superior  on 
the  road     Abdallah  Is  a  beautiful  bay  without  white,  fifteen 
hands  three  inches  high.     He  was  slightly  trained  at  four  jears 
old  and  was  considered  the  fastest  horse  on  Long  Island.     No 
purses  being  offered  at  the  time  for  trotting,  Mr.  T.  put  hi  n  into 
the  breeding  stud,  where  he  has  proved  himself  a  sure  fVmi  £ret- 
ter,  and  won  the  highest  reputation.    With  the  exception  vi 
Andrew  Jackson,  for  whom  $5,000  has  been  refused, .  •    .  lUah 
i8  the  finest  limbed  and  most  blood-like  trotting  stalhon  wO  ever 
saw.    For  one  of  his  get-Lady  Blanche-$2,000  has  b.  .  re- 
fused    The  other  horse.  Commodore,  was  bred  by  Colonel  lJen> 
Albertson,  of  North  Hempstead,  Queens  County,  Long  Tdanu, 
and  foaled  in  1828.    He  was  also  got  by  Mambrino,  Ins  aam  by 
True  American  (a  son  of  Volunteex-,  who  was  got  by  iraportea 
Messenger),  grandam  by  Tom  Bogus,  imported  by  General  Bur- 
..ovne  of  the  British  army.     Commodore  is  believed  to  have 
more  strains  of  the  blood  of  old  Messenger  in  his  veins  than  any 


mum 


262 


THE   HORSE. 


liorae  remaining  on  Long  Island.  lie  is  a  rich  blood  bay,  witli  no 
other  w  liite  than  a  pretty  star,  and  over  sixteen  hands  high,  of 
immense  substance  and  power.  He  is  a  horse  of  noble  presence, 
and  unusually  line  action.  His  stock  is  held  in  high  estimation 
by  the  breeders  of  Long  Island,  where  everything  in  relation  to 
himself  and  his  get  is  Avell  known." 

We  cannot  believe  that  a  gentleman  so  well  informed  as  the 
late  W.  T.  Porter,  would  have  made  such  a  mistake  as  to  state 
that  Commodore  had  more  of  the  Messenger  blood  in  his  veins 
than  any  horse  on  Long  Island,  when  he  had  purchased  both 
liorses.  Amazonia  was  celebrated,  and  it  seems  reasonable  from 
her  celebrity  that  if  she  was  by  imported  Messenger  the  fact 
Avould  have  been  stated,  and  Abdallah  been  credited  with  this 
more  than  desirable  Messenger  cross,  and  not  Commodore.  The 
truth  of  the  matter  is,  the  sire  of  Amazonia  is  unknown,  and 
cannot  be  clearly  given  or  proven. 

Nothing  is  known  of  the  pedigree  of  imported  Bellfounder, 
who  was  imported  by  Mr.  James  Boot,  of  Boston,  in  1823. 


i 


. 


VOUNO   MORUILL. 


263 


ly,  with  no 
is  high,  of 
e  presence, 
estimation 
relation  to 


med  as  the 
as  to  state 
1  his  veins 
hased  hoth 
liable  from 
sr  the  fact 
[  with  this 
lore.  The 
nown,  and 

ellfounder, 

L823. 


YOUNG    MORRILL. 

YouNO  MoEKiLL  was  bred  by  Mr.  Smith,  of  Cabot,  Vermont, 
and  foaled  in  1848.  His  color  is  a  rich  brown ;  he  is  a  noble 
looking  stallion;  stands  ISf  hands;  has  astonishing  muscular 
development,  giving  him  great  speed  and  power,  and  added  to 
these  qualities  are  endurance  and  fine  action.  He  has  an  ex- 
cellent disposition,  high  courage,  and  in  his  veins  runs  the  blood 
of  Messenger,  Morgan,  and  Henry.  His  combination  of  some  of 
the  most  eminent  streams  renders  him  peculiarly  fitted  tor  the 
stud,  as  the  getter  of  trotting  stock,  in  which  capacity  the  greater 
part'ofhis  life  has  been  devoted. 

The  first  public  recognition  of  the  claims  of  Young  Morrill 
dates  as  early  as  1853,  at  which  time  he  was  exhibited  at  the 
Vermont  State  Fair,  held  at  Montpelier,  where  ho  took  the  hist 
premium.  His  great  beauty,  grace,  and  muscular  development 
subsequently  won  for  liim  first  premiums  and  medals  at  Eutland, 
Vermont,  and  at  the  National  Horse  Exhibition  at  ^ostoi^ 
Mass  in  1855  ;  at  the  New  Hampslure  State  Fair  in  I860  tlie 
National  Horse  Fair  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  at  the  Agricultural 
Fair  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  in  1863. 

As  a  sire,  his  progeny  is  extensive,  numbering  among  them 
some  of  the  finest  trotting  stock  in  the  country  ;  of  these  four 
may  be  mentioned,  which  alone  stamps  him  as  a  remarkable  sire 
Sitters  viz.,  the  stallions  Hiram  Woodruff,  Draco,  Velox,  and 
(S  owner  claims)  the  lioyal  Fearnaught,  the  la«er  b-g -v 
lidered  the  fastest  trotting  stallion  of  his  -g-^  "^^^^ 
States  having  beaten  all  competitors  for  the  $10,000  purse  at 
Buffi  N.  Y.,  in  1868.    Young  Morrill  Vo^^^^l^^ 
able  faculty  of  transmitting  his  peculiar  build  and  beautj  ot 
tJ::  li  horse  colts,  and  through  .lis  ^^^f^^^ 
lion,  his  services  have  been  in  general  demand  in  t^^^J^^^^^^^^^^ 
land  States,  where  he  is  most  known  as  the  sire  of  gentlemen 


I 


204 


THE   HORSE. 


roadstere.  It  is  claiineil,  ami  witli  some  jiistioc,  that  no  stock  in 
New  England  compares  with  the  Morrills  for  this  class  of  horses ; 
at  the  same  time  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  in  making  geldings  of 
them  for  this  purpose,  and  for  the  family  carriage,  the  trotting 
turf  is  robbed  of  some  of  the  best  of  Young  Morrill's  progeny. 

The  first  record  of  this  horse's  performances  on  the  turf  is  at 
Sangus,  Mass.,  i.i  the  spring  of  1801,  where,  on  a  heavy  track, 
he  beat  Flyaway  in  2.3-i^.  In  the  sunnner  of  the  same 
year  his  best  time  was  made  on  the  Providence,  K.  I.,  track, 
when  he  trotted  under  saddle  in  2.28^.  In  1802  he  was  engaged 
in  one  trot,  after  making  a  season  in  Philadelphia,  at  Williams- 
port,  Pa.,  where  he  beat  Greyhoiind,  in  harness,  in  '-'.3").  At>er 
this  he  was  confined  to  the  stud  until  1865,  in  which  year  he 
was  allowed  a  short  trotting  season,  when  he  was  permanently 
withdrawn  from  the  turf,  and  again  installed  as  tlic  king  of  the 
harem.  During  this  short  season,  as  will  be  seen  froi.a  ^he  fol- 
lowing record  of  his  performances,  he  won  seven  purses,  making 
his  best  time  in  harness  at  Riverside,  Brighton,  Mass.,  on  June 
23d,  when,  in  a  match  with  Blackstone  Belle,  he  beat  her  in  three 
consecutive  heats,  in  2.33,  2.31 — 2.33.  Yonng  Morrill  could 
well  afford  to  retire  upon  these  laurels,  having  been  the  winner 
of  every  purse  he  trotted  for.  Afler  his  retirement  from  the 
turf,  his  late  successes  made  him  popular,  and  generally  sought 
afler  as  a  stallion.  He  still  preserves  his  reputation  in  the  stud, 
and  yields  his  owner  a  handsome  annual  income.  Young  Morrill 
is  now  the  property  of  S.  R.  Perkins.  Hartford,  Conn. 


PEDIGREE  OF  YOUNQ  MORRILL. 

Young  Morrill,  brown  colt,  foaled  in  1848,  the  property  of 
Mr.  Smith,  of  Cabot,  Vt.,  by  Old  Morrill.  1st  dam  by  Locke 
Goss  hoi'se;  2d  dam  by  Yonng  Morgan  Bulrush. 

Old  Morrill  was  by  the  Jennison  horf  e ;  he  by  One  Eye ;  he 
by  Bu)ru8h ;  and  he  by  Justin  Morgan. 

The  Locke  Gosse  horse  was  by  Old  Sherman  Morgan ;  he  by 
Justin  Morgan. 

Young  Morgan  Bidrush,  the  sire  of  Young  Morrill's  grandam, 
was  the  sire  of  tlie  JenniEon  horse. 


mm 


ao  stock  ill 
i  of  horses ; 
!jc'l(lin<;8  of 
10  trotting 
[)n)«,a'iiy. 
t!  turf  is  at 
.^avy  truck, 
the  satno 
'..  I.,  track, 
as  engaged 
;  WiUiams- 
35.  At>er 
:;li  year  he 
jrmanently 
:ing  of  the 
oi.;  *^lie  fol- 
es,  making 
3.,  on  June 
ler  in  three 
rrill  could 
the  winner 
t  from  the 
ally  sought 
n  the  stud, 
mg  Morrill 


)roperty  of 
by  Locke 

le  Eye ;  he 

gan;heby 

3  grandam, 


covnii. 


I'ark,  Cuiin. 

Suffolk  Park,  Phll- 
aUulplilu,  I'u. 

Ilartfortl  Vark, 
Iliirtfonl,  f'onii. 

Hrtilford  ('<>uri<o, 
llurtford,  Conn. 

Rlvnrsldo  Pnrk, 
BoKton,  MasH. 

Hartford  P'rk.Conn 
Saratoga,  N.  Y. 


Riverside      Park, 
Boiiton,  MaiiB. 


PERFOKMANCES   OF   YOUNO   MORRILL. 


PERFORMANCES  OF  YOUNG  MORUILL. 


265 


ml 

I  g  §  J  I  DWTANOB. 


AOAINWT  WHAT 
UUHaBH. 


Franklin    Conr»e,    Har.   1,  best  8  In  6  8.37, 9M'„  9.37t 

N.ClicUca,  Manx.  ■      ,     I.     „ 
Ilarlfiird  Trottlnj,'  i  Trial  1  milo. 


of 
ppood 
Har. 


Sad. 
liar. 


1,  best  3  In  6 


nampden      Park, 
8prlngfleld,Ma»». 

Total  winnings... 


9.34.  ! 

3.33i,  it.88i,  3.S3. 

2.38S,S.353.«.32i. 
2.40,  2.33. 

9.33,  9.31,  9.31. 


9.35'„  2..V).  2.3.1. 
iHtlmlf  of  iHt 
heat,  llSj. 

8.325,2.35,2.322. 


2.36,  9.8nj,  9.40. 


Paid  forfeit. 


$1,000 


Flyaway. 

Siio    Rocorn   2d, 
ta-)-,      lionet  i 
1      Abe.         iTfiulum,  80 

(ioodwln'rt  H.  i>.  I 
S(ar,i-.H,  Andy 
Joliiison.  I 

MurtlnV  K.H.AJax       ISO 


J.  Miirlln'K  g.  f. 

AJux  (dr.)  For 

gate  money. 
BlTm   Hlftkioton 

Bcllo,  1st  hi'ttl 

2.34. 
Sorrel  Dan. 


Harry  Clay,  iHt 
hcat2.:wi;  An- 
dy .lolinKon, 
dr.;Miin'HMt. 
Vornon,  dr.; 
Ethan  AlU-n.dr 

ninckotono  Belli", 
1st  heat  2.8H. 
4th  heat  2.48; 
Sorrel  Dan. 

Harry  Clay,  re- 
ceived forfeit. 


1,000 


Purse 


1,950 


1,000 


4,450 


2G0 


TBE  UOBSE. 


MAJOR  WINFIIXD, 

(now   EUWARU   EVERETT.) 

This  celebrated  stallion  was  bred  by  Major  Adam  Lilbuni, 
foaled  May  lotli,  1855,  on  the  fann  of  James  W.  Morrison, 
New  Windsor  Bay,  Orange  county,  N.  Y.  Major  Winlield  is 
a  rich  golden  bay,  15^  hands  high.  Although  the  annexed 
engraving  presents  a  faithful  portraiture  of  this  noble  animal  in 
repose,  it  would  be  difficult  for  any  artist  to  properly  delineate 
tho  lofty  carriage,  general  expression,  and  blood-like  appearance 
he  displays  while  in  action.  _ 

The  pedigree  of  Major  Winfield,  as  far  as  it  is  traced,  m 
undoubted.  (See  pedigree  below.)  His  dam  may  be  incidentally 
mentioned  in  this  connection  as  the  daughter  of  imported 
Marcrrave.  She  was  a  beautiful  chestnut  sorrel,  brought  to 
New""  York  by  a  Mr.  Smith,  and  sold  to  Mr.  Columbus  Bait ; 
subsequently  purchased  by  Major  Lilburn,  who  bred  her  to 
Kysdyk's  Ilambletonian,  by  the  advice  of  his  friend,  Hon.  C. 
11.  Winfield,  from  whom  his  name  is  derived.  He  was  a  prom- 
ising colt  from  his  birth,  and  soon  evinced  unmistakable 
indications  of  his  future.  When  he  was  one  year  old  he  was 
taken  to  Rockland  county,  N.  Y.,  where  ho  remained  until  he 
was  three  years  old,  when  he  was  again  sent  to  Orange  county 
and  placed  in  the  hands  of  Francis  Dickerson,  of  Crawtord, 
where  he  made  a  season  in  the  stud,  turning  out  a  lew  very 
promising  colts,  one  of  which  developed  considerable  speed 
He  was  exhibited  the  same  fall  at  the  Orange  County  Fair,  and 
received  first  premium.  He  remained  a  second  season  at  Craw- 
ford with  Mr.  Dickerson,  during  which  time  he  sired  several  fine 
colt^  of  which  Mountain  Bov,  Sutton  Green  colt,  Dunderberg, 
Booth  mare,  and  the  Eddy  mare,  are  of  the  number.     Later  m 


MAJOR  WINFIELD. 


207 


1  Lilbum, 
Morrison, 
V^inliekl  is 
!  annexed 
aniinal  in 
r  delineate 
ippearunco 

traced,  is 
icidentally 

import  etl 
rouglit  to 
ilms  Balf; 
ed  her  to 
1,  Hon.  C. 
18  a  prom- 
mistakable 
^Id  he  was 
id  until  he 
[ige  county 

Crawford, 
a  few  very 
Lie  speed. 
J  Fair,  and 
n  at  Craw- 
jeveral  fine 
underberg, 
Later  in 


the  full  of  the  eamo  year  ho  was  exhibited  at  (JoHhen,  (range 
County,    N.    Y.,    where    he   was   sp.oded    and    reee.ved     ir. 
pre.nimn,  at  which  tin.e  he  received  an  injury  which  iml.tted 
him  for  the  ntud  or  for  training  purposes  tor  tw..  years.       n  l^b.i 
he  served  a  few  mares,  and  got  the  Bogart  colt  (now  Joe  lUliott), 
purchased  by  Robert  Bonner,  Esq.,  for  $10,000. 
'     In  18.54  ho  was  taken  back  to  Orange  County,  where  he  was 
allowed  to  (H,ver  a  few  marcs,  and  where  he  got  the  lb.     colt. 
Bold  Bubsequently  to  Mr.  Humphrey  for  $20,000,  and  the  Barker 
oolt;  the  former  one  of  the  fastest  5-year-old  colts  m  An.enca; 
also  a  fine  colt  of  A.  B.  Conger,  Esq.,  and  held  by  that  gentle- 
man at  a  very  high  figure. 

In  1805  ho  served  a  limited  number  oi  mares,  and  got  the 
Ferguson  maro,  very  fast ;  also  the  Hill  eolt,  Schatler  n>lt,  and 
Dickson  colt.  In  1800,  7,  '8,  and  '0,  ho  is  the  sn-o  ot  colts  whr.l: 
aro  promising  in  appearance,  but  have  to  be  '"-^turcd 

On  tho  8th  of  November,  1809,  ho  was  sold  to  Mr.  John  B. 
Ayres  and  Mr.  David  Bonner  (for  Robert  Bonner,  Esq.  o  ho 
Nev,  Yorh  Ledger)  for  the  sum  of  $20,000,  the  objec  o  o 
purchaser  being  to  use  him  as  a  stock  borsc,  and  not  foi  tho 

^"'^As  a  stock  horse,  Major  Winfiold  is  second  to  no  horse  in 
tho  United  States,  and  though  exhibiting  a  decided  turn  ioi 
speed,  has  never  been  placed  upon  the  turl.  He  is  a  ^^eli- 
d'vei;ped  horse  for  his  i-hes,  pou.rt^dly  binlt,  and  po« 
groat  endurance;  hence  his  particular  quabhcatu>ns  or  t^o 
ftud.  His  dam  was  a  racer,  as  well  as  a  trotter,  no  distance 
appearing  to  be  too  great  for  her ;  she  was  also  a  very  sagacious 
:Sl,  fomarkably  intelligent,  and,  before  her  dea  b^ 
the  theme  of  many  interesting  anecdotes.  Her  Bon  Majoi 
Winfield,  in  many  respects  bears  a  great  ^'^^f  ^IJ^^.^J^^^^^^ 

Though  appropriated  entirely  to  the  stud  ^'^^^  ^J^^^^^ 
possesses'in  an  eminent  degree  those  pecuhar  q-bficatio^ 
Ihicb  invariably  fit  a  horse  for  the  trotting  turf._  The  only 
difficulty  with  his  owners  has  been,  whether  to  tram  him  for 
and  place  him  exclusively  on  the  turf,  or  confine  Ins  services  to 
the  harem.  The  choice  determined  upon  has  been  -^  -'««  «"f; 
his  worth  as  a  sire  of  trotters  is  too  valuable  to  withdiaw  lum 


2G8 


THE   II0B8K. 


fr(»in  the  Rtiul,  hcnco  tlic  turf  in  (loprlv-d  of  bo  distiiiguirtliod  a 
n-prt'st'iitutive. 

I'F.DKJHEE  OF  MAJOIt  WINFIKLD. 

Major  VViiilield  (iifterwurds  Edward  Evcrt'tt)  k  by  Uvwlvk'ft 
Ilamblctoiiiuii.  ht  dam  iMiniiy  I»y  imp.  Margrave;  2d  daiii  by 
'rrumpator ;  ad  dam  by  Lindsay's  Arabian ;  4th  dam  by  imp. 
(War;  Titb  dam  by  imp.  Vampire;  Otli  dam  Col.  BraxtoiiV 
Kitty  Fisher  by  Cade;  7th  dam  by  CuUeirrt  Arabian  ;  8th  <him 
the  famous  marc  Bald  Cliarlotte. 

Tlio  above  pedigree  is  given  upon  tho  ccrtiticatc  of  Col. 
Philo.  C.  Bush. 


iiffuislu'd  a 


y  K>ttd}k'rt 
2(1  (lam  liy 
mi  l»y  imp. 
liraxton'rt 
1 ;  8tli  (lam 

ite  of  Col. 


HM 


^. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


1^12^    12.5 
■so  i"^"    lias 

ill    k£    nil  2.0 


12.2 


1.8 


1.25 

M= 

111— 

< 

6"     — 

► 

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microfiches. 


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1^ 


ERICSSON. 


269 


ERICSSON". 

EBIC890N,  a 'bay  colt,  bred  by  Mr.  Enoch  E  ;Lewis  of 
Clark  county,  Kentucky,  and  foaled  the  spring  of  I80O.  lie 
was  by  Mambrino  Chief;  let  dam  Mrs.  Caudle. 

For  pedigree  of  Mambrino  Chief,  see  Thomesdale's  pedigree. 
Mrs.  Caudle  wae  a  New  York  bred  mare,  celebrated  as  a  road- 
ster and  famous  breeder,  said  to  be  sired  by  a  horse  of  Messen- 
ger blood  who  stood  in  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y. 

DESCRIPTION   OF    ERICSSON. 

Ericsson  is  a  dark  mahogany  bay,  standing  16^  handrf  high. 
He  has  rather  a  heavy  coarse  head,  with  full  bright  eyori.  His 
head  is  well  set  on  a  good  stout  neck  running  into  line  sboul- 
ders,  excellent  barrel,  great  length  and  powerful  hips  and 
quarters.  His  limbs  are  large  and  well  set  under  him,  and  his 
Btyle  is  lofty  and  grand. 

Ericsson's  performances. 

Ericsson  made  his  debut  to  the  trotting  world  at  four  years 
old  beating  Kentucky  Chief  and  Albion  over  the  Lexington 
Course,  Kentucky,  at  mile  heats,  on  the  27th  of  May,  1860, 
with  only  seven  days'  training,  in  2.42^. 

Lexinston  Ky.,  Saturday,  October  13th,  ISCO-Match  for  {,500,  mUc  heate,  beet  three  In  ilve 
Sh  Le;u^b   c.  Morsan  Chief  (now  EricBBon)  hy  Mambrino  Chief,  dam  MrB.  Caudle, 

4  years  old,  to  wagon „22 

E  M  Todhuntur's  b.  c.  Idol,  by  Mambrino  Chief,  to  harness 

Time,  8.49— 2.41-2.38J. 

In  a  private  trial,  made  a  few  days  before  this  race,  Ericsson 
trotted  in  2.26  to  a  wagon. 

Louisville,  Ky.,  October  2G,  1860-Pnrsc  $200,  for  fonr-year^jlds  and  under,  mile  heato,  best 

three  in  five,  in  harness.  ...        ,,       .-,     ii„ 

Enoch  Lewis'  b.  c   Morgan  Chief  (now  Ericsson)  by  Mambrino  Chief,  dam  Mrs.  Caudle, 

A  H.  Brand's  br.  c.  Kentucliy  Chief,  4  years  old.  by  Mambrino  Chief,  dam  by  Woodford  12  2  8 
Time,  2.39i-8.34i-2.301-2.32. 


iliffiiPIIIIIIPilPRIilili^ 


270 


THE   HORSE. 


We  extract  from  the  old  "  Spirit  of  the  Times"  the  follow- 
ing doscriptiou  of  the  race : 

For  this  race  there  were  two  entries,  both  stallions'  colts,  the 
get  of  Mambrino  Chief,  viz.,  Morgan  Chief  and  Kentucky  Chief 
The  former  was  the  favorite  at  3  and  4  to  1,  before  the  start. 
The  latter  had  numerous  friends,  although  he  was  complaining 
in  one  or  both  of  his  fore  legs.  Time  was  marked  as  low  as 
2.35.  Morgan  Chief  was  four  years  old  last  spring,  while  Ken- 
tucky Chief  will  not  be  four  until  the  25th  day  of  next  month 
(November).  He  and  Brignoli  are  by  the  same  horse  out  of 
full  sisters.  But  to  the  race.  After  three  efforts  they  got  off 
for  the 

First  Heat. — "Went  well  together  around  the  turn,  when 
Morgan  broke,  and  Kentucky  took  the  lead  and  passed  the 
quarter  in  39  seconds,  the  half  mile  1.16,  and  won  the  heat 
without  a  struggle  in  2.39J.  But  for  a  bad  break  he  made  at 
the  half  mile,  he  would  have  passed  Morgan,  who  made  two 
bad  breaks  in  the  back-stretcli — they  both  being  bad  breakers, 
but  Kentucky  the  worse  of  the  two. 

Second  Heat. — Kentucky  went  off  very  slow,  while  Peabody, 
v/ith  Morgan,  came  to  the  score  "  boiling,"  took  the  track  before 
they  got  to  the  turn,  and  led  past  the  quarter  in  37^,  two 
lengths  in  front  of  Kentucky  Chief;  here  the  latter  put  on 
steam,  and  trotted  splendidly  up  the  back-stretch  in  36^  seconds, 
caiight  the  "  big  one"  in  a  break,  but  could  not  get  by ;  they 
passed  the  half  mile  in  1.17  ;  on  the  upper  turn  Kentiicky  broke, 
and  lost  three  or  four  lengths ;  went  to  work  again  and  caught 
the  "  big  one"  one  hundred  yards  from  home,  and  looked  every 
inch  a  winner  at  the  gate,  when  he  bi'oke ;  just  then  Morgan 
Chief  broke,  but  caught  first,  and  won  the  heat  in  2.3-11.  After 
the  heat  both  looked  well. 

Third  Heat. — They  went  off  well  together,  and  very  fast. 
Morgan  went  in  front  on  the  first  tm'u  (when  Kentucky  broke) ; 
went  to  the  quarter  in  38  seconds,  the  half  in  1.17|,  and  won 
the  heat  by  two  lengths,  in  2.30J.  As  before  Kentucky  Chief 
broke  at  the  distance  when  catching  Morgan. 

Fourth  Heat. — They  got  off  at  the  tap  of  the  drum ;  Morgan 
led  to  the  quarter  in  39  seconds,  passed  the  half  mile  two 


EEICSSON. 


an 


lencrths  in  front  in  1.16^.  After  passing  tho  half  mile  Morgan 
broke,  and  Kentucky  caught  him,  but  did  not  get  the  rack; 
Morgan  led  into  the  home-stretch  a  length,  down  the  stretch  they 
both  trotted  splendidly;  Kentucky  closed  the  gap,  but  broke 
inside  tho  distance  as  before,  Morgan  winnmg  the  heat  and  race 
by  less  than  a  length,  in  2.32.    Thus  closed  the  best  four-year- 

old  race  on  record.  , , 

This  closed  Morgan  Chief's  trotting  career,  and  he  was  sold 
by  Mr.  Enoch  R.  Lewis  to  the  Hon.  K.  0.  Barker,  of  Detroit 
Michigan,  for  $6,000.     After  his  removal  to  Michigan  he  Imd 
an  attack  of  pneumonia,  which  left  him  with  injured  wmd.    He 
has  been  standing  in  Michigan  until  the  past  t^^/^^^^";^' ^^^JJ 
he  .eturned  to  Kentucky,  where  he  is  so  highly  thought  of  tha 
he  has  covered  his  full  limit  of  mares  each  season.    He  covered 
some  mares  before  his  removal  from  Kentucky,  and  the  few 
that  have  been  trained  promise  extremely  high      In  18G8  a 
live-old  mare  by  him  trotted  in  Kentucky  m  2.3G,  and  his  son 
Lumber,  the  property  of  J.  AVard  Macey,  they  claim  can  show 
thirty    Ve  should  have  stated  that  Mr.  Barker  changed  lus 
name  from  Morgan  Chief  to  Ericsson  after  he  purchased  him. 

Clark  Chief,  the  sire  of  Nicotine,  Mr.  Thome's  tine  four-year- 
old  colt  that  won  the  Hiram  Woodruff  stakes  at  Fleetwood 
Park,  Sept.  13th,  1870,  beating  three  otliers  in  2.40}-2.3bf ,  is 
nearly  a  full  brother  iu  bh  '^  to  Ericsson,  both  by  Mambnno 
Cliief,  Clark  Chief  being  out  of  a  daughter  of  Mrs.  Caudle  the 
dam  of  Ericsson.  . 

His  colts  have  fine  size  and  temper,  and  good  trottmg  action, 
and  we  have  no  doubt  but  they  will  place  their  sire's  claims 
amongst  the  first  class  as  a  getter  of  trotting  stock. 


272 


THE   IIOBSE. 


BASHAW,  JUKIOE. 

Tins  famous  trotting  stallion,  one  of  the  best,  if  not  the  best 
representative  of  the  Bashaw  strain,  is  a  dark  chestnut,  15|  hands 
lugh,  and  weighs  1050  lbs.  His  form  is  symmetrical,  neck  and 
crest  large,  head  well  cut,  fine  throttle,  and  an  eye  sparkling  with 
courage  and  ambition.  His  perfonnances  up  to  the  present  time 
have  been  the  best  of  any  horse  west  of  the  Allegliany  moun- 
tams  at  one  and  two  miles,  and  there  are  but  few  horses  in  any 
locality  that  have  beaten  his  best  time.  He  trotted  at  Detroit 
Michigan,  in  2.24^ ;  at  Clinton,  Iowa,  in  2.21 ;  at  Eock  Island,' 
Illinois,  on  a  half  mile  track,  three  heats,  in  2.27 :  he  defeated 
Silas  Rich  over  a  very  slow  track  at  Chicago,  in  5.01. >,  and  has 
also  made  several  broken  heats  in  the  Eastern  States^low  down 
in  the  twenties.* 

There  is  little  doubt  that  when  in  training  and  in  good  con- 
dition he  would  now  be  a  fit  competitor  for  the  fleetest  trotters 
in  the  country.  As  a  stallion  he  is  in  every  respect  unexception- 
able, having  sired  a  number  of  winning  horses,  and  several  colts 
that  promise  in  tune  to  rank  with  the  flyers.  A  slight  accident 
received  some  time  since,  while  training,  has  temporarily  unfitted 
him  for  the  labors  of  the  turf.  This  he  has,  however,  ejitirely 
recovered  from,  and  his  owner  is  anxious  to  match  him  against 
any  stallion  in  the  country  at  one  or  two  miles.  So  great  is  Mr. 
A.  F.  Fawsett's  pride  in  this  animal,  that  he  pronounces  hini 
I'  the  best  trotting  stallion  in  the  United  States."  The  following 
is  his  full  pedigree: 

Bashaw  Junior  was  foaled  in  1860 ;  he  was  got  by  Green's 
Bashaw ;  dam  by  Young  Green,  Mountain  Morgan,  son  of  Hale's 
Green  Mountain ;   gd.  a  brown  Morgan  mare  taken  West  by 

»  Since  writing  tlio  nbove,  Baslmw,  Jr.,  was  entered  in  a  trot  at  the  Maryland  State  Pair 
Pomlico  Fair  Grounds  on  Sept  27tli.  1 870.  when  he  l)cat  PatcheD,  Jr.,  and  White  Monntalii 
easily  )n  three  straight  heats,  in  2.40-9.23—3.341, 


the  best, 

5f  liands 

neck  and 

ling  with 

sent  time 

ly  moun- 

es  in  any 

;  Detroit, 

k  Island, 

defeated 

and  lias 

3W  down 

^ood  con- 
t  trotters 
seeption- 
;ral  colts 
accident 
unfitted 
ejitirely 
I  against 
it  is  Mr. 
ces  him 
)llowing 


Green's 
f  Hale's 
Vest  by 

^tatf!  Pair, 
1  Uonntain 


BASHAW,   JUNIOB. 


273 


Silas  Hale  in  1853,  along  with  Young  Green  Mountain,  and  sold 
to  Jos.  A.  Green,  of  Muscatine,  Iowa ;  l^red  by  ^.  L.  Fobs  of 
Muscatine;  owned  by  Messrs.  Piatt  and  Starr,  Tipton,  Iowa. 

Green's  Bashaw,  bl.  h.,  foaled  in  1855,  was  got  by  Vernol's 
Black  Hawk  (formerly  Drake's  Black  Hawk),  dam  Belle,  by 

Webber's  Tom  Thumb. 

Vernol's  Black  Hawk,  foaled  in  18i-,  was  got  by  Long  Island 
Black  Hawk,  dam  by  Kentucky  Whip. 

Long  Island  Black  Hawk,  foaled  in  1837,  was  got  by  Andrew 
Jackson"  son  of  Young  Bashaw ;  dam  Sally  Miller,  by  Mambrino. 

Young  Bashaw,  foaled  in  182-,  was  got  by  Grand  Bashaw 
(Arabian) ;  dam  Pearl,  by  First  Consul. 

Grand  Bashaw  (Arabian),  foaled  in  i31C,  and  imported  from 
Tripoli,  in  1820,  by  Joseph  0.  Morgan.  He  stood  near  Phila-- 
delphia,  and  many  of  our  fastest  trotters  have  descended  from 
him.    Died  at  N?wtown,  Pa.,  1845. 


Vol.  XL— 18 


■HMiaiubMMiaBala 


mmmtiis^ 


274 


TIIK   UOKSE. 


THORNEDALE. 


I 


TtroRNEnAi-E,  bay  cf)lt,  foaled  in  May,  1805,  bred  by  Dr.  J.  R, 
Adams,  near  Georgetown,  K v.,  pnrcbased  hy  Col.  S.  D.  Bruco 
for  Mr.  Edwin  Tliorne,  of  Tbornedale,  Duteliess  County,  N.  Y., 
in  18(58,  by  Aloxander'B  Abdallah  (formerly  EdsaH'n  Ilandjle- 
tonian, 

Ist  dam  by  Mambrino  Chief;  2d  dam  by  a  eon  of  Potomac  ; 
nd  dam  by  Saxc  Weimar, 

Thornedale's  dam  is  a  bay  mare,  foaled  in  1800.  She  was 
never  trained,  and  we  add  bcr  produce  as  far  as  known. 

HER    PRODUCE, 

J8(15-b.  c.  Thorncdulo  by  Alexnndor's  Abdallnh. 

1800- 

1807— 

l8«»-ch.  c.  by  a  eon  of  Bald  Chief,  a  eon  of  Mambrino  Chief. 

1889— 

1870-br.  f.  by  Ahnont. 

Alexander's  Abdallah  (better  known  in  New  York  as  Ed- 
sall's  Ilambletonian)  was  a  bay  horse,  foaled  1853,  by  Rysdyk's 
Hambletonian. 

1st  dam  by  Bay  Roman,  he  by  imp,  Roman,  out  of  the 
Pinckney  mare  by  Old  Hickory. 

2d  dam  by  Mambrino,  he  by  Old  Mambrino,  and  he  by  imp. 
Messenger. 

Alexander's  Abdallah  was  taken  to  Kentucky  by  a  Mi .  Love, 
and  he  made  a  season  or  two  near  Cynthiana,  Ky.,  as  Love's 
Abdallah,  wlum  he  was  purchased  by  the  late  R.  Aitchison 
Alexander,  Spring  Station,  Ky,  Abdallah  sired  many  good 
horses  in  Kentucky,  such  as  Thornedale,  Belmont,  Almont,  St. 
Elmo,  and  many  others.  The  Abdallah  cross  is  held  in  the 
highest  esteem  in  Kentucky,  but  the  most  noted  and  far-famed 
of  his  get  is  the  celebrated  trotter  Goldsmith  Maid.    Abdallah 


TIIORNEDAI.K. 


276 


Dr.  J.  R. 
J ).  Brueo 

ty,  N.  Y, 

Ilamblo- 

L^otoinac ; 

Slio  was 


k  as  Ed- 
Rysdyk's 

lit  of  the 

J  by  imp. 

h.  Love, 
as  Love's 
\.itcliison 
ny  good 
nont,  St. 
1  in  the 
sir-famed 
ibdallah 


died  from  tl»o  effects  of  injuries  received  in  a  puerilla  raid  inude 
ujioii  Woodbiirn  Stud  Fariii  in  tlio  HUinuicr  of  istll,  a  {rrcat  Iocs 
to  hii^  owner,  and  a  htiil  grciiter  loss  U\  tlie  l)rc'ediii<i;  public. 

Nrmiiliriiio  Chief,  beautiful  rich  l)ro\vii,  foaled  in  1845,  by 
Mand>riuo  Paymaster,  he  by  Mand>rino,  and  ho  by  inip.  Afessen- 
ger,  dam  said  to  ho  of  Messenger  blood.  ?.IiiiuhrIno  Chief  was 
purchased  l)y  Mr.  Kdwin  Thorne,  of  Thornedale,  for  lion,  .liimes 
P*.  Clay,  and  taken  to  Kentucky  in  l*^.")!.  Ho  made  seasons  as 
the  proj)(»rty  of  Mr.  Clay  mitil  1S57,  when  ho  was  purehased  by 
Messrs.  Cray  &  Jones,  of  Woodford  ('o.,  Ky.,  for  )?5,0'2(t,  and  re- 
mained in  their  possession  tmtil  his  death  in  .luly,  ISOl.  Mandtrino 
Chief  was  a  stallion  of  iine  trotting  action,  which  ho  in>parte(lto 
a  niiijority  of  his  stock.  From  his  seasons  in  Kentucky  we  luivo 
Lady  Thca-ne,  tho  Queen  of  the  Trotting  Turf,  Ericsson,  Clark 
Chief,  Brignoli,  Kentucky  Chief,  Paid  Chief,  Mand)rino  Pilot, 
and  a  hotit  of  others.  AVo  append  a  hitter  from  (t.  T.  Williams 
addressed  to  Edwin  Thorne,  Esq.,  to  »vhom  wo  aro  indebted  for 
a  copy. 

PouonKEErBiE,  DuTcnEsa  Co.,  N.  Y.,  lath  Juno,  18C0. 

"EnwiN  TnouNK,  Esq. — Str:—lu  reply  to  yoiU-  incpnries  in 
relation  to  the  stallion  Maud)rino  Chief,  I  will  give  you,  in  as 
few  words  as  I  can,  all  the  faets  connected  with  him  before  he 
went  to  Kentucky. 

"lie  was  foaled  in  tho  einnmer  of  1845,  the  property  of 
Ricihard  Eldridge,  of  Mabbettsville.  lie  sold  hini  as  a  thr(>e- 
year-cld  to  AVarren  Williams.  Li  the  spring  of  1851,  Williams 
having  died,  his  efiects  were  sold  at  public  sale,  and  I  became 
the  purcha.ser  of  the  Chief  In  tho  autunm  of  1852  I  sold  a 
half  interest  in  him  to  Mr.  James  M.  Cockcroft,  from  whom  you 
purchased  him  for  Mr.  Clay,  in  the  Avinter  of  1854.  Before 
going  to  Kentucky  lie  had  no  chance  in  the  stud,  as  ho  never 
covered  over  thirty  mares  any  one  Beason,  and  they  were  tho 
common  farm  mares  of  tho  country,  without  any  pretence  to 
speed  or  breeding.  His  colts  were  more  than  ordinary  travelers, 
not  over  size,  like  many  of  his  Kentucky  get.  Some  were 
speedy ;  could  trot  in  three  minutes  or  better.  I  never  knew  of 
any  of  them  being  put  in  train.  Tie  never  was  in  tho  hands  of 
a  trainer.  ITe  Avas  a  natural  trottei-.  All  the  Avork  he  ever  had 
was  the  little  Mr.  Cockcroft  gave  him  in  the  autumns  of  '52  and 


270 


THE    UOK8E. 


'5.1.  Tlip  (Ir  t  timo  lio  wns  ever  on  a  track,  Soyniour  TouilinHon 
roflo  him  under  the  naddle,  a  lull  JniU(  on  the  Wanhhi},'ton  Hol- 
low track,  in  2.'M\,  and  then  drove  him  to  liarneHH  in  2.40.  I 
held  the  \viit(!h.     The  only  other  time  I  knew  of  hid  heinjr  timed 

a  full  mile— Mr.   ("oekerott,  rarely  npeeded  hini  thatdistance 

(lil  Cary  eauju;ht  hin  time,  imknown  to  Mr,  ('.,  in  'J.'A'J.  I  (imed 
him  hin  (|mirterrt  wveral  times  in  .'57  neeondrt,  and  I  think  ho 
c  »nld  have  trotted  iiirt  mih*  at  that  rate  the  neaHon  before  ho  went 
to  Kentucky.  Xotli'ni'j  /,v  huoinn  of  the  hnedinij  of  kin  dam. 
She  was  a  stroiiijf  nuide,  dark  l)rown  or  lilack  mare,  about  l.').] 
hajulH  liimdi,  with  a  fj;reat  deal  of  nerve,  and  more  than  ordiimry 
Hpeed— charaetcrirttics  that  belonged  to  the  MeHrtongers ;  hence  she 
was  called,  like  many  others,  a  Messenger  mare.  Hho  had  sav- 
eral  colts,  two  besides  the  Chief,  by  Mambrino  raymaster ;  they 
were  both  trotters,  one,  (ioliah,  a  bay,  i»lum|)  1(1]  hands  high, 
could  trot  better  than  2.40.  Iler  colts  by  other  Btailiona  never 
developed  any  speed  tluit  I  ever  licard  of. 

"The  above  is  all  that  is  reliably  known  about  Mambrino 
Chief,  prior  to  February,  1854,  when  ho  went  to  Kentucky. 

"  Hoping  soon  to  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you  and  your 
fine  stock, 

"  I  am,  very  respectfully,  yours, 

"G.  T.  Williams." 

DESCRIPTION  OF  TIIORNEDALE. 

Tliorneualc  is  a  solid  bay,  with  two  white  ankles  behind, 
standing  fifteen  and  a  half  hands  high.  He  is  a  grand  young 
stallion,  and  impresses  every  one  that  sees  him  with  his  immense 
power.  His  head  is  rather  heavy  and  Roman  in  outline,  with 
good  shoulders,  innnense  length,  stout  back  and  loins,  with 
greater  length  from  the  point  of  the  hip  to  the  whirlbone  and 
thence  to  the  hock,  than  any  trotting  stallion  that  we  are  ac- 
quainted with.  He  stands  on  good  broad  flat  legs,  sound  feet, 
has  superb  action,  with  great  speed,  combined  with  immense 
power.  He  has  grown  and  thickened  much  since  we  knew  him 
as  a  three-year-old.  He  is  quite  popular  in  Dutchess  County, 
covering  forty  mares— his  limit— the  past  scAson,  and  promises 
to  be  the  trotting  sire  of  Dutchess  County. 


'\. . 


TIlORNF.nALK, 


277 


Tniiilinson 
ngtoii  Ilol- 
iii  L'.40.  I 
'ciiiK  timed 
(lir-tuncf — 
!.  I  timed 
tluiik  hu 
>ro  1 10  wont 
'■  hin  dam, 
llhout  \'t\ 
II  «)rtliiiury 
;  lienco  she 

10   luid  B3V- 

ifttor;  tlioy 
\i\\(h  high, 
;ionB  novor 

Miimbrino 
;iK;ky. 
aud  your 


» 


.LIAH8. 


68  behind, 
nd  young 
3  immense 
tline,  with 
oins,  with 
'Ibone  and 
ive  aro  ac- 
ound  feet, 

immense 
knew  him 
18  County, 

promises 


TIIOUNKDALk's     I'KKFOHMANCKrt. 

I.rxtnitton,  Ky.,  Wcilnowlny,  .Iiily  l.'.lh.  lHfl>* -Hwi)op»l«kM  fbr  tliro(i-yoor-olJ»,  |A0  ontnnoc, 

play  or  piiy.    Mllii  Iu'HIk,  Iio»I  llinni  In  flvti  (II  ciiliKcrlborHl. 
ChiirliiK  U.  Uufiird'n  I),  c.  Thorni'iluK',  by  Aluxuudor'ii  Alxlalluh,  dam  by  Mambrliio 

('l>lt>r lit 

Ti'ppKr  Ik  Rvamer'n  h.  g.  Bimnarck il9t 

W.  M.  Y«t<>»'  hi.  c.  riirtli«,  liy  AmiTl.Mii  Clny.  dnm  r  McKHomjor  mnro  .        ill*, 

T.  J.  Maciiy'n  lir  f.  UucIiokh.  by  Iron  Duke,  iluni  lliorou«lilirml  more— podljfroo  kiiit 

diirliicllii' wnr dlx. 

Tlioniait  Krlttou'ii  r,  c.  Wilkla*  Itudlcy,  by  Kentucky  Clay,  dam  by  Dlood'n  Ulack 

lUwk (IIh. 

Timo-as'io)— ano-Utsu'. 

A  rorrospondont  of  "Tlio  Turf,  Fichl,  and  Farm  "  thuH  dc- 
Bcriboa  the  race: — "  Tho  day  wuh  iiitoiwoly  liot,  tho  attendance 
(jiiito  hirge,  and  tho  biittiiit?  ([uifo  brisk  upon  tho  diffiMTiit  I'livor- 
itcH.  Tho  rnco  it*  easily  de!S('ril)cd  ;  tho  i»ay  colt,  by  Abdiilhili, 
takinjj;  tho  load  in  oaeh  heat  and  winning  at  his  eauo.  Wo  re- 
gard liiui  as  tlio  most  promising  young  liorHe  wo  have  seen  in 
the  West." 

This  is  tho  only  trotting  performance  of  Thornedale.  Ifo 
took  tho  first  premium  at  Providoneo,  II.  I.,  in  Class  J],  Htuliions 
three  years  old  and  under  five,  beating  ton  oMiei-s.  Ho  took 
the  second  premium  at  the  recent  -Now  York  State  Fair  at 
Utica. 

Thornedale  covered  three  marca  when  a'  two-year-old,  and 
Mr.  Thornohas  purchased  one  of  tho  two  foals,  the  produce  of 
this  season.  Tho  colt  has  been  named  Wild  Oats,  and  from 
what  wo  can  learn  he  promises  very  highly.  This  colt  took  tho 
first  premium  at  tho  recent  fair  at  Lexington,  in  his  owi;  class, 
aud  afterwards  took  the  premium  in  the  sweepstake  ring  for  all 
ages.  We  were  struck,  upon  a  recent  visit  to  !Mr.  Thome's 
estate,  how  remarkably  both  Thornedale  and  Hamlet  marked 
and  colored  their  colts  after  themselves.  Mr.  Thome  has  gone 
largely  into  breeding  trotters,  selecting  his  sires  and  mares  with 
reference  to  the  fashionable  cross  of  Messenger.  Ho  is  attempt- 
ing to  recur  to  the  Messenger  blood  through  Hamlet,  by  Volun- 
teer, a  son  of  Rysdyk's  Ilambletonian,  and  Thornedale,  by 
Alexander's  Abdallah  (formerly  Edsall's  Ilambletonian),  dam 
by  Mambrino  Chief,  the  latter  giving  a  double  cross  of  this  blood 
through  Alexander's  Abdallah  and  Mambrino  Chief. 


278 


THE   HORSE. 


PERFORMANCES  OF  ETHAN  ALLEN-{See  m  105awrf815). 


DATE. 


1857  Oct,  20 
1833|  Oct.  15 
."    88 

Nov.lT 

1859  Stay  IS 
•'    31 

Nov.ai 

Dec.  1 

May  10 


COUBdE. 


1380 


18G1 


Jaly  Vi 


BoBton,  Maesi. 

Union  Course,  L.  I. 
WagonH  weli'li- 
in^;  1(K)  Ibi . 
Union  Course,  L.  I. 

Fa8liionCourse,L.I. 

Union  Couree,  L.  I  ' 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Union  Course,  L.  I. 

*!■  It 

Sratoga,  N.  Y. 


Har. 


Wags. 

D'ble 

liar. 

Wa.' 


DISTANCE. 


1-milo  heat, 


TIUE. 


8d  (dr.) 

8.37,  8.36,  8.33. 

I8t  time,  8,88. 

8.39i. 
8.37J,  8, 10,  8.85. 


A0AIN9T  T,  HAT 

uonaEs, 


Har, 
Wag, 
Har. 


8ept,1j|  Kalamazoo.  Mich 


Oct.    8 

"    IS 
Mar.  8 

July  15 


St.  Louis,  Mo. 


Memliis,  Tenn. 

Creole  Courfie,New 
Orleanu,  La. 


Gons 

tho.v 

jiloii^e 


1883 
1863 


Union  Course,  L,  I.    Wi 
Elhan  Allen  and 
mate. 
25   FashionConrse.L.I,  Wag, 
Etlian  Allan  and 
running  mate. 
Ans.  8  Union  Co,,  L,L,  r.m, 
Sept.  5  i  Fashion     '•      r,  m. 
Oct,  2i    Franklin    Course,    Har. 
N.Cl)elsea,Mae8 
"85 

Sept.lO 


June  3 
"    37 

Aug.  3 

"    26 


FashionCour8e,L.I, 


Franlviin     Course, 
N,  Cheltiea,  Mass. 
FashionCourse.L.L  Wag 


Riverside      Park,    Har. 
Brighton,  Mass. 

Walford    nnco      " 

Oo'.irse.  Maps. 
Lowell      Tiiitting      " 

Park,       Lowell, 

MasD. 


9d. 


l.bost.linSa.SOA,  2.25i. 

2.88i,2.89t,8.89i 
8d. 


2,.30J,  8.33,  2,34. 

2,36],  8,32,  8,41. 
2d  heat,  S,»4. 

2,22},  2.28, 2.23J, 

8d  heat,  2,21}; 
3d  heat  (dist,) 

3,211,2,22,2,821.1 
2,2;i,  3.19J,  2,21.  I 
2.31,  2.31 1,  3.28. 

3.89},  8.89,  8,31. 


Veto,lHt;  Young 

St.  Lawrence, 

2il. 
Columbus,     Jr., 

3d;     Ilirum 

Drew,  3d. 
Geo.  M,  Putchon, 

tdist.) 

Lantern  and  Pic- 
iolomini,2ddi». 
Lan;-!rn  &.  mate. 
Flori   Temple— 
3.!i),2,37},2,37} 
—prize,  ip2,000. 
Flora   Temple— 
2,27,  >1,27},  8.20 
— prize,  J1, 000, 
Flora   Temple— 
2,.n},3,3G},2,2.ii 
-prize,  ^1,000, 
QecM.Paiohon— 
3.35,  3.2-1,  2.29— 
prize,$3,000. 
Geo.M.Patchen- 
2,371, 8,3(i,  8,31  - 
prize,  !iil,O0O, 
Princess  (Ulst.) 
Brown  Dick,  3d. 
Flora   Temple- 
3,30},  2.25,,  2,23 
—prize,  $1,000, 
Draco,  2d  prize, 
$100;  Fox,  Hec- 
tor (pacer  sad,) 
D'-aco,  2(1 ;   Put- 
nam, 3d. 
Emma— 3.32, 2„36, 
2.35  —  $iiAm ; 
Gladiator.Hein- 
deer. 
Flora  Temple. 


*1,000 

2,000 

5,000 
10,000 


1,  best  a  in  8 


2,33,  2.31,  8.S 
2d. 

2d. 

U. 
8d. 


Flora      Temple 
,    (har.);  Istheat, 

2.20};  pr.  $1,000. 
Flora  Temple. 
Flora  Temple. 
Brown  Dick,  2d, 

$200. 
John  Morgan,  3d 

heat,  2,28. 
George    Wiik^s, 

prize,    $10,000; 

2,2-lJ,2,%J,3.3I, 
Pilot,   1st    heat, 

2,3!)}, 
Henry  CIny,  let 

prize,    |;],000; 

2.31, 2.32;,  2,8.1, 
Empre-^s,  1st  pr,. 

$2,C00;     3,ai}, 

2,.S.U.  2.46J, 
Empress,     Ist— 

2,(1,  2,44. 
Empress,  1st  pr., 

$500;  2,301,8,24. 


fiOO 

1,600 

500 


BOO 
1,000 

1,000 


200 

ma 

1,000 
1,000 


850 


PEEFOEJxANCES  OF   ETHAN   ALLEN. 


279 


PERFORMANCES  OF  ETHAN  ALLEN        lUinued. 


TT^HAT 

H 

ISBB. 

i 

;  YoilDJ, 

iwreuce 

$1,000 

IS,     Jr., 

Iliruiu 

3(i. 

PutcUen 

2,000 

and  Plc- 

5,000 

li.addis 

Hi,  mate. 

10,000 

iiiiiplc— 

!7l,a.a7i 

,  |!i,000. 

cniple— 

ari,  s.ao 

,^',000. 

LTupii:  — 

iCi,-.>.a.ii 

*1  ,(«(>. 

ucliuii— 

M,  8.20- 

^8,000. 

itclien— 

iti.  3.ai  - 

1,000. 

(list.) 

500 

Kk,  Sd. 

1,60(1 

■mplo— 

500 

i5;,a.28 

*1,000. 

prize, 

500 

>x,  Ilt'e- 

^r  pad.) 

;  Piit- 

1,000 

32,2.36, 

J!2,000 ; 

jr.Rein- 

Bple. 

1,000 

remplo 

Btheat, 

.  $1,000. 

iple. 

200 

iple. 
ck,  2tl, 

600 

1,000 

?an, 3d 
V'ilk"8, 

1,000 

10,000; 

5;,  2.31. 

heat, 

260  , 

IV,  let 

.1,000; 

;,  2.»i! 

ft  ))r., 

a.aij, 

6J. 

■Ist— 

i',2.3l 

Sept.  6 


COUBSK. 


^VorceBter,  Maes. 


1867  May  29  Fashion  Cc  -se.LJ. 


June  81   Fasliion  Conrse,L.I. 
Ethan  Allen  and 
running  mate. 
(Charlotte  F.) 
July    4   Morristown,  N.  J. 
Ethan  Alien  and 
running  mate. 
(Charlotte  F.) 
"     8    National       Horse 
Fair,   Rochester, 
N.Y. 
Ethan  Allen  and 
running  mate. 
Aug.  16   Buffalo  Horse  Fair, 
BuCralo,  N.  Y. 
Ethan  Allen  and 
romtlng  mate. 


"    20 
Sept.  87 


Avon,  N.  Y. 

Etiian  Alien  ond 

runulng  mate. 

Somerville,  N.  J. 

Ethan  Allen  and 

running  mate. 


Netting  B. 


CO  n  o 

S  9  <     DISTAKCB. 


Har. 


Wag. 
Har. 


Wag. 


1, best 3 In 5 list  heat,  %^\ 
4th  heat,  diat. 


2.29,  2.21,  2.19. 
2.1B,  2.10,  2.19. 


AGAINST  WHAT 
UURSES, 


a.22i,  3.20J,  2.20. 
2.86i,3.28J,S21. 

(Distanced). 


3.323, 2.S4, 8.a0|, 


2d  heat,  2.19i ; 
3d  heat,  2.a4i. 


Fearnaught,  Ist 
prize,  *1,W;  Tl- 
conic,  2d  prize, 
|100. 

Brown  George  & 
running  mate. 

Dexter,  8d— 2.16 


Dexter. 


Honest  Allen  and 
mate. 


Honest  Allen  and 
running  mate, 
prize,  *2,800; 
ist  heat,  3.28.! ; 
3d  heat,  2.27; 
4th  heat,  2.27}. 
Brown  George 
and  running 
mate,  2d  prize, 

tl,000;2dheat, 
,283. 
Honest  Allen  and 
running  mate. 

Honest  Allen  and 
running  mate ; 
let  heat,  S.24}. 


|1,00(I 
250 


8,B00 


2.000 


2,000 


3,000 


.$87,700 


In  ten  years,  trotting  thirty-six  races,  won  20,  lost  15 ;  received  second  money  once. 


■  .■«.,iiew',!,"j-»v-.*aipj-„'-;]i 


PEDIGREE 


OF    T  R  0  T  T  I  N  G-H  0  R  S  E  S. 

It  -was  my  hope  that  I  should  be  able  to  give  my  readers 
the  complete  and  authentic  pedigrees  of  several  distinguished 
trotting-horses,  which  are  believed  to  be  nearly  if  not  entirely 
thoroughbred.  For  although  thorough  blood  is  not  a  necessary 
cause  of  excellence  to  the  trotter,  as  it  is  to  the  race-horse,  tin  e 
can  be  no  doubt  that  both  for  speed  and  endurance  it  is  an  ad- 
junct highly  desirable. 

This  is  rendered  manifest  by  the  known  high  and  pure  blood, 
on  both  sides,  of  many  of  the  most  celebrated  horses  which  have 
ever  trotted  on  American  soil,  and,  if  possible,  yet  more  so  by 
the  attempts  constantly  made  by  the  owners  of  trotting-horses 
not  tlioroughbred,  to  prove  them  to  be  what  they  are  not. 

A  few,  however,  and  those  the  very  best,  are  known  to  be  of 
the  highest  strain. 

Paul  Pry  was  got  by  Mount  Holly,  dam  by  Hambletonian, 

Abdallah  and  Messenger,  trotting  stallions,  by  Mambrino, 
also  a  trotter,  by  Messenger. 

Andrew  Jackson,  whose  pedigree  is  given  above  in  full,  was 
got  by  Young  Bashaw,  a  thoroughbred  son  tf  the  Barb  Grand 
Bashaw,  out  of  a  grand-daughter  of  Messenger. 

Kemble  Jackson  was  got  by  Andrew  Jackson  out  of  Fanny 
Kemble,  sister  to  Charles  Kemble,  by  Sir  Archy,  &c.,  &c.,  per- 
fectly thoroughbred  of  the  highest  strain. 

Long  Island  Black  Hawk  was  by  Andrew  Jackson,  out  of 
Sally  Miller,  a  famous  trotting-raare,  who  was  got  by  Maiabrino, 
a  thoroughbred  son  of  imp.  Messenger. 

Young,  or  Vernol's  Black  Hawk,  is  by  Black  Hawk,  his  dam 
by  Kentucky  "Whip,  a  son  of  Blackburn's  Whip,  his  great  grand 
dam  on  the  female  side,  the  famous  trotting  Shakespere  mare. 


TROTTING   nORSF.g. 


S81 


readers 
iiguished 
;  entirely 
lecessary 
■se,  till  c 
is  an  ad- 
re  blood, 
icli  have 
)re  80  by 
ig-liorses 
ot. 
I  to  be  of 

jtonian. 
imbrino, 

full,  was 
b  Grand 

f  Fanny 
fee,  per- 


i,  out  of 
iiabrino, 


his  dam 
at  grand 
mare. 


Lady  Suffolk  was  by  Engineer,  said  to  be  thoroughbred  and 
a  son  of  Engineer  by  imp.  Messenger— her  dam  by  Plato,  also  a 
son  of  imp.  Messenger,  grandam  by  Eainbow, 

Awful  was  by  thoroughbred  American  Boy,  I  believe,  out 
of  a  thoroughbred  mare. 

Trustee  was  by  imported  Trustee  out  of  the  trotting  mare 
Fanny  Pullen,  believed  to  be  of  good  blood. 

Pocahontas  is  by  thoroughbred  Iron's  Cadmus,  out  of  an,  at 
least,  half-bred  Shakespere  mare. 

And,  lastly,  the  Morgans  claim  to  be  descended  frcm  thorough 
blood,  although  the  claim  cannot  be  proved. 

PEDIGREE   OF   THE   MORGANS.* 

I  have  just  ascertained  a  fact,  which  deserves  to  berec  >rdcd 
here,  as  it  absolutely  sets  at  rest  the  question  of  True  Briton's 
parentage  by  the  imported  horse,  Moreton's  Traveller. 

Trav°eller  was  foaled  by  Bay  Bloody  Buttocks  to  Mr.  Croft's 
Partner,  in  one  of  the  years  1745-'6,  or  '7.  The  American  Stud 
Book  says  about  1748  ;  but  in  1748  she  missed  to  Croft's  Part- 
ner, and,  in  1749,  bore  her  last  colt  to  Forester. 

Selah  Norton's  advertisement  of  1791,  in  the  Hartford  Cou- 
rant,  states  that  True  Briton  was  then  in  his  prirm. 

This  is  never  said  of  a  horse  exceeding,  at  the  utmost,  twelve 

years  old. 

Now,  if  True  Briton  were  twelve  years  old  m  1791,  and  the 
son  of  Moretons  Traveller  foaled  in  1747,  that  horse  must  have 
been  thirty-two  years  old  when  he  got  him,  which  is  absurd. 

Or,  if  Moreton's  Traveller  got  him  in  his  tioenty-second  year, 
the  oldest  at  which  a  stalUon  is  ever  recorded  to  have  got  a  per- 
fect foal.  True  Briton,  his  son,  was  in  his  prime  at  twenty-two, 

which  is  absurd.f  «  ,r      .     ,    m       n 

Ergo,  True  Briton  was  not  son  of  Moreton's  Traveller.— 

Q.  E.  D.' 

»  I  may  here  state  that  I  have  fallen  into  an  error  on  page  160  of  this  vol.  in 
describing  Mambrino,  by  American  Eclipse  out  of  Grand  Duches,,  as  the  sn-e  of  the 
trottiug-mare  Betsey  Baker.    Her  sire  was  the  trotting-horse  Mambnno,  son  of  Mos- 

"*J  toported  Diomed.  Messenger,  Leviathan,  Glencoe  Yorkshire  and  American 
Ecilpseyall  got  colts  after  they  were  25  years  old.  Amencau  Ecbpse  after  he 
was  thirty. — Ed. 


283 


THE    HORSE. 


BEST   TIME    ON   RECORD, 

TROTTING  AT  MILE  HEATS. 


18;50 


1830 

1837 
1839 
1S41 

1843 


1844 

1845 
184S 

1817 
184S 
1849 
18.J0 
1851 
1853 
1853 


1834 

1855 
1858 
18G0 

1837 


1868 
1809 


SADDLE,  IIA1;NES8, 
on  WAGON. 


Burst.ir, 
Sally  Miller. 
Kihvjn  Forrest, 
Edwin  Forrest, 
Charlotte  Tumplo, 
Dutchman, 
Norman  Leslie, 
Locomotive, 
Dutchman, 
Brooklyn  Moid, 
Confidence, 
Lady  Suffolk, 
Lady  Suffolk, 
Lady  Suffolk, 
Lady  Suffolk, 
Ripton, 
Lady  Suffolk, 
Lady  Suffolk, 
Aggy  Down, 
Grey  Eagle, 
Lady  Suffolk, 
Gon.  Taylor, 
Lady  Sutton, 
Lady  Suffolk, 
Morphine, 
Jack  Rossiter, 
Tacony, 
Flora  Temple, 

Tacony, 

Tacony, 

Flora  Temple, 

Grey  Eddy, 

Lady  Mac, 

Flora  Temple, 

Dexter, 

George  Wilkes, 

Dexter, 

Doxtor, 

Dexter, 

Lady  Thome, 

American  Girl, 

Goldsmith  Maid, 

Lady  Thome, 

Black  wood,  3-yr-old 


Saddle, 


Harness, 
Saddle, 
Harness, 
SadiUo, 


Harness, 

Saddle, 
t{ 

tt 

{( 

Harness, 


Saddle, 
Iliirness, 
Saddle, 
Harness, 


Saddle, 
HarnesB, 

Wagon, 

Harness, 
«( 

Wagon, 
Harness, 


2  3'^ 

2:m,  2.37.  2.40,  2.42,  3.44. 

2.3U,  2.33. 

2.37.  2.30.  2.39,  2.40. 
2.39,  8.38.  8.39,  2.40. 
2.30,  2.35,  2.33,  2.33.  8.40. 

2.38,  2.30 J,  2.38,  2.30,  3.38. 

2.38,  2.30.  2.87. 
2.35,  2.33,  2.35. 

2.43.  3.41,  3.40,  2.40 J,  3.40,  2.38. 
2.35,  2.37.  2.30. 

2.30i,  3.43},  2.28.  • 

3.39,  2.30,  2.38i. 

888^,3.38,2.38,2  29.2.33. 

2.30 V,  2.27,  3.27.— 

2.32.V,  3.3U,  8.33,  2.38,  2.35. 

3.38.  2.33.V,  2.34,  2.37. 

2.44,  2.30  v. - 

8.27,  2.39  .V,  2.30,  3.80,  2.31. 
2.33,  3.33.K  3.33. 

2  34.  2.34.1,  8.34J,  3.35,  2.38A. 
2.37,  2.37,  3.28,  2.30.  2,81.    * 
2  33,  2.33.  2.35,  2.37,  2.38,  2.80. 
2.29i.  2.31. 2.80, 3.3U,  8.33, 2.31, 2.3a 
2.34.3.331,3.33. 

3.39,  3.30,  8.80,  3.34. 

3.28,  8.30,  2.20.^ 
2.33i,  2.27.  3.28^,. 
8.25.H  8.35i.- 
2.88.  2  27.  2.29. 
2.31  J,  3.38,  8.33. 
2.381.  3.30i.  2  32-J. 

2.27J,  3.3li,  2.28i,  2.29, 2.31. 

2  24}. 

2.21^2.26.2.18. 

2.80,  2.27,  2.25. 

2.20.V,  8.17}. 

3.31f,  2.10,  2.31}. 

2.32,  2.34.  2.2S. 

2.34,  3.20,  2.25}. 

2.231,  2.19,  2.20i. 

3.191,  3.19V,  8.19J. 

2.19:;,  3.181,  2.19},  2.21. 

231,  fastest  for  that  age. 


I  I"  iniwiiiiBiii 


mmmtmmm. 


44. 


3. 

J8. 


iO,  2.38. 

2. 
,35. 

II. 

88i. 

,'  2.30. 

3, 3.31, 2.3a 


TKOTTING   TIMK. 

'4S3 

TROTTING  AT  TWO-MILE  HEATS. 

DATK. 

1 

NAME. 

SADDLE,  IHRNESS, 
OH  WAOON. 

t:me. 

1331 

Toppnllnnt, 

Saddle, 

5.37,  5.19,  5.23. 

1835 

Modt'Stv, 

l> 

5.35,  5.10,  5.31. 

1830  1  Don  Junn, 

<l 

5.17,5.14. 

1837  i  1).  1).  Toini)kin8, 

ti 

5.10  V,  5.11. 

1838  i  Edwin  Foncst. 

Harness, 

5.17."  5.13,  5.17. 

« 

Rattler, 

Saddle, 

5,17,  5.13i, 

«< 

Rattler, 

" 

5.39,  5.17,  5.40. 

tt 

Qroenwich  Maid, 

HumcKS, 

5.20,  5.23. 

i( 

Awful, 

Saddle, 

5.38,  5.31*. 

1839 

Dutcliman, 

(t 

5.10.  5.09. 

K 

Dutchman, 

Harness, 

5.11,  5.10. 

it 

Don  Juan, 

Saddle, 

5.17.  5.14. 

tt 

Henry, 

Harness, 

5.30.  5.28. 

1840 

Lady  Suffolk, 

Saddle.            ' 

^A.r>o,5.o:n. 

ti 

Edwin  Forrest, 

" 

5.05,  5.00. 

tt 

Washington, 

Harness, 

5.18.V,  5.17,  5.20. 

1841 

Lady  Suflolk, 

Saddle, 

5.05. 

ti 
(( 

Confidence, 
Duclii'ss, 

Harness, 

5.10.V.  5.10i,  5.10,  5.18, 
5.18,  5.20. 

5.25. 

1843 

Lady  Suffolk,' 
Ripton, 

ti 

a 

5.10,  5.15. 
5.10.V.  5.13A. 

ti 

Ripton, 

" 

5.07,  5.15. 

<4 

Ripton, 

•• 

5,07,  5  15,  5.17. 

(( 

Americas, 

a 

5.14,  5.20. 

ti 

Confidence, 

a 

5.U\,  5.27,  5.37. 

1843 

Dutchman, 
Ripton, 

5.19,"  5.20,  5.23,5.29. 
5.13.  5.13.  5.17. 

18.53* 

Flora  Temple, 

|( 

4.59,  5.01  J. 

1055 

Flora  Temple, 

" 

4.59,  4.57.' 5.2U. 

1859 

Flora  Temple, 

" 

4..50J,  5.05. 

1803 

(teneral  Butler,f 

Wagon, 

4.501,  0.04. 

1805 

Dexter, 

5.001,  4.50J. 

1.31. 


*  No  timo  of  any  consequence  nt  two-mile  heats  during  the  ten  years  from  1848  to  1853. 
+  General  Butler  camo  in  tti-at,  but  the  race  was  given  to  Geo.  M.  Patcheu  for  a  cross  on 
the  homo  strotch. 


TROTTING  AT  THREE-MILE  HEATS. 


SADDLE,  HARNESS, 

TIKE. 

DATE. 

NAME. 

OU  WAGON. 

About  1837 

Screwd  river,  b.g." 

Saddle, 
Harness, 

8.03,  8.10. 
8.18,8  38. 

1938 

Sir  Peter, 

it 

8.33,  8.19. 

1839 

Topgallant, 

Saddle, 

8.33.  8.00,  8.17. 

About    " 

Whalebone, 

Harness, 

8.18. 

«i 

Shakespeare. 

Saddle, 

8.10. 

(( 

Betsey  Raker, 

810. 

it 

Sir  Peter, 

Harness, 

8.17,  8.13. 

1831 

Cato. 

ti 

8.02,  8.18. 

284 


TIIK   IIOKSE. 


TROTTING  AT  TIIUEE-MILE  HEATS. 


SATE. 

MAHE. 

SADDLK,  UAnNESB, 
OK  WAOON. 

Tins. 

1831 

Lady  Victory, 

Harness, 

8.11. 

isya 

Screwdriver,  cb.  p., 

" 

8.18,  8.38. 

1833 

Columbus, 

Saddle, 

7.57*,  7.54,  9.01.    -^ 

1834 

Columbus, 

«( 

8TJ2,  8.0.17^ 

tl 

Columbus, 

II 

7..58,  8.07. 

1838 

Lady  VVarrinp;t,)n, 

U 

805,  8.17,  8.19. 

18:!7 

D.  D.  Tompkins, 

U 

7  59,  8.00. 

1833 

Dutchman, 
Rattier, 

II 
II 

7.54*,  7  50,8.02,8.24^. 
8.11,8.17. 

1).  I).  Tompkins, 

" 

8.07. 

1839 

Dutchman, 

If 

7.82.}.    Second  mile  in 

3.28. 

Dutchman, 

Harness, 

7.41. 

1840 

Duichman, 

Saddle, 

7.51,  7.51. 

1841 

Lady  SuflTolk, 

II 

7.40.V,  7.50. 

1843 

it 

Aaron  Burr, 

Ripton, 

Ripton, 

Harness, 

II 

8.021,8.03,8.08,8.10. 
8.00,  7.5"*. 
8.03,  8.04. 

1843 

Ripton, 

If 

7..')3,  8.03. 

1843 

Amoricus, 

11 

8.00,  8.05J. 
8.02,  8.071,817. 

Lady  SuflTolk, 

11 

1853 

Komble  Jackson, 

Wagon, 

8.03,  8.04J. 

Pet, 

*' 

8.03,  8.01. 

1860 

Flora  Temple, 

IlarncBS, 

7.33J,  7.48J. 
7.34 

1863 

General  Butler, 

.( 

TROTTING  AT  FOUR-MILE  HEATS.* 


DATE. 


1829 

183« 
1839 
1840 
1843 
1849 
1869 


Sir  Peter, 
Dutchman, 
Lady  Suffolk, 
Lady  SuflTolk, 
Ellen  Thompson, 
Trustee, 
Longfellow, 


TniE. 


11.23, 11.27. 
11.19, 10.51. 
11.22, 11.34. 
11.15, 11.58. 
11.5.5,  11.33. 
11.06. 
10.42J,  10.341. 


•Of  lato  yea™  there  has  heen  no  trotting  at  two,  three,  and  fonr-mlle  heat.,  when  the 
timers  .urr:-«ed  that  of  pre^^oue years.    We  have,  therefore,  refrained  fi-om  nntinij  it 
ber  31  iSr"  C«l"^o"la  V^von.    This  trot  came  off  at  Ban  F-anciwo,  Cal.,  Decern- 


TKOrriNO   AND   TACINO. 


285 


PACINO. 


3.24J. 

lile  in  3.28. 

3.1C. 


27. 
51. 
34. 
58. 
33. 


i34l. 


3at!<,  when  the 
intlnu  It 

>,  Cal.,  Dccem- 


mm 


DAil. 

NAMB. 

BAODLB,  n.\RNE8S, 
Oil  WAOON. 

DlBTANCa. 

TUU* 

1829 

Bowery  Boy, 

Paddle, 

2  miles, 

r)M\,  5.071. 

tt 

Stranger, 

" 

2      *' 

5.10,  5.16. 

1835 

Top  Sawyer, 
Oneida  Cliief, 

tt 

1      " 

2.31. 

2.34,  2.33.  2.31. 

1838 

Oneida  Ciiief, 

tt 

2      '* 

5.14,  5.004. 

1830 

Drover, 

■  i 

1      " 

2.80.  2.31,  2.88. 

1840 

Oneida  Cliief, 

Harness, 

o         n 

8.17.  8.20i. 

1841 

Volcano, 

Saddle, 

1          " 

2.39,  2.31i,  2.84i,  3.88i. 

it 

Billy. 
Oneida  Chief, 

11 
Harness, 

1          '* 

O                4( 

2..1!?. 
7.50,  8.04. 

1843 

Oneida  Chief, 

Saddle, 

3      ** 

7.44,  7.53. 

1844 

Jnmes  K.  Polk, 

Harness, 

2.23. 

184-5 

JnmcB  K.  Polk, 

" 

1          " 

2.27. 

1847 

Itonnoko, 

Saddle, 

1          '' 

2.25,  2.27,  2.26,  2.20}. 

1849 

Dan  Miller, 

HarneBS, 

1          " 

2.24,  2.27,  2.27i,  2.23. 

1850 

Roanoke, 

Saddle, 

1         " 

2.30,  2.88,  2.30. 

1851 

TccuniBoh, 

Harness, 

1          " 

3.21. 

1852 

Roanoke, 

tt 

1          *' 

S.19i,3.18*,3.37,2.27.3.45. 

1854 

Pocahontas, 

<i 

1          " 

3.20,  2.25,  2.20. 

1ft55 

Hero, 

tt 

1          " 

2.28i,  2.333,  2.255,  2.31. 

1868 

Pocahontas, 
Billy  Boyce, 

Wapron, 

Saddle, 

1         " 
1         '* 

2.171. 

2.31J,  2.15i,  2.14i,  2.20J. 

MlSCKLLANROrJS  EXAMPLES  OF  EXTRAOKDINAIIY  PEUFORMANCES 


ny 


AMERICAN   TROTTERS, 


Toi>giillant  trotted  in  Jiarness,  12  miles  in  38  minutes. 
A  roan  mare,  called  Yankee  Sal,  trotted  in  a  match  against 
time,  I5|  miles  in  48  minutes  43  sec, 

Liuly  Kate  trotted  JO  miles  in  5()m.  13s. 
In  September,  1S20,  Tom  Thumb  was  driven,  in  England, 
1(5^  miles  in  5Gni.  45s.;  and  in  February,  of  the  same  year, 
trotted  100  miles  in  lOh.  7m.,  in  harness. 

In  1S31,  Jerry  performed  17  miles  in  58m.,  imder  the  saddle. 
In  1831,  Chancellor  trotted  33  miles  in  Ih.  58m.  31s.     The 
last  mile,  to  save  a  bet,  was  done  in  3m.  78. 

Pelham  did  16  miles  in  58m.  28s.,  without  training. 
Paul  Pry,  in  1833,  accomplished  18  miles  in  5Sm.  52s. 
In  1831,  Whalebone  did  32  miles  in  Ih.  55m. 
In  1839,  Empress  trotted  33  miles  in  Ih.  5Sm.  558. 
In  1835,  Black  Joke  did  50  miles  in  3h.  578. 
Mischief,  in  1837,  accomplished  about  84^  miles  in  8h.  30m., 
ill  harness. 

A  pair  of  horses,  in  1828,  did  100  miles  in  llh.  54m. 
Mr.  Theall's  horses,  in  June,  1834,  did  100  miles  within  lOh. 
In  1841,  Fanny  Jeuks  did  10  miles  in  29m.  59s. 
In  1845,  Fanny  Jenks  trotted  101  miles,  in  harness,  in  9h. 
42m.  57s.     See  Turf  Register  for  1845. 

In  1840,  Fanny  Murray  did  100  miles  in  9b.  41m  26s.,  and 
Ariel  50  miles  in  3h.  55m.  40^s. 

Sir  William,  iu  1847,  at  Manchester,  England,  did  18J  miles 
in  1  h. 


mhmm 


AMKKUIAN    TKorrKUS. 


287 


'OKMANCES 


ten. 

uli  against 

England, 
ame  year, 

he  saddle. 
31s.     The 


81i.  30m., 

n. 

itliin  lOh. 

ss,  in  9h. 

26s.,  and 

18J  miles 


1318.   Tnii^teo  liaH  dono  20  miles  within  tlio  li«>iir-.')Om.  'Mih. 

lAuW  Fulton  has  done  2(»  milos  within  tho  lu)iir--5'Jni.  .^i-w. 

In  isi'.t,  Fly  did  W)  miles  in  8h.  ir»m.,  including  2  houre' 
stoi)[)agc.     (Dduhttul.) 

In  1850,  Kate  di<l  100  miles  in  Oh.  44m.  :|s. 

Five  miles,  in  harness,  .Morrisscy,  Detroit  Uorsc  lAvir,  August 
20,  18(58,  i;?m.  Up. 

Five  miles,  to  wagon,  Americus,  in  18il,  on  Long  Island, 
13m.  54s. 

Ten  miles,  in  harness,  Joli  .  Stewart,  Riverside,  half-milo 
track,  Juno  30,  1868,  28m.  02,ls. 

Ten  miles,  in  harness,  Novemher  12, 1853,  Prince,  28m.  OS.^s. 

Twelve  miles,  in  harness,  riiiladelphia.  Topgallant,  38in. 

Twenty  mile,:,  in  harness.  Captain  Mc(iowan,  half-mile 
track,  58m.  25s. 

Twenty  niiles,  to  wagon,  John  Stewart,  Fashion  Course, 
Septemher  22,  1808,  59in.  233. 

F'ifty  miles,  to  wagon,  driver  and  wagon  weighing  400  Ihs., 
Octoher  15,  1855,  Spangle,  3h.  59m.  048. 

One  Inmdrcd  miles,  in  harness,  November  12,  1853,  Con- 
quv^ror,  8h.  55m.  539. 

One  hundred  miles,  in  double  harness,  Master  Burk  and 
Robin,  lOh.  ITh.  22s. 


A  CLEVELAND  BAT  STALLION. 
Importad  from  the  Emperor  of  France'a  atables,  by  W.  0.  Rlrei,  Esq.,  of  Y*. 

PRINCirLES  OF  BREEDING. 


The  following  essay  on  the  principles  of  breeding,  on  i  >- 
breeding,  and  out-breeding,  selection  of  blood,  and  choice  of 
mares  and  stallions,  is  quoted  from  an  excellent  English  work, 
Stonehenge  on  British  Rural  Sports. 

This  has  been  done,  not  for  the  purpose  of  avoiding  trouble 
or  sparing  time,  but  because  I  conceive  the  principles  laid 
down  to  be  correct  throughout,  the  reasoning  logical  and  co- 
gent, the  examples  well-taken,  and  the  deductions  from  them 
Buch  as  can  scarcely  be  denied. 

The  examples  of  this  writer,  it  will  be  seen,  are  all  taken 
from  English  horses.  That  will,  however,  be  found  no  drawback 
or  disadvantage,  but  rather  the  reverse ;  as  the  whole  system 
depends  on  the  power  of  tracing  the  blood  of  the  sire  and  dam, 
without  interruption  or  error,  directly  to  the  original  sources, 
which  can,  thanks  to  the  existence  of  regularly  preserved  stud 
Vol.  II.— 19 


200 


Tmc  noMi. 


boolcH  bo  done  to  a  coriuinty  in  iiiiioty-nino  cnscs  nut  of  a  hun- 
drud  ill  Kn^laiul,  wlii'it'iiH  witli  um,  utU^r  a  few  gunoratioiiB,  tho 
liii«>  in  too  nttt'ii  loHf,  lift  ill  (idulit  or  (K'pondont  on  mere  rumor, 
owing  to  tliu  uimcnco  of  iiiillu'iilit'  r(U!ord8.  Thu  inuthod  wliich 
Stonehengit  HuggoBts  can  roadily,  howovcr,  l)o  carried  out  horo, 
after  becoiniiig,  tlirough  Imh  urguim^nt  and  ('xainplcH,  iniiHtcr  of 
tho  HyMtoiii ;  hiiico,  although  the  individual  pedigrecH  of  innny, 
if  not  in(»Ht  of  our  horses,  are  loHt  holore  we  got  to  a  very  re- 
mote antiquiiy,  tlie  original  HtraiiiH,  from  wliich  our  very  best 
blood  is  derived,  tlirough  Sir  Arciiy,  FV-arnouglit,  JanuH,  Jolly 
Roger,  and  Moreton'tj  Traveller,  bcMide  others,  are  perfectly 
well  known. 

So  that  it  is  easy,  in  selecting  stallions  from  among  tho  mod- 
em importations,  to  go  upon  whichever  system  may  etriko  the 
fancy,  that  of  in  or  of  out-breeding. 

1  think,  uiyHolf,  that  it  is  made  clear  by  recent  events,  and 
that  such  is  shown  to  ite  the  case  by  tho  tables  of  racing  stock, 
given  at  the  close  of  the  first  volume,  that  previous  to  tho  last 
quarter  of  a  century,  tho  American  Turfman  was  probably 
breeding  in  too  much  to  tho  old  Virginia  and  South  Carolina 
ante-revolutionary  stock,  and  that  the  American  race-horso  has 
been  improved  b_^  tho  recent  cross  of  modern  English  blood. 
It  is  also  well  worthy  of  remark,  that  every  one  of  tho  four 
most  successful  of  modern  English  stallictns  in  this  country, 
which  have  most  decidedly  hit  with  our  old  stock  Leviathan, 
Sarpedon,  Priam,  and  Glencoo,  all  trace  back  to  several  crosses 
of  Herod  blood,  Glencoe,  and  Priam,  not  less  than  three  or  four 
several  times  each,  to  crosses  of  P.rtner  blood,  and  directly 
sevetal  times  over  to  the  Godolphin  Barb,  or  Arabian — which 
are  tlie  very  strains  from  which  our  "^  ""irginia  stock  derives  its 
peculiar  excellence.  It  is  further  worthy  of  remark,  that  two 
stallions  have  decidedly  hit  with  the  imported  English  mare 
Reel,*  as  proved  by  her  progeny,  Lecomte  and  Prioress,  respect- 
ively, to  Boston  and  imp.  Sovereign. 

Now  Reel,  through  Glencoe,  Catton,  Gohanna,  and  Smolen- 
sko,  has  herself  no  less  than  seven  distinct  strains  of  Herod 
hlood.  Boston,  as  every  one  knows,  traces  directly,  through 
Timoleon,  Sir  Archy,  Diomed,  Florizel,  to  Herod.     Sovereign, 

*  Reel  waa  foaled  in  this  country,  but  of  pur)  English  imported,  being  by 
imp.  Glencoe,  out  of  imp.  Gtallopade  by  Catton. 


mtm 


IIKHOI)   BLOOD. 


201 


of  a  hnn- 
ntioiiB,  tho 
ero  nnnor, 
liod  which 

out  horo, 
mnstor  of 

of  many, 
a  very  ro- 

vory  boat 
mm,  Jolly 

perfectly 

tho  mod- 
Btriko  the 

k'ontB,  and 
ing  Btock, 
f)  tho  hist 

probably 
I  Carolina 
liorso  hii8 
ah  blood. 

the  four 

country, 
eviathan, 
al  crosses 
io  or  four 

directly 
1 — which 
erives  its 
that  two 
ish  mare 
,  respect- 

Smolen- 
>f  Herod 

through 
overeign, 

i,  being  bj 


also,  thn-ugh  EtniliuK,  hi»  sire,  Iuih  II«'rod  on  both  lines,  as  bis 
piitiTtial  iind  inatcriuil  g.  g.  g.  sire ;  and  Tartar,  tho  siro  of  u 
Ilerod,  a  third  time,  in  one  remove  yet  farther  back. 

Now  this  would  go  to  juHtify  StoneliengeV*  opinion, that  the 
reciirreiicc  to  tln!  name,  (iriginal,  ohl  Mtrainn  of  bloi.d,  when  hucIi 
strains  have  been  sutliciently  intermixed,  and  rendered  new  by 
other  more  recent  crosses,  is  not  injurious,  but  (jf  great  advan- 
tage; and  that,  on  tho  whole,  it  is  hviU'V,  avhriti  jxin'hitM,  to 
have  recourse  to  such,  than  to  try  experiniuuts  with  extreme 
out-crosses. 

On  this  principle,  if  one  might  venture  to  try  prediction, 
tho  newly  imported  stallion  Scythian,  by  Orlando,  out  of  Scy- 
tliiaby  lictmau  IMatolf,  in  addition  to  nuinyof  the  best  crosses 
of  out-blood,  as  Prunella,  Highflyer,  Eclipse,  vVc,  has  at  least 
fourteen  in-crosses  of  Herod  blood,  seven  in  tho  pedigree  of 
Cobweb,  his  g.  g.  dam  ;  two  through  Shine,  son  of  Orville ;  one 
through  Royal  Oak,  H(m  of  (Jatton,  and  four  through  his  siro 
Orlanilo,  by  Ueningbrough,  Evelina,  Buzzard  and  Diomed,  all 
of  whom  run  ultimately  to  the  strain. 

I  have  no  doubt,  in  the  world,  that  tins  is  a  branch  of  the 
subject  of  breeding  to  which  no  adequate  attention  has  been 
given  heretofore ;  and  that  it  will  be  found  hereafter,  duo  re- 
gard being  had  to  tho  remote  lines  of  descent,  and  proper  study 
being  given  to  ascertain  the  proximate  strains  of  blood,  that  far 
more  is  to  be  done  for  tho  improvement  of  stock  of  all  kinds, 
than  can  be  effected  by  tho  choice  of  thib  stallion,  or  that ; 
merely  because  ho  is  fashionable,  because  ho  is  handsome,  be- 
cause he  has  run  well,  both  for  speed  and  stoutness— though,  of 
course,  all  theee  are  arguments  in  his  favor,  and,  though  in  do 
fault  of  some  of  them  he  should  not  be  chosen  at  all— nor  even 
because  he  has  got  good  stock  out  of  mares  of  a  strain  wholly 
different  from  that  to  which  it  is  intended  to  put  him.  And  1 
believe  that  the  same  theory  may  bo  successfully  applied  to 
other  breeds,  than  the  pure  thorough-blood,  as  I  shall  explain 
hereafter. 

*  This  theory  of  bretding  we  believe  to  Ije  correct,  but  it  \a  the  merest 
twaddle  to  talk  about  this  or  that  horse  being  in-bred  to  Herod.  We  defy  any 
one  to  take  up  tlie  pedi;;roe  of  a  thoroughbred  horse  and  not  find  him  in-bred 
to  Herod,  one  of  the  original  progenitors  of  our  thoroughbreda 


392 


THB  H0B8B. 


THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  BREEDING  FOR  TQE  TURF  AND 
FOR  GENERAL  PURPOSES. 


THEOFY     OF     GENERATION. 

Before  proceeding  to  enlarge  upon  the  practical  manage- 
ment of  the  breeding  stud,  it  will  be  well  to  ascertain  what  are 
the  known  laws  of  generation  in  the  higher  animals. 

Tlie  union  of  the  sexes  is,  in  all  the  higher  animals,  neces- 
sary for  reproduction ;  the  male  and  female  each  taking  their 
respective  share. 

The  office  of  the  male  is  to  secrete  the  semen  iu  the  testes, 
and  emit  it  into  the  uterus  of  the  female,  where  it  comes  in 
contact  with  the  ovum  of  the  female — which  remains  sterile 
without  it. 

The  female  forms  the  ovum  in  the  ovary,  and  at  regular 
times,  varying  in  different  animals,  this  descends  into  the  uterus. 
for  the  purpose  of  fructification,  on  receiving  the  stimulus  and 
addition  of  the  sperm-cell  of  the  semen. 

The  semen  consists  of  two  portions — the  spermatozoa,  which 
have  an  automatic  power  of  moving  from  place  to  place,  by 
which  quality  it  is  believed  that  the  semeu  is  carried  to  the 
ovum ;  and  the  sperm-cells,  which  are  intended  to  co-operate 
with  the  germrcell  of  the  ovum  in  forming  the  embryo. 

The  ovum  consists  of  the  germ-cell,  intended  to  form  part  of 
the  embryo, — and  of  the  yolk,  which  nourishes  both,  until  the 
vessels  of  the  mother  take  upon  themselves  the  task  ;  or,  in  ovip- 
arous animals,  till  hatching  takes  place,  and  external  food  is 
to  be  obtained.  The  ovum  is  carried  down  by  the  contractile 
power  of  the  fallopian  tubes  from  the  ovary  to  the  uterus, 
and  hence  it  does  not  require  automatic  particles  like  tie 
semen. 

The  embryo,  or  young  animal,  is  the  result  of  the  contact 
of  the  semen  with  the  ovum,  immediately  after  which  the  sperrri.- 
cell  of  the  former  is  abporbed  into  the  germ-cell  of  the  latter. 
Upon  this  a  tendency  to  increase  or  "  grow  "  is  established,  and 
supported  at  first,  by  the  nutriment  contained  in  the  yolk  of 
the  ovum,  until  the  embryo  has  attached  itself  to  the  walls  of 


THE   EMBRTO. 


398 


5  TURF  AND 


ll 


inanage- 
what  are 


lals,  neces- 
iking  their 

the  testes, 
t  comes  in 
lins  sterile 

at  regular 
the  uterus, 
nulus  and 

?oa,  wliich 

place,  by 

ied  to  the 

co-operate 

m  part  of 
until  the 
I*,  in  ovip- 
il  food  is 
ontractile 
e  uterus, 
like  tie 

5  contact 
le  sperrri,- 
le  latter, 
hed,  and 
yolk  of 
walls  of 


the  uterus,  from  which  it  afterward  absorbs  its  nourishment  by 
the  intervention  of  the  placenta. 

As  the  male  and  female  each  furnish  their  quota  to  the  for- 
mation of  the  embryo,  it  is  reasonable  to  expect  that  each  shall 
be  represented  in  it,  which  is  found  to  be  the  case  in  nature  ; 
but  as  the  food  of  the  embryo  entirely  depends  upon  the  mo- 
ther, it  may  be  expected  that  the  health  of  the  oft'spring  and  its 
constitutional  powers  will  be  more  in  accordance  with  her  state 
than  with  that  of  the  father ;  yet  since  the  sire  furnishes  one- 
half  of  the  original  germ,  it  is  not  surprising  that  in  externals 
and  general  character  there  is  retained  a  facsimile,  to  a  certain 
extent,  of  him. 

Tlie  ovum  or  mammalia  differs  from  that  of  birds  chiefly  in 
the  greater  size  of  the  yolk  of  the  latter,  because  in  them  this 
body  is  intended  to  supi^ort  the  growth  of  the  embryo  from  the 
time  of  the  full  formation  of  the  egg  iintil  the  period  of  hatch- 
ing. On  the  other  hand,  in  mammalia  the  placenta  conveys 
nourishment  from  the  internal  surface  of  the  uterus  to  the  em- 
bryo during  the  whole  time  which  elapses  between  the  entrance 
of  the  ovum  into  the  uterus  and  its  birth.  This  period  embraces 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  interval  between  conception  and  birth, 
and  is  called  utero-gestation. 

In  all  the  mammalia  there  is  a  periodical  "  heat,"  marked 
by  certain  discharges  in  the  female,  and  sometimes  by  other 
remarkable  symptoms  in  the  male.  In  the  former  it  is  accom- 
panied in  all  healthy  subjects  by  the  descent  of  an  ovum  or  ova 
into  the  uterus ;  and  in  both  there  is  a  strong  desire  for  sexual 
intercourse,  which  never  takes  place  at  other  times  in  them. 

The  semen  retains  its  fructifying  power  for  some  days,  if  it 
be  contained  within  the  walls  of  the  uterus  or  vagina,  but  soon 
ceases  to  be  fruitful  if  kept  in  any  other  vessel.  Hence,  al- 
though the  latter  part  of  the  time  of  heat  is  the  best  for  the 
union  of  the  sexes,  because  then  the  ovum  is  ready  for  the  con- 
tact with  the  semen,  yet  if  the  semen  reaches  the  uterus  firat,  it 
will  still  cause  a  fruitful  impregnation,  because  it  remains  there 
uninjured  until  the  descent  of  the  ovum. 

The  influence  of  the  male  upon  the  embryo  is  partly  depen- 
dent upon  the  fact,  that  he  furnishes  a  portion  of  its  substance 
in  the  shape  of  the  sperm-cell,  but  also  in  great  measure  upon 


294 


THE    HORSE. 


the  effect  exerted  wpon  the  nervous  system  of  tlie  mother  by 
him.  Hence,  the  preponderance  of  one  or  other  of  the  parents 
will,  in  great  measure,  depend  upon  the  greater  or  less  strength 
of  nervous  system  in  each.  No  general  law  is  known  by  which 
this  can  be  measured,  nor  is  any  thing  known  of  the  laws  which 
regulate  the  temperament,  bodily  or  mental  power,  color  or  con- 
formation of  the  resulting  offspring. 

Acquired  qualities  are  transmitted,  M'hether  they  belong  to 
the  sire  or  dam,  and  also  both  bodily  and  mental.  As  bad 
qualities  are  quite  as  easily  transmitted  as  good  ones,  if  not 
more  so,  it  is  necessary  to  take  care  that  in  selecting  a  male  to 
improve  the  stock  he  be  free  from  bad  points,  as  well  as  fur- 
nished with  good  ones.  It  is  known  by  experience  that  the  good 
or  bad  points  of  the  progenitors  of  the  sire  or  dam  arc  almost 
as  likely  to  appear  again  in  the  offspring,  as  those  of  the  imme- 
diate parents  in  whom  they  are  dormant.  Hence,  in  breeding 
the  rule  is,  that  like  produces  like,  or  the  likeness  of  some 
ancestor. 

The  purer  or  less  mixed  the  breed,  the  more  likely  it  is  to 
be  transmitted  unaltered  to  the  offspring.  Hence,  whichever 
parent  is  of  the  purest  blood  will  be  generally  more  represented 
in  the  offspring ;  but  as  the  male  is  usually  more  carefully  se- 
lected, and  of  purer  blood  than  the  female,  it  generally  follows 
that  he  exerts  more  influence  than  she  does;  the  reverse  being 
the  case  when  she  is  of  more  unmixed  blood  than  the  sire. 

Breeding  "  in-and-in  "  is  injurious  to  mankind,  and  has  al- 
ways been  forbidden  by  the  Divine  law,  as  well  as  by  most  hu- 
man lawgivers.  On  the  other  hand^  it  prevails  extensively  in 
a  state  of  nature  with  all  gregarious  animals,  among  whom  the 
strongest  male  retains  his  daughters  and  granddaughters  until 
deprived  of  his  harem  by  younger  and  stronger  rivals.  Hence, 
in  those  of  our  domestic  animals  which  are  naturally  grega- 
rious, it  is  reasonable  to  conclude  that  breeeding  "  in-and-in " 
is  not  prejudicial,  because  it  is  in  conformity  with  their  natural 
instincts,  if  not  carried  farther  by  art,  than  nature  teaches  by 
her  example.  Now,  in  nature  we  find  about  two  consecutive 
crosses  of  the  same  blood  is  the  usual  extent  to  which  it  is  car- 
ried, as  the  life  of  the  animal  is  the  limit ;  and  it  is  a  remark- 
able fact  that  in  practice  a  conclusion  has  been  arrived  at,  which 


mmimmmiMm 


mm 


IN-ANI>-IN-BREEDINO. 


295 


■riother  by 
>e  ])arent8 
s  strenjrth 
by  wliich 
ws  wliich 
or  or  con- 


belong  to 
As  bad 
OS,  if  not 
.  male  to 
II  as  fiir- 

the  good 
e  almost 
le  imme- 
breeding 

of  some 


"i  it  is  to 
hichever 
)resented 

3fully  86- 

y  follows 
se  being 
ire. 

'■  has  al- 
most hu- 
sively  in 
horn  the 
Jrs  until 
Hence, 
'  grega- 
and-in  " 
natural  • 
3he8  by 
iecutive 
.  is  car- 
•emark- 
,  which 


exactly  coincides  with  these  natural  laws.*  "  Once  in  and  once 
out,"  is  the  rule  for  breeding  given  by  Mr.  Smith  in  his  work 
on  the  breeding  for  the  turf ;  but  twice  in  will  be  found  to  be 
more  in  accordance  with  the  practice  of  our  most  successful 
breeders. 

The  influence  of  the  first  impregnation  seems  to  extend  to 
tlifc  subsequent  ones  ;  this  has  been  proved  by  several  experi- 
ments, and  is  especially  marked  in  the  equine  genus.  In  the 
series  of  examples  preserved  in  the  Museum  of  the  College  of 
Surgeons,  the  markings  of  the  male  quagga,  when  united  with 
the  ordinary  mare,  are  continued  clearly  for  three  generations 
beyond  the  one  in  which  the  quagga  was  the  actual  sire  ;  and 
they  are  so  clear  as  to  leave  the  question  settled  without  a 
doubt.f 

When  some  of  the  elements,  of  which  an  individual  sire  is 
composed  are  in  accordance  with  others  making  up  those  of  the 
dam,  they  coalesce  in  such  a  kindred  way  aa  to  make  what  is 
called  "  a  hit."  On  the  other  hand,  when  they  are  too  incon- 
gruous, an  animal  is  the  result  wholly  unfitted  for  the  task  he  is 
intended  to  oerform. 

m-AND-IN-EREEDma. 

By  a  careful  examination  of  the  pedigrees  of  our  most  re- 
markable horses,  of  which  I  have  inserted  a  series  of  tables  in 
the  course  of  ray  first  volume,  it  will  be  seen  that  in  all  jases 
there  is  some  in-breeding ;  and  in  the  greater  part  of  the  most 
successful  a  very  considerable  infusion  of  it.$  It  is  difficult  to 
say  what  is  not  to  be  considered  as  such,  or  when  to  make  it 
commence,  for  in  all  cases  there  is  more  or  less  relationship  be- 
tween the  sire  and  dam  of  every  thoroughbred  horee  ;  at  least, 
I  cannot  find  a  single  exception — and  again,  for  instance,  exam- 
ining the  pedigree  of  Harkaway,  which  is  the  result  of  one  of 
the  most  direct  crosses  in  the  Stud-book,  we  find  that  his  sire 
and  dam  are  both  descended  from  Eclipse  and  Herod  through 
three  or  four  strains  on  each  side,  as  will  be  seen  on  referring 
to  the  right-hand  column.  The  same  will  apply  to  Alarm,  who 
also  is  the  result  of  as  direct  a  cross  as  is  often  seen ;  and,  in 
fact,  whatever  pedigree  is  analyzed,  the  result  will  be  that  the 
bulk  of  it  in  the  fifth  or  sixth  remove  is  made  up  of  Eclipse, 


♦  See  Note  1,  p.  358.  \  See  Note  2,  p.  853. 


X  See  Note  8,  p.  858. 


296 


THE  HORSE. 


Herod,  and  Matchem,  or  Regulus  blood.  It  is  not  that  a  horse 
goes  back  to  one  of  these  stallions  in  one  line  only,  bnt  through 
six  or  seven,  and  sometimes  through  nearly  all  his  progenitors. 
Hence,  it  may  fairly  he  assumed  that  all  the  horses  of  the  pres- 
ent da}'  arc  related,  either  closely  or  distantly ;  but  when  wo 
speak  of  in-and-in-breeding  we  mean  a  nearer  relationship  than 
this,  such  as  a  first  cousin,  or,  at  the  most,  one  in  the  second  or 
third  degree.  But  I  believe  it  will  be  found  that  even  this 
amount  of  relationship  is  desirable,  if  not  carried  too  far,  and 
that  a  vast  number  of  our  best  modern  horses  have  been  bred 
in  this  way. 

Examples  of  Success  from  this  Plan. — The  early  race- 
horses of  the  18th  century  were  notoriously  in-bred,  of  which 
Mr.  Smith,  in  his  book  on  breeding  for  the  turf,  gives  us  numer- 
ous convincing  examples.  Tlie  two  Childers,  Eclipse,  Ranthos, 
Whiskey,  Anvil,  Boudrow,  and,  in  fact,  almost  all  the  horses  of 
that  day,  were  much  iii-bred ;  sometimes,  as  in  the  case  of  the 
dam  of  Leedes,  to  an  incestuous  degree.  In  the  above-men- 
tioned treatise  the  breeder  is  advised  to  breed  once  in,  before 
breeding-out ;  and  it  appeare  to  mo  thpt  bfitter  advice  was  never 
offered,  except  that  I  think  it  is  only  carried  half  as  far  as 
it  ought  to  be.  But,  in  consequence  of  the  injurious  effects  of 
the  system  of  in-breeding  in  the  human  family,  a  prejudice  has 
been  raised  against  it ;  and  the  result  has  been,  that  in  trying 
the  opposite  plan  great  mischief  has  often  ensued.  I  have  al- 
ready shown  that  in  nature  in-breeding  prevails  very  generally 
among  gregarious  animals,  like  the  horse  and  dog,  and  I  will 
now  endeavor  to  illustrate  Mr.  Smith's  argument  by  modern 
examples.  It  may  be  remembered  that  he  instances  the  Herod 
and  Eclipse  blood  as  having  "  hit "  in  a  great  number  of  horses, 
such  as  Whiskey,  Waxy,  Coriander,  Precipitate,  Calom«l,  Over- 
ton, Gohanna,  and  Beninbrough,  which  were  out  of  Herod 
mares,  by  sons  of  Eclipse.  But  it  must  also  be  known  that 
Eclipse  and  Herod  are  both  descended  from  the  Darley  Ara- 
bian, the  one  on  the  sire's  side,  and  the  other  on  that  of  the 
dam  ;  and  that  from  this  circumstance  it  is  not  surprising  that 
a  "  hit "  should  follow,  if  in-breeding  be  advantageous.  There 
are  two  points  of  view  in  which  in-breeding  should  be  viewed ; 
first,  as  producing  successful  runners  ;  and  secondly,  good  stal- 


at  a  horse 
lit  through 
rogenitors. 
f  the  pres- 
when  we 
iship  thau 
second  or 
even  this 
0  far,  and 
)een  bred 

irly  race- 
of  wliich 
us  numer- 
Ranthos, 
horses  of 
se  of  the 
•ove-men- 
in,  before 
vas  never 
as  far  as 
iffects  of 
idice  has 
n  ti-ying 
have  al- 
jenerally 
id  I  will 
modern 
le  Herod 
)f  horses, 
(^1,  Over- 
r  Herod 
)wn  that 
ley  Ara- 
t  of  the 
ing  that 
.    There 
viewed ; 
)od  Btal- 


EXAMPLES   OF   IN-BREEDUJO. 


»9r 


lions  and  brood  mares ;  but,  though  it  seems  to  answer  in  both 
cases,  yet  it  is  in  the  latter  point  tliat  I  think  it  is  chiefly  to  be 
recommended. 

Among  the  horees  of  the  present  century  the  following  re- 
markable instances  will  illustrato  this  position,  to  which  great 
numbers  of  less  illustrious  names  may  be  added  ; — 

Example  1.— In  1827  Matilda  won  the  St.  Lcger  very  clev- 
erly, and  proved  herself  a  superior  mare  by  beating  a  large 
field  of  good  horses.  She  was  out  of  Juliana,  who  was  by 
Gohanna — son  of  Mercury  and  a  Herod  mare — out  of  Platina 
— by  Mercury,  out  of  another  daughter  of  Herod. — Matilda's 
dam,  therefore,  was  the  produce  of  brother  and  sister. 

Example  2,— Cotherstone— winnerof  the  Derby — and  Mow- 
erina— dam  of  West  Australian — are  the  produce  of  first 
cousins. 

Example   3. — ^Touchstone  and  Verbena,  sire   and  dam  of 
Ithuriel,  were  second  cousins,  taking  from  Selim  and  his  sister. 
Example  4. — Priam  is  an  example  of  success  by  in-breed- 
ing, after  a  series  of  failures  in  'crossing.     Cressida,  his  dam, 
was  put  to  "Walton,  Haphazard,  Orville,  Wildfire,  Woful,  Phan- 
tom, Scud,  Partisan,  Little  John,  and  Waterloo,  without  success. 
At  last,  being  served  by  her  cousin  Emilias — a  son  of  Orville, 
who  had  previously  failed,  not  being  related  to  her— she  pro- 
duced Priam.     This  horse  and  Plenipotentiary  were  both  sons 
of  Emilius,  the  latter  being  the  result  of  as  direct  a  cross  as  is 
often  seen ;  but  the  former  was  in-bred  to  ^  'hiskey,  who  was 
sire  of  his  dam,  Cressida,  and  also  great  grandsire  of  Emilius. 
Now  the  above-mentioned  two  h  ^rses  were  both  extraordinary 
runners  ;  but  whilst  Plenipotentiary  has  scarcely  had  an  aver- 
age success  as  a  stallion,  Priam,  considering  the  short  time  he 
remained  with  us,  has  achieved  an  imperishable  fame.    See 
genealogical  table  "  Priam." 

Example  5. — ^Bay  Middleton  was  the  produce  of  second 
cousins,  descended  from  Williamson's  Ditto  and  Walton,  own 
brothers,  whilst  Andover,  his  son,  is  the  second  time  in  with 
the  Whalebone  blood,  as  follows ;— Web,  the  great-granddam  of 
Bay  Middleton,  is  sister  to  bota  Whalebone  and  Whiskey,  the 
grandsire  and  greait-grandsire  of  Soldier's  Joy,  dam  of  Andover. 
He,  therefore,  is  also  the  son  of  cousins,  uniting  the  blood  of 


5J98 


THE   HORSE. 


m 


Selim,  on  his  si-'^'s  side,  with  that  of  Rubens,  brother  to  Selim, 
on  that  of  his  dam ;  and  thus  he  is  not  only  in-bred,  but  the 
produce  of  an  in-bred  sire  and  dam. 

Example  6. — Stockwell  and  Rataplan  are  just  us  remarkable, 
being  descended  in  the  same  degree  from  Whalebone,  Whis- 
ker, and  Web,  the  very  same  two  brothers  and  sister  as  in  An- 


dover's  case,  with   an  infusion  also  of  Selim  blood, 


through 


Glencoe,  sire  of  Pocahontas. 

Exajnple  7. — Orlando  has  a  still  stronger  infusion  of  Selim 
blood,  his  dam  being  a  granddaughter  of  that  liorse,  and  great- 
granddaughter  of  Castrcl — brother  to  Selim — whilst  Touchstone, 
his  sire,  is  a  great-grandson  of  the  last-named  horse.  Here, 
then,  in-breeding  has  been  carried  out  to  its  fullest  extent.  Vul- 
ture having  been  the  produce  of  first  cousins,  and  being  put 
to  a  second  cousin  derived  through  the  same  strain ;  and  the 
result  has  been,  as  is  well  known,  the  most  remarkable  stallion 
of  the  day. 

Example  8. — An  instance  of  the  comparative  value  of  two 
stallions,  one  more  in-bred  thftn  the  other,  may  be  seen  in  Van 
Tromp  and  Flying  Dutchman,  both  out  of  Barbelle.  Tliese  two 
horses  are  both  in-bred  to  Buzzard ;  but  Flying  Dutchman  is 
also  descended  from  Selim,  son  of  Buzzard  on  the  side  of  both 
dam  and  aire,  Selim  being  great-grandsire  of  Barbelle  and 
grandsire  of  Bay  Middleton.  Now,  it  will  not  be  questioned 
at  present,  that  Van  Tromp  is  comparatively  a  failure,  and  that 
the  Flying  Dutchman,  as  far  as  his  stock  liavo  been  tried,  is 
eminently  successful  as  a  stockgetter ;  and  such  might  have 
been  expected,  because  his  dam  unites  the  stout  blood  of  Catton 
and  Orville  with  that  of  Selim,  which  last  strain,  taking  with  it 
the  above  valuable  qualities,  hits  with  tlie  same  Selim  blood  in 
Bay  Middleton. 

Example  9. — Weathergage  is  another  instance  of  success  in 
this  mode  of  breeding,  his  sire  and  dam  both  taking  from  Mu- 
ley  and  Tramp,  and  Miss  Letty,  his  granddam,  being  by  Priam, 
grandson  of  Orville,  sire  of  Muley,  out  of  a  daughter  of  that 
horse — and  consequently  herself  much  in-bred.  Weatherbit, 
llie  sire  of  Weathergage,  also  reunites  the  blood  of  the  two  sis- 
ters, Eleanor  and  Cressida. 

Examj»le  10. — I  have  alueady  adduced  some  examples  of 


MKH 


MMMaM 


THE   EXAMPLK8  OF  IN-BREEDING. 


S99 


to  Selim, 

d,  but  the 

markable, 
ne,  Whis- 
as  in  An- 
,  tlirough 

I  of  Selim 
md  great- 
men  stone, 

e.  Here, 
tent,  Vul- 
being  put 
;  and  the 
e  stallion 

le  of  two 
n  in  Van 
riiese  two 
chman  is 
3  of  both 
)elle  and 
uestioned 

and  that 
I  tried,  is 
ght  have 
of  Catton 
\g  with  it 

blood  in 

access  in 
rom  Mu- 
j  Priam, 
r  of  that 
satherbit, 
two  sis- 

nples  of 


the  success  of  tli^  union  of  the  Whalebone  with  the  Selira 
bh'od,  and  I  may,  in  addition,  remark  on  the  case  of  Pyrrhus 
I.,  who  is  by  Epirus,  a  grandson  of  Selim,  out  of  Fortress,  a 
great-granddauglitcr  of  Rubens,  brother  to  Selim ;  and  also  in- 
bred to  Whalebone,  his  dam  being  by  Defence,  the  son,  out  of 
Jewess,  the  granddaughter  of  that  horse.. 

Example  11. — Safeguard  is  bred  almost  exactly  in  the  same 
way,  but  a  still  closer  degree  of  relationship  exists  between  his 
sire  and  dam,  he  being  by  Defence — son  of  Defiance,  by  Ru- 
bens— out  of  a  mare  by  Selim,  brother  to  Rubens,  which  sajuo 
mare  is  ako  descended  from  the  Wellesley  Grey  Arabian.  The 
strongest  case  of  success  from  close  in-breeding,  with  which  I 
am  acquainted,  is  in  a  son  of  the  above  horse,  the  steeplechaser 
Vainhope,  who  is  by  Safeguard,  a  grandson  of  Selim,  and  great- 
grandson  of  Rubens,  out  of  a  mare  by  Strephon,  who  was  also 
by  Rubens.  Now  his  stoutness  and  soundness  were  too  well 
known  to  need  further  comment;  and  his  case  alone  is  a  strong 
argument  in  favor  of  the  breeding-in,  a  second  time. 

Example  12. — Almost  as  strong  a  case  has  lately  appeared 
in  the  Knight  of  St.  George,  who  was  by  Birdcatcher,  son  of 
Sir  Hercules,  out  of  a  grand-daughter  of  that  horse,  and  with 
a  still  further  infusion  of  Waxy  blood  in  her  grand-dam. 
These  two  last  examples  are  the  strongest  modern  instances  of 
close  in-breeding  with  which  I  am  acquainted  ;  but  as  they  were 
neither  of  them  quite  first  class,  they  do  not  so  much  strengthen 
the  argument  as  uome  of  the  previously  instanced  horses.  Nev- 
ertheless, being  as  close  as  they  are,  they  show  that  the  practice 
is  not  attended  by  a  bad  result  in  these  particular  cases. 

Example  13. — ^The  Saddler,  who  is  remarkable  for  the  stout- 
ness, i-  not  for  the  speed  of  his  stock,  is  the  produce  of  second 
cousins,  being  descended  on  both  sides  of  his  pedigree  from 
Waxy. 

Example  14. — Chatham,  as  good  a  horse  as  ever  ran,  is  by 
the  Colonel,  son  of  Whisker,  out  of  Hester,  by  Camel,  son  of 
Whalebone,  brother  to  Whisker ;  and  he  is  therefore  the  pro- 
duce of  first  cousins.    Both  these  horses — examples  13  and  14 — 
unite  the  Waxy  and  Buzzard  blood. 

Example  15. — Sweetmeat  is  valuable  as  a  stallion,  not  only 
because  he  is  in-bred  to  Waxy,  but  because  he  also  possesses 


800 


THE  H0R8B. 


BO  much  of  the  celebrated  Prunella  blood,  he  being  descended 
from  that  mare  throngh  three  several  lines — viz.,  throiigli  Tara- 
Bol,  Moses,  and  Waxy  Pope. 

Example  16.— Grace  Darling— dam  of  the  Iloro,  by  Chester- 
field—was the  produce  of  second  cousins,  both  gire  and  dam 
being  descended  from  V7axy.  It  is,  therefore,  not  to  be  won- 
dered at  tliat  she  produced  so  stout  a  horse  as  the  Hero,  com- 
bining the  "Waxy,  Priam,  Octavian,  and  Rubens  blood.  His  sire 
and  dam  were  also  third  cousins  through  Cojlia  as  well. 

Example  17.— Wild  Dayrell,  speedy  as  he  is,  may  trace  his 
■wonderful  powers  to  a  rounicn  of  the  blood  of  Velocipede, 
which  exists  on  the  side  of  both  sire  and  dam,  and  also  to  his 
descent  from  Selim  and  Rubens,  own  brothei-s,  who  are  respec- 
tively his  paternal  and  maternal  great-grandsires. 

Example  18.— Cowl,  by  Bay  Middleton,  out  of  Crucifix,  is 
the  result  of  the  union  of  second  cousins,  the  sire  being  de- 
scended from  Julia,  and  the  dam  from  Cressida,  both  of  them 
sisters  to  the  celebrated  mare,  Eleanor,  the  winner  of  the  Derby 
and  Oaks.  There  is  also  another  cross  of  Whiskey  blood  from 
Emilius,  60  that  Cowl  is  in-bred  to  Whiskey  twice.  It  would 
be  a  curious  experiment  to  put  him  to  some  descendant  of  Mu- 
ley— such  as  Alice  Hawthorn  or  Virginia,  and  thus  unite  the 
three  sisters  in  one,  making  a  third  infusion  of  tint,  blood  with 
an  intervening  out-cross.  It  should  bo  bonie  in  mind  that  Young 
Giantess,  the  ancestress  of  all  these  mares,  and  also  of  Sorcerer, 
was  the  produce  of  second  cousins,  and  each  of  these  second 
cousins  was  also  the  produce  of  second  cousins,  both  of  their 
sires  and  dams  having  Godolphin  as  their  great-grandsire. 

Tlie  following  brood  mares  may  be  attentively  examined, 
and  their  produce  by  near  relations  compared  with  that  by 
horses  only  distantly  connected,  which  I  have  shown  all  horses 
are  in  the  present  day.  This  is  r  still  stronger  proof  of  the 
advantage  of  in-breeding,  than  the  success  of  solitary  horses  as 
runners. 

Example  1. — One  of  the  most  successful  brood  mares  of 
late  years  was  Decoy,  who  bred  a  long  list  of  race-horses  to 
Touchstone  and  Pantaloon ;  now  the  former  of  these  horses  was 
much  more  successful  generally  in  getting  racing  stock,  than  the 
latter,  and  yet  in  this  instance  was  beaten  by  him,  as  proved  by 


THEORY    OF    IN-nKEKI)INO. 


301 


descended 
oiigh  Tara- 

yy  Cliester- 
aiid  daai 
to  be  won- 

lero,  com- 

.    His  sire 

11. 

y  trace  liia 
/"elocipede, 

also  to  his 
ire  respec- 

Crucifix,  is 
being  de- 
li of  them 
the  Derby 
jlood  from 
It  would 
|int  of  Mu- 
i  unite  the 
)lood  with 
hat  Young 
f  Sorcerer, 
ese  second 
h  of  their 
Isire. 

examined, 
h  that  by 
all  horses 
oof  of  the 
horses  as 

raaros  of 
i-hoi-ses  to 
lorses  was 
Cjthan  the 
proved  by 


comparing  Drone,  Sleight-of-hand,  Van  Amburg,  and  Legerde- 
main, with  I'hryne,  Thais,  FalHtaff,  and  Flatcatclier.  Now, 
why  was  this?  Simply  because  Touchstone  was  a  more  distant 
relation,  and  only  one  line  in  each  was  similar— luunoly,  the 
groat-grandsire,  Waxy  ;  but  in  the  case  of  I'antalotm  and  De- 
coy, tliere  was  a  cousinship  in  the  second  degree,  each  liaviiig 
Peruvian  as  a  grandfather;  and  not  only  that,  but  Decoy  herself 
was  in-bred  to  Sir  Peter,  who  was  grandsire  to  both  her  dam 
and  sire,  so  that  Sleight-of-hand  and  his  brother  and  sister  wore 
twice  in-bred  to  him.  Now,  as  the  Pantalof)n  and  Decoy  blood 
hit,  and  their  produce  not  only  were  fast  but  stout,  there  was 
good  reason  for  returning  to  I'ataloon  after  the  out-cross  with 
Touchstone,  which  produced  Phryne  ;  this  mare,  when  ])ut  to 
him,  was  successively  the  dam  of  Elthiron,  Windliound,  Miser- 
riuui,  llobbie  Noble,  the  Reiver,  and  Rainbling  Katie ;  thus  still 
farther  proving  the  value  of  in-breeding,  more  especially  with 
an  intervening  out-cross,  as  in  this  case. 

Example  2. — Cyprian,  again,  is  an  example  of  the  produc- 
tion of  a  lot  of  second-class  horses,  by  crossing  her  with  various 
sires  not  related  in  blood — as,  for  instance,  Jereed,  Velocipede, 
Voltaire,  and  Hetman  Platoff ;  but  when  put  to  Birdcatcher,  a 
great-great-grandson  of  Prunella,  being  herself  a  grand-daughter 
of  the  same  celebrated  mare,  she  threw  a  superior  animal,  in 
the  shape  of  Songstress. 

Example  3. — Virginia  bred  a  series  of  middling  horses,  by 
Voltaire,  Iletman  Platoff,  Emilius,  and  Birdcatdher,  in  all  of 
which  there  was  a  single  point,  in  which  she  was  related,  but  in 
all  very  distantly,  neither  was  the  strain,  except  that  of  Orville, 
first-rate ;  but  when  put  to  Pyrrhus  I.  she  produced  a  Virago, 
who,  as  long  as  she  remained  sound,  was  very  far  the  best  of 
her  year.  On  examining  and  comparing  the  pedigrees  of  the 
sire  and  dam,  it  will  be  seen  that  Selim  and  Rubens — brothers 
— occur  on  each  side  once,  and  Whalebone,  whose  name  is  seen 
twice  in  the  table  of  Pyrrhus  I.,  is  represented  in  that  of  Vir- 
ginia, by  Woful,  his  brother,  beside  which  Young  Giantess 
occurs  in  each  table.  These  are  over  and  above  the  Hamble- 
tonian  relationship,  which  is  the  same  in  this  case  as  is  that  of 
the  result  of  the  cross  with  Voltaire  and  Hetman  Platoff. 

Example  4. — In  the  last  year,  after  a  series  of  failures,  Alice 


i 


801 


THE   IIORSB. 


Hawthorn  lias  given  to  the  turf  a  race-liorfio  in  the  sliape  of 
OiilHtoii  ;  now  if  the  podigrecs  of  Iuh  sire  and  dam  are  examined, 
it  will  be  Keen  that  JMelbourne,  the  Hire,  is  a  grandnon  of  Cor- 
vanteB,  whilHt  Alice  Hawthorn  is  also  a  great-graiidilaughter  of 
the  same  horse— Cervante«  being  a  grandson  of  Kelijwc  and 
Herod,  from  which  latter  liorse  he  also  receives  two  other  iniu- 
sions,  and  Alice  being  descended  from  Eclipse,  through  Orvillo, 
Dick  Andrews,  Mandane,  and  Tramj).  A  very  similar  case  of 
in-breeding  with  tiie  same  strains  occurred  in  Sir  Tatton  Sykes, 
who  was  the  i)roduce  of  a  mare,  great-granddaugiiter  of  Comus, 
and  also  great-great-granddaughter  of  Cervantes.  She  was  put 
to  Melbourne,  a  grandson  of  both  these  horses,  producing  tluit 
extraordinary  horse  wiiich  I  am  now  adducing  as  an  instance  of 
success  in  tjiis  mode  of  breeding.  The  pedigree  of  the  dam  of 
Sir  Tatton  Sykes  should  be  carefully  analyzed,  as  exhibiting  a 
curidus  reunion  of  strains.  First,  Muley  is  in-bred  to  Wluskey, 
he  is  then  crossed  with  an  Election  mare,  producing  Margrave ; 
the  dani  of  Muley  being  Eleanor,  a  daughter  of  Youp";  Giantess. 
Next,  Margrave,  an  out-cross,  is  put  to  Patty  Primrose,  con- 
taining in  her  pedigree  two  infusions  of  Young  Giantess  through 
Sorcerer,  and  one  of  Cervantes;  and,  finally,  the  Margrave 
mare,  the  result  of  one  in-breeding  and  one  out-cross  on  the 
side  of  both  her  sire  and  dam,  is  put  to  Melbourne,  composed 
of  the  blood  of  all  three ;  being  descended  from  Sorcerer,  a  son 
of  "'oung  Giantess,  and  also  from  Cervantes. 

If  the  whole  of  the  pedigrees  to  which  I  have  here  alluded 
aro  attentively  examined,  the  breeder  can  have  no  hesitation 
in  coming  to  the  conclusion  that  in-breeding  carried  out  once, 
or  twice,  is  not  only  not  a  bad  practice,  but  is  likely  to  be  at- 
tended with  good  results.  Let  him  ask  what  horses  have  been 
the  most  remarkable  of  late  years  as  stallions,  and  with  very- 
few  exceptions  he  will  lind  they  were  considerably  in-bred.  It 
has  been  remarked,  that  the  Touchstone  and  Defence  blood  al- 
most always  hits  with  the  Selim ;  but  it  is  forgotten  that  the 
one  was  already  crossed  with  that  horse,  and  the  other  with  his 
brother  Rubens.  On  the  other  hand,  the  Whisker  blood  in  the 
Colonel  has  not  succeeded  so  well,  it  being  made  up  of  much 
crossed  and  more  distantly  related  particles,  and  therefore  not 
hitting  with  the  Selim  and  Castrel  blood  like  his  cousins,  Touch- 


iiaimmm^Dign 


HWH 


OUT-OK088INO. 


303 


ho  sliupe  of 
cexiiiniiicd, 
Hon  of  Cor- 
luuj^htcr  of 
K(rlij)80  mul 

othor  iniu- 
igli  Orvillo, 
liir  (riirto  of 
,tton  Sykcs, 
p  of  Comus, 
Iho  was  put 
lucing  that 
instance  of 
the  dam  of 
xhibiting  a 
J  Whiskey, 
Margrave ; 
'".';  Giantess, 
in  rose,  con- 
ess  through 

Margrave 
OSS  on  the 
,  composed 
jerer,  a  sou 

sre  alluded 
hesitation 
out  once, 
y^  to  be  at- 
have  been 
with  very 
n-bred.  It 
e  blood  al- 
n  that  the 
er  with  his 
lood  in  the 
p  of  much 
jrefore  not 
ins,  Touch- 


stone and  Defence.  It  has,  however,  j)nrtially  sucoodod  when 
in-hrod  to  the  Waxy  and  Huzzard  blood,  as  in  Chatham  and 
Fjigleman,  who  both  reunite  these  three  strains.  Tlie  Hame  ap- 
plies to  Coronation,  who  unites  the  W]ialebon<*  blood  in  Sir 
Hercules  with  that  of  Kubcj's  in  Iluby  ;  but  as  Waxy  and  Buz- 
zard, the  respective  ancestors  of  all  these  horses,  were  both 
grandsons  of  Herod,  and  great-grandsons  of  Snap,  it  only 
Btreiigthons  the  argument  in  favor  of  in-breeding.  This  con- 
clusion is  in  accordance  with  the  14th  and  15tij  axioms  whieii 
end)ody  the  state  of  our  present  knowledge  of  the  theory  oi' 
generation ;  and  if  they  are  examined,  they  will  be  seen  to 
bear  upon  the  present  subject,  so  as  to  lead  one  to  advise  the 
carrying  out  of  the  practice  of  in-and-in-breeding  to  the  same 
extent  as  has  been  found  so  successful  in  the  instances  which  I 
have  given.  Purity  of  blood  is  intimately  connected  with  the 
practice,  because  the  nearer  it  is  to  one  standard  the  more  un- 
mixed it  is,  and  by  consequence  the  more  fully  it  is  represented 
in  the  produce.  Hence,  it  is  doubly  needful  to  take  care  that 
this  pure  blood  is  of  a  good  kind  ;  because,  if  bad,  it  will  per- 
petuate its  bad  qualities  just  ds  closely  as  it  would  the  good,  or 
perhaps  still  more  so. 

OUT-OKOSSmO. 

By  crossing  the  blood,  we  undei-stand  the  selection  of  a  sire 
composed  of  wholly  different  blood  from  that  of  the  dam,  or  as 
different  as  can  bo  obtained  of  such  quality  as  i§  suitable  to  the 
particular  purpose  in  view.  Thus,  in  breeding  race-horses  it  is 
found  that  continuing  in  the  same  strain  beyond  two  stages  de- 
rateriorates  the  constitutional  health,  diminishes  the  bone,  and 
lowers  the  height ;  hence,  it  is  important  to  avoid  this  evil,  and 
another  strain  must  be  selected  which  shall  lead  to  the  same  re- 
sults as  were  previously  in  existence,  without  the  above  deterio- 
ration ;  and  this  is  called  out-croesing,  or  more  commonly,  cross- 
ing. The  great  difficulty  is  to  obtain  this  object  without  de- 
stroying that  harmony  of  proportions,  and  due  subordination  of 
one  part  to  another  which  is  necessary  for  the  race-horse,  and 
without  which  he  seldom  attains  high  speed.  Almost  every  in- 
dividual breed  has  peculiar  characteristics,  and  so  long  as  the 
sire  and  dam  are  both  in  possession  of  them  they  will  continue 


^W-'v- 


--  -  ,~BSt~ 


S04 


TIIIC    IIOKHK. 


to  reappear  in  the  produce  ;  hut  if  u  dam  poHHosHirif?  thoin  in  put 
to  a  lionje  of  a  different  cliaractcr,  tlie  rtwuit  iH  ofteti  tluit  tiu)  pro- 
duce is  not  a  inediuMi  l)etw«'en  tlie  two,  but  in  in  itn  anterior  parts 
lik(!  it«  (lam,  and  in  itH  poHterior  rcHenildinjj;  ila  hire,  or  w/Vr  w/'m, 
tiiiin  vviiicli  no  more  niifortunato  reniilt  can  occur.  Thus,  wo 
will  HuppoHc  that  a  very  strong  muHcuhir  liorHO  is  put  to  a  very 
li^lil  racing  mare;  iuHtead  of  tlie  produce  beinj;  moderately 
Htoiit  all  over,  lie  will  often  h('  very  Htout  and  Htron/^  heliind, 
and  very  lij^lit  and  weak  before,  and  an  a  c(»nHeqnence  his  hind- 
quarter  will  tire  his  fore  limbs,  by  j^iving  thoni  more  to  do  than 
they  have  the  power  of  accom]iliKliin;^.  This  in  well  seen  in 
(yrucifix,  wlio  was  a  very  wiry  and  faHt,  but  light  mare,  with  a 
fore-quarter  hardly  capable  of  doing  the  work  of  her  own  hind- 
quarter.  Now,  she  luiH  bci'ii  several  times  j)ut  to  Touchhtone — 
a  horse  remarkable  for  getting  bad-shouhhtred  Btock,  but  with 
strong  muHcular  propellers — and,  with  the  solitary  exception  of 
Snrplice,  these  have  been  a  scries  of  failures.  Sm-plice  was 
also  defective  in  the  same  way,  but  still  ho  nninaged  to  got 
along  in  an  awkward  style,  but  somehow  or  other  at  a  great 
pace.  Cowl,  on  the  other  hand,  was  a  better  galloper,  because 
there  was  a  greater  harmony  of  ])art8 ;  but  he  was  somewhat 
deficient  in  the  stout  qualities  which  Touchstone  was  intended 
to  supply ;  yet  he  will  prove,  T  fancy,  a  better  stallion  than 
Surplice,  because  he  is  more  truly  made,  and  by  consequence 
aiore  likely  to  perpetuate  his  own  likeness. 

FxAMPLKS  o^  Out-Crossing. — Ilarkaway  has  b'^n  alluded 
to  before  as  a  strong  case  of  out-crossing,  his  sire  arl  dam  not 
being  closely  related,  though  still  going  back  to  Herod  or 
Eclipse  in  almost  all  his  lines.  Ho  would,  however,  be  consid- 
ered a  decided  cr^o  of  crossing,  and  he  was  no  doubt  a  vary  su- 
perior race-horso.  As  yet,  however,  he  has  not  done  much  as  a 
sire,  his  stock  generally  being  deficient  in  that  essential  quaiiLy, 
speed,  though  stout  enough  to  make  good  huntei-s  and  steeple- 
chasers. Perhaps  his  best  son  was  Idle  Boy,  in  which  the 
Waxy  blood  in  the  sire  hit  with  the  same  strain  in  lolo,  the 
dam,  who  was  a  daughter  of  Sir  Hercules. 

Example  2. — One  of  the  most  remarkable  cases  of  success  in 
crossing,  when  carried  out  to  a  great  extent,  is  seen  in  Beeswing 
and  her  sons  Newminster,  Nunnykirk,  and  Old  Port.    In  the 


-^mm 


wmmn 


KXAiiri.Ks  or  ocT-CBosamo. 


805 


fill  IH  put 
tit  tll(>  |i|'()< 

•riiir  piirtH 
rli'f  vrr/ift, 

'I'llllH,   W«) 

to  a  vory 
iiiilt'ratcly 
K  licliiiul, 
li.i  liiiid- 
to  do  than 
II  Hi'i'ii  ill 
lie,  witli  a 
own  liiiid- 

IcIlMtOIlO — 

,  Imt  with 
('f|iti()ii  of 
•jtlicH!  was 
(id  to  got 
it  a  groat 
r,  hucaiiHo 
somewhat 
I  intended 
lion  than 
nscquence 

n  alluded 
1  dam  not 
Herod  or 
be  consid- 
a  very  su- 
nuch  as  a 
111  qnaiiiy, 
J  steeple- 
rvhich  the 
I  lolo,  the 

success  in 
Beeswing 
:.     In  the 


Tnnro  hiM-KcIf  the  liiicM  are  all  diittiiict,  and  in  her  croHH  with 
ToucliHtone  fliey  are  ho  likowine  for  tliroo  removi'M.  At  that  dis- 
tance there  iH  a  gn>at-grandHire  of  TouidiHtonc,  Aloxander,  who 
18  lirctthor  to  Xantippc,  grciit  great-gnuidmotlii'r  of  Hi'CHwing; 
BO  that  kIio  and  Touclintoiio  w»ru  third  coiiKinH,  WIu'thiT  or  not 
tluH  coiiHaiiguiriity,  Hiight  iw  it  wan,  H\ifKccd  to  produce  tluH 
happy  result  in  Newminster  and  Wunnykirk,  mr.Ht  be  left  an 
open  question  ;  but  there  can  lu;  no  doubt  that  ToueliHtone  suc- 
ceede<l  with  her,  whilht  a  failure  reHiilted  from  Sir  Uercides, 
who  was  still  more  diHtantly  related,  the  nearest  connection  with 
liini  being  a  fourth  coUHinshi]),  through  Volunteer  aiul  Mercury, 
own  brothers.  Queen  of  Trumps  has  often  been  adduced  as  n 
case  of  successful  ou*  crossing,  b\it  though  her  great  graiulsires 
and  great  granddains  were  certainly  none  of  them  identical,  yet 
beyond  that  lino  there  is  an  extraordinary  influx  of  Herod  blood, 
through  Highflyer,  Woodpecker,  Lavender,  Tlorizcl,  and  Ca- 
lash, all  his  sons  or  daughters.  Now,  no  one  can  maintain  that 
it  is  not  very  remarkable,  when  we  find  such  a  <las'i  of  l)lood 
from  one  superior  horse  in  such  an  extraordinary  animal  ns 
Queen  of  Trumps ;  neither  can  it  bo  said  that  she  is  composed 
of  materials  not  related  to  each  other ;  but  at  the  same  time 
she  is  fairly  to  bo  considered  under  the  ordinary  acceptation  of 
the  term  as  a  mare  bred  from  a  distinct  cross.  Hei-s  is,  how- 
over,  a  very  instructive  example,  as  showing  that  success  ia 
sometimes  achieved  by  reuniting,  after  an  interval  of  several 
generations,  ^  series  of  good  strains ;  whether  or  not  her  good- 
ness is  dependent  upon  this  reunion,  or  whether  it  results  from 
the  crossing,  is  only  to  be  decided  by  comparing  a  number  of 
cases  together,  and  considering  on  which  side  lies  the  balance 
of  evidence. 

Example  3. — West  Australian  is  an  exceedingly  valuable 
example  of  the  benefit  of  a  ffood  out-cross  after  in-breeding, 
and  between  his  sire  and  dam  there  was  lees  relationship  even 
than  usual. 

Example  4. — ^Teddington,  on  the  contrary,  so  often  adduced 
for  a  similar  purpose,  presents  one  lino  of  relationship  which 
interferes  with  the  assumption.  I  have  adduced  his  sire,  Or- 
lando, as  an  instance  of  successful  in-breeding  twice  through 
Selim  and  Castrel,  and  certainly  that  strain  ii  not  perpetuated 
Vol.  U.—'M 


30G 


THE   IIOBSE. 


t: 


in  Teddington's  dam ;  but  a  little  more  distantly  there  occurs 
in  each  portion  of  the  table  the  name  of  Prunella  and  her  sister, 
Peppermint,  but  only  so  far  as  to  make  them  iifth  cousins.  Still 
it  cannot  be  compared  to  the  case  of  West  Australian,  where 
the  cross  is  much  more  decided.  In  both,  however,  the  sire  or 
dam  was  much  in-bred,  and  this  must  be  taken  into  the  account 
in  all  cases. 

Example  5. — One  of  the  most  thoroughly-crossed  pedigrees 
of  the  day  is  that  of  Kingston,  and  being  such  a  good  horse  as 
he  was,  his  case  must  be  allowed  to  weigh  in  favor  of  this 
kind  of  breeding ;  but,  as  I  before  observed,  it  is  not  so  much 
in  reference  to  running  as  to  breeding  that  this  plan  is  to  be 
considered,  and  as  yet  he  has  not  been  able,  for  want  of  time, 
to  show  his  powers.  Where  an  out-cross  is  wanted  for  such 
blood  as  that  of  Touchstone,  which  has  already  been  used  twice 
in  a  ])edigree,  I  conceive  nothing  better  than  this  game  horse, 
who  would  then,  according  to  this  theory,  produce  the  good  ef- 
fect required  by  a  crots,  w^ithout  interfering  with  the  form  of 
the  Touchstone  mare.  On  the  other  hand,  where  a  second  in- 
bi-eeding  to  Venison  or  Partisan  mares  is  required  by  those  who 
are  fond  of  that  peculiar  blood,  he  is  well  calculated  to  carry 
out  that  view,  because  the  other  lines  are  all  good. 

Example  6. — Voltigeur,  again,  is  another  instance  of  success 
from  a  decided  cross. 

Example  7. — Queen  of  Trumps  may  be  adduced  as  a  won- 
derful animal,  resulting  from  a  much-crossed  pedigree. 

Example  8, — Cossack  would,  likewise,  generally  bo  consid- 
ered a  cross,  though  even  in  his  case  the  relationship  was  that 
of  a  fourth  cousin ;  but  there  is  no  doubt  that  numerous  cases 
of  successful  runners  may  be  adduced  where  there  was  no  rela- 
tionship between  sire  and  dam  nearer  than  a  fifth  or  sixth 
cousinship. 


COMPARISON  OF  IN-BKED  AND  CROSSED  STALLIONS. 

The  following  list  of  thirty  of  the  most  immediately  suc- 
cessful stallions  of  late  years  shows  the  proportion  of  in-bred  to 
crossed  horses  of  this  class  to  be  equal.  I  have  omitted  such 
as  only  became  celebrated  through  their  daughters  as  brood- 
mares, for  instance,  Defence,  &c. 


there  occurs 
id  her  sister, 
ousins.  Still 
alian,  where 
,  the  sire  ur 
'  the  account 


id  pedigrees 
)od  horse  as 
avor  of  this 
lot  so  much 
Ian  is  to  he 
ant  of  time, 
ted  for  such 
a  used  twice 
2;ame  horse, 
the  good  ef- 
the  form  of 
I  second  in- 
ly  those  who 
ed  to  carry 

30  of  success 

d  as  a  won- 

ee. 

J  be  consid- 

lip  was  that 

lerous  cases 

was  no  rela- 

'th   or  sixth 


NS. 

idiately  suc- 
if  in-bred  to 
mitted  such 
•8  as  brood- 


CXJMPANISON  OP  8TALLI0N8. 


837 


IN-BEED   STALLIONS. 


1.  Priam, 

2.  Bay  Middleton, 
8.  Melbourne, 

4.  Cotheratone, 

6.  Pyrrhiis  I. 

6.  The  Baron, 

7.  Orlando, 
s.  Ithurlel, 


1.  Partisan, 

2.  Emilius, 

3.  Touchstone, 

4.  Birdcatchcr, 

5.  Sir  Hercules, 

6.  Voltaire, 

7.  Plenipotentiary, 

8.  Pantaloon,. 


9.  Cowl, 

10.  The  Saddler, 

11.  Sweetmeat, 

12.  Chatham, 

13.  Flying  Dutchman, 

14.  Sir  Tatton  Sylies, 

15.  Chanticleer. 


CKOSSED   STALLIONS. 


9.  Lanercost, 

10.  Venisoh, 

11.  Alarm, 

12.  Ion, 

13.  Ilarkaway, 

14.  Velocipede, 

15.  Hetman  Platoff. 


THE  BEST  MODE  OF  BREEDING  THE  HORSE  FOR  ALL  RACING 

PURPOSES. 

CHOICE  OF  BLOOD  TO  BREED  FROM. 

Tlie  uncertainty  of  the  results  from  the  best  concerted  plans 
in  breeding  for  the  turf  is  proverbial  among  those  who  are  en- 
gaged in  the  undertaking.  Nevertheless,  it  is  clear  that  laws 
must  exist,  which  regulate  this  as  well  as  every  other  operation 
of  nature ;  and,  though  it  may  at  present  be  difficult  to  lay 
them  down  with  certainty,  yet  an  attempt  should  be  made,  in 
order  that  a  foundation  may  be  laid  for  a  future  superstructure 
of  sound  materials.  There  are  some  difficulties  which  stare  U3 
in  the  face,  but  which,  nevertheless,  are  much  more  easily  ex- 
plained than  at  first  sight  would  appear.  Thus,  for  instance,  it 
is  said  that  when  a  mare  breeds  a  good  colt,  and  is  again  put 
to  the  same  horse,  the  second  is  often  as  worthies?  as  the  first  is 
superior ;  and  that,  consequently,  two  and  two  in-breeding  do 
not  always  make  four.  Now,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  this  is 
true  ;  but  it  is  necessary  to  remember  that  health  is  an  element 


m 

m 


308 


THE  HORSE. 


•which  makes  or  mars  every  horse ;  and  that  if  the  second  is  not 
possessed  of  the  same  high  degree  of  animal  vigor,  the  result 
of  high  liealth,  it  is  not  wonderful  when  he  falls  short  in  per- 
formances which  are  the  test  of  his  goodness.  But,  taking  the 
other  side  of  the  question,  it  is  extraordinary  that  in  some  cases 
there  have  been  a  series  of  successes  resulting  from  the  unitm 
of  the  same  two  parents — as  in  the  Whalebone  and  Whisker 
example,  where  there  were  six  most  extraordinary  horses  and 
mares  resulting  from  the  union  of  Waxy  with  Penelope ;  and, 
on  the  other  hand,  as  remarkable  a  series  of  failures  when  she 
was  put  t'.i  even  such  good  hoi-ses  as  Walton,  Rubens,  and  Elec- 
tion. Castrel,  Selim,  and  liubens,  again,  are  out  of  the  same 
mare,  and  all  by  Buzzard,  yet  she  was  put  lo  Calomel,  Quiz, 
Sorcerer,  and  Election,  without  a  single  successful  result. 
Again,  there  are  cases  where  a  horse  begets  racing  stock  out  of 
all  sorts  of  marcs,  and  thus  we  find  in  more  recent  days  Touch- 
stone, a  grandson  of  Whalebone,  carrying  on  his  grandfather's 
fame  still  farther,  if  possible,  and  begetting  a  most  extraordi- 
nary series  of  winners ;  but,  be  it  remembered,  with  an  infusion 
also  of  one  of  the  three  above-mentioned  brothers,  Selim,  who 
was  his  maternal  great-grandfather.  B?irbelle,  dam  of  Van 
Tromp  and  Flying  Dutchman,  is  another  similar  case  ;  as  is  also 
Fortress,  the  dam  of  Old  England,  and  Pyrrhus  I.  Another 
remarkable  example  may  be  traced  in  the  three  sisters  by  Whis- 
ker, out  of  Young  Giantess — viz.,  Cressida,  Eleanor,  and  Julia, 
which  produced  Priam,  Muley,  and  Phantom  by  three  different 
sires.  The  list  of  similar  examples  might  be  extended  to  a 
great  length,  though  not  always  perhaps  occupied  with  such  il- 
lustrious names  as  the  above  ;  but  still  sufficiently  so  to  indicate 
that  winning  blood  runs  in  families,  and  by  consequence,  that 
it  is  not  all  the  result  of  chance.  Sometimes  this  is  the  case 
with  the  brood-mare,  as  in  the  above  instances,  and  sometimes 
with  the  stallion,  as  in  the  case  of  those  which  become  the  ce- 
lebrities of  their  day.  Moreover,  it  has  been  found  that  certain 
unions  or  crosses  almost  alwavs  succeed,  while  others  as  invari- 
ably  fail ;  and  as  there  must  be  a  reason  for  this,  it  is  desirable 
to  investigate  the  matter,  and  endeavor  to  ascertain  the  facts 
connected  with  these  successes  and  failures.  For  instance ;  it 
has  been  found  that  the  union  of  the  Touchstone  blood  with 


GENERAL   BKEEDINO. 


309 


!Cond  is  not 
the  result 
|ort  in  per- 
taking  the 
some  cases 
the  union 
|d  Wliisker 
lorses  and 
'lope;  and, 
when  she 
and  Elec- 
■  the  same 
mel,  Quiz, 
ful    result, 
ock  out  of 
lys  Touch- 
indfather's 
extraordi- 
m  infusion 
Selim,  wlio 
1   of  Van 
;  as  is  also 
Anotiier 
)  by  "Whis- 
ind  Julia, 
B  different 
tided  to  a 
th  such  il- 
0  indicate 
ence,  that 
the  case 
ometimes 
e  the  ce- 
at  certain 
as  invari- 
desirable 
the  facts 
tance;  it 
ood  with 


that  of  Selim  or  Pantaloon  has  uniformly  succeeded — or  "  hit,' 
OS  it  is  termed — and  the  example  is  so  remarkable,  that  it  leads 
one  to  investigate  the  pedigrees  of  all  three,  when  it  turns  out 
that  the  first-named  is  composed  of  one-eighth  Selim  already  ; 
and  that  in  putting  him  to  a  descendant  of  that  horse,  or  liis 
brother  Castrel,  the  sire  of  Pantaloon,  it  is  only  reuniting  the 
previously  separated  particles  derived  from  them.  This  is  a 
fact  which  will  serve  to  form  the  basis  of  an  argument,  and  if 
supported  by  similar  facts,  it  would  show  that  in-and-in-breed- 
ing to  some  extent  is  not  prejudicial ;  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
that  it  is  in  all  i)robability  absolutely  advantageous.  At  the 
same  time  it  cannot  be  disputed  that  the  Waxy  and  Buzzard 
blood  has  almost  always  hit  in  its  first  union,  as  shown  in  para- 
graph 257,  and  elsewhere  ;  and  having  succeeded  once  it  always 
seems  to  hit  again  still  more  successfully ;  and  the  only  question 
is  how  far  the  in-breeding  might  be  carried  M-ithout  deteriora- 
tion. Again,  reverting  to  the  descendants  of  Whiskey,  who 
was  a  grandson  of  Eclipse,  we  find  them  hitting  once  with  the 
Orville  blood  in  producing  Emilius  and  Muley ;  and  again,  a 
second  time,  with  Priam  as  a  result,  lie  being  also  out  of  a 
daughter  of  ^\'hiskey.  Liverpool,  sire  of  Lanercost,  was  also  a 
grandson  of  Whiskey  on  his  dam's  side,  his  sire.  Tramp,  taking 
a  direct  des(  nt  from  Eclipse  in  the  same  number  of  removes 
as  Whiskey.  But  it  is  only  by  further  investigation,  and  ascer- 
taining how  far  these  facts  occur  in  a  similar  way  tliroughout  a 
series  of  cases,  that  any  conclusion  can  be  fonned  ;  and  such  a 
series  has  been  given  under  the  section  devoted  to  an  examina- 
tion of  the  propriety  of  in-breeding.  By  universal  consent, 
however,  it  is  now  admitted,  and  common  sense  would  always 
lead  one  to  believe,  that  where  a  series  of  winners  have  ap- 
peared of  any  particular  strain,  it  is  likely  that  othei-s  will  fol- 
low ;  and  hence  it  has  been  the  rule  to  select  horses  of  families 
which  have  been  successful  on  the  turf,  in  the  particular  line 
which  it  is  still  further  to  succeed  in.  Thus,  if  a  fleet  racer  is 
intended  to  be  bred,  the  breeder  would  select  blood  which  has 
produced  winners  of  the  Derby,  Oaks,  or  St.  Leger,  or,  if  possi- 
ble, all  three.  If  a  steeplechaser  is  the  object  of  ambition, 
then  the  breeder  would,  as  a  matter  of  course,  look  for  the  sires 
and  dams  of  such  animals  as  Lottery,  Gaylad,  Brunette,  &c., 


■.■•^Pi 


310 


THE   HORSE. 


nnd  choose  from  tliein,  or  their  immediate  relations,  mares  and 
stallions  for  his  purpose.  Again,  in  breeding  hunters,  it  would 
follow  that  such  stallions  should  be  selected  as  have  produced 
good  stock  of  that  particular  class,  in  which  stoutness,  clever- 
ness, good  temper,  and  sound  constitution,  are  indispensable  re- 
quisites, when  united  also  with  the  power  of  carrying  weiglir. 
Trotters,  again,  must  be  chosen  for  getting  trotters ;  and  no  one 
would  expect  to  rear  a  horse  capable  of  doing  liis  fourteen  miles 
per  hour  at  this  pace,  from  a  sire  and  dam  which  could  not  trot 
above  eight  and  that  with  a  straight  knee.*  I  have  myself 
owned  a  mare  by  Monarch,  out  of  Gadabout,  which  was  as  fine 
a  trotter  as  ever  was  seen,  going  fast  and  in  the  most  perfect 
trotting  style,  and  I  have  seen  some  few  others,  almost  as  good, 
of  full  blood ;  but  they  are  exceptions  to  the  rule ;  and  there  is 
no  case  that  I  know  of  in  which  a  thoroughbred  horse  could 
compete  with  the  regular  match-trotter.  In  all  cases,  thereibre, 
the  breeder  must  make  up  his  mind  as  to  what  he  wants,  and 
then  select  his  mares  and  sires  from  such  animals  as  belong  to 
families  which  have  long  been  famous  for  the  qualities  he  is  in 
soarch  of.  If,  in  addition,  he  can  actually  procure  the  individ- 
uals which  have  distinguished  themselves,  it  will  be  so  ranch 
the  better;  but  we  shall  hereafter  find  that  family  is  of  more 
consequence  than  individual  success. 


SELKCnON  OF  BROOD  MARE. 

In  choosing  the  brood  mare,  four  things  must  be  considered — 
firet,  he-  )lood  ;  ntcondl}',  her  frame ;  thirdly,  lier  state  of  health ; 
and,  fourthly,  her  temper. 

Her  blood  or  breeding  will  mainly  depend  upon  the  views 
of  the  breeder — that  is  to  say,  what  particular  class  of  colts  lie 
wishes  to  obtain,  and  according  to  his  decision  he  will  look  out 
for  mares  of  the  particular  kind  he  desires  to  reproduce,  on 
the  principle  that  "  like  begets  like,"  but  subject  to  the  varioup 
considerations  partly  alluded  to  in  the  last  chapter,  and  partly 
in  this  and  subsequent  ones. 

In  frame,  the  mare  should  be  so  formed  as  to  be  capable  of 
carrying  and  well  nourishing  her  offspring ;  that  is,  she  should 
be  what  is  called  *'  roomy."    There  is  a  formation  of  the  hips 

*  SeeNote4,p.  853> 


CHOICE   OF  TIIE   MAKE. 


311 


tnares  and 
I  it  would 
produced 
'S8,  clover- 
nsable  re- 
ig  weiglit. 
nd  no  one 
tccn  jniles 
d  not  trot 
e  myself 
as  as  fine 
)st  ])ertect 
;t  as  good, 
d  there  is 
)rse  could 
thereibre, 
I'ants,  and 
belong  to 
i  lie  is  in 
B  individ- 
60  much 
i  of  more 


sidered — 
)f  health ; 

he  views 
'  colts  he 
look  out 
duce,  on 
e  varioup 
ad  partly 

pable  of 
le  should 
the  hips 


which  is  particularly  nnfit  for  breeding  purposes,  and  yet  which 
18  sometimes  carefully  selected,  because  it  is  considered  elegant; 
this  is  the  level  and  straight  hip,  in  which  the  tail  is  set  on  very 
high,  and  the  end  of  the  haunch-bone  is  nearly  on  ii  level  with 
the  projection  of  the  hip-bone.     The  opposite  form  is  represented 
in  the  skeleton  given  with  the  article  "Iloree,"  which  is  that  of 
a  thoroughbred  mare,  well  formed  for  this  breeding  purpose, 
but  in  other  respect:;  rather  too  slight.  By  examining  her  pelvis, 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  haunch-bone  forms  a  considerable  angle 
with  the  sacrum,  and  that,  as  a.  consequence,  there  is  plenty  of 
room,  not  only  for  carrying  the  foal,  but  for  allowing  it  to  pass 
into  the  world.      Both  of  these  points  are  important,  the  foi ;  .er 
evidently  so,  and  the  latter  no  less  so   on  consideration,  because 
if  the  foal  is  injured  in  the  birth,  either  of  necessity,  or  from  ig- 
norance or  carelessness,  it  will  often  fail  to  recover  its  powers, 
and  will  remain  permanently  injured.    The  pelvis,  then,  should 
be  wide  and  deep — that  is  to  say,  it  should  be  large  and  roomy  ; 
and  there  should  also  be  a  little  more  than  the  average  length 
from  the  hip  to  the  shoulder,  so  as  to  give  plenty  of  bed  for 
tlie  foal ;  as  well  as  a  good  depth  of  back-ribs,  which  are  neces- 
sary in  order  to  support  this  increased  length.      Tliis  gives  the 
whole  framework  of  the  trunk  of  a  larger  proportion  than  is 
always  desirable  in  the  race-horse,  which  may  easily  be  over- 
topped; and  hence  many  good  runnera  have  failed  as  brood 
mares,  whilst  a  great  number  of  bad  rimners  have  been  dams  of 
good  race-horees.     Beyond  this  roomy  frame,  necessary  as  the 
eggshell  of  the  foal,  the  mare  only  requires  such  a  shape  and 
make  as  is  well  adapted  for  the  particular  purpose  she  is  in- 
tended for ;  or  if  not  possessing  it  herself,  she  should  belong  to 
a  family  having  it,  according  to  the  13th  axiom  given  in  the  last 
chapter.      If  a  mare  can  be  obtained  possessing  all  these  requi- 
sites in  her  own  person,  so  much  the  more  likely  will  she  be  to 
produce  race-horses ;  but  if  not  all,  then  it  is  better  that  she 
should  add  as  many  as  possible  to  the  needful  framework,  with- 
out which  her  office  can  hardly  be  well  carried  out.      But  with 
this  suitable  frame,  if  she  belongs  to  a  family  which,  as  a  nilo, 
possesses  all  the  attributes  of  a  race-horse,  she  may  be  relied  on 
with  some  degree  of  certainty,  even  though  she  herself  should 
fail  in  some  of  them.     Thus,  there  are  many  tine  roomy  mares 


312 


THE  HORBB. 


which  have  been  useless  as  race-horses  ti-om  being  deficient  in 
the  power  ^>f  some  one  quarter,  either  behind  or  before,  or  per- 
haps a  little  too  slack  in  the  loin  for  their  length.  Such  animals, 
if  of  good  running  families,  should  not  be  despised  ;  and  many 
such  have  stood  their  owners  in  good  stead.  On  the  other  hand, 
some  good-looking  animals  have  never  thrown  good  stock,  be- 
cause they  were  only  exceptional  cases,  and  their  families  were 
of  bad  running  blood  on  all  or  most  sides.  No  mare  could  look 
much  more  unlike  producing  strong  stock  than  Pocahontas,  but 
being  of  a  family  which  numbers  Selivn,  Bacchante,  Tramp, 
Web,  Orville,  Eleanor,  and  Marmion  among  its  eight  members 
in  tlio  third  remove,  it  can  scar^oly  occasion  surprise  that  she 
fihould  respond  to  the  call  of  the  Baron  by  producing  a  Stock- 
well  and  a  Rataplan. 

In  health,  the  brood  mare  should  be  as  near  perfection  as 
the  artificial  state  of  this  animal  will  allow  ;  at  all  events,  it  is 
the  most  important  point  of  all,  and  in  every  case  the  mare 
should  be  very  carefully  examined,  with  a  view  to  discover  what 
deviations  from  a  natural  state  have  been  entailed  upon  her  by 
her  own  labors,  and  what  she  has  inherited  from  her  ancestors. 
Independently  of  the  consequence  of  accidents,  4'  deviations 
from  a  state  of  health  in  the  mare  may  be  consiov,.  od  as  more 
or  less  transmitted  to  her,  because  in  a  thoroughly  sound  con- 
stitution, no  ordinary  treatment  such  as  training  consists  of  will 
produce  disease,  and  it  is  only  hereditary  predispositions  which, 
under  this  process,  entails  its  appearance.  Still  there  are  posi- 
tive, comparative,  and  superlative  degrees  of  objectionable  dis- 
eases incidental  to  the  brood  mare,  which  should  be  accepted  or 
refused  accordingly.  All  accidental  defects,  such  as  broken 
knees,  dislocated  hips,  or  even  "  breaks  down,"  may  be  passed 
over;  the  latter,  however,  only  when  the  stock  from  which  the 
mare  is  descended  are  famous  for  standing  their  work  without 
this  frailty  of  sinew  and  ligament.  Spavins,  ring-bones,  large 
splents,  side-bones,  and,  in  fact,  all  bony  enlargements;  are  con- 
stitutional defects,  and  will  be  almost  sure  to  bo  perpetuated, 
more  or  less,  according  to  the  degree  in  which  they  exist  in  the 
particular  case.  Curby  hocks  are  also  hereditary,  and  should 
be  avoided;  though  many  a  one  much  bent  at  the  junction  of 
the  OH  cfdcis  with  the  astragalus  is  not  at  all  liable  to  curbs.    It 


^m 


-.  'iiiiiiiii|iiiiiiinii 111! 


POINTS  OF  BROOD  MARES. 


313 


oficient  in 
re,  or  per- 
il aniinnls, 
and  many 
tlicr  hand, 
stock,  bc- 
ilies  were 
jould  look 
ontas,  but 
5,  Tramp, 
members 
!  that  she 
5  a  Stock- 

fection  as 
'ents,  it  is 
the  mare 
3ver  what 
[)n  her  by 
ancestors, 
leviations 

as  more 
lund  oon- 
its  of  will 
tis  which, 

are  posi- 
lable  dis- 
cepted  or 
,8  broken 
)e  passed 
irhieh  the 
:  without 
les,  large 
;  are  con- 
petnated, 
ist  in  the 
d  should 
nction  of 
urbs.     It 


is  the  defective  condition  of  the  ligaments  there,  not  the  angu- 
lar junction,  which  leads  to  curbs ;  and  the  breeder  should. care- 
fully investigate  the  individual  case  before  accepting  or  reject- 
ing a  mare  with  suspicious  hocks.     Bad  feet,  whether  from  con- 
traction or  from  too  flat  and  thin  a  sole,  should  also  be  avoided ; 
but   wlien   they  have  obviously  arisen  from  bad  shoeing,  the 
defect  may  be  passed  over.     Such  are  the  chief  varieties  of  un- 
soundness in  the  legs  which  require  circumspection  ;   the  good 
points  which,  on  the  other  hand,  are  to  be  looked  for,  are  those 
considered  desirable  in  all  horses  that  are  subjected  to  the  shocks 
of  the  gallop.      Calf  knees  are  generally  bad  in  the  race-horse, 
and  are  very  apt  to  be  transmitted,  whilst  the  opposite  form  is 
also  perpetuated,  but  is  not  nearly  so  disadvantageous.      Such 
are  tlie  general  considerations  bearing  upon  soundness  of  limb. 
Tliat  of  the  wind  is  no  less  important.      Broken-winded  mares 
seldom  breed,  and  they  are  therefore  out  of  the  question,  if  for 
no  other  reason ;  but  no  one  would  risk  the  recurrence  of  this 
disease,  even  if  he  could  get  such  a  mare  stinted.     Roaring  is  a 
much-vexed  question,  which  is  by  no  means  theoretically  settled 
among  our  chief  veterinary  authorities,  nor  practically  by  our 
breeders.    Evei^  year,  however,  it  becomes  more  and  more 
frequent  and  important,  and  the  risk  of  reproduction   is  too 
great  for  any  person  wilfully  to  run  by  breeding  from  a  roarer. 
As  far  as  I  can  learn,  it  appears  to  be  much  more  hereditary  on 
the  side  of  the  mare  than  on  that  of  the  horse ;  and  not  even  the 
ofi'er  of  a  Virago  should  tempt  me  to  use  her  as  a  brood  mare. 
There  are  so  many  different  conditions  which  produce  what  is 
called  "  roaring,"  that  it  is  difficult  to  form  any  opinion  which 
shall  apply  to  all  cases.     In  some  instances,  where  it  has  arisen 
from  neglected  strangles,  or  from  a  simple  inflammation  of  the 
larynx,  the  result  of  cold,  it  will  probably  never  reappear ;  but 
when  the  genuine  ideopathic  roaring  has  made  its  appearance, 
apparently  depending  upon  a  disease  of  the  nerves  of  the  larynx, 
it  is  ten  to  one  that  the  nroduce  will  suffer  in  the  same  way. 
Blindness,  again,  may  or  or  may  not  be  hereditary ;  but  in  all 
cades  it  should  be  viewed  with  suspicion  as  great  as  that  due  to 
roaring.     Simple  cataract  without  inflammation  undoubtedly 
runs  in  families ;  and  when  a  horse  or  mire  lias  both  eyes  suf- 
fering from  this  disease,  without  any  other  derangement  of  the 


314 


THE   HORSE. 


oye,  I  sliould  eschew  them  carefully.  When  blindness  is  the 
result. of  violent  infiammatioii  brout^ht  on  by  bad  nianageincnt, 
or  by  influenza,  or  any  other  similar  cause,  the  eye  itself  is  more 
or  less  disorganized  ;  and  tiiough  this  itself  is  objectionable,  as 
showing  a  weakness  of  the  organ,  it  is  not  so  bad  as  the  regular 
cataract.  Such  arc  the  chief  absolute  defects,  or  deviations,  from 
health  in  the  mare;  to  which  nniy  be  added  a  general  delicacy 
of  constitution,  which  can  only  be  guessed  from  the  amount  of 
flesh  which  she  carries  while  suckling  or  on  poor  "keep,"  or 
from  her  appearance  on  examination  by  an  experienced  hand, 
using  his  eyes  as  well.  The  firm  full  muscle,  the  bright  and  lively 
eye,  the  healthy-looking  coat  at  all  seasons,  rough  though  it  may 
bo  in  the  winter,  proclaim  the  hardiness  of  constitution  which  is 
wanted,  but  which  often  coexists  with  infirm  legs  and  feet.  In- 
deed, sometimes  the  very  best-topped  animals  have  the  worst 
legs  anu  feet,  chiefly  owing  to  the  extra  weight  they  and  their 
ancestors  also  have  had  to  carry.  Crib-biting  is  sometimes  a 
habit  acquired  from  idleness,  as  also  is  wind-sucking;  but  if 
not  caused  by  indigestion,  it  often  leads  to  it,  and  is  very  com- 
monly caught  by  the  ofllspring.  It  is  true  that  it  may  be  pre- 
vented by  a  strap  ;  but  it  is  not  a  desirable  accomplishment  in 
the  mare,  though  of  less  importance  than  those  to  which  I  have 
already  alluded,  if  not  accompanied  by  absolute  loss  of  liealth, 
as  indicated  by  emaciation,  or  the  state  of  the  skin. 

Lastly,  the  temper  is  of  the  utmost  importance,  by  which 
must  be  imderstood  not  that  gentleness  at  grass  which  may  lead 
the  breeder's  family  to  pet  the  mare,  but  such  a  temper  as  Avill 
serve  for  the  purposes  of  her  rider,  and  will  answer  to  the  stim- 
ulus of  the  voice,  whip,  or  spur.  A  craven  or  a  rogue  is  not  to 
l)e  thought  of  as  the  "  mother  of  a  family ; "  and  if  a  mare  be- 
longs to  a  breed  which  is  remarkable  for  refusing  to  answer  the 
call  of  the  rider,  she  should  be  consigned  to  any  task  rather  than 
the  stud-farm.  Neither  should  a  mare  be  used  for  this  purpose 
which  had  been  too  irritable  to  train,  unless  she  happened  to  be 
an  exceptional  case ;  but  if  of  an  irritable  family,  she  would  be 
worse  even  than  a  roarer,  or  a  blind  one.  These  are  defects 
which  are  appparent  in  the  colt  or  filly,  but  the  irritability 
which  interferes  with  training  often  leads  to  the  expenditure  of 


CHOIOK   OF   8TAM.I0N. 


less  is  the 
inngeincnt, 
ielf  is  more 
ioiuible,  as 
he  icgular 
tioiis,  iVotii 
il  delicacy 
timouiit  of 
keep,"  or 
ced  hand, 
and  lively 
iigh  it  may 
in  whicli  is 
feet.  Li- 
the woret 
and  their 
netiines  a 
ig ;  bnt  if 
very  com- 
ly  be  pre- 
shment  in 
ich  I  have 
of  liealth, 

by  which 
I  may  lead 
ier  as  will 
>  the  stira- 
e  is  not  to 
I  mare  be- 
mswer  the 
ather  than 
8  purpose 
3ned  to  be 
would  be 
re  defects 
rritability 
iditure  of 


large  sums  on  tlie  fnUh  of  private  trials,  which  arc  lost  from  the 
failure  in  public,  owing  to  this  defect  of  nervous  system. 


CHOICE   OF   STALLION. 


Like  the  brood  nuire,  the  stallion  reiiuires  several  essentials — 
commencing  also  like  her,  tii-st,  with  his  blood ;  secondly,  his  in- 
dividual shape;  thirdly,  his  health;  and,  fourthly,  his  temper, 
lint  there  is  this  difficulty  in  selecting  the  stallion,  that  he  must 
not  only  be  suitable  j9t7'  sc,  bnt  he  must  also  be  adapted  to  the  par- 
ticular mare  which  he  is  to  "serve."  Thus,  it  will  be  manifest 
that  the  task  is  more  difficult  than  the  fixing  upon  a  brood  maro, 
because  (leaving  out  of  consideration  all  other  points  but  blc»od) 
in  tlie  one  case,  a  mare  only  has  to  be  chosen  which  is  of  good 
blood  for  racing  purposes,  while  in  the  other  there  must  be  the 
same  attention  paid  to  this  particular,  and  also  to  the  stallion's 
suitability  to  the  marc,  or  to  "hit"  with  her  blood.  Hence,  all 
the  various  theories  connected  with  generation  must  be  investi- 
gated, in  order  to  do  justice  to  the  subject;  and  the  breeder 
must  make  up  his  mind  whether  in-and-in-breeding,  as  a  rule,  is 
desirable  or  otherwise ;  and  if  so,  whether  it  is  adapted  to  the 
particular  case  he  is  considering.  Most  men  make  up  their 
minds  one  way  or  the  other  on  this  subject,  and  act  accordingly, 
in  which  decision  much  depends  upon  the  prevailing  fashion 
The  rock  upon  which  most  men  split  is  a  bigoted  favoritism 
for  some  particular  horse ;  thus,  one  man  puts  all  his  mares  to 
Orlando ;  another,  to  Surplice  or  the  Flying  Dutchman ;  although 
they  may  every  one  be  different  in  blood  and  form  to  the  others. 
Kow,  this  cannot  possibly  be  right  if  there  is  any  principle  what- 
ever in  breeding ;  and  however  good  a  horse  may  be,  he  can- 
not be  suited  to  all  mares.  Some,  again,  will  say  that  any  horse 
will  do,  and  that  all  is  a  lottery ;  but  I  think  I  shall  be  able  to 
show  that  there  is  some  science  required  to  enable  the  breeder 
to  draw  many  prizes.  That  the  system  generally  followed  of 
late  is  a  bad  one,  I  am  satisfied,  and  with  the  usual  and  constant 
crossing  and  re-crossing  it  is  almost  a  lottery ;  but  upon  proper 
principles,  and  with  careful  management,  I  am  tempted  to  be- 
lieve that  there  would  be  fewer  blanks  than  at  present.  I  have 
already  given  my  own  theoretical  views  upon  the  case,  illustra- 
ted by  numerous  examples  on  both  sides  of  the  question.  It  will 


816 


THE  HORSE. 


now  bo  my  object  to  apply  these  views  practically  by  selecting 
particular  instunces. 

In  choosing  the  parti<'ulnr  blood  which  will  suit  any  given 
marc,  my  impression  always  would  be,  that  it  is  desirable  to  fix 
upon  the  best  stniin  in  her  pedigree,  if  not  already  twice  bred 
inand-iii,  and  then  to  put  to  her  the  best  stallion  available  of 
that  blood.  In  some  cases,  of  course,  it  will  happen  that  the 
second  best  strain  will  answer  better,  because  there  happens  to 
be  a  better  horse  of  that  blood  to  be  had  than  of  the  superior 
strain,  which  would  otherwise  bo  preferred.  If,  on  the  other 
Imnd,  the  mare  has  already  been  in-bred  to  the  extent  of  two  de- 
grees, then  a  cross  will  bo  advisable  ;  but  I  am  much  inclined 
to  believe,  from  the  e'iccss  of  certain  well-known  cases,  that 
even  then  a  cross  into  blood  already  existing  in  the  mare,  but 
not  recently  in-bred  nor  used  more  than  once,  will  sometimes 
answer.  Upon  these  principles  I  should,  therefore,  look  for  suc- 
cess ;  and  if  the  series  of  tables  I  have  herewith  given  are  care- 
fully studied,  it  M-ill  be  seen  that  the  production  of  good  winners 
has  so  often  followed  this  practice  as  to  make  its  adoption  ex- 
ceedingly tempting.  It  is  surprising  to  me  that  this  very  com- 
mon occurrence  of  in-breeding  among  our  best  modern  horses 
has  so  generally  escaped  observation,  and  the  only  way  in 
which  I  can  explain  it  is  by  supposing,  that  having  frequently 
been  through  the  grandam  on  either  side  it  has  been  lost  sight 
of,  because  the  knowledge  of  the  sire's  and  grandsire's  blood  is 
generally  the  extent  to  which  the  inquiry  goes.  Thus,  we  find 
the  most  recent  writer  on  the  subject,  who  assumes  the  name  of 
"  Craven,"  asserting,  at  page  121  of  "  Tlie  Horse"—"  There  is  no 
proximity  of  relationship  in  the  genealogy  of  the  Flying  Dutch- 
man, Touchstone,  Melbourne,  Epirus,  Alarm,  Bay  Middleton, 
Ilero,  Orlando,  Irish  Birdcatcher,  Cossack,  Harkaway,  Tearaway, 
Lothario,  or  otherj  of  celebrity."  Now,  of  these  the  Flying 
Dutchman  is  the  produce  of  second  cousins  ;  Bay  Middleton,  his 
sire,  being  also  in-bred  to  Williamson's  Ditto  and  Walton,  own 
brothers ;  p-.a  Orlando,  containing  in  his  pedigree  Selim  twice 
over,  and  Castrel,  his  brother,  in  addition.  Melbourne  also  is 
the  produce  of  third  cousins,  both  his  sire  and  dam  being  de- 
scended from  Highflyer.  But  if  to  these  four,  which  he  has 
Bpecially  named,  be  added  the  numerous  "othere  of  celebrity" 


coNffnTunow  ov  stallion. 


317 


y  Bolecting 

any  given 
able  to  tix 
wiec  bred 
vuilablo  of 
!ii  tliat  the 
uippens  to 
superiof 
the  other 
of  two  de- 
h  inclined 
cnscs,  that 
marc,  but 
Hoinetiines 
•ok  for  8UC- 
n  are  care- 
od  winners 
option  ex- 
very  coin- 
ern  liorses 
y  way  in 
frequently 
1  lost  sight 
s's  blood  is 
18,  wo  lind 
10  name  of 
["here  is  no 
ng  Diitcli- 
ifiddleton, 
Fearaway, 
16  Flying 
ileton,  his 
ilton,  own 
lira  twice 
'ne  also  is 
being  de- 
li he  has 
elebrity  " 


to  wliich  I  have  drawn  attention,  besides  a  iiost  of  lesser  stars 
too  numerous  to  mention,  it  will  bo  admitted  that  ho  assumeB 
for  granted  the  exact  opposite  of  what  really  is  the  case. 

The  choice  of  }iarticular  stallions,  as  dependent  upon  their 
formation,  is  not  less  difficult  than  that  of  the  marc,  and  it  must 
be  guided  by  nearly  the  same  principles,  except  that  there  is  no 
occasion  for  any  framework  especially  calculated  for  nourishing 
and  containing  the  foitus,  as  in  her  cnse.  As  far  ns  possible, 
the  horse  should  bo  the  counterpart  of  what  is  desired  in  the 
produce,  though  sometimes  it  may  be  necessary  to  sele  -.t  an  ani- 
mal of  a  breed  slightly  exaggerating  the  peculiarity  which  is 
sought  for,  especially  when  that  is  not  connected  with  the  j)re- 
pondcrance  of  fore  or  hind-qufirtors.  Thus,  if  the  mare  is  very 
leggy,  a  more  than  usually  short-legged  horse  may  be  selected, 
or  if  her  neck  is  too  sliort  or  ifoo  long,  an  animal  with  this  organ 
particularly  long,  or  the  reveiBC,  as  the  case  may  be,  should  be 
sought  out.  But  in  all  cases  it  is  dangerous  to  attempt  to  make 
too  sudden  alteration  with  regard  to  size,  as  the  effort  will  gen- 
erally end  in  a  colt  made  without  a  due  proportion  of  parts,  and 
therefore  more  or  less  awkward  and  unwieldy. 

In  constitution  and  general  health,  the  same  remarks  exactly 
apply  to  the  horse  as  the  mare.  All  hereditary  diseases  are  to 
be  avoided  as  far  as  possible,  though  few  horees  are  to  be  mot 
with  entirely  free  from  all  kinds  of  unsoundness,  some  the  effects 
of  severe  training,  CJ^d  others  resulting  from  actual  disease,  oc- 
curring from  other  causes.  With  regard  to  fatness,  there  is  an 
extraordinary  desire  for  horses  absolutely  loaded  with  fat,  just 
as  there  formerly  was  for  overfed  oxen  at  Christmas.  It  is  quite 
true  that  the  presence  of  a  moderate  quantity  of  fat  is  a  sign  of 
a  good  constitution,  but,  like  all  other  good  qualities,  it  may  be 
carried  to  excess,  so  as  to  produce  disease ;  and  just  as  there 
often  is  hypertrophy,  or  excess  of  nourishment  of  tiie  heart,  or 
any  bony  parts,  so  is  there  often  a  like  superabundance  of  fat 
causing  obstruction  to  the  duo  performance  of  the  animal  func- 
tions, and  often  ending  in  prematuio  death.  This  is  in  great 
measure  owing  to  want  of  exercise,  but  also  to  over-stimulating 
food;  and  the  breeder  who  wishes  his  horse  to  last,  and  also 
to  get  good  stock,  should  take  especial  care  that  be  has  enough 
of  the  one  and  not  too  much  of  the  other. 


1 


-srxB^gjIfgjggfggeasmssr. 


318 


TTTK   nORSR. 


:i  \ 


■1% 


,>r:'-  ! 


In  temper,  nlw),  there  is  no  more  to  bo  added  to  wlmt  I  Imvo 
•aid  relating  to  the  nmre,  exeept  that  there  are  more  had-tem- 
perecl  Htalliiiim  met  with  than  maroH,  in<U'|>enilently  of  their 
.imiiin^,  and  thin  is  eaiiMod  hy  the  eonHtant  Htate  of  nnnatiiral 
excitement  in  which  they  are  kept.  This  kind  of  vice  i»,  l»ow- 
ovor,  not  of  HO  much  importance,  m  it  does  not  ati'eet  the  run- 
nin;^  of  the  Btock,  and  eoleiy  interferes  with  their  stable  man- 
agement. 

BK8T  AOE  TO  BREED  FROM. 

It  is  commonly  Bn])p08ed  that  one  or  oMier  of  the  paretifs 
shouhl  be  of  mature  ajjje,  and  that  if  both  are  very  younjf,  or  very 
old,  the  ])rodnce  will  be  decrepit  or  weakly.  A  j^reat  nuiny  of 
our  best  horses  have  been  out  of  old  marcs,  or  by  old  hoi-ses — 
as,  for  instance,  Priam,  out  of  Cressida,  at  twenty  ;  Crucifix,  out 
of  Octaviana,  at  twenty -two;  and  Lottery  and  Ih-utandorf,  out 
of  Mandane,  at  twenty  and  twenty-one  ;  Voltaire  got  Voltigeur 
at  twenty-one  ;  Hay  Middleton  was  the  siro  of  Andover  at  eigh- 
teen, and  Touchstone  got  Newminster  at  seventeen.  On  the 
other  hand,  many  young  stallions  and  mares  liave  succeedod 
well,  and  in  numberless  instances  the  first  foal  of  a  mare  has 
been  the  best  she  ever  jjroduccd.  In  the  olden  times,  Mark  An- 
thony and  Conductor  were  the  first  foals  of  their  dams ;  and 
more  recently,  Shuttle  Pope,  Filho  da  Puta,  Sultan,  Pericles, 
Oiseau,  Doctor  Syntax,  Manfred,  and  Pantaloon,  have  all  been 
first-born.  Still  these  are  exceptions,  and  the  great  bulk  of  su- 
perior horses  are  produced  later  in  the  series.  The  youngest 
dam  which  I  ever  heard  of  was  Monstrosity,  foaled  in  1838,  who 
produced  Ugly  Buck  at  three  years  old,  having  been  put  lo 
Venison  when  only  two  years  of  age.  Her  dam,  also,  was  only 
one  year  older  when  she  wjvs  foaled ;  and  Venison  himself  was 
(piite  a  young  stallion,  being  only  seven  years  old  when  he  got 
Ugly  Buck  ;  so  that  altogether  the  Inst-mentioned  horse  was  a 
I'cmarkable  instance  of  successful  breeding  from  young  parents, 
As  in  most  cases  of  the  kind,  however,  his  early  promises  were 
not  carried  out,  and  he  showed  far  better  as  a  two-year-old,  and 
early  in  the  following  year,  than  in  his  maturity.  Such  is  often 
the  case,  and,  I  believe,  is  a  very  general  rule  in  breeding  all 
animals,  whether  horses,  dogs,  or  cattle.      The  general  practice 


rmiC    FOR   BKKF.niNO. 


310 


lint  I  Imvo 
I  bml-tcMii- 
y  «f  thoir 
unnatiirnl 
•o  in,  Iiow- 
t  the  riiit- 
il)lu  mail- 


10  pardnfH 
ff,  or  voi-y 

iiiaiij  of 

horses — 
iicifix,  out 
iidorf,  out 
Volti^oiir 
;r  at  ei^!i- 
On  tlic 
iucceedeil 
maro  lins 
Mark  An- 
nus ;  and 

I^ericles, 
I  all  been 
ilk  of  su- 
younpjest 
^838,  who 
m  put  10 
was  only 
iself  was 
n  lie  got 
rse  was  a 
;  parents. 
ises  were 
•-old,  and 
h  is  often 
eding  all 

practice 


in  hrcoding  is  to  use  young  Btallions  with  old  inaros,  and  to  ]n\t 
yoniig  niaiH'H  to  ohl  Hfallions;  and  such  appears  to  bo  the  hfst 
plan,  judging  from  theory  as  well  as  practice.* 

BKST  TIMK    KOlt    HUKKDINO. 

For  all  racing  |>urj)o»e«,  an  early  foal  is  important,  becauso 
the  age  takes  date  from  the  Ist  (^f  January.  The  maro,  thero- 
fore,  shoidd  bo  ])Ut  to  the  horne  in  February,  so  as  to  foal  aa 
soon  after  .Tan\uiry  Ist  as  jJOHsible.  As,  however,  many  mares 
foal  a  little  before  the  end  of  the  eleventh  month,  it  is  not  tafo 
to  send  her  to  the  horse  i)efore  the  nnddle  of  the  second  month 
in  the  year.  For  further  particidars,  see  "Thoughts  on  Breed- 
ing," and  the  "Stud-Farm,"  in  which  the  general  nnui'.(?emei»t 
of  the  maro  and  foal  is  fully  detailed. t 

•  The  best  coUb  In  this  country  bavo  been  from  Bln>B  of  mature  age,  InHta  ico 
Glcncoo,  Dlomed  who  wan  not  imiiortta , until  23  years  old.  Lexington  wub 
foiled  to  Alice  C'arneal  when  14  years  old.— Ed. 

f  The  mare  should  bo  kept  In  ffood  condition  and  well  protected  In  bad 
weather,  and  watched  at  the  time  ot  ■'luling.  Wo  bollovo  those  foals  that  como 
after  the  grass  Is  well  up,  succeed  u  well,  and  often  better,  In  this  country  than 
those  foaled  earlier  In  the  year.  From  tho  middle  of  March  to  the  first  of  May 
will  bo  found  early  enough  In  a  majority  of  the  largo  brooding  States.— Ed. 


— -*     r.cJMJ- i 


THOUGHTS 


ON  GENERAL  BREEDING. 


it'- 


JSow  in  rolatior  io  breeding  for  general  purposes,  that  is  to  say 
to  breeding  tho  general  horse,  with  a  view  to  profit,  on  the  pai't 
of  the  bracder,  and  to  practical  utility  and  the  improvement  of 
the  horse-stock  of  the  country  at  large,  I  shall  proceed  to  give  a 
few  brief  suggestions,  and  experiences  of  my  own.  And  first,  I 
shall  lay  down  two  axioms,  which  I  consider  to  be  as  self-evi- 
dent, as  it  is  that  the  nearest  line  between  two  points  is  a  right 
line ;  and  those  vA\o  i  jnnot  adopt  them  with  me,  will,  I  fear, 
find  nothing  thi  i  thev  \n\\  admire,  or  that  will  be  of  use  to  them, 
in  what  foUowK.     T?!ey  ar"  these — 

Firet.  That  the  excellt-ice  of  any  and  every  breed  of  horse, 
and  of  every  individual  horse,  jonsists  in  his  possession  of  the 
greatest  attainable  degree  of  pu»"e  thorough  blood,  directly  trace- 
able to  Barb,  Arab  or  Turk,  that  is  compatible  with  the  weight, 
bulk,  and  strength,  in  hauling,  required  for  the  purposes,  for 
which  the  horse  is  intended. 

Second.  That  to  be  of  advantage,  the  pure  blood  must  come 
chiefly  f''om  the  sire's,  not  from  the  dam's,  side. 

This  second  axiom  or  rule,  is  a  deduction  from  no  theory,  or 
Bet  of  principles,  but  a  fact  proved  by  the  breeding  experience 
of  ages.  However  pure  the  blood  of  the  dam,  if  she  be  stinted 
to  an  animal  of  inferior  blood,  the  progeny  will  be  inferior  to — 
what  they  should  be — the  half-blood. 

French  physiologists  opine,  not  without  strong  reasons  for 
their  faith,  that  the  pure  female  animal,  once  impregnated  by 
an  inferior  male,  from  some  unknown  impression  on  her  nervous 


MONGREL   BREEDING. 


321 


iliat  is  to  say 
t,  on  the  part 
jrovement  of 
eed  to  give  a 
And  first,  I 
e  as  self-evi- 
its  is  a  right 
I,  will,  I  fear, 
■  nse  to  them, 

eed  of  horse, 
ession  of  the 
irectly  trace- 
1  the  weight, 
purposes,  for 

d  must  come 

ao  theory,  or 
5  experience 
lie  be  stinted 
inferior  to — 

J  reasons  for 
regnated  by 
.  her  nervous 


or  generative  system,  becomes,  ever  after,  herself  so  nearly  a 
hybrid,  tliat  she  is  thenceforth  incapable  of  producing  a  pure 
progeny,  even  to  a  pure  sire.* 

The  case  referred  to  above,  on  page  265,  of  the  series  of  hy- 
brids, pjvserved  in  the  museum  of  the  College  of  Surgeons,  fur- 
nishes a  most  singular  corroboration  of  this  theory. 

The  circumstances  are  these — A  thoroughbred  mare,  of  ex- 
tremely high  blood,  from  which  it  was  anxiously  desired  to  ob- 
tain a  progeny,  was  stinted  several  times  to  thoroughbred  stal- 
lions, but  was  always  barren.  It  was  suggested  to  the  owner, 
that  she  might  possibly  stand  in  foal,  if  tried  to  some  of  the 
ferine  varieties  of  the  horse  ;  and  tluvt,  it  her  barrenness  could 
be  once  overcome,  she  would,  doubtless,  in  future  prove  fruitful 
by  aninuils  of  her  own  type.  She  was  accordingly  stinted  to  a 
quagga,  the  striped  South  African  animal,  akin  to  the  Zebra, — 
procured  from  a  menagerie  for  the  purpose, — and,  as  it  was  pre- 
dicted, stood  in  foal  to  him,  and  produced  a  striped  hybrid.  There- 
after, she  was  stinted  three  times  in  succession  to  three  diiferent 
stallions  of  pure  blood — there  being,  of  course,  no  possible  means 
by  which  the  wild  African  horse  could  have  had  second  access 
to  her— and,  in  each  instance,  she  gave  birth  to  a  striped  hybrid. 

Phenomena  of  the  same  description  are  so  common  in  the 
case  of  bitches  of  any  pure  race,  which  may  have  been  casually 
warded  by  dogs  of  another  family,  or  by  mongrels,  that  dog- 
fanciers  will  not  attempt  to  breed  from  such,  as  have  once  borne 
ignoble  or  hybrid  litters  ;  knowing  the  tendency  of  the  mothers, 
to  breed  lack^  as  it  is  technically  termed,  to  the  type  of  the  first 
parent. 

Some  writers  have  endeavored  to  account  for  this  strange 
anomaly,  as  it  would  seem  to  be,  by  attributing  it  to  the  effect 
of  a  first  love  on  the  imagination  of  the  female  parent;  but, 
although  it  be  admitted  that  imagination  has  its  influence  on  the 
generative  organs,  and  to  some  degree  on  the  whole  system  of 
genei-ation,  it  seems  to  be  ascribing  more  than  a  reasonable, 
or  conceivable  .duration  to  a  mere  mental  affection,  when 
one  assumes  its  capacity  to  alter  the  whole  formal  and  physical 
organization  of  animals,  regularly  bred  of  like  parents,  to  the 
fourth  generation. 

Tlie  first  thing,  therefore,  in  my  view  of  the  subject,  is  to  de 

*  This  is  not  true.    See  Note  3,  p.  853. 

Vol.  II.— 21 


8SS 


THE   H0E8B. 


termine  what  class  of  animals  not  thoroughbred  you  will  raise, 
and  I  believe  the  most  profitable  to  be  soinetliing  nearly  akin  to 
the  English  hunter  ;  that  is  to  say,  sometliing  which,  having  one, 
two,  lliree  or  more  crosses  of  pure  blood,  on  some  excellent  com- 
mon stock,  such  as  the  best  Vermont  mares  of  the  lighter  class, 
the  best  Canadian  or  mixed  American  and  Canadian  mares,  or  the 
best,  so  called,  Morgan  mares  of  the  largest  and  boniest  class, 
may  turn  out  at  best  a  very  fast  and  valuable  trotter,  or,  lacking 
the  si)eed  for  that,  a  high-bred,  showy,  grand-actioned  carriage 
horse,  or,  in  case  he  should  want  height  for  that  purpose,  a  thor- 
oughly-useful light  farm-horse  or  roadster. 

All  these  horses  are  to  be  raised  by  judicious  breeding  of  the 
thoroughbred  upon  common  mares.  But  it  requires  knowledge, 
experience  and  jiulgment,  to  succeed  in  such  an  attempt. 

Nothing  is  more  fatal,  as  a  mistake,  than  to  try  to  produce 
great  size,  or  even  increase  of  size,  by  stinting  under-sized,  weedy 
mares  to  great,  overgrown,  bulky  stallions.  The  result  is,  almost 
invariably,  ill-shaped,  narrow-chested,  slab-sided,  leggy  animals, 
with  light  round  bone,  and  often  altogether  defective  in  balance 
and  counterpoise  of  parts;  having  heavy  heads,  long,  weak,  un- 
muscular  necks,  and  either  the  fore-quarters  or  the  hind-quarters 
vastly  and  disi)roportionately  in  excess.  Something  of  this  sort 
is  said  by  the  late  J.  S.  Skinner,  in  his  Journal  of  Agriculture, 
in  an  article  on  the  breeding  of  the  American  trotting  horee,  to 
have  been  notoriously  the  case  of  the  progeny  of  a  Cleveland 
Bay  stallion  of  great  size,  imported  by  Kobert  Pattison  of  Mary- 
land, and  sent  by  him  into  Frederick  county  of  that  State. 

This  is  precisely  the  result  which  I  should  have  expected, 
supposing  the  class  of  mares  stinted  to  him,  whose  produce 
turned  out  so  unfortunately,  to  have  been  of  the  wretched 
weedy,  spindle-legged,  raw-hipped,  ewe-necked  class,  which  one 
sees  generally  used  for  farm-work,  in  that  State  and  Delaware,  on  * 
the  smaller  farms  and  in  the  hands  of  the  poorer  rural  proprie- 
tors— evidentl}-^  an  effete  and  run-down  cross  of  thoroughbreds, 
probably  both  male  and  female,  with  the  poorest  kind  of  the  coun- 
try horse. 

Had  the  Cleveland  Bay,  in  question,  that  is  if  he  were  really 
a  fine  and  well-proportioned  animal,  with  good  carcass,  deep 
eloping  shoulders,  broad  chest,  arched    ides,  short  flat  caimon- 


CLEVELAND   BAY    EMPEROR. 


8'^3 


will  raise, 
irly  akin  to 
laving  one, 
client  com- 
^liter  class, 
ares,  or  tlie 
iiiest  class, 
or,  lacking 
id  carriage 
ose,  a  thor- 

dingof  the 

cnowledge, 

npt. 

;o  produce 

led,  weedy 

t  is,  almost 

jy  animals, 

in  balance 
,  weak,  nn- 
id-quarters 
i>f  this  sort 
griculture, 
g  horse,  to 

Cleveland 
n  of  Mary- 
5tate. 

expected, 
e  produce 
wretched 
which  one 
si  aware,  on 
il  proprie- 
jughbreds, 
f  the  coun- 

vere  really 
'cass,  deep 
it  caimon- 


bones  and  good  quarters— such  as  the  noble  animal  Emperor, 
lately  imported  by  Mr.  Rives  into  Virginia,  whose  figure  stands 
at  the  head  of  this  paper,  and  who  may  be  set  down  as  a  per- 
fect type  of  the  highest  class  of  improved  Cleveland  Bay— been 
put  to  well-selected  mares,  of  the  right  breed  and  of  the  right 
formation,  he  would  not  have  been  accused  of  deteriorating  the 
breed  of  horses,  but  would  have  undoubtedly  given  size,  but  not 
size  without  substance,  height  without  bone,  much  less  length 
without  proportion. 

In  some  portions  of  the  country,  and  particularly  in  thosti 
portions,  where  there  is  evidence,  in  the  character  of  the  now 
existing  horse-stock,  that  there  has  been  an  original  strain  of 
Cleveland  Bay  blood,  subsequently  crossed  with  other  bloods, 
such  as  the  Canadian  and  the  thoroughbred— the  latter  remote- 
ly—as I  think  is  the  case  in  the  State  of  Vermont,  where  I  con- 
ceive the  short,  compact  stocky  Morgans  to  be  the  result  of 
such  an  intermixture,  I  do  not  doubt  that  the  services  of  such 
a  Cleveland  Bay  stallion  as  Emperor,  put  to  long,  roomy,  well 
quartered  and  well-proportioned  mares  of  the  Morgan  breed, 
would  be  of  incalculable  benefit.  I  have  no  doubt  that  in  the 
fir-st  generation  such  a  horse  would  produce  admirable  light 
team  horses  of  great  show  and  substance,  suitable  for  express 
wagons  and  the  like,  and  that  the  mares  bred  to  thoroughbred 
horses  of  the  right  kind — selected  for  bone,  compactness,  and 
substance — would  give  in  the  first  cross  carriage-horses,  and  in 
the  second  trotters,  parade  horses,  or  cavalry  horses,  of  the 
highest  possible  caste  and  form.  I  doubt,  that  without  some 
such  cross,  giving  increased  cize,  bone,  and  room  to  the  Morgan, 
or  light  Vermont,  road  mares,  extensively  crossing  with  thorough- 
breds would  not  succeed  in  the  firet  instance,  unless  from  the 
very  cream  of  the  largest  mares,  and  from  a  horse  of  singu- 
larly well-selected  points  and  characteristics  of  bone,  form,  and 
last  not  least,  blood  of  some  strain,  such  as  those  of  Orville, 
Comus,  Woodpecker,  Lottery,  Humphrey  Clinker,  or  our  own 
Messenger,  famous  for  success  in  producing  hunters  or  road- 
sters. 

Such  a  horse  as  Priam,  whatever  may  be  said  of  his  racer- 
getting  qualities,  would  be  fatal  to  a  line  of  roadsters,  hunters, 
or  chargers,  from  the  fatal  tying  in  of  his  knees. 


J 


324 


THE  H0B8S. 


Tims,  if  it  be  turned  to  the  proper  use,  I  consider  tJint  tli« 
importation  of  Emperor,  the  Cleve.'and  Bay,  above  epoken  of 
and  repretscnted,  is  a  move  in  the  right  direction,  and  ono 
likely  to  have  the  nicst  generally  beneficial  consequences. 

If,  however,  it  be  intended  to  set  him  covering  run-oul, 
narrow,  weedy  Ihoroughbn  Ij,  or  half  or  three-foui  a  part 
bred  mares,  in  the  hope  of  giving  them  bone,  bulk,  and  o.amina 
by  the  new  strain,  it  needs  no  prophet  to  foresee  and  forotell  the 
very  oppoi?ite  results. 

The  animals  will  have  less  than  the  blood  — which  is  the 
only  one  good  point  left  to  them— of  their  dams,  and  none  of  the 
cliaracteristics  of  their  sire.  Since  the  mares  have  neither  the 
uterine  capacity  to  contain  the  fcetus  proportioned  to  such  a 
horae,  with  natural  reference  to  its  growth  and  development 
previous  to  its  birth,  nor  the  blood  and  stamina  for  its  nourish- 
ment while  witiiin  their  bodies. 

There  is  another  class  of  importations,  that  of  the  Percheron 
Norman  stallions,  to  which  I  'ook  with  the  greatest  interest — 
although  with  no  idea  whatever  that  the  stock  got  directly  by 
them  out  of  any  class  of  m.ires,  whatever,  will  be  of  use  for 
any  other  pui-pose  than  draught.  It  is  as  the  progenitors  of 
mares,  which  will  cast  the  finest  foals  for  general  work,  to 
tlioroughbred  horses,  deriving  show,  size,  round  action,  and 
bone  from  the  dams,  speou,  endurance,  courage,  and  blood  from 
the  sires,  that  I  consiuor  they  will  be  invaluable,  and  even  su- 
perior <^o  the  Cleveland  Bays — in  that  they,  in  themselves, 
possess  a  share  of  Barb  blood,  and  that  they  have  by  nature, 
with  some  size,  the  very  form,  and  the  shape,  and  rjuality  of 
bone  which  we  desire. 

I  have  no  doubt  that  even  well-chosen,  pure  Canadian  mares 
would  produce  wonderfully  improved  stock  to  horses  of  this, 
tlieir  own,  original  strain—  -but  that  the  larger-sized  mares  of 
Canada,  the  result  of  a  cross  between  Canadians  and  well-bred 
English  crosses — that  is  to  say,  the  produce  of  one  or  two  out- 
crossings after  a  long  continuance  of  in-breeding — put  onoe 
more  to  pure  Norman  stallions,  would  produce  wonderful  stock, 
can,  in  fact,  hardly  be  questioned,  by  any  one  at  all  conversant 
with  the  theory  of  breeding,  or  its  practice.  And  that  the  off- 
Bpring  of  the  mares  of  that  new  strain,  by  properly  selected 


•'*ifi!i--i"».^;S-Ai>SM^Ki''- 


PERCHERON   NORMANS. 


325 


fer  tJint  tiio 
tpoken  of 
^1,  and  Olio 
jnces. 

ig  nm-oul, 
3ui  8  part 
Uid  otamiiia 
(forotell  tlie 

In'chis  the 
none  of  the 
neither  the 

to  sucli  a 
3veIopment 
ts  noiirish- 

Percheron 
'  interest — 
directly  by 

of  use  for 
genitors  of 
.1  work,  to 
iction,  and 
blood  from 
d  even  su- 
hemselves, 
hy  nature, 
quality  of 

iian  mares 
es  of  this, 

mares  of 

well-bred 
•  two  out- 
-pnt  onoe 
•ful  stock, 
onversant 
It  the  off- 
■  selected 


thoroughbreds,  would  be  chargers  on  which  a  king  might  be 
willing  to  do  battle  for  his  crown,  or  which  a  queen  might  be 
proud  to  see  harnessed  to  her  chariot,  on  her  coronation,  I,  for 
one,  would  stake  my  reputation  as  a  horseman. 

Thij ,  n  a  word,  is  what  I  think  is  most  needed,  and  most 
desirable  to  be  done — to  raise  by  judicious  selection  of  parents, 
by  large  and  liberal  nourishment  of  the  mares,  while  in  fual, 
and  by  careful  feeding,  tending,  and  fostering  the  young  ani- 
mals— not  forgetting  to  protect  them  from  severe  weather,  and 
sudden  changes  of  temperature—  the  standard  bone  and  muscle 
of  our  common  country  mares,  and  then  to  breed  them  to  the 
best,  and  nothing  but  the  best,  blood-horses. 

And  here  I  will  proceed  to  extract  from  the  American  edi- 
tion of  Youatt  on  the  Horse,  a  letter  to  the  American  editor  of 
that  work,  from  Edward  Harris,  Esq.,  of  Mooreetown,  New 
Jersey,  descriptive  of  his  pure  imported  Norman  stock,  and 
giving  his  views  in  reference  to  the  characteristics,  which  the 
stock  bred  from  his  Norman  stallions  are  likely  to  possess,  and 
to  the  most  judicious  mode  of  introducing  this  blood.  With 
most  of  Mr.  Harris's  views  I  most  cordially  agree,  especially  in 
his  positively  expressed  opinion,  that,  with  sufficient  niargin 
of  time  and  money  combined,  \vith  the  possession  of  a  large 
landed  estate,  he,  or  any  judicious  breeder  would  produce  t/ie 
very  hest  of  horses  for  all  purposes,  that  is  to  say  the  very  best 
horse  of  all  work,  by  breeding  from  the  thoroughbred  English 
racer. 

The  only  point  in  which  I  entirely  differ  from  him  is,*  as  to 
the  likelihood  that  the  produce  of  "  Diligence  " — that  is  to  say, 
of  a  pure  Norman  stallion,  "and  a  large-sized  thoroughbred 
mare  would  be  the  desired  result,"  that  result  being  "  a  carriage 
horee  sufficiently  fashionable  for  the  city  market." 

"  Should  this  fail,"  he  adds,  "  I  feel  confident  that  another 
cross  from  these  colts  " — that  is  to  say,  from  stallions,  the  pro- 
duce of  a  Norman  horse  and  a  thoroughbred  mare — "  will  give 
you  tlie  Morgan  hoi"se  on  a  larger  scale." 

In  all  this  I  utterly  disagree  with  Mr.  Harris,  and  am  cer- 
tain that  he  is  in  error — he  admits  that  his  horse  Diligence  has 
not  had  thoroughbred  mares  stinted  to  him,  but  that  •'  the  mares 


'^••M<*wm»aMS5ar 


8S6 


THE   HORSE. 


with  which  he  breeda  the  best,  are  the  mares  which  you  would 
choose  to  breed  a  good  carriage-horse  from,  with  a  good  length 
of  neck,  and  tail  coming  out  on  a  line  with  the  .back,  to  correct 
the  two  prominent  faults  in  the  form  of  tlie  breed,  the  short 
neck  and  the  steep  rump." 

This  is  doubtless  true,  and  from  the  mares  produced  by  this 
cross,  bred  once  to  a  fine  thoroughbred,  I  have  no  fear  that  he 
would  obtain  the  stamp  of  carriage-horse,  which  he  desires, 
and  from  a  second  cross  of  the  mares  so  got  to  thoroughbred, 
again,  that  the  result  would  be  an  improved  type  of  the  Morgan 

horse. 

I  would  not  hesitate,  moreover,  a  moment  to  stmt  Morgan 
mares  to  either  these  pure  Norman  stallions,  or  good  Canadians, 
with  a  view  to  obtaining  improved  bone  and  size  without  loss 
of  spirit,  by  a  recurrence  to  what  I  do  not  doubt  to  be  one  of 
the  original  sources  of  the  Morgan  stock,  and  then  to  breeding 
the  mares,  so  improved  in  stature,  to  the  best  formed  and  most 
compact  hunter- getting  thoroughbred  stallions  I  could  find. 

Morgan  stallions,  with  all  deference,  I  would  not  use  at  all— 
at  all  events  only  for  covering  large,  roomy,  cold-blooded  mares, 
for  which  purpose  they  would  be  identical,  as  to  the  object, 
though  far  inferior  in  degree,  with  the  thoroughbred  horse. 

Mr.  Harris's  well-written  and  intelligent  letter  speaks  for 
itself,  and  with  it  I  shall  close  this  portion  of  my  work.  I  had 
intended  to  add  some  account  of  the  cavalry  horse  of  the  United 
States,  but,  on  reference  to  headquarters,  I  find  that  there  is  no 
such  distinctive  animal— that  there  is  no  regular  standard  of 
blood,  size,  w  form  required,  and  no  organized  regulations, 
either  for  purchasing  or  examining  the  animals— the  whole  sys- 
tem of  the  cavalry  service— that  ai-m  having  been  confined  al- 
most entirely  to  the  frontiers— being  in  embryo,  and,  as  I  am 
given  to  understand,  at  this  moment  in  progress  of  reconstruc- 
tion and  organization  de  novo,  after  the  best  experiences,  under 
a  competent  board  of  officers. 

"Moorestown,  April  6,  1850. 

"My  dear  Sir— Your  kind  favor  of  the  last  of  March,  has 
been  duly  received.  I  regret  that,  in  consequence  of  the  de- 
cease of  a  near  relative,  it  has  been  out  of  my  power  to  prepare 
my  answer  as  soon  as  you  desired- 


1  you  would 
good  length 
[,  to  correct 
'd,  the  short 

leod  by  this 

fear  that  he 

he  desires, 

loroughbred, 

the  Morgau 

stint  Morgan 
d  Canadians, 
without  loss 
0  be  one  of 
to  breeding 
ed  and  most 
uld  find, 
t  use  at  all — 
ooded  mareS; 
0  the  object, 
sd  horse. 
3r  speaks  for 
work.     I  had 
of  the  United 
at  there  is  no 
standard  of 
regulations, 
he  whole  sys- 
confined  al- 
and, as  I  am 
)f  reconstruc- 
iences,  under 

AprU  6,  I860. 

)f  March,  has 
36  of  the  de- 
er to  prepare 


PEROHERON  NOKMANS. 


327 


"  I  thank  you,  my  dear  sir,  for  the  order  you  liave  suggested 

to  be  observed  in  my  communication.     You  will  soon  perceive 

that  I  am  by  no  means  a  practised  writer,  therefore  your  sug- 

•  gcstions  are  the  more  acceptable  in  aiding  me  to  draw  up  ray 

'plain,  unvarnished  tale.' 

"  These  horses  first  came  under  my  observation  on  a  journey 
through  France  m  the  year  1831.  I  was  struck  with  the  im- 
mense power  displayed  by  them  in  drawing  the  heavy  dili- 
gences of  that  country,  at  a  pace  which,  although  not  as  rapid 
as  the  stage-coach  travelling  of  England,  yet  at  such  a  pace,  say 
from  five  to  nine  miles  per  hour,  the  lowest  rate  of  which  I  do 
not  hesitate  to  say,  would,  in  a  short  time,  kill  the  English  horse 
if  placed  before  the  same  load.  In  confirmation  of  this  opinion 
I  will  give  you  an  extract  from  an  article  on  the  Norman  horse 
in  the  British  Quarterly  Journal  of  Agriculture,  which  I  quoted 
in  my  communication  to  the  Farmer's  Cabinet  of  Philadelphia, 
in  1842,  as  follows ; 

" '  Tlie  writer,  in  giving  an  account  of  the  origin  of  the 
horse,  which  agrees  in  tracing  it  to  the  Spanish  horse-  '•f 
Arabian  ancestry — with  the  account  which  I  have  given  above, 
which  I  procured  from  French  sources,  says,  "  Tlie  horses  of 
Normandy  are  a  capital  race  for  hard  vjork  and  scanty  fa/re. 
[  have  never  seen  such  horses  at  the  collar,  under  the  diligence, 
the  post-carriage,  the  cumbrous  and  heavy  voiture  or  cabriolet 
for  one  or  two  horses,  or  the  farm-cart.  Tliey  are  endwring  and 
energetic  leyond  description  ;  with  their  necks  cut  to  the  bone, 
they  flinch  not ;  they  put  forth  all  iheir  eiforts  at  the  voice  of 
the  brutal  driver,  or  at  the  dreaded  sound  of  his  never-ceasing 
whip ;  they  keep  their  condition  when  other  horaep  would  die  of 
neglect  and  ha/rd  treatment.  A  better  cross  for  some  of  our 
horses  can  not  be  imagined  than  those  of  Normandy,  provided 
they  have  not  the  ordinary  failing,  of  too  much  length  from  the 
bock  downwards,  and  a  heavy  head."  I  think  that  all  who 
have  paid  attention  to  this  particular  breed  of  Norman  horses 
— the  Percheron,  which  stands  A  No.  1 — will  bear  me  out  in 
the  assertion  that  the  latter  part  of  this  quotation  will  not  apply 
to  them,  and  that,  on  the  contrary,  they  are  short  from  the  hock 
downwards;  that  their  heads  are  short,  with  the  true  Arabian 
face,  and  not  thicker  than  fhey  should  be  to  correspond  with 


328 


THE  nOKSE. 


the  stoutness  of  their  bodies  At  all  events  yon  cnn  witness 
that  Diligence  has  not  these  failings,  whicli,  wlicn  absent,  an 
Englishman— evidently,  from  his  article  a  good  horseman- 
thinks,  constitutes  the  Norman  horse  the  best  imaginal)le  horso 
for  a  cross  upon  the  English  liorse  of  a  certain  description. 
Again  ho  says,  "They  are  very  gentle  and  docile;  a  kicking  or 
vicious  horse  is  almost  unknown  there ;  any  person  may  pass  in 
security  at  a  fair  at  the  heels  of  hundreds.' " 

"  My  own  impressions  being  fortitied  by  such  authority  from 
Buch  a  source— where  we  look  for  little  praise  of  any  thing 
French— and  numerous  others,  verbal  and  written,  I  made  up 
my  mind  to  return  to  Franco  at  an  early  day,  and  select  a  stal- 
lion at  least,  as  an  experiment  in  crossing  ui)on  the  liglit  mares 
of  New  Jersey.     My  intention  was  unavoidably  delayed  until 
the  year  1839,  when  1  went  seriously  to  work  to  purchase  two 
stallions  aJid  two  mares  with  the  aid  of  a  veterinary  surgeon  of 
Havre,  Monsieur  St.  Marc,  to  whose  knowledge  of  the  various 
distinct  breeds  which  exist  in  France,  and  his  untiring  zeal  in 
aiding  my  enterprise,  I  take  great  pleasure  in  making  acknowl- 
edgments.    The  animals  in  due  time  were  procured,  but  the 
last  which  was  brought  for  my  decision,  although  a  fine  stallion^ 
showed  such  evident  signs  of  a  cross  of  the  English  blood— af- 
terwards acknowledged  by  the  owner— that  I  rejected  him,  and 
the  packet  being  about  to  sail,  and  preparations  being  made  for 
the  shipment,  I  was  obliged  to  put  the  stallion  and  two  mares 
on  board,  no  time  being  left  to  look  up  another  stallion.     Here 
another  difBculty  arose— I  could  find  no  competent  groom  in 
Havre  to  take  charge  of  them  on  the  voyage,  and  deliver  them 
in  New  York.    I  was  obliged  to  make  an  arrangement  witli  one 
of  the  steerage  passengers,  a  German,  who  had  never  been  to 
sea  before,  to  attend  to  them  to  the  best  of  his  ability.     As  you 
may  suppose,  I  did  not  feel  very  well  satisfied  with  this  arrange- 
ment.    I  therefore  wrote  to  M.  Meurice  of  Paris,  to  take  chflrge 
of  my  baggage  which  I  had  left  at  his  hotel,  and  the  next  morn- 
ing I  was  on  my  way  to  New  York  in  the  packet  ship  Iowa, 
Captain  Peck,  where  I  lived  in  the  round-house  on  deck,  with 
himself  and  oflicers.     It  was  the  Iowa's  first  voyage,  and  her 
cabin  had  not  been  finished,  so  great  was  the  fear  of  the  owners, 
at  that  time,  that  their  '  occupation  was  gone '  of  carrying  cabin 


I 


pan  witness 
iibsoiit,  an 
lorscrnan — 
jialdc  liorso 
k'Hcription. 
kicking  or 
inay  ])U8s  in 

liority  from 
imv  tliinf^ 
inado  np 
'li'ct,  11  shil- 
igiit  inaros 
layed  nntil 
rcliaso  two 
snrgcon  of 
the  various 
ing  zeal  in 
g  acknowl- 
ed,  but  the 
ine  stallion^ 
blood — ai- 
3d  him,  and 
ig  made  for 
two  marcs 
lion.     Here 
t  groom  in 
eliver  them 
nt  with  one 
er  been  to 
y.     As  you 
lis  arrange- 
;ake  chflrge 
next  morn- 
ship  Iowa, 
deck,  with 
je,  and  her 
the  owners, 
•ying  cabin 


DILIGENCE. 


329 


passcngere,  in  consequence  of  the  recent  success  of  the  Englisli 
sea-steamers.  Wo  had  three  hundred  steerage,  and  I  was  the 
only  cahin  passenger.  The  horsoH  were  also  on  deck.  The  first 
night,  so  great  was  the  change  in  the  temperature,  on  the  occur- 
rence of  a  slight  storm,  that  all  the  horses  took  violent  ccdds, 
and,  unfortunately,  witli  the  best  use  1  could  make  of  M.  St. 
Marc's  medicine-chest,  and  his  very  judicious  directions  for  the 
treatment  of  the  horses  under  this  anticipated  state  of  afl'airs,  I 
could  not  prevent  the  death  of  tlie  stallion  from  inflamnuition 
of  the  lungs,  before  reaching  New  York.  The  mares  were 
landed  safely,  but  too  much  stift'ened  by  the  voyage  and  their 
sickness,  to  make  the  journey  at  once  across  the  Jerseys  on  foot. 
I  procured  a  trusty  man  to  accomjjany  them,  and  sent  them  by 
railroad  for  Burlington.  The  next  morning  I  had  the  mortifica- 
tion to  sec  my  man  returned  with  the  sad  news  that  the  finest 


mare  had  broken  through  the  bottom  of  the 


car,  and  fractured 


one  of  her  hind  legs.  Thus  left  with  one  horee  out  of  four  se- 
lected, tlie  onl}'  alternative  was  to  give  up.  or  go  bad:  for  more. 
I  did  not  hesitate  about  the  latter,  and  in  three  weeks  I  was 
steaming  it  on  board  the  Great  Western.  My  next  purchase 
was  "  Diligence,"  another  stallion,  and  two  m  res.  This  time 
I  was  more  fortunate,  and  procured  an  excellent  groom  to  ac- 
company them,  who  succeeded  in  getting  them  safely  to  New 
York  and  to  Moorestown,  carefully  shunning  the  railroad,  I 
have,  since  that  time,  lost  one  of  the  mares,  and  the  other  stal- 
lion went  blind  after  making  one  season.  Not  wishing  to  run 
the  risk  of  perpetuating  a  race  of  horees  with  weak  eyes,  I  have 
not  since  permitted  him  to  cover  mares;  though  I  must  say 
for  him  that  his  colts  have  all  good  eyes,  and  stand  high  in 
public  favor. 

"  Those  who  are  acquainted  with  the  thoroughbred  Canadian 
horee,  will  see  in  liim  a  perfect  model,  on  a  small  scale,  of  the 
Percheron  horse.  This  is  the  peculiar  breed  of  Normandy, 
which  are  used  so  extensively  throughout  the  northern  half  of 
France  for  diligence  and  post-horses,  and  from  the  best  French 
authorities  I  could  command — I  cannot  now  quote  the  precise 
authorities — I  learned  that  they  were  produced  by  the  cross  of 
the  Andalusian  horse  upon  the  old  heavy  Norman  horee,  whose 
portrait  may  still  be  seen  as  a  war-horse  on  the  painted  windows 


330 


THE  aOBSE. 


of  tho  Cutht'drnl  of  Rouen,  sevcnil  ccnfurios  old.  At  the  time 
of  tlio  occupution  of  tho  NothorhuKls  by  the  SpnniardH,  tho 
Aiuhihisiuii  WUH  the  favorite  HtuUion  of  tlie  north  of  Europe,  and 
thu8  a  Htanip  of  tlie  true;  l>arh  wan  iniphinted,  which  reinaiuH  to 
tho  present  day.  If  you  will  allow  me  to  digress  a  moment,  I 
will  give  you  a  nhort  deHcription  of  tho  old  N(jrinaii  draught- 
horse  on  which  the  cross  wan  nuide.  They  average  full  nixteen 
lyinds  in  height,  with  head  short,  thick,  wide  and  hollow  be- 
tween the  eye"  ,  jaws  lieavy ;  ears  short  and  pointed  well  for- 
wards ;  neck  very  short  and  thick  ;  mane  heavy  ;  shoulder  well 
inclined  backwards ;  back  extremely  short ;  rump  stei'p  ;  cpiar- 
ters  very  broad  ;  chest  deep  and  wide  ;  tendons  large ;  muscles 
excessively  developed;  legs  very  short,  particularly  from  the 
knee  and  hock  to  the  fetlock,  ■  nd  thence  to  the  coronet,  which 
is  covered  with  long  hair,  hiding  half  the  hoof;  much  hair  on 
the  legs. 

"  Tlio  bono  and  nmscle,  and  much  of  the  form  of  the  Perche- 
ron  is  derived  from  this  horse,  and  he  gets  his  spirit  and  action 
from  the  Andahisian.  Docility  comes  from  both  sides.  On 
the  expulsion  of  tho  Spaniards  from  tho  north,  the  supply  of 
Andalusian  stallions  was  cut  otf,  and  since  that  time  in  the  Perche 
district  in  Normandy,  their  progeny  has  doubtless  been  bred  in- 
and-in  ;  hence  the  remarkable  uniformity  of  the  breed,  and  the 
disposition  to  impart  their  form  to  their  progeny  beyond  any 
breed  of  domestic  animals  within  my  knowledge.  Another  cir- 
cumstance which  I  think  has  tended  to  perpetuate  the  good 
qualities  of  these  horses,  is  the  fact  of  all  their  males  being 
kept  entire ;  a  gelding  is,  I  believe,  unknown  among  the  rural 
horses  of  France.  You  may  be  startled  at  this  notion  of  mine, 
but  if  you  reflect  a  moment,  you  mvst  perceive  that  in  such  a 
state  of  things — so  contrary  to  our  practice  and  that  of  the 
English — the  farmer  will  always  breed  from  the  best  horse,  and 
ho  will  have  an  opportunity  of  judging,  because  the  horse  has 
been  broken  to  harness  and  his  qualities  known  before  he  could 
command  business  as  a  stallion.  Hence,  too,  their  indifference 
to  pedigree. 

"  If  the  success  of  Diligence  as  a  stallion  is  any  evidence  of 
the  value  of  the  breed,  I  can  state,  that  he  has  averaged  eighty 
mares  per  season  for  the  ten  seasons  he  has  made  in  this  conn- 


iMMiiiiii 


COLTS  OF  DILIOKNCB. 


881 


t  tlio  time 
iiiardH,  the 
uiropo,  and 
iviiiniiiH  to 
iiiomciit,  I 
in  (Irauglit- 
fiill  Hixtceu 
hollow  he- 
ed well  for- 
loulder  well 
iteep ;  qiiar- 
:fe ;  JiiusJcleH 
\y  iroin  the 
•oiiot,  which 
iich  hair  on 

the  Perche- 
t  and  action 

sides.  On 
10  supply  of 
n  the  Perche 
)een  bred  in- 
deed, and  the 
beyond  any 
Another  cir- 
ite  the  good 
males  being 
ig  the  rural 
ion  of  mine, 
at  in  such  a 

that  of  the 
it  horse,  and 
e  horse  has 
are  he  could 
indifference 

evidence  of 
aged  eighty 
n  this  coiia- 


try,  and  as  ho  is  a  very  sure  toal-getter,  ho  must  luive  produced 
at  h'liHt  four  hundred  colts  ;  uiid  as  I  huve  never  yet  heiinl  of  a 
colt  of  his  that  would  not  readily  bring  one  hundred  dollars, 
and  nuiny  of  them  mueh  higher  prices,  you  can  judge  of  the 
benefit  which  has  accrued  from  his  services.  I  have  yet  to  learn 
that  he  has  produe«!d  one  worthlens  eolt,  nor  have  I  heard  of 
one  that  is  spavined,  cur])ed,  ringboned,  or  has  any  of  those  de- 
fects which  render  utterly  useless  so  largo  a  number  of  the  line- 
bred  colts  of  the  present  day.  The  o})inion  of  good  judges  here 
is,  that  we  have  never  had,  in  this  i)art  of  the  country  at  least, 
BO  valuable  a  stock  of  horses  for  farming  jmrposes;  and  further, 
that  no  horse  that  ever  stood  in  this  section  of  the  country  hag 
produced  the  same  number  of  colts  whose  aggregate  value  hag 
been  ecpuil  to  that  of  the  colts  of  Diligence ;  for  the  reason 
that,  although  there  may  have  been  individuals  among  them 
which  would  comnumd  a  much  higher  price  than  any  of  those 
of  Diligence,  yet  the  number  of  blemished  and  indiffcfrent  colts 
lias  been  so  great,  as  quite  to  turn  the  scale  in  his  favor. 

"  In  reply  to  your  queries,  I  would  say  to  the  first,  that 
Diligence  has  not  been  crossed  at  all  with  thoroughbred  mareg 
— such  a  thing  is  almost  unknown  here  at  the  present  day  ;  but 
those  mares  the  nearest  approaching  to  it  have  produced  the 
cleanest,  neatest,  and  handsomest  colts,  though  hardly  large 
enough  to  connnand  the  best  prices.  Those  I  know  of  that 
cross  are  excellent  performers. 

"  2.  Tlie  style  of  mares  with  which  Diligence  breeds  best,  ap- 
pears to  me  to  be  the  mare  which  you  would  choose  to  breed 
carriage-horses  from,  with  a  good  length  of  neck,  and  tail  com- 
ing out  on  a  line  with  the  back,  to  correct  the  two  prominent 
faults  in  form  of  the  breed,  the  short  neck  and  steep  rump. 

"  3.  What  is  the  result  of  the  cross  with  different  styles — as 
regards  size  and  shape  ? — ^This  may  be  answered  in  a  general 
way  by  stating,  the  size  will  depend  somewhat  upon  the  size 
of  the  mare,  with  due  allown.uce  for  casting  after  back  stock, 
which  will  be  well  underetood  by  breeders.  As  regards  shape, 
you  may  depend  ujjon  the  predominance  of  the  form  of  the 
horse  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten  ;  indeed,  I  have  only  seen  one  of 
his  colts  that  I  could  not  instantly  recognize  from  the  form. 
The  reason  will  occur  to  you  from  what  I  have  said  of  the  extreme 


889 


Tine    IIOK8E. 


purity  of  tlio  Itrood  ;  such  m  tlicy  nro  tlioy  linvo  liccn  for  cen- 
tiirii'H  ;  nnd  (•oiild  yoii  find  luiotlicr  race  of  horses  of  entirely 
different  form  in  the  eanio  eiitepiry  nn  reiffinls  their  jKfdijjrce, 
my  belief  is,  that  when  you  hhould  seo  the  first  colt  from  thorn, 
you  would  Hee  the  iriodel  of  all  that  were  to  follow. 

"4.  Van  yo\i  bree<l  carriafre-horHes  Hutlieiently  fashionalile 
for  the  city  nuirkets?  I  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  it  cannot  bo 
done  with  the  first  ^^ross,  niere  is  too  much  coarseness  al)out 
theiii,  which  nuist  be  worn  down  by  judicious  crossing;  and  I 
think  a  stallitiii  got  by  Dilii^^enee  upon  a  largo-si/cd  throiighbred 
niaro,  would  go  very  far  towards  producing  the  desired  result. 
Should  this  fail,  I  feel  very  confident  that  another  cross  from 
these  colts  on  the  thoroughbred  mare,  will  give  j'oii  the  ilfor- 
gan  harm  on  a  larger  soalt:  I  still  hold  to  the  opinion  I  ex- 
pre-sed  to  you  years  ago,  that  the  action  of  our  common  horses 
wcadd  be  improved  by  this  cross.  His  colts  have  higher  action 
than  their  dams,  and  generidly  keep  their  feet  better  niulei- 
them  ;  in  other  words,  they  pick  them  up  quicker,  not  suffering 
them  to  rest  so  long  uj)on  the  ground. 

"  Your  fifth  and  sixth  questions  M'ill  be  answered  by  what  f 
have  further  to  say  in  regard  to  the  progeny  of  Diligence. 

"  I  may  safely  say  they  are  universally  docile  and  kind,  at 
the  same  time  spirited  and  lively.  Tliey  break  in  without  any 
difficulty.  As  regards  their  speed,  I  do  not  know  of  any  that 
can  be  called  fast  horses,  though  many  smart  ones  among  ordi- 
nary road  horses.  Diligence,  as  1  have  said  elsewhere,  was 
chosen — for  obvious  reasons — as  a  full-sized  specimen  of  the 
breed.  As  for  speed  in  trotting,  we  cannot  doubt  its  being  in 
the  breed,  when  we  look  at  the  instances  among  the  thorough- 
bred Canadian  ponies.  Could  I  have  made  my  selection  from 
the  stallions  which  I  rode  behind  in  the  diligences,  I  could  have 
satisfied  the  most  fastidious  on  this  point ;  but,  UTifortunately, 
these  horees  all  belonged  to  the  government,  and  are  never  sold 
until  past  service.  My  main  object  was  to  produce  a  valuable 
farm-hoi-se.  Tlie  chance  of  fast  colts  is  not  very  great ;  because 
those  persons  having  fast  mares  to  breed  from,  naturally  look 
for  a  fast  stallion,  and  failing  to  find  him,  take  one  of  the  best 
English  blood  they  can  find ;  and  should  they  occur,  they  will 
be  mares,  or,  ten  to  one,  horses,  gelded  before  their  good  quali- 


THE    BTrn   FAUM. 


888 


n  for  con- 
I  "I"  entirely 
iM'diirrcc, 
'ii>in  tlicrn, 

[asliinnalilo 

CUIUKlf  1)0 

I'lcss  ulxnit 
;  niid  I 

iroii^rlihrcd 

I't'il     IVHlllt. 

cross  from 

I  the  Mor- 

II  ion  I  c'X- 
I'lii  IiorHi'.s 

rlxT  action 

tcr  under 

it  Kufferinff 

hy  what  I 
ton  CO. 

fl  kind,  al 
ithout  any 
'f  any  tJiat 
nong  ordi- 
■Iiere,  was 
3n  of  tlie 
I  being  in 
tlioronjrh- 
tion  from 
ould  liave 
I'tunately, 
ever  sold 

valuable 
;  because 
■ally  look 

the  best 
they  will 
)d  quali- 


ties arc  diRCOvcrcd.  l'erha]is  Home  part  of  what  I  »\y  abovo 
will  be  inore  clear  to  yon  if  I  say,  that  I  hold  to  tiie  opinion 
that  the  Perchen  .i  blood  still  exists  in  (Jaiuidu  in  all  its   purity. 

"  Vou  will  iliink,  perhaps,  that  I  have  sai<l  <piite  enough 
about  my  humbh*  hobby,  and  you  will  have  foimd  out  too,  that 
I  liave  no  iciea,  contrary  to  your  good-iuitured  warning,  of  nuik- 
ing  'swans  of  my  geese.'  What  I  should  like  to  see  would  bo 
further  importations  of  these  horses,  thereby  multiplying  the 
chances  for  a  happy  hit  in  crossing,  and  to  draw  i)Hblic  atten- 
tion to  thoin,  which  would  do  more  for  them  than  writing  till 
doomsday.  So  far  from  c<»nsidering  theses  horses  as  capiible  by 
any  crossing  of  producing  the  very  best  of  horses  for  all  pur- 
poses, that  is  to  say,  the  best  horse-of-all-M-ork,  I  lielieve  that  if 
I  had  my  time  to  live  over  aga'n,  had  a  very  large  landed  estate, 
an  uiilimiled  supply  of  '■the  tltiKty^  I  could  ])ro<luce  that  horse 
by  breeding  from  the  thoroughbred  Knglish  racer.  It  would 
not  be  (liflicult  now  to  select,  to  start  from,  stallions  and  nuirea 
possessing  all  the  reciuisitos  of  size,  form,  temper,  &c. ;  but  each 
of  these  individuals  is  such  a  comj)ound  of  all  kinds  of  ancies- 
tors,  good,  bad,  and  indifl'erent,  that  you  would  be  obliged  from 
their  progeny  to  select  and  reject  so  often,  for  faults  of  size  and 
form,  and  for  blemishes  and  vices,  that  your  allotted  days  would 
bo  near  a  close  before  you  produced  any  thing  like  uniformity 
in  the  breed.  Still,  we  see  what  has  been  done  by  liakcwell 
and  others  in  breeding  stock  ;  thereforo  I  contend,  u  la  Sam 
Patch,  that  what  has  been  dotn-  may  be  done  again. 

"  I  therefore  am  decidedly  of  opinion,  that  wo  cannot  do 
better,  if  wo  Avish  to  produce  in  any  reasonable  time  a  most  in- 
valuable race  of  horses  for  the  farm  and  the  road,  than  to  breed 
from  the  full-sized  Norman  or  Percheron  horse. 
"1  remain,  yours  very  sincerely, 

"  Edwaud  IIarkis." 


THE  RTtJD  FABM. 


The  necessity  for  a  farm,  with  all  the  buildings  suitable  to  a 
breeding  stud  of  race-horses,  is  self-evident,  inasmuch  as  the 
mares  and  colts  of  that  valuable  nature,  and  also  of  such  in- 
tractable dispositions,  that  ordinary  accommodation  would  be 


884 


THE   HORSE. 


: 


insufric'ient.  But  ever  more  do  they  require  herbage  of  a  pecu- 
liar kir.d,  full  of  tine  clover,  yet  free  from  the  coarse  grasses, 
and  the  land  well  drained,  and  of  a  sandy  or  chalky  subsoil. 
Tlie  presence  of  these  characteristics  has  made  Yorkshire  so  pro- 
minent as  a  Ijreeding  locality,  and  its  thoroughbreds,  as  well  as 
its  horses  of  inferior  blood,  have  always  stood  high  in  the  scale. 
On  the  other  hand,  low,  marshy  situations  are  unfavorable  to 
tlie  development  of  the  horse,  and  cause  him  to  be  coarse,  un- 
wieldy, anil  generally  unsound.  In  selecting  a  breeding  farm, 
therefore,  the  first  and  the  most  absolutely  essential  point,  is  the 
soil,  and  by  consequence  the  herbage.  The  surface  should  be 
undulating,  but  not  very  hilly,  giving  just  sufficient  alteration 
to  teach  the  young  stock  the  difference  between  up-hill  and 
down,  and  enabling  the'u  to  acquire  the  power  of  mastering 
themselves  over  borh  variations  of  surface.  The  size  of  the 
enclosures  may  easily  be  altered,  if  too  large  or  too  small ;  but  it 
would  be  well,  and  would  save  much  subsequent  trouble  and 
expense,  if  a  farm  coidd  be  found  divided  into  small  enclosures 
by  banks  and  strong  thorn  hedges,  and  without  deep  ditches, 
which  are  always  a  source  of  danger  to  both  colt  and  dam. 
Walls  are  very  good  divisions,  if  they  are  high  enough,  andthe 
earth  is  raised  against  their  foundations  ;  but  they  are  not  equal 
to  good  banks,  with  thorn  hedges  upon  them. 

A  certain  number  of  Jiovels  proportioned  to  the  mares  must 
be  put  up,  ii'  they  are  not  already  in  existence,  and  tliey  may 
most  economically  be  built  by  plac-'ng  four  together  where  four 
paddocks  meet ;  or,  if  those  are  very  large,  l)y  building  in  the 
middle  of  one,  and  dividing  off  the  field  into  the  four  separate 
runs,  for  the  mares  and  foals.  But  though  this  plan  is  very  com- 
monly adopted  from  economical  motives,  it  is  not  a  good  one, 
because  the  aspect  of  two  of  the  hovels  must  be  northerly  or 
easterly,  both  of  which  are  cold  and  prejudicial  to  young  stock, 
besides  being  too  shady  during  the  early  spring.  It  slioidd, 
moreover,  be  remembered,  that  in  the  spring  time,  when  mares 
require  thei»raost  grass  they  exhaust  it  the  soonest,  and  therefore 
it  will  not  be  advisable  to  allot  them  too  small  a  run,  but  rather 
to  give  each  hovel  a  double  one,  in  order  that  as  soon  as  the 
ma"e  has  cropped  one  half  close  she  may  have  a  change  into 
the  other.    Tlie  annexed  plan  of  a  pair  of  hovels,  with  yards  and 


■MMIMHHMB 


HOVELS    FOB   STOCK. 


335 


^e  of  a  pecu- 
larse  grasses, 
lalky  subsoil, 
sliire  so  pro- 
Js,  as  well  as 
in  the  scale, 
liUvorable  to 
e  coaree,  iin- 
■eediiig  farm, 
point,  is  the 
ice  should  be 
lit  altevation 
np-hiU  and 
of  mastering 
size  of  the 
small ;  but  it 
t  trouble  and 
all  enclosures 
deep  ditches, 
olt  and  dam. 
)ugh,  and  the 
are  not  equal 

e  mares  must 

nd  they  may 

er  where  four 

ilding  in  the 

four  separate 

is  very  com- 

a  good  one, 

northerly  or 

young  stock, 

.     It  should, 

when  mares 

and  therefore 

n,  but  rather 

i  soon  as  the 

change  into 

ith  yards  and 


paddocks,  will  afford  a  good  idea  of  the  very  highest  accommo- 
dation which  can  be  desired.  They  may  be  built  of  brick,  stone, 
or  timber,  according  to  the  taste  and  purse  of  the  proprietor. 
In  all  cases  the  size  shoidd  be  about  15  feet  by  12  feet  for  both 
hovels  and  yards,  and  the  aspect  should  be  invariably  to  the 
south,  either  facing  that  quarter  or  a  point  or  two  to  the  east  or 
west  of  it.  The  door  should  never  open  in  any  other  direction, 
because  it  often  happens  in  early  spring  that  the  weather  is  too 
cold  and  wet  to  turn  the  mare  and  foal  out,  and  yet  the  sun 
may  be  admitted  by  opening  the  upper  half  of  the  door  with 
great  advantage  to  the  young  aniinal,  Avhich  requires  sun  as 
much  as  its  mother's  milk.  When  materials  are  very  expensive, 
and  money  is  limited,  a  hovel  of  12  feet  square  may  perhaps 
suffice ;  but  the  extra  length  will  be  well  bestowed,  and  it  should 
always  be  calculated  on  as  desirable,  if  not  absolutely  needful. 
With  regard  to  height,  I  should  say  that  eight  feet  is  a  good  and 
sufficient  amount  of  head-room,  for  as  these  boxes  are  never  air- 
tight, it  is  not  important  that  they  should  be  very  lofty,  and  if 
made  too  high  they  become  very  cold  in  the  long  winter  nights, 
whereas  if  kept  down  to  eight  feet,  the  warmth  of  the  mare's 
body  raises  the  temperature  sufficiently  to  protect  the  foal  from 
an  excessive  reduction  during  a  frost.  In  all  cases  the  roof 
should  be  thatched,  which  material  is  cool  in  summer  and  warm 
in  winter  ;  and  as  these  hovels  are  always  at  a  distance  from  the 
main  dwelling,  it  is  not  here  objectionable  on  account  of  its  ten- 
dency to  burn.  Next  to  thatch,  tiles  offer  the  most  equal  tem- 
perature ;  but  they  are  not  in  this  respect  to  be  compared  to  it, 
though  far  superior  to  slates.  The  walls  may  be  of  brick  or 
stone,  which  are  the  best  and  most  desirable  materials,  and 
equally  good  in  every  respect,  the  choice  being  given  to  that 
which  is  the  cheapest  in  the  locality.  Boarding  is  a  bad  mate- 
rial, as  it  can  scarcely  be  made  warm  and  air-tight,  and  is  liable 
to  give  cold  by  allowing  small  currents  or  draughts  of  air  to  play 
upon  both  mare  and  foal,  which  is  worse  than  leaving  them  ex- 
posed to  the  open  air.  In  every  case  the  doors  should  be  wide 
and  high,  viz.,  seven  feet  six  by  four  feet  six,  and  all  angles 
rounded  off;  to  which  precaution  a  roller  on  the  door-post  is  a 
very  useful  addition,  i.  s  a  prevention  from  accidents.  Tlie  yard 
Bhould  be  walled  in,  or  divided  off  by  a  wooden  partition,  or  a 


886 


THE  HOESE. 


gorse  fence,  either  of  which  should  be  seven  feet  high.  The  door 
to  the  liovel  shouUl  be  of  pirn  or  oak,  and  made  in  two  portions, 
BO  as  to  allow  the  lower  half  to  be  shut  without  the  upper  one, 
in  order  that  air  may  bo  admitted  at  times  when  the  weather 
will  not  allow  of  the  mare  and  foal  leaving  the  hovel ;  a  small 
window  should  be  inserted  in  the  wall,  and  the  mangers  made 
in  the  following  manner ; — In  one  corner  a  manger  of  good 
height  should  be  placed  for  the  mare,  with  a  ring  above,  to 
which  she  may  be  tied  ;  and  in  the  other,  a  lower  one  for  the 
foal,  by  which  arrangement  the  mare  is  unable,  when  tied  up,  to 
deprive  her  foal  of  his  corn.  The  hay-rack  is  better  made  on 
the  outside  of  the  wall,  so  that  the  groom  may  be  able  to  re- 
plenish it  without  entering  the  hovel ;  and  this  is  easily  effected 
by  placing  it  as  an  excrescence  on  the  outside,  with  a  lid  to  turn 
the  wet  off,  and  with  bars  on  the  inside.  This  plan  prevents  all 
chance  of  accident  from  the  gambols  of  the  foal,  which  often 
Iciid  it  into  mischief,  if  the  arrangements  are  such  as  to  give  it 
any  possible  opportunity.  In  the  thirc  corner,  unoccupied  by 
the  door,  should  be  a  water-tank,  whiiih  may  be  of  iron,  and 
should  always  be  replenished  with  fresh  soft  water  from  a  river, 
pond,  or  rain-water  tank.  The  floor  should  be  paved  with  flints, 
stones,  or  hard  bricks,  and  a  well- trapped  drain  placed  in  the 
centre.  The  yard  also  should  be  paved  in  the  same  way,  though 
this  is  not  dO  essential ;  and  it  is  sometimes  kept  replenished 
with  burnt  clay,  which  thus  serves  the  double  purpose  of  ab- 
sorbing all  the  urine,  &c.,  and  keeping  it  free  from  putrefaction, 
which  the  clay  has  the  power  of  doing.  It  is  changed  as  often 
as  it  is  saturated,  and  is  then  removed  to  a  situation  remote 
from  the  mares  and  foals.  The  partition  between  the  two  ya'  ds 
ehould  be  partially  open,  so  as  to  allow  the  foals  to  become  ac- 
quainted with  each  other  before  they  are  turned  out  together, 
which  they  generally  are  at  weaning  time  ;  and  if  then  strange 
to  one  another,  they  pine  for  their  dams  much  more  than  they 
do  when  they  have  had  the  pleasiire  of  a  previous  introduction. 
When  the  gorse  is  used  it  is  applied  as  follows ; — ^The  door-posts 
and  uprights  are  first  fixed,  and  should  be  either  of  oak — which 
is  best — or  of  good  sound  Memel  fir  ;  they  should  be  about  six 
inches  by  four,  and  should  be  fixed  six  feet  apart  with  three 
feet  sunk  in  the  ground.    After  thus  fixing  the  fi-ainework,  and 


mmmm 


M 


The  door 
o  portions, 
upper  one, 
le  weather 
;  a  small 
gers  made 
er  of  good 
al)ove,  to 
nm  for  the 
tied  up,  to 
ir  made  on 
able  to  re- 
ly effected 
lid  to  turn 
)revent8  all 
diich  often 
i  to  give  it 
jcupied  by 
^  iron,  and 
am  a  river, 
with  flints, 
ced  in  the 
^ay,  though 
•eplenished 
JOse  of  ab- 
itrefaction, 
ed  as  often 
ion  remote 
!  twoya'ds 
become  ac- 
t  together, 
en  strange 
than  they 
Toduction. 
door-posts 
ik — which 
about  six 
with  three 
work,  and 


^MWHtor 


Ui'lM'><WiMKiM 


MMaMMMMNiiM 


OORSE  WALLS. 


337 


putting  on  the  wall-plate  and  rafters,  the  whole  internal  surface 
is  made  good  by  nailing  split  poles  of  larch,  or  other  timber, 
closely  together  across  the  uprights,  taking  especial  care  to 
round  off  the  ends  when  they  appear  at  the  door-posts.  Tlius 
the  whole  of  the  interior  is  tolerably  feuiooth,  and  no  accident 
can  happen  from  the  foal  getting  his  leg  into  any  crevice  be- 
tween the  poles,  if  care  is  taken  to  nail  them  Gecurely,  and  to 
leave  no  space  between  them.  When  this  internal  framework 
is  finished,  the  gorse  is  applied  outside  as  follows ;  It  is  first 
cut  into  small  branches,  leaving  a  foot-stalk  to  each,  about 
twelve  or  fifteen  inches  in  length  ;  these  branches  are  arranged 
in  layers  between  the  uprights,  the  sta.Ls  pointing  upwards 
and  inwards,  and  the  prickly  ends  downwards  and  outwards. 
When,  by  a  succession  of  layers  of  these  brushy  stalks,  a  height 
of  eighteen  inches  has  been  raised,  a  etoiit  and  tough  pole, 
about  the  size  of  an  ordinary  broomstick,  and  six  foet  long,  is 
laid  upon  the  middle  of  the  gorse,  and  so  as  to  confine  it  against 
the  split  poles  and  between  the  uprights.  The  workmen  kneel 
upon  thia  pole,  and  by  its  means  compress  tlie  gorse  into  the 
smallest  possible  compass ;  and  while  thus  pressed  down,  and 
against  the  internal  framework,  it  is  confined  to  the  latter  by 
five  or  six  loops  of  strong  copper-wire.  When  this  is  properly 
done,  the  gorse  is  so  firmly  confined,  and  withal  so  closely 
packed,  that  neither  wind  nor  rain  can  penetrate,  nor  can  all 
the  mischief-loving  powers  of  the  foal  withdraw  a  single  stalk. 
After  fixing  the  first  layer,  a  second  is  built  up  in  the  same  way, 
and  when  neatly  done,  the  exterior  is  as  level  as  a  brick-wall ; 
but  if  there  are  any  very  prominent  brarches,  they  may  be 
sheared  oS  with  the  connnon  shears,  or  caken  off  with  the 
ordinary  hedging  bill-hook.  Wlien  it  is  desired  to  make  the 
exterior  look  very  smooth,  a  hay-trusser's  knife  is  used  ;  but  the 
natural  ends,  though  not  so  level,  are  a  much  better  defence, 
and  last  longer  than  the  cut  gorse.  In  the  interior  the  stalks 
sometimes  project,  and  if  so  they  must  be  smoothly  trimrac^  oflf. 
Tlie  fastenings  to  the  door  should  be  free  from  projections, 
and  nothing  answers  better  than  the  common  slide-bolt,  which 
no  foal  can  open.  All  the  wood-work  should  be  painted  with 
coarse  paint,  or  dressed  with  ta"*,  which  is  the  best  for  the  pur- 
pose, as  it  effectually  prevents  the  young  stock  from  licking 
Vol.  II.—22 


TT 


338 


THE  HOBSl!. 


and  biting  the  projections,  a  trick  which  often  ends  in  confinned 
crib-biting,  or  wind-sucking.  The  yards  should  have  two  gates, 
one  opening  into  each  separate  paddock,  so  that  the  one  may  be 
shut  up,  and  the  other  left  for  tliein  to  use  when  turned  out,  and 
thus  the  grass  allowed  to  make  head,  and  a  change  permitted  in 
tlie  pasture.  In  the  plan,  a  1  and  a  2  are  the  two  hovels,  b  1 
and  b  2  the  two  yards,  o  1  and  c  2  the  two  upper  paddocks,  and 
dl  and  d2  those  which  are  used  as  a  change.  By  closing 
either  of  the  two  gates  to  the  yards,  the  other  will  admit  the 
mare  and  foal  to  the  paddock  into  which  it  opens.  In  all  open- 
timber  partitions  plenty  of  hemlock  tips  should  be  inserted  to 
make  them  good,  in  order  to  prevent  the  foal  from  slipping  in 
his  gallops,  and  getting  hurt,  or  even  cast  under  the  bars.  This 
accident  has  ruined  many  a  foal,  and  the  only  certain  preven- 
tion is  to  make  up  all  timber  fences  by  the  above  materials,  one 
or  other  of  which  may  always  be  readily  procured. 


A  certain  portion  of  arable  should  always  be  held  with  the 
grass  land,  in  order  to  produce  Lucerne,  rye,  carrots,  &c.,  foi 
early  spring  feed.     It  must  be  recollected,  that  the  thorough- 


■MMMMMMStaMMM 


MANAGEMENT  OF  MARES. 


889 


confinned 
two  gates, 
no  may  be 
d  out,  and 
rniitted  in 
levels,  h  1 
docks,  and 
By  closing 
admit  the 
n  all  open- 
inserted  to 
slipping  in 
)ar8.     This 
in  preven- 
terials,  one 


bred  inare  is  required  to  foal  as  early  as  possible  in  the  year, 
because  the  produce  takes  uge  from  the  Ist  of  January,  and 
with  two-year-olds  a  month  or  two  is  of  great  importance.  In 
few  situations  is  there  much  grass  fit  for  the  nuire  before  the  Ist 
of  May,  and  therefore  cut  stuff  of  some  kind,  with  carrots  or 
turnips,  must  be  given.  These  can  only  be  produced  economi- 
cally on  the  stud-farm  itself,  and  provision  should  always  be 
made  for  an  early  supply.  Italian  rye-grass  is  generally  the 
,arliest  crop,  and  if  the  soil  suits  it  should  always  be  planted, 
turnips  do  pretty  well,  but  not  so  well  as  the  Italian  rye.  Car- 
I'ots  also  are  useful ;  but  in  all  cases  both  the  carrots  and  turnips 
should  be  cut  very  small,  for  fear  of  choking  the  foal,  or  even 
the  mare,  an  accident  which  has  happened  to  both  on  many  oc- 
casions. Lucerne  comes  in  soon  after  the  rye-grass,  and  is  an 
admirable  food  for  suckling  mares.  Vetches  are  both  too  late 
and  too  heating,  and  are  not  nearly  so  good  as  Lucerne. 


[d  with  the 
3ts,  &c.,  foi 
3  thorough- 


MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  MAKE. 

In  this  place,  in  the  usual  order  of  things,  it  might  be  ex- 
pected that  I  should  allude  to  the  selection  of  the  brood-mare, 
and  the  best  cross  for  her ;  but,  for  the  sake  of  simplicity,  it  will 
be  better  to  describe  the  general  management  of  the  breeding- 
stud,  and  the  breaking  and  training  of  young  stock ;  and  finally, 
to  consider  the  most  desirable  strains  for  breeding  race-horsea 
after  all  the  various  elements  of  success  on  the  turf  have  been 
thoroughly  investigated,  as  well  as  the  steeplechase,  hurdle- 
race,  &c.  This  is,  to  some  extent,  putting  the  cart  before  the 
horee,  but  as  it  will  make  this  mysterious  subject  more  intelli- 
gible, I  prefer  adopting  the  plan,  to  the  apparently  more  simple 
one  which  I  have  rejected, 

Tlie  duration  of  pregnancy  in  the  mare  is  eleven  months, 
and,  consequently,  she  should  never  be  put  to  the  horse  earlier 
than  the  end  of  the  first  week  in  February ;  indeed  there  is 
grettt  hazard  in  sending  her  before  the  middle  or  end  of  the 
month,  as  so  many  mares  drop  their  foals  a  fortnight  earlier 
than  the  full  time.  Should  this  occur  with  a  mare  stinted  on 
the  8th  or  9th  of  February,  the  foal  is  dropped  in  the  last  week 
of  December,  by  which  its  age  is  increased  one  year,  and  it  is 


310 


tUi.  iiOttSK. 


mined  for  all  weight  for  pgo  races,  and  in  fact  for  all  purposes. 
The  mare  should  be  allowed  to  be  at  large  in  the  fields  during 
the  day  time,  as  exercise  is  of  the  greatest  consequence  to  her 
hoiiltli ;  and  she  sliould  be  carefully  kept  from  the  sight  of  any 
oi>ject  whicli  can  terrify  or  distress  her,  such  as  pig-killing,  or 
the  sight  or  smell  of  bio  ^d  in  any  way.  Sometimes  an  epidemic 
causes  a  series  rf  jniscarriages  or  j)rematuro  slippings  of  the 
foals,  and  t  iV-.\  vy  maro  on  the  farm  is  affected  in  the  same 

way,  and  th       ioei  ifc  io  be  no  mode  of  preventing  this  untoward 
result.     WhcK  .lie  ma.    .    near  her  time,  she  shows  her  state  by 
the  tilling  of  the  udder,  and  by  the  falling  in  of  the  muscles  on 
each  side  of  the  crou]>,  which  the  farriers  call  the  "  sinking  of 
the  bones."     When  these  signs  appear  the  mare  should  be  con- 
stantly watched,  in  order  that  assistance  may  be  given  her  if 
there  is  any  difficulty  in  the  presentation.    The  usual  mode  for 
the  foal  to  come  into  the  world  is  with  both  fore-legs  firet,  and 
if  after  they  appear  the  nose  shortly  shows  itself,  all  nuiy  be 
considered  straiglitforward,  and  no  fears  need  be  entertained. 
Sometimes  with  a  large  foal  and  a  comparatively  small  pelvis,  a 
little  assistance  may  carefully  be  given  by  gently  drawing  upon 
the  legs  after  the  head  is  well  down  ;  but  tiiese  cases  are  un- 
usual, and  with  this  natural  presentation  it  is  seldom  required. 
If,  however,  there  is  any  other  kind  of  birth,  and  the  head  pre- 
sents without  the  legs,  or  the  hind  legs  firet,  or  if  the  head  is 
doubled  back  upon  the  body,  assistance  must  generally  be  ob- 
tained, unless  the  man  in  attendance  is  more  than  ordinarily 
skilful.     Turning  is  generally  the  expedient  which  is  had  re- 
course to  by  the  regular  practitioner,  but  it  requires  groat  care 
and  skill  to  accomplish  the  operation  without  danger  to  the  foal. 
As  soon  as  this  is  born  the  mare  should  be  allowed  to  clean  it, 
and  the  seciindines  are  removed  by  the  attendant ;  after  which 
the  mare  should  have  a  little  warm  gruel,  and,  if  very  much 
exhausted,  about  a  pint  of  strong  ale- -more  or  less  according  to 
circumstances — may  be  given  with  i',.     It  often  happens  with  the 
first  foal  that  the  mare  will  not  take  i^  it,  and  not  only  refuses  to 
clean  it,  but  actually  denies  it  the  proper  nourishment  from  her 
teats.     When  this  is  the  case,  the  man  should  milk  the  mare 
and  soothe  her,  and,  after  her  udder  is  son^ewhat  empty,  and  she 
is  relieved,  she  will  generally  allow  the  foal  to  suck.    They 


MMHS 


MANAOEMKNt  OF   FOAL8. 


341 


[ill  purposes, 
[ieldti  (luring 
loiieo  t(»  her 
light  of  any 
g-killing,  or 
[an  epidemic 
pings  of  the 
in  the  same 
lis  untoward 
Ikt  state  by 
j  nmscles  on 
"  sinking  of 
ould  be  con- 
given  her  if 
lal  mode  for 
.^gs  firet,  and 
all  nuiy  be 
entertained, 
lull  pelvis,  a 
rawing  upon 
jases  are  uu- 
)rn  required, 
he  head  pre- 
r  the  head  is 
jrally  be  ob- 
m  ordinarily 
!i  is  had  re- 
's groat  care 
r  to  the  foal, 
i  to  clean  it, 
after  which 
:'  very  much 
according  to 
lens  with  the 
ily  refuses  to 
jnt  from  her 
Ik  the  mare 
pty,  and  she 
iuck.    They 


should  never  bo  loft  alone  till  this  has  taken  ])laee,  as  it  is  dan- 
gerous to  do  so  for  fear  of  the  mare  doing  a  fatal  injury  to  her 
offspring.  Hefore  the  coat  of  the  foal  is  dry,  the  iiuine  should 
be  conjl>ed  all  on  one  side;  by  which  precaution  that  ragged 
unsightly  look  is  avoided  which  it  has  if  part  hangs  on  one  side 
and  part  on  the  other.  For  the  first  twenty-four  hours  nothing 
besides  warm  gruel  and  a  very  little  hay  should  be  given  to  tlie 
inare ;  but  when  the  secretion  of  milk  is  fully  established  she 
recpiiros  oats,  bran  mashes  with  malt,  carrots,  turnips,  clover,  or 
green  food  in  some  shape,  according  to  the  season  of  the  year. 

MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  FOAL. 

Handling  the  foal  should  be  commenced  as  soon  as  1'  is 
born,  because  it  is  at  that  time  that  he  is  most  easily  rendered 
tractable,  aiul  regard  I '•ss  of  the  presence  of  his  attendant,  who 
Bhould  make  a  practice  of  rubbing  his  head,  picking  up  his  fe  ,t, 
&c.,  long  before  he  actually  wants  to  do  any  thing  wi  those 
parts.  But  if  these  acts  are  postponed,  till  they  are  really  .ivnted 
to  be  done,  the  colt  is  wild  and  unmanageable,  and  neither 
physic  nor  anything  else  can  be  administered  withoiit  a  degree 
of  violence  very  dangerous  to  its  welfare.  The  fo.^l  is  very 
liable  to  diarrhoea,  and  it  should  at  once  be  checked  by  a  drench 
of  rice-water,  with  one  or  two  drachms  of  laudanum,  wliich  will 
almost  always  stop  it,  if  repeated  after  every  loose  motion.  The 
Buu  should  in  all  cases  bo  admitted  to  the  box,  whether  in  winter 
or  summer,  and  without  it  no  young  animal  will  long  be  in 
health.  If  the  weather  is  very  severe,  with  wet  as  well  as  cold, 
the  upper  half  only  of  the  door  should  be  opened  while  the  sun 
is  out;  but  if  the  weather  is  dry,  the  mare  and  foal  may  be 
allowed  to  run  into  the  yard ;  or  if  not  very  cold  and  frosty,  into 
the  paddock  for  a  short  time.  By  the  end  of  the  month  the  foal 
will  begin  to  eat  crushed  oats,  which  may  be  given  in  its  own 
low  manger,  and  with  the  mare  tied  up  to  hers.  As  many  of 
them  as  the  foal  will  eat  will  do  good ;  and  it  never  happens, 
that  I  have  heard,  that  a  young  foal  will  eat  more  than  enough 
of  this  food,  which  is  the  main  stay  of  the  young  racer.  Much  of 
the  success  of  this  kind  of  stock  depends  upon  their  early  forcing 
by  means  of  oats  ;  and  as  far  as  he  is  concerned,  the  mare  as 


849 


THE   H()R8K. 


well  nfl  himself  can  linrflly  Imvo  ton  ttiucIi,  oonHiBtPiifly  wifli  a 
contiiiiiiiiico  of  liciiltli ;  I)ut  caution  imiKt  Uo  imcd  in  forcinp^  the 
marc  until  hIio  is  docidodly  stinted.     When  the  inaro  is  tied  up, 
the  halter  Hhould  not  he  longer  than  necessary,  nor  shoidd  it  he 
fastened  to  a  low  ring;  as  it  has  often  happened  that  the  foal 
has  heconie  entangled  in  it  when  low,  and  has  heen  ruined  hy 
his  t)Wi>  struggles,  or  those  of  his  mother.     At  six  months  old 
the  foal  is  usually  weaned,  previously  to  which  he  should  wear 
a  light  and  well-fitting  head  collar,  hy   which  he  may  he  led 
ahout  with  a  length  of  wohhing  attached  to  it  hy  a  huckle.  This 
is  more  easily  done  l)efore  weaning  than  after,  as  the  mare  may 
always  he  made  an  inducement  to  the  foal,  and  it  will  therefore 
be  half  coaxed  and  half  led  hy  a  little  maiueuvring;  whereas,  if 
entirely  alone,  the  foal  will  struggle  in  order  to  escape,  and  will 
not  so  easily  be  controlled.     Two  quarterns  of  oats  may  now  be 
given  to  the  foal  during  the  day,  which,  with  the  grass  of  sum- 
mer, will  keep  him  in  high  flesh,  and  hy  this  time  he  ought  to 
have  grown  into  a  very  good-sized  animal.     By  this  treatment 
the  foals  are  made  strong  and  hardy  against  the  advent  of  the 
winter  season,  during  which  time  their  progress  is  not  nearly  so 
fast  as  in  the  summer  ;  and  in  spite  of  every  precaution,  there 
are  constantly  drawbacks  in  the  shape  of  colds,  dysentery,  &c 
Feeding  in  this  mode  is  the  great  secret  to  rearing  racing  stock 
and  though  cow's  milk,  steamed  turnips,  &c.,  will  make  the 
yearling  look  fat  and  fleshy,  you  will  never  see  that  appearance 
of  high  breeding  and  condition  which  is  given  by  oats,  nor,  when 
put  into  training,  do  they  pass  through  that  ordeal  in  the  way 
which  corn-fed  colts  and  iillies  may  be  expected  to  do.     At  this 
age,  when  fed  in  this  way,  foals  are  as  mischievous  as  monkeys, 
and  great  care  should  be  taken  that  they  have  nothing  in  their 
way  which  can  possibly  injure  them.     Brooms,  shovels,  pikes, 
and  buckets  must  all  be  kept  away  from  their  reach,  and  all 
gates  and  fences  must  be  carefully  put  in  order.     Indeed,  with 
every  precaution,  they  will  strain  themselves  in  their  play  ;  but 
if  all  these  points  are  not  attended  to,  the  consequence  is  almost 
sure  to  be  fatal  to  life  or  limb.   During  the  winter  young  racing 
stock  should  all  be  carefully  housed  at  night ;  and  their  oats  may 
be  increased  to  three  quarterns  a  day  as  soon  as  the  grass  fails, 
with  plenty  of  good  sound  old  hay,  and  occasionally  a  few  care- 


fmmm 


FOOT)   OF   THE   FOAt. 


343 


fly  wifli  a 
'iirciiifT  tlie 
i'h  tied  iij>, 
loiild  it  1)0 
at  tlio  ibal 
niiiiod  l»y 
iiioritlis  old 
ould  wear 
iiy  1)0  led 
ucklc.   Tllifi 
'  inaro  may 
II  tliorotbro 
whereas,  if 
)o,  and  will 
lay  now  be 
•ass  of  8UII1- 
le  ought  to 
i  treatment 
vent  of  the 
»t.  nearly  so 
ution,  there 
lentery,  &c 
icing  stock, 
1  make  the 
appearance 
I,  nor,  when 
in  the  way 
0.     At  this 
8  monkeys, 
ng  in  their 
vels,  pikes, 
3h,  and  all 
ideed,  with 
play  ;  but 
36  is  almost 
ung  racing 
ir  oats  may 
grafis  fails, 
a  few  care- 


fully sliced  carrots  or  turnips.  During  all  this  time  they  fihould 
still  bo  coimtantly  handled  and  led  aliout  ;  and  when  removed 
from  one  pasture  to  another,  they  hlionid  always  be  eauglit  and 
led  by  the  length  of  webbing.  The  absenee  of  this  preeaution 
is  a  fertile  source  of  accidents,  while  its  adoption  is  only  an 
instance  of  that  constant  haiulling  which  must  be  attended  to 
oven  were  no  removal  necessary.  These  remarks  will  carry  on 
the  treatment  of  the  yearling  to  the  time  when  he  is  broken  in 
and  put  into  training.  At  this  time — that  is,  in  the  second  sum- 
mer, and  as  soon  as  there  is  j)lenty  of  grass,  the  yearling  should 
begin  to  assume  the  ap])earanee  of  the  horse,  with  arms  and 
thighs  well  developed,  and  with  a  fair  allowance  of  fat,  which, 
though  not  necessary  for  racing  purposes,  is  always  an  indica- 
tion of  high  health,  and  will  make  its  ajipearance  on  the  ribs  of 
a  stout  and  healthy  colt  in  spite  of  all  the  exercise  in  the  shape 
of  frolics  and  gallops  which  his  high  spirits  induce  him  to  take. 
During  the  early  spring  inonths  this  cannot  always  be  expected, 
from  the  nature  of  the  food ;  but  after  May,  the  flesh  ought 
always  to  be  rather  full  and  round  than  wiry  and  free  from  fat, 
which  latter  condition  indicates  a  delicacy  of  constitution  un- 
favorable to  the  purposes  of  the  race-horse. 

Physicking  the  yearling  or  the  foal  is  sometimes  necessary, 
when  he  is  getting  off  his  feet,  or  is  bound  in  his  bowels,  or  his 
eyes  become  inflamed,  or  otherwise  indicate  that  he  is  over-fed 
with  oats.  This  is  a  very  common  state  of  things,  and  the  remedy 
is  a  dose  of  the  common  aloetic  ball,  for  which  see  the  Diseases 
of  the  Horse,  for  the  dose  and  mode  of  administration.  About 
one-quarter  of  an  ordinary  ball  is  the  smallest  dooe  likely  to  be 
beneficial  to  the  young  foal. 


BREAKING. 

THE  STABLES   NECESSARY   FOB  YOUNO  RACING   STOCK. 

Tlie  stabling  which  is  suflScient  for  ordinary  racing  purposes, 
will  not  answer  for  the  first  housing  of  colts  and  fillies,  which 
require  more  air  and  room  than  older  horses,  as  they  are  a  con 
siderable  time  in  becoming  accustomed  to  the  warmer  and 


B4t 


THE   IIOItBE. 


darkor  Htiil)lcs  Ruitcd  to  liornuH  doing  Htronj?  work.  Hut  not  only 
h  u  largo  roomy  l)ox  r('<|iiin!d  for  oarli  colt,  but  tliurt)  niUHt  alw) 
be  a  yard,  orHinall  paddock,  in  which  they  nuiy  bo  Buffered  to 
take  that  oxerciao  which  they  cannot  yet  receive  artificially  in 
an  amount  which  will  nuiintain  their  health.  The  breaking  is 
generally  c<»uimenced  in  warm  suinnu'r  weather ;  and  there  is 
no  danger  In  allowing  the  ccdt  to  be  at  liberty  during  the  day, 
at  such  hours  as  are  not  reciuired  to  bo  occupied  by  the  breaker's 
instructions.  It  is  necesHary,  therefore,  to  have  a  series  of  airy 
bo.xes,  separated  from  one  another  in  the  same  way  as  those 
in  ordinary  stables,  but  of  a  larger  size,  being  at  least  18  feet  by 
12  feet,  and  with  a  very  free  circulation  of  air.  These  are  much 
better  made  open  to  the  roof,  as  they  are  never  UH(>d  in  cold 
weather  for  horses,  and  will  then  serve  for  any  other  kind  ol 
stock  if  required  ;  but  at  all  events  they  should  now  be  as  airy 
as  it  is  possible  to  make  them.  Many  people  object  to  the  use 
of  litter  at  this  period,  as  being  different  to  the  cool  grass  to 
which  the  colt  has  been  accustomed,  and  recommend  tan  as  a 
much  better  kind  of  nmterial  for  the  floor  of  the  box.  I  am 
inclined  to  think  that  there  is  great  reason  In  this  objection,  and 
that  the  latter  article  is  less  likely  to  produce  that  contraction 
of  the  feet  which  so  commonly  occurs  in  the  horee  in  training. 
A  shady  paddock,  with  as  soft  a  turf  as  possible,  should  bo  pro- 
vided ;  and  here  the  colt  may  bo  turned  out  the  first  thing  in 
the  morning  for  an  hour  or  two,  and  again  at  night  for  the  sanio 
time,  leaving  the  middle  of  the  day  for  the  breaker's  manipula- 
tions. This  plan  also  provides  for  the  gradual  alteration  of  diet, 
as  the  colt  will  always  pick  a  little  grass  when  turned  out,  and 
will  only  eat  his  hay  during  the  long  night ;  while  his  oats  ho 
has  long  been  accustomed  to,  and  will  still  continue  to  relish. 


LEADINO  TAOKLE. 


Leading  with  tlie  cavesson  on  is  the  first  thing  to  bo  prac- 
tised, and  it  should  be  continued  for  two  or  three  weeks  without 
any  farther  attempt  at  breaking,  if  there  be  plenty  of  time,  and 
full  justice  is  to  bo  done  to  the  colt.  A  roller  is  put  upon  the 
colt,  and  a  crupper,  with  long  hip-straps,  by  the  presence  of 
which  he  becomes  accustomed  to  a  loose  sheet,  or  any  other  de- 


■lioElNO. 


345 


il-Ci 


It  not  only 
niiiHt  aim) 

llliiM'tMl   to 

ificiiilly  ill 
liking  is 
tlu'i'u  ia 
tlu>  (lay, 
e  hrcakoi-'s 
icH  of  airy 
y  as  those 
IS  t'lH't  liy 
I!  aro  imicli 
■(('(I  in  cold 
cr  kind  ol 
bo  as  airy 

to  tllO   UHO 

ol  gruHS  to 
id  tan  AH  a 
)ox.  I  am 
oetion,  and 
;ontraction 
n  training, 
uld  bo  pro- 
it  thing  in 
)r  the  same 

manipula- 
ion  01  diet, 
3d  ont,  and 
lis  oats  he 
0  relish. 


)  be  prac- 
ks  without 
time,  and 
t  upon  the 
)resence  of 
r  other  de- 


rungompnt  of  clothing  in  his  HiilmoqiuMit  work.  With  tliiH  tacklo 
on,  and  long  bootH  on  IiIh  fon>-l<'gH  to  guard  againnt  hirt  Htriking 
them,  tlu!  colt  \h  lod  about  the  ('ii\n\tfy,  I'ithcr  by  tho  breaker 
on  foot  or  nioiinted  on  a  steady  back  ;  and  for  a  week  lie  may 
generally  be  confined  to  soft  turf,  which  will  ?u»t  re(iuir()  hiit 
being  shod.  Even  on  such  ground  as  this  he  will  be  gni<liially 
acciiHtoined  to  cartn,  wagons,  droves  of  Khecp,  oxen,  Arc,  and 
will  daily  aci[nire  more  confidence  in  liimHitlf  aiitl  in  liirt  lead(^r. 
No  bit  nhoidd  be  put  in  his  month  as  yet,  for  its  too  early  iiho 
while  ho  is  still  shy  and  inclined  to  struggle,  <»iily  makes  him 
more  timid,  and  by  far  less  manageable  than  with  the  cavesson 
atone. 

SHOKINO. 

Shoeing  must  he  commenced  as  soon  ns  the  colt  is  in  a  state 
to  bo  taken  on  the  roads,  because  it  will  often  haj)i.i'n  that  ho 
will  be  inclined  to  jump  and  plunge  on  tlio  meeting  of  unac- 
customed objects ;  and  if  his  feet  are  unshod  he  will  break 
the  crust,  and  do  that  amount  of  injury,  which  it  will  take  nuiny 
weeks  to  restore.  It  is  better,  therefore,  to  put  some  short  shoes 
on  his  fore-feet ;  but  his  hind-feet  may  still  perhaps  bo  left  in 
their  natural  state  for  some  time  longer.  I  do  not  myself  see 
the  advantage  of  this  delaj',  but  it  is  very  commonly  practised 
with  young  racing  stock  ;  and  with  wild  or  badly-handlod  colts, 
it  is  often  necessary,  from  the  greater  resistance  which  they 
make  to  the  blacksmith  behind  than  before.  Tlie  shoes  or  tips 
bhould  be  nailed  on  very  carefully,  and  they  should  be  very  neat 
and  light  in  their  make  ;  the  feet  also  should  afterwards  bo  regu- 
larly examined,  and  the  shoes  removed  every  three  weeks. 
It  is  a  very  common  practice  for  the  blacksmith  to  cut  out  the 
heels  of  these  colts,  but  I  am  satisfied,  that  by  the  use  of  tips  only 
the  heels  may  left  in  a  state  of  nature,  and  will  require  little  or 
no  clearing  out  until  the  horse  is  full-shod,  and  the  frog  and  heel 
protecteu  from  the  friction  of  the  ground. 

TTING-UP  IN  THE  STABLE. 

The  next  process  ia  the  tying-up  in  the  stall,  which  the  colts 
may  now  be  accustomed  to,  inasmuch  as  they  have  fully  proved 
the  power  of  the  halter  or  leading-rein  in  their  struggles  to  avoid 


846 


THE  H0B8B. 


passing  ohjectg ;  and  they  will  not,  therefore,  fight  much  when 
tied  up  in  the  stable.  The  head-stall  should  fit  very  closely, 
and  tlie  throat-lash  be  sufljciently  tight  to  prevent  the  colt  from 
pulling  it  oflF  in  his  efforts  to  get  free;  for  if  the  young  animal 
finds  ho  can  eifect  his  object  once,  he  is  a  long  time  before  he 
ceases  to  try  it  again.  The  colt  is  often  very  fidgety  ;  if  so,  he 
must  be  at  once  compelled  to  stand  still,  by  the  nse  of  wooden 
balls  attached  to  the  fetlocks  by  leather  straps,  which  soon  ac- 
custom him  to  a  steady  position,  from  the  blows  which  they  in- 
flict upon  him  when  he  struggles  or  moves  rapidly  from  side  to 
side.  A  breast-girth  may  also  be  put  on  as  a  fore-runner  of  the 
breast-cloth  ;  and  it  will  also  serve  to  prevent  the  roller,  which 
is  constantly  worn,  from  getting  back  under  the  flank,  and  there- 
by irritating  the  wearer.  All  the  ordinary  stable  practices  may 
now  gradually  be  taught,  such  as  washing  out  the  feet,  dressing, 
hand-rubbing  the  legs,  &c. ;  and  the  colt  should  be  made  to 
turn  from  side  to  side  of  his  stall  at  the  wish  of  his  attendant 
groom,  who  may  easily  conduct  the  whole  process  without  the 
aid  of  any  regular  breaker,  unless  the  temper  of  the  colt  is  such 
as  to  demand  extraordinary  skill  and  address ;  and  even  here 
the  groom  accustomed  to  thoroughbred  colts  is  often  a  better 
hand  than  the  colt-breaker,  who  is  engaged  in  breaking  all  sorts 
of  animals,  and  will  not  bestow  sufficient  time  upon  the  valua- 
ble racing  colts  and  fillies.  Now,  without  full  time,  it  is  impossi- 
ble to  bring  these  young  things  into  subjection,  and  the  conse- 
quence is  that  their  tempers  are  ruined,  and  they  are  rendered 
xxnfit  for  the  purpose  for  which  they  are  otherwise  well  qualified. 
Their  feeding  is  so  high  that  they  are  full  of  spirit,  and  will  fight 
to  the  deatli  if  they  are  made  to  resist  by  ill-treatment  or  hasty 
breaking ;  it  is  therefore  more  by  coaxing  and  gradual  leading 
on  step  by  step,  from  one  point  gained  to  another  which  is  to  be 
overcome,  that  this  nnimal  is  vanquished,  and  made  at  last  to 
yield  his  powers  to  the  guidance  of  a  young  lad  of  perhaps 
twelve  years  of  age,  or  even  less. 

BBEAEING. 

Lunging  may  now  be  commenced,  which  vrill  require  the 
aid  of  a  second  hand,  in  order  to  compel  t)ie  colt  to  progress  in 
the  circle  by  threatening  him  with  the  whip  behind  him.     The 


-     M»*IMIllilli.  W 


BRGAEINO. 


347 


;  mucli  when 

very  closely, 
the  cult  from 
,'ouiig  animtil 
me  before  he 
ety ;  if  so,  he 
ise  of  wooden 
r'hich  soon  ac- 
t-hich  they  in- 
T  from  side  to 
-runner  of  the 

roller,  which 
,nk,  and  there- 
practices  may 
feet,  dressing, 
d  be  made  to 

his  attendant 
IS  without  the 
he  colt  is  such 
md  even  here 

often  a  better 
jaking  all  sorts 
)on  the  valua- 
e,  it  is  impossi- 
md  the  conse- 
^  are  rendered 

well  qualified. 
,  and  will  fight 
tment  or  hasty 
radual  leading 
■  which  is  to  be 
nade  at  last  to 
lad  of  perhaps 


rtU  require  the 
t  to  progress  in 
ind  him.     The 


cavesson,  boots,  roller,  crupper,  &c.,  are  all  put  on,  and  a  long 
leading-rein  of  webbing  is  attached  to  the  ring  in  the  nose  of 
the  cavesson,  just  as  if  the  colt  was  going  to  be  led  out  as  usual. 
But  instead  of  merely  leading,  the  colt  is  made  to  walk  round  a 
circle  on  some  piece  of  soft  turf;  and  then  when  he  has  learnt 
to  do  this  kindly  he  is  made  to  canter  slowly  round,  the  assist- 
ant walking  behind  him  until  he  will  progress  by  himself,  which 
he  soon  learns  to  do.  As  soon  as  he  has  gone  round  the  circle 
in  one  direction  a  dozen  times  or  so,  he  may  be  turned  round  and 
made  to  reverse  it,  which  prevents  giddiness,  and  also  any  un- 
due strain  upon  either  leg.  This  process  is  repeated  at  various 
times  throughout  the  breaking,  and  is  the  best  mode  of  keeping 
the  colt  quiet  by  giving  him  any  amount  of  work  on  the  canter 
or  gallop.  It  is  not,  however,  used  for  the  same  purpose  as  in 
the  ordinary  breaking  of  hacks  and  harness  horses,  where  it  is 
made  a  means  of  getting  them  upon  their  haunches  ;  an  alter- 
ation from  a  state  of  nature  which  it  is  not  desirable  to  effect  in 
the  race-horse.  On  the  contrary,  it  is  often  necessary  to  make 
him  extend  himself  still  more  than  he  otherwise  would,  and  the 
less  he  is  upon  his  haunches  the  better.  The  bit,  therefore,  is 
never  used  in  his  mouth  as  a  means  of  putting  him  back  upon 
his  hind  legs ;  whilst  it  is,  on  the  other  hand,  used  more  to  make 
the  horse  extend  himself  by  playing  with  it,  and  slightly  resist- 
ing its  tendency  to  confine  his  mouth. 

The  mouthing-bit  may  now  be  put  on,  and  its  construction 
and  form  are  of  the  utmost  importance  to  the  future  delicacy  of 
mouth  which  \i  so  essential  to  the  action  of  the  race-horse.  In 
no  kind  of  horse  is  the  snaffle-bridle  so  desirable  as  in  the  race- 
horse, in  which  a  curb  is  always  a  means  of  making  him  gal- 
lop in  too  round  a  style ;  and  yet  when  he  pulls  very  strongly, 
this  is  a  less  evil  than  to  let  him  get  away  with  his  rider,  and 
either  bolt  out  of  the  course  or  destroy  his  chance  by  over-run- 
ning himself  early  in  the  race.  Hence  it  is  doubly  ncessary  to 
gifard  against  making  the  angles  of  tlie  mouth  sore,  for  if  once 
they  get  into  that  state  they  are  almost  sure  to  become  more  or 
less  callous  and  insensible.  But  if  during  breaking,  a  snaffle  of 
any  kind,  large  or  small,  is  used,  this  result  is  almost  sure  to 
occur,  either  in  the  horse's  early  fighting  with  liis  bit,  or  when 
"  put  upon  it "  in  the  stable.    Instead  of  a  snaffle,  a  bit  without 


etjjawj 


348 


THE  HOBSE. 


a  joint  is  the  simple  remedy  for  all  this,  made  in  the  form  of  a 
segment  of  a  circle,  and  with  keys  as  usual  hanging  from  its 

centre.     This  segmental  form  is  better 
than  the  straight  bit,  upon  which  the  colt 
is  apt  to  pull  on  one  side,  and  to  get  an 
uneven  mouth,  whereas  when  standing 
in  the  stable,  and  the  reins  are  buckled 
to  his  roller,  crossed  over  his  withers,  he 
can  never  do  otherwise  than  get  an  even 
pull  upon  all  parts  of  his  mouth,  whether 
he  puts  his  lips  close  to  one  side  of  the 
bit  or  the  other.      This  is  a  very  impor- 
tant point  in  breaking  all  colts,  and  in 
racing  stock  it  is  doubly  so,  because  of 
the  necessity  of  preserving  that  delicacy 
of  sensation  without  which  they  can  never 
be  taken  round  corners,  &c.,  except  by 
lying  out  of  their  ground,  and  thence 
losing  a  considerable  distance.   But  with 
this  bit  the  mouth   is  gradually  made, 
and  without  producing  soreness  in  any 
part,  which  aftei"wa/rds  takes  the  hit  /  and 
this  is  the  great  feature  in  its  use,  for  as 
the  tongue  and  gums  take  its  pressure 
chiefly,  so  the  angles  of  the  mouth  only 
touch  it  at  the  will  of  the  colt,  and  it  is 
when  playing  with  it  that  they  do  touch 
at  all,  and  then  only  to  such  an  extent  as  to  avoid  pain  to  them- 
selves.   This  bit,  then,  may  be  used  on  all  occasions  without 
fear  until  the  colt  is  fit  to  take  his  gallops,  when  a  strong  snaffle 
may  be  substituted,  and  gradually  supplanted  by  that  small  and 
fine  kind  called  the  racing  snaffle,  but  which  need  not  be  nearly 
so  small  for  the  horse  broken  to  the  segmental  bit  as  for  mie 
"  mouthed  "  to  the  ordinary  breaker's  snaffle.     After  the  bit  has 
been  put  in  the  mouth,  no  attempt  at  firet  should  be  made  to  in- 
duce the  colt  to  play  with  it ;  but  it  may  be  sufiered  to  remain 
in  the  mouth  while  he  is  led  about  by  the  cavesson,  and  with- 
out any  side-reins  being  attached.     ;W'hen  tl    '    ^  been  done  for 
a  day  or  two,  the  side-reins  are  buckled  l  ^  aud  are  attached 


mem 


BREAKING. 


349 


brm  of  a 
from  its 
is  better 
h  the  colt 
:o  get  an 
standing 
buckled 
itbers,  he 
an  even 
,  whether 
de  of  the 
ry  impoi'- 
ts,  and  in 
icaiise  of 
t  delicacy 
can  never 
3xcept  by 
d  thence 
Bnt  with 
lly  made, 
iss  in  any 
ehit;  and 
use,  for  as 
3  pressure 
outh  only 
and  it  ia 
do  touch 
1  to  them- 
8  without 
mg  snaffle 
small  and 
be  nearly 
s  for  one 
he  bit  has 
ade  to  in- 
to remain 
md  with- 
a  done  for 
attached 


also  to  the  bnckles  in  the  roller,  crossing  thorn  over  the  withers. 
At  first  they  may  be  drawn  up  very  slightly,  so  as  just  to  pre- 
vent the  colt  from  putting  his  head  into  his  usual  position,  and 
in  that  form  he  may  be  left  in  his  box  for  an  hour  a-day,  be- 
sides the  usual  amount  of  walking  out  of  doors  with  the  bridle 
on.  They  may  now  be  gradually  tightened  a  hole  or  two  per 
day,  and  also  more  so  in  the  box  than  when  led  out,  when  the 
tightening  should  be  very  gradual  indeed.  Some  colts  very 
soon  begin  to  champ  the  bit,  and  play  with  it,  whilst  others  are 
often  sulky  for  a  day  or  two,  and  hang  upon  it  steadily,  with  the 
intention  of  freeing  themselves.  All,  however,  at  last  begin  to 
champ,  and  when  this  is  freely  done,  the  breaker  may  teach  the 
colt  the  intention  of  the  bit,  by  making  him  stop  and  back  when 
out  of  doors,  by  its  means.  The  rings  on  each  side  should  be 
taken  hold  of  evenly  by  both  hands,  and  the  colt  made  to  stand 
jr  back  by  steady  pressure,  but  without  alarming  biin.  Kind- 
ness and  gentle  usage,  with  occasional  encouragement,  soon  ac- 
custom him  to  its  use,  and  he  only  wants  ten  days  or  a  fortnight 
in  order  to  obtain  the  desired  result  of  its  presence  in  the  mouth, 
which  is  called  "  getting  a  mouth,"  and  which  is  merely  the 
giving  to  the  sense  of  touch  in  the  lips  an  extra  degree  of  deli- 
cacy. When  this  stage  is  completed,  and  the  mouth  is  quite 
under  command,  so  that  the  colt  will  either  oome  forward  or 
backward  by  drawing  his  head  in  those  directions,  with  the 
bit  held  in  both  hands,  the  colt  is  ready  for  backing.  During 
the  whole  pro,>r  'ess  of  breaking,  daily  slow  lunging  and  plenty 
of  walking  exercise  should  have  been  practised,  so  that  the  colt 
is  not  above  himself,  but  is  more  or  less  tired  each  day. 

Before  acttiai  t)acking  is  attempted  the  saddle  should  be  put 
on,  and  it  should  always  be  a  roomy  one  at  first,  well  stuffed 
and  fitting  accurately,  so  as  to  avoid  all  painful  pressure.  Tlie 
withers,  especially,  should  be  closely  watched,  and  if  high  and 
thin  the  saddle  should  be  proportionally  high  at  the  pommel. 
The  roller  has  been  hitherto  the  only  kind  of  pressure  round  the 
chest,  but  it  liae  gradually  been  tightened  from  time  to  time,  so  as 
to  prepare  the  colt  for  the  subsequent  use  of  the  girths  which  are 
required  to  retain  the  saddle  in  its  place.  This  should  be  put  on 
at  first  with  the  girths  quite  loose,  and  with  a  crupper  in  addi- 
lion,  because  having  already  worn  one^  the  tail  has  become  ac- 


tpw: 


350 


THE  H0B8S. 


customed  to  its  use,  and  it  often  prevents  the  saddle  from  press- 
ing witli  undue  force  upon  the  withers,  whiuli  are  very  sensi- 
tive and  easily  made  sore.      The  colt  should  be  walked  out  and 
lunged  for  a  day  or  two  with  the  saddle  on  before  he  is  mounted 
80  as  to  accustom  the  parts  to  its  presence ;   and  it  is  even  de- 
sirable to  increase  the  weight  of  the  saddle,  by  jilacing  upon  it 
some  moderately  heavy  substance  of  two  or  three  stones'  weight, 
such  as  trusses   of  shot,  or  the  like,  gradually  making  tliem 
heavier,  but  never  putting  more  than  the  above  dead  weight 
upon  the  saddle.      "When  the  colt  has  thus  been  thoroughly  sea- 
soned, he  may  be  taken  out  and  well  lunged  till  he  is  tired,  still 
having  his  saddle  on  ;  and  during  this  exercise  the  breaker  will 
occasionall}  bear  considerable  weight  upon  each  stirrup,  and  flap 
them  against  the  saddle,  with  the  object  of  making  a  noise,  to 
which  the  colt  should  be  accustomed.     It  is  a  very  good  plan  to 
have  a  leather  surcingle  made  to  go  over  the  saddle,  and  to  at- 
tach the  buckles  for  the  side-reins  to  this,  instead  of  having 
them  sewn  on  to  the  saddle  itself.   When  all  is  ready,  and  the  colt 
is  tired  by  his  lunging,  &c.,  he  may  be  taken  into  the  rubbing- 
house,  as  being  close  to  the  exercise  ground,  and  there  t!\o 
breaker  himself,  or  one  of  the  lads,  may  be  put  upon  the  saddle, 
using  him,  as  in  all  cases  in  young  horses,  with  great  gentleness, 
and  giving  him  constant  encouragement  by  the  hand  and  voice. 
Mounting  is  much  better  accomplished  in  the  stable  than  out,  and 
causes  nnich  less  alarm,  because  tlie  ^olt  hsis  been  always  accustom- 
ed to  be  more  handled  there,  and  is  It-s  inclined,  therefore,  to  re- 
sist!   The  lad,  or  breaker,  sl'oiild  get  ..»^  iud  down  again  seve- 
ral times,  and  if  the  colt  is  good-tempered  he  will  generally  allow 
all  this  to  be  done  without  the  slightest  resistance.     In  mounting 
there  should  be  very  little  spring  made,  but  the  lad  may  hang 
about  the  horse,  as  if  fondling  him,  and  bear  his  weight  upon  the 
saddle ;  then  place  one  foot  in,  and  hang  on  steadily,  when,  if 
this  is  borne,  the  weight  may  be  taken  oft"  for  a  minute  or  two,  and 
then  the  lad  may  very  gently  and  insensibly  almost  raise  him- 
self up  to  the  command  of  the  saddle,  after  which  he  may  stead- 
ily turn  his  leg  over,  and  is  then  seated.     When  the  lad  has  sat 
quietly  upon  his  back  for  a  few  minutes,  the  side-reins  having 
already  been  buckled  to  the  leather  surcingle,  two  addhional 
reins  Jiiay  be  attached  for  his  use,  though  the  chief  dependence 


BACKING   THE   COLT. 


351 


m  press- 
n-y  senai- 
out  and 
noiintcd 
even  de- 
f^  upon  it 
)'  weight, 
ng  tlieni 
weight 
ghly  sea- 
ired,  still 
saker  will 
»,  and  flap 
noise,  to 
)d  plan  to 
and  to  at- 
)f  having 
id  the  colt 
rubhing- 
there  the 
pe  saddle, 
entloness, 
md  voice. 
11  out,  and 
accustom- 
'ore,  to  re- 
gain seve- 
ally  allow 
mounting 
may  hang 
upon  the 
when,  if 
p  two,  and 
aise  him- 
lay  stead- 
id  has  sat 
18  having 
idd^'tional 
pendeuce 


at  first  must  be  placed  upon  the  breaker  himself,  who  loads  the 
colt,  as  before,  with  the  cavesson  and  webbing.  Witli  this  the 
mounted  colt  is  now  led  out,  and  walked  about  for  an  hour  or 
more ;  after  which  he  should  be  returned  to  the  stable,  and  then 
the  lad  should  dismount;  and  on  no  account  should  this  be 
attempted  at  first  out  of  doors,  for  it  has  happened  that  on  get- 
ting oft"  there  has  been  a  fight  to  get  on  again,  which  has  re- 
sulted in  victory  to  the  horse ;  whereas  in  the  stable  it  can 
always  be  managed,  and  with  the  tlioroiighbred  colt  it  is  seldom 
wanted  elsewhere,  until  he  is  quite  used  to  it.  K  there  is  no 
stable  at  hand  with  a  door  high  and  wide  enough  for  this  pur- 
pose, the  colt  may  be  mounted  in  the  paddock,  the  breaker 
being  very  careful  to  engage  his  attention,  and  a  third  ])rtrty 
being  on  the  ofi-side  to  assist  in  keeping  the  colt  straight  and  the 
saddle  from  giving  way  while  the  weight  is  being  laid  upon  the 
stirrup.  Most  colts  give  way  at  first  to  this  one-sided  pressure, 
but  they  soon  learn  to  bear  up  against  it,  and  finally  they  do 
not  show  any  annoyance  at  all.  It  will  be  found  that  any  colt 
may  be  more  readily  managed  by  two  people  in  a  roomy  stable 
than  by  three  out  of  doors,  where  he  is  on  the  look-out  for  ob- 
jects of  alarm,  and  is  always  more  ready  to  show  fight ;  the  only 
difficulty  is  the  getting  clear  of  the  door,  which  should  be  wide 
and  high ;  and  if  it  is  the  contrary,  it  offers  an  obstacle  to  the  plan, 
which  must  prevent  its  adoption.  The  mounted  lad  should  at 
first  sit  steadily  and  patiently  still,  and  should  not  attempt  to 
use  the  reins,  which  might  indeed  well  be  dispensed  with,  but 
that  few  riders  could  balance  themselves  without  holding  some- 
thing. I  have  found  it  a  good  plan  to  buckle  them  to  the  cav- 
esson rather  than  to  the  bit,  in  those  caseo  where  the  hands  of 
the  rider  were  not  very  light.  The  colt  on  leaving  the  stable 
often  sets  his  back  up,  and  perhaps  plunges  or  attempts  to  kick, 
which  he  seldom  does  in  the  stable,  and  less  frequently  in  leaving 
it,  than  when  he  is  suddenly  mounted  in  the  field.  If  he  does  this 
the  breaker  should  speak  severely  to  him,  and  either  keep  down 
his  head,  or  the  reverse,  according  to  whether  he  is  attempting 
to  rear  or  kick.  It  is  for  the  latter  vice  only  that  the  rider  re- 
quii'es  the  rein  to  the  bit,  as  it  serves  to  keep  the  colt  quiet  if 
tlie  bit  is  suddenly  checked,  when  he  gets  his  head  down  before 
kicking.     But  in  rearing,  the  lad  is  likely  to  do  mischief  with 


353 


THE  HORSE. 


it,  and  on  the  whole  it  is  better,  I  think,  to  avoid  all  chance  of 
using  it  iitiproperly,  unless  the  rider  is  very  cautious,  and  ac- 
custoTned  to  the  business  of  colt-breaking.  When  the  colt  is 
quite  quiet  and  submissive,  after  several  days'  leading  about, 
the  lad  may  be  trusted  with  the  command  of  the  bit,  and  may 
have  th",  reins  intrusted  to  him,  the  breaker  still  keeping  the 
long  webbing  attached  to  the  cavesson,  and  being  always  pre- 
pared to  assist  the  lad,  who,  however,  should  now  begin  to  try 
to  turn  the  colt  and  stop  him  at  pleasure,  taking  a  rein  in  each 
hand,  and  using  them  wide  apart,  with  the  aid  of  his  voice  and 
heel.  As  soon  as  it  appears  likely  that  the  lad  can  control  his 
charge  the  cavesson  may  be  taken  off,  and  the  colt  placed  in  a 
string  of  horses,  which  are  so  steady  as  not  to  give  occasion,  by 
their  exanij  le,  for  the  cult's  beginning  to  plunge.  During  the 
course  of  bioakiug  it  is  always  safer  to  keep  the  colt  rather  un- 
der-fed Avith  oats,  and  until  he  is  able  to  begin  his  cantering  ex- 
ercise lie  will  scarcely  bear  an  increase ;  but  much  will  depend 
upon  his  temper ;  and  if  he  is  inclined  to  fret  he  will  often  lose 
flesh,  and  will  demand  more,  rather  than  less,  oats  than  usual. 
Bad-tempered  horses,  however,  nn'll  always  require  light 
feeding  during  breaking,  and  extra  time,  as  well  as  care,  must 
be  bestowed  upon  them.  This  subject  is  better  understood  now 
than  it  used  to  be,  and  fewer  horses  are  spoiled  than  was  for- 
merly t!ie  case  ;  still,  Iiowever,  there  is  often  room  for  improve- 
ment, and  the  number  of  hoi'ses  which  are  mismanaged  at  this 
time  is  by  no  means  sruall.  Thoroughbred  horses  will  not  bear 
bad  treatmeui,  in  genera),  though  some  are  certainly  of  such 
savage  tampers  by  natu,-e  its  to  require  to  be  cowed ;  still  these 
are  the  exceptions,  and  the  vast  majoity  will,  by  early  handling, 
and  cautio.d  tackling  and  mounting,  be  broken  almost  without 
a  singh^  f^ght  or  difficulty  of  any  kind.  If  they  find  themselves 
hnrf  by  bit  or  saddle,  or  by  the  crupper  occasioning  a  sore,  they 
si"-  *-]ieir  l:yi'.ke  to  the  pain  by  resisting,  setting  up  their  backs, 
and  ret!!  ,  g  f  progress  quietly;  but,  xmless  there  be  something 
wroug,  they  -vij;  "submit  to  being  backed  and  ridden  much  more 
readily  thwu  the  .  ;>lts  of  the  common  breeds,  which  have  seldom 
had  a  head-stall  ou  their  heads,  till  a  few  days  before  they  are 
backed.  I  have  moro  than  once  ridden  thoroughbred  colts  in 
tolerable  co'ofort,  within  a  week  or  ten  days  of  their  being  first 


TRAINING. 


353 


11  chance  of 
io«8,  and  ac- 
n  the  colt  is 
ading  about, 
bit,  and  may 
keeping  the 
always  pro- 
begin  to  try 
rein  in  each 
liis  voice  and 
n  control  his 
It  placed  in  a 
>  occasion,  by 
During  the 
olt  rather  un- 
cantering  ex- 
will  depend 
ill  often  lose 
3  than  usual, 
equire  light 
18  care,  must 
derstood  now 
lan  was  for- 
for  improve- 
laged  at  this 
will  not  bear 
inly  of  such 
1 ;  still  these 
rly  handling, 
nost  without 
d  themselves 
;  a  sore,  they 
J  their  backs, 
be  something 
n  much  more 
have  seldom 
ore  they  are 
jred  colts  in 
sir  being  first 


bitted  ;  but  it  is  a  bad  plan,  and  the  longer  time  their  mouths 
are  allowed  to  become  accustomed  to  the  bit,  the  better  they  ulti- 
mately turn  out.  It  will  be  many  months  before  they  are  to  be 
depended  on  under  any  circumstances ;  and  when  they  get  an  in- 
crease of  oats  they  are  almost  sure  to  attempt  some  kind  of  horse- 
play ;  but  the  boys  easily  contend  against  this,  which  is  very 
difterent  from  the  determined  efforts  of  a  colt  to  dislodge  his 
rider.  "When  all  these  points  are  thoroughly  accomplished  in 
the  breaking,  it  may  be  said  to  be  terminated,  and  the  training 
of  the  two-year-old  commences ;  the  only  things  yet  to  be  learned 
are  the  use  of  the  spur  and  whip,  which  should  never  be  em- 
ployed except  as  a  punishment  for  faults  committed ;  that  is  to 
say,  they  should  never  be  used  as  an  e very-day  practice ;  for, 
though  every  colt  should  be  accustomed  to  them,  it  is  very  sel- 
dom that  the  opportunity  is  wanting  of  administering  them  for 
some  fault  or  other. 


EDITORIAL   NOTES. 

'  (P.  295.)  Once  in  and  twice  out  has  been  the  rule  with  the  most  Bucceseful 
American  breeders,  in  which  we  fully  concur. 

'  (P,  295.)  This  is  not  agreeable  with  our  experience  and  observation.  The 
late  Dr.  E.  Warfleld  bred  many  of  his  thorough  mares  to  a  Jack,  they  were  sub- 
sequently bred  to  thoroughbreds  and  produced  winners. 

^  (P.  295.)  The  most  successful  racers  have  been  in-bred,  but  not  incestuously 
bred.  As  we  remarked  on  a  former  page,  all  our  thoroughbreds  are  in-bred. 
The  English,  for  convenience,  have  their  strains  in  England,  the  Byerly  Turk, 
the  Darley  Arabian,  and  the  Godolphin  Arabian.  The  Herod  blood  represents 
the  Byerly  Turk  branch,  English  Eclipse  the  Darley  Arabian,  and  Matchem 
the  Godolphin  Arabian.  Now  if  any  one  will  investigate  the  pedigree  of  any 
of  our  stallions  they  will  find  them  in-bred  to  all  three  of  these  great  strains, 
Herod,  Eclipse,  and  Matchem. 

*  (P.  310.)  It  seems  that  the  best  trotters  we  have  had  and  now  have,  those 
capable  of  compassing  a  distance  of  ground,  have  a  cross  of  thoroughbred 
blood.  Imp.  Messenger  and  his  descendants  are  the  most  popular  cioss,  and 
Messenger  was  a  race  horse  and  not  noted  particularly  for  trotting  action.  We 
firmly  believe  that  the  thoroughbred  sire  crossed  upon  trotting  mares  will  pro- 
duce a  higher  type  of  trotters  than  the  trotting  stallion  crossed  on  the  thorough* 
bred  or  trotting  mare. 


Vol.  II.— ^3 


•^u 


THB  HOBSa. 


BREAKING  THE  HORSE. 

LEARNING   TO    RIDE,   PRACTICAL    HORSEMANSHIP. 

1  NOW  come  to  a  very  important  part  of  my  subject,  to  one  very 
different  from  any  on  which  I  have  yet  touched,  but  at  the  same 
time,  one  on  which  I  hold  most  definite  opinions,  and  one,  touch- 
ing which  it  appears  to  me  that  there  is  vast  room  for  improve- 
ment, in  the  Ufiited  States  generally ;  I  mean  the  breaking  of 
horses,  and  the  riding  of  men. 

In  the  first  place,  I  must  say  it,  whether  it  give  pleasure  to 
my  readers  or  the  reverse,  one  rarely  if  ever  sees  a  properly  and 
thoroughly-broke  horse,  in  America,  and  still  more  rarely  a 
thorough  horseman. 

In  the  United  States,  generally,  a  horse  is  called  thoroughly- 
broke,  when  he  will  allow  himself  to  be  mounted  and  ridden, 
or  put  in  harness  and  driven,  without  rearing,  plunging,  kicking, 
throwing  his  rider  over  his  head,  or  smashing  the  vehicle  to 
pieces  with  his  heels— when  he  will  neither  run  away,  nor  stand 
still,  in  spite  of  his  owner's  will ;  when,  in  a  word,  he  is  sub- 
dued, gentle,  and  free  from  vice,  and  when  he  has  acquired  a 
certain  facility  of  going  along,  at  the  regular  paces  of  wallc,  trot, 
canter  or  gallop,  with  some  indistinct  sort  of  reference  to  the 
wishes  of  the  person  who  directs  him— but  without  the  slightest 
reference  to  his  mode  of  carrying  himself,  whether  with  iiis  nose 
in  the  air,  or  thrust  obstinately  out  before  him,  in  a  straight  Ime 
with  his  body,  like  a  run-away  pig ;  or,  naturally  and  gracefully 
in  its  place,  with  the  neck  curved,  the  line  of  the  face  perpen- 
dicular to  the  surface  of  the  earth,  the  chin  in  toward  the  chest. 


A   WELL-BROKB   HOR8B. 


355 


HANSHIP. 

t,  to  one  very 

at  the  same 

id  one,  toiich- 

for  improve- 

Q  breaking  of 

e  pleasure  to 
I  properly  and 
aore  rarely  a 

id  tlioroughly- 
i  and  ridden, 
ging,  kicking, 
the  vehicle  to 
rt^ay,  nor  stand 
rd,  he  is  tjub- 
las  acquired  a 
!  of  wallc,  trot, 
erence  to  the 
t  the  slightest 
[•  with  iiis  nose 
a  straifrht  line 
md  grticefully 
face  porpen- 
ard  the  chest. 


the  mouth  playing  gently  with  tlio  hits,  and  yielding  to  every 
touch  of  the  bridle — witliout  tlie  slightest  reference  to  his  tnude 
of  going,  wlu'tlier  with  his  fore-quartei"H  boring  and  weigh- 
ing on  the  hand,  and  with  his  hind-quarters,  lobbing  along  just 
as  it  may  happen,  all  abroad,  under  no  control  of  the  rider,  and 
in  no  concert  or  connection  with  the  action  or  movements  of  the 
foreliHiid  and  fore  legs;  or  with  his  whoh'  frame  in  })eifoct  equi- 
librium and  concert,  whether  going  united  or  disunited,  his  fore- 
hand all  grace,  lightness  and  ease,  as  if  on  springs,  his  hind- 
quarters well  under  liim,  and  the  centre  of  the  whole  animal's 
and  rider's  gravity,  exactly  where  it  ought  to  be,  in  the  centre 
of  the  liorse's  body,  and  under  the  centre  of  the  horseman's  seat — 
which  if  true  and  truly  kept,  in  all  possible  circumstances  and  con- 
ditions of  position  and  motion  on  the  part  of  the  animul,  whether 
going  at  a  regular  pace,  rearing,  plunging,  kicking,  leaping  or 
even  falling,  should  be  such  that  tlie  man's  trunk  shall  always  be 
perpendicular  to  the  natural  or  true  plane  of  the  horizon — without, 
lastly,  the  slightest  reference  to  the  manner  of  his  e  iitering  upon, 
changing  or  regulating  his  paces,  whether  at  his  own  will  or  at 
the  pleasure  of  the  rider  ;  whether  merely  from  skwer  to  faster, 
because  urged  to  increased  speed,  or  at  a  given  and  recognized 
signal,  at  once  from  the  walL  to  the  tret,  or  to  the  canter,  as  the 
horseman  directs  by  hand  and  heel ;  whether  stopping  at  once, 
and  again  proceeding,  at  a  touch  of  tlie  bridle,  or  merely  hauled 
down  by  main  force  from  a  gallop  to  a  trot,  and  from  a  trot  to  a 
walk. 

Now,  a  horse  is,  in  reality,  just  as  far  from  being  broke,  when 
he  will  go  along  peaceably  in  his  own  natural  way,  and  at  his 
own  natural  paces,  under  the  guidance  of  his  own  untaught  will, 
either  carrying  his  head  just  as  his  own  obstinate  humor  or  physi- 
cal malformation  predisposes  him  to  do,  or  having  it  dragged 
into  its  place,  and  kept  there,  by  that  disgrace  to  horsemanship — 
a  martingale — as  a  rider  is  far  from  being  a  horseman,  when  he 
can  just  contrive  to  stick  upon  a  horse,  by  the  aid  of  hanging  on 
by  means  of  his  hands  and  of  his  bridle  by  a  dead  pull  on  the 
beast's  mouth,  which,  in  order  to  steady  himself  in  his  seat,  he 
renders  as  hard,  as  insensible,  and  as  unyielding  to  the  bit,  as  if 
it  were  a  piece  of  sole-leather  or  a  stone  wall. 

A  horse  may  be  an  admirable  match-trotter,  or  a  first-rate 


856 


TnG   noB8E. 


racc-linrce,  ntid  still  1)0  utterly  >iiibroken  ami  subject  to  every  one 
of  the  detects  I  have  named  above— because  a  nuvtch  trotter,  or  a 
race-horse,  is  only  reciuired  t<»  be  able  to  acconiplisli  one  thing; 
that  in  togothe^Moati'Ktpaceand  win,  witimnt  any  regard  to  the 
stylo,  apiJearance,  inanm-r  or  form  of  doing  it ;  and,  in  fact,  to  put 
him  into  trained  i)aces  might  probably  detract  from  his  speed,  in- 
stead of  increasing  it— but  what  is  tlu-  consequence— that,  because 
nuitch-trotters  ami  race-horses  are  allowed  to  batli-r  away,  in  any 
awkward,  ungainly,  pnllciy-hauley,  nose-out,  head-down,  boring 
way  of  going,  they  nuiy  naturally  adopt,  they  are,  ninety-nine 
times  out  of  a  hundred,  the  most  disagreeable,  bone-setting, 
shoulder-dislocating,  indocile,  unmanageable  brutes  to  ride,  that 
can  be  inuigiiunl.  Where  one  is  not  so — as  was  the  case  with  the 
race-mare  Fashion,  arul  as  is  always  the  case  with  a  few  thorough- 
breds, ami  still  fewer  trotters— it  is  because  the  aninuil  is  naturally 
perfectly  well  made,  well  balanced  and  harmonious  in  all  its  parts; 
and  noci'ssarily,  as  a  consequence  of  that  physical  perfection  of 
form,  perfect,  also,  in  all  its  motions.  When  to  this,  a  perfect 
temper  is  added,  you  have — if  it  fall  into  the  right  hands,  of  a 
person  who  will  not  by  his  own  ignorance,  inflexibility  of  hand, 
or  unsteadiness  of  seat,  teach  it  bad  habits — one  of  those  phe- 
nomena, a  perfect,  natural  horse,  which  requires  no  breaking. 

Just  in  the  same  way,  a  man  may  be  an  admirable  jockey, 
and  perfection  as  a  match-trotter,  and  yet  may  be,  especially 
in  the  case  of  the  latter,  no  horseman  in  the  large  sense  of  the 
^oi'd — for,  though  each  can  ride  one  sort  of  hoi'se  to  perfection, 
on  any  other  kind  of  horse  he  will  be  nowhere ;  and,  in  the  case 
of  the  match-trotter,  the  very  qualities  which  give  him  success, 
to  wit,  his  method  of  keeping  a  dead  pull  through  the  rings  of 
a  martingale,  in  one  steady  direction  and  at  nearly  one  force, 
upon  a  mouth  which  has  been  instructed  to  require  such  an  un- 
relaxed  pull,  to  pull  against  it,  and  to  lean  upon  it,  and  his  ne- 
cessarily acquired  habit  of  steadying  his  seat,  thrown  far  back  in 
his  saddle,  by  the  arm's-length  pull  at  the  mouth,  and  by  the 
firm,  bearing  pressure  on  his  stirrups,  will  unfit  him  for  any 
other  seat,  or  any  other  mode  of  riding. 

Put  the  b38t  jockey  rider,  used  to  make  the  best  of  hard-pidl- 
ing,  boring  race-horses,  leaning  on  the  hand  and  tearing  away  at 
the  top  of  their  speed,  on  the  back  of  a  perfectly-made  bunter. 


ttSMMMH 


MM 


IlOHSEMANSniP. 


8S7 


every  one 
nitter,  or  a 
iiu!  thing; 
;urtl  to  tlio 
iict,  to  put 

I  speed,  in- 
it,  hocuuse 
•ay,  iu  any 
vn,  boring 
lincty-nine 
no-setting, 
)  ride,  iliat 
ic  with  the 

thorougli- 
8  naturally 

II  its  parts ; 
rfection  of 
,  a  perfect 
lands,  of  a 
ty  of  hand, 
those  phe- 
ireaking. 
jle  jockey, 

especially 
snse  of  the 
perfection, 
in  the  case 
im  success, 
le  rings  of 

one  force, 
uch  an  un- 
md  his  ne- 
far  back  in 
and  by  the 
im  for  any 

f  hard-p\dl- 
ing  away  at 
ide  hunter, 


with  a  mouth  like  velvet,  used  to  moderate  and  measure  his 
stride  by  the  slightest  impression  of  his  rider's  hand,  used  to 
take  nil",  when  leaping,  at  a  given  place,  or  a  given  signal  of  bit 
and  heel,  and  tell  him  to  ride  aenws  a  stiff  line  of  country,  with 
large  fences  and  ugly  water  diteheR,  alongside  of  a  pack  of 
fox-iiounds — and  see  whore  he  will  he. 

Take  iriram  Woodruff,  and  set  him  on  the  back  of  such  a 
managed  horse  as  Franeoni's  "  iJayard,"  with  no  snatlhi  and 
martingale,  by  which  to  steady  himself  in  his  seat,  but  a  bit  and 
bridoon,  the  least  touch  of  which  will  set  the  horse  on  end,  i)iv- 
oting  on  his  fore  or  hind  feet,  and  leaping  six  feet  into  the  air 
on  all  four  legs,  with  diversifications  of  sobresaults,  croupades, 
bilotades,  and  caprioles,  executed  with  three  or  four  motions  of 
the  hind  legs  while  in  the  air,  and  reqinre  of  him,  in  addition, 
to  go  through  the  lance  or  broad-sword  exercise,  with  his  right 
arm,  and  see  how  long  it  will  be  before  he  be  himself  out  of 
his  saddle,  and,  in  all  likelihood,  before  he  have  the  horse  on 
his  back  at  top  of  him. 

The  breaking  of  the  horse  and  the  riding  of  the  man  de- 
pend each  on  the  other. 

The  thoroughly  broken  horse  must  have  no  will,  know  no 
pleasure,  but  that  of  his  rider,  communicated  to  him  by  hand 
and  heel,  by  the  influence  of  the  bit  on  his  mouth,  and  the 
pressure  of  the  limb  on  his  flank ;  not  as  compulsory  forces, 
which  enforce  obedience  by  sheer  strength,  but  as  intimations 
of  a  wish  which  he  nmst  obey,  for  fear  of  consequences,  which 
are  found  to  follow  disobedience.  His  mouth  must  be  obedient 
to  every  touch,  regulating  the  position  of  the  head,  the  flexure 
of  the  neck,  the  elevation  or  depression  of  the  forehand,  the 
consecutive  movement  of  the  hind  quarters — directing  the 
choice,  the  change,  and  the  rate,  or  speed,  of  all  his  paces,  and 
causing  him  to  advance,  retrograde,  move  sideways,  halt  sud- 
denly, or  gradually,  measure  his  strides,  lengthening  or  short- 
ening them  as  required,  wheel  round,  rise  at  his  leap,  and, 
above  all,  carry  his  nose  gracefully  and  easily,  and  get  his  quar- 
ter well  imder  him,  according  to  the  impressions  conveyed  to 
hnn  by  the  hands,  the  limbs,  and  the  will  of  his  rider. 

The  thoroughly  broken  horse,  if  he  be  also  ordinarily  well 
made,  requires  only  the  simplest  trappings  ;  a  plain,  well-fitting 
saddle,  with  two  girths,  neither  breast  plate  nor  crupper,  a  simple 


3r)8 


TItE   HOKBR. 


bridle,  either  a  plain  bit  and  bridoon,  or  enafflo  and  curb,  the 
latter  not  severe  or  cruel  in  form — or  if  ho  be  unconunonly 
lij^lif-nioiitlicd,  a  pelliaiii  bit,  an  it  in  cullfd,  {;oimiHtiii>;  of  a  Hiiaf- 
flt' jdiiitL'd  ni(nitli-j)ii'co,  without  a  port,  but  witli  branchew  and  a 
curl)  chain — in  Bonio  cancH,  a  siinpUs  HiuifHe. 

In  no  poHHiblo  case,  for  a  roadster,  hunter,  hackney,  or  driv- 
h\^  horse,  in  a  nuirtingalo  allowable.  It  either  indicates  that 
the  horse  is  not  half,  or  half  a  quarter,  broken — or  that,  in  con- 
sequence of  some  radical  and  incurable  fault  of  conformation  or 
defect  of  temper,  he  is  utterly  unfit  to  be  either  ridden  or  driven 
at  all.  Of  all  inventions  ever  made,  except  for  a  racer  or  a 
match-trotter,  or,  in  some  extremely  exceptional  cases,  a  hunter, 
for  instance,  whose  other  extraordinary  qualities  may  compen- 
sate for  and  overbalance  his  want  of  mouth  and  malformation  of 
head  and  nock — as  sjjeed  and  endurance  do,  in  the  racer  and 
trotter — none  is  so  certain,  as  the  running  martingale,  to  destroy 
the  mouth  of  the  horse  and  the  hand  of  the  rider,  rendering  both, 
alike  and  equally,  hard,  heavy,  inflexible,  unyielding,  and  void 
of  sensation. 

No  horse,  which  cannot  be  ridden  or  driven  without  the  aid 
of  a  running  martingale,  is  fit  to  be  ridden  or  driven,  at  all,  as 
a  matter  of  pleasure  or  safety. 

No  man,  boy,  or  woman,  who  has  learned  to  ride  by  aid  of 
a  martingale  and  snaiilo,  can  ever,  by  any  possibility,  have 
either  a  liand  or  a  seat.  He  or  she  will  sit  and  keep  their  place  by 
the  hand  and  stirrup,  instead  of  by  the  unassisted  forces  of  the 
body,  and,  depending  on  the  hand,  as  on  a  main  stay  by  which 
to  secure  the  position  in  the  saddle,  will  lose  all  use  of  it  in 
guiding  or  controlling  the  animal. 

The  first  thing,  therefore,  that  a  rider  must  learn,  is  to  sit  a 
horse  perfectly,  without  the  aid  of  either  stirrup  or  rein ;  to  be 
able  to  move  arms,  legs,  hands,  head,  trunk,  and  thighs,  all 
separately,  and  without  moving  tlie  other  parts,  or  affecting  their 
position. 

Then,  his  hand,  being  utterly  unaffected  and  undisturbed  by 
any  necessary  movements  or  changes  of  position  of  his  own 
limbs  or  body,  or  by  any  irregular,  violent,  or  awkward  pertur- 
bations and  efforts  of  the  horse,  will  be  perfectly  free  to  in- 
struct, guide,  control,  assist,  relieve,  support,  and,  in  case  of  ne- 
cessity, compel  the  animal. 


BMiiiMKSi 


iiid  curl),  the 

uncoiiunonly 

iii^  of  a  Hiiaf- 

runclu'H  und  a 

krioy,  or  driv- 
ndlcutuH  that 
■  that,  in  con- 
tiformation  or 
den  or  driven 
a  racer  or  a 
1808,  n  hunter, 
nuiy  corupon- 
il  format  ion  of 
lie  racer  and 
lie,  to  destroy 
ndering  both, 
ing,  and  void 

ithout  the  aid 
ifen,  at  all,  as 

ide  by  aid  of 
libility,  have 
their  place  by 
forces  of  the 
tay  by  which 
1  use  of  it  in 

rn,  is  to  sit  a 
r  rein ;  to  be 
id  thighs,  all 
.tfecting  their 

idisturbed  by 
»  of  his  own 
:ward  pertur- 
ly  free  to  in- 
n  case  of  ne- 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


^  J'i  ^   >/ 


f/j 


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'4^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


i 

ij 

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'    1 

,i'' 

1 

A  LIGHT  HAND. 


359 


The  great  beauty  of  a  hand  is  perfect  lightness  of  touch,  to 
be  constantly  feeling  and  playing  with  the  sensitive  mouth  of 
the  animal— which  will  soon  come  to  delight  in  the  influence  of 
such  a  hand,  and  will  manifest  its  pleasure  by  tossing,  rolling 
over  and  over,  and  champing  the  bits— to  be  continually  guiding 
and  directing  every  motion,  and  regulating  every  step,  by  the 
slightest  possible  exertion  of  force,  which  will  accomplish  its 
end  ;  to  be  for  ever  giving  and  taking;  never  continuing  to  use 
force  a  moment  after  resistance  has  ceased,  or  obedience  been 
yielded ;  never  submitting  to  be  overpowered,  for  a  moment. 
It  is  not  easy  for  any  one,  it  is  not  possible  for  every  one,  to 
obtain  quite  a  perfect  hand — for  some  men  are  deficient  in 
sensibility  of  touch,  in  tact,  and  in  temper,  all  of  which  are 
needed  to  produce  absolute  perfection  ;  but  every  one  is  capa- 
ble of  obtaining  a  steady  seat  and  a  passable  hand,  suflScient 
for  all  ordinary  purposes;  though  not,  perhaps,  such  as  would 
enable  him  to  go  across  a  country,  like  Squire  Osbaldeston,  or 
to  make  a  managed  horse  dance  to  music,  like  Sir  Sidney 
Meadows  or  Franconi. 

The  annexed  cuts,  one  and  two,  show  the  first  and  general 
position  of  the  hand,  and  the 
method  of  holding  the  bridle 
rein;  the  first,  when  riding 
with  a  single  snaffle  bit,  the 
reins  then  being  held  between 
the  middle  and  tho  fourth,  and 
outside  of  the  little  fingers,  the 
ends  being  brought  out,  and 
secured  from  slipping  between  the  forefinger  and  the  ball  of  the 

thumb. 

Tlie  second,  when  a  bit  and  bridoon  are  used,  with  two 
reins ;  in  which  case  the  snaf- 
fle reins  are  held,  as  here 
shown,  between  the  middle 
and  fourth,  and  the  fourth  and 
little  fingers;  the  curb  reins 
between  the  fore  and  middle 
fingers,  and  outside  of  the  lit- 
tle fino;er ;  the  ends  to  be  held 
and  secured  as  before. 


and  bridoon  are  used,  with  two 


360 


THE   HOB8B. 


N 


This  method  of  holding  the  reins,  when  riding  with  one 
hand,  is  invariable ;  tliough  the  position  of  the  hands  must  ne- 
cessarily be  varied,  at  times,  and  the  nails  may  be  held  perpen- 
dicularly and  inward,  with  the  forefinger  and  thumb  upward., 
instead  of  horizontally  or  downward. 

In  galloping  hard,  or  riding  across  country,  especially  with 
a  hard-pulling  horse,  or  one  that  throws  his  head  from  side  to 
side,  it  is  often  well  to  separate  the  reins,  between  the  two 
hands ;  which  may  be  held  nearer  or  farther  apart,  as  the  cir- 
cumstances of  the  case  may  require. 

In  such  cases,  one  snaffle  and  one  curb  rein  is  held  in  each 
hand ;  the  former  between  the  middle  and  fourth  fingers,  the 
latter  outside  the  little  fingers,  the  ends  brought  out  upward 
and  held  securely,  as  before,  between  the  thumb  and  forefinger. 
This  gives  the  greatest  attainable  power  of  control,  and  allows 
the  exercise  of  the  greatest  force  on  the  horse,  by  an  upward 
and  backward  pull,  assisted  by  thrusting  the  weight  of  the  body 
into  the  stirrups,  by  straightening  the  knee  and  keeping  the 
heel  well  down. 

In  teaching  a  horse,  it  is  often  well  to  divide  the  reins 
otherwise ;  holding  the  snaffle  reins  in  the  left  hand,  as  directed 
above,  and  the  curb  reins  in  the  right,  the  former  to  regulate 
pace  and  control  the  animal,  the  latter  to  give  the  proper  posi- 
tion and  flexures  to  the  head  and  neck,  and  to  direct  the  mo- 
tions of  the  limbs. 

The  methods  of  doing  this  will  be  given  hereafter.  The  fol- 
lowing admirable  directions,  as  to  the  mode  of  acquiring  dif- 
ferent styles  of  seats  and  the  uses  and  modifications  of  such,  are 
from  an  excellent  English  horse-writer,  known  by  the  nom  de 
j)lnme  of  "  Harry  Hieover."  I  have  slightly  modified  them,  in 
some  places,  where  they  contain  local  allusions,  which  are  not 
readily  understood  or  appreciated  by  the  American  reader; 
and,  that  done,  I  fully  endorse  and  rocommend  them  to  mj- 
friends,  as  the  most  practical  and  comprehensive  in  the  world. 
It  will  be  seen,  that  they  relate,  in  some  considerable  degree,  to 
English  across-country  riding ;  but  this  is  no  disadvantage  to 
the  American  reader,  or  pupil,  even  if  he  never  intend  to  leap 
a  fence,  or  ride  to  a  hound,  as  long  as  he  live. 

Since  the  hunting  seat  is  undeniably  the  best,  the  strongest 


THE  HUNTING   SEAT. 


361 


ng  with  one 

nds  must  ne- 

held  perpen- 

iimb  upward^ 

ipecially  with 

from  side  to 

veeii  the  two 

rt,  as  the  cir- 

held  in  each 
th  fingers,  the 
it  out  upward 
ind  forefinger, 
ol,  and  allows 
by  an  upward 
ht  of  the  body 
1  keeping  the 

ide  the  reins 
id,  as  directed 
ler  to  regulate 
s  proper  posi- 
iirect  the  mo- 

fter.  The  fol- 
acquiring  dif- 
ns  of  such,  are 
by  the  nom  de 
dified  them,  in 
which  are  not 
jrican  reader; 
i  them  to  m}' 
3  in  the  world, 
ible  degree,  to 
isadvantage  to 
intend  to  leap 

,  the  strongest 


and  the  firmest,  for  all  general  purposes ;  and,  when  once 
adopted,  can  easily  be  modified  by  lowering  the  heel,  lengthen- 
ing the  stirrup-leather  a  trifle,  and  riding  with  the  ball  of  the 
foot  instead  of  the  hollow  of  the  instep,  on  the  bar,  into  the  park, 
parade,  or  half  military  seat. 

The  hunting  band  is  necessarily  the  best  of  all  hands ;  be- 
cause the  safety  both  of  horse  and  ridor  depends  on  it,  in  every 
position  ;  and  on  it — more  even  than  on  the  scat— except  in  so 
far  as  the  seat  aflects  or  does  not  affect  the  hand — does  the  ex- 
cellence and  success  of  the  rider  consist. 

Lastly,  because  a  man,  who  can  ride  a  horse  right  well  across- 
country,  must  necessarily  be  able  to  sit  and  to  handle  any  horse, 
any  wliere — because  he  must  be  absolutely  master  of  himself 
and  of  his  horse,  in  all  conceivable  cases  and  positions ;  and  be- 
cause he  will  readily  be  able  to  adopt  any  other  style  of  riding, 
and  adapt  himself  to  it,  whenever  it  may  be  required  ;  because 
he  must,  to  be  a  good  across-country  rider,  have  fully  estab- 
lished a  perfect  seat  on  his  horse's  back  independent  of  his 
hand,  and  a  perfect  hand  on  his  horse's  mouth,  independent  of 
his  seat.  The  accompanying  sketch  shows,  as  nearly  as  possi- 
ble, a  perfect  seat  for  across-country  riding,  or  for  general  road- 
riding  of  a  trotting  horse,  when  the  horse  and  rider  are  both  at 
rest. 


For  parade  or  show-riding  the  stirrup  should  be  a  little  longer, 
the  ball  of  the  foot,  at  the  insertion  of  the  great  toe,  should  rest 


869 


THE  H0R8B. 


on  tlie  inner  side  of  the  bar  of  the  stirrup  iron,  and  the  ball  of 
the  little  toe  on  the  outer  side  of  it.  The  toe  should  be  perpen- 
dicularly under  the  point  of  the  knee ;  the  lieel  two  inches  be- 
low the  toe ;  the  heel  a  little  out,  and  the  whole  leg,  from  tiie 
shank  bone  to  the  crotch,  as  tight  to  the  saddle,  as  if  glned  to 
it ;  the  buttocks  well  opened  out  and  down  upon  the  saddle ; 
the  small  of  the  back  well  in ;  the  chest  expanded,  the  head 
erect,  the  shouldere  squared  at  right  angles  to  the  line  of  the 
horse's  backbone ;  the  elbows  close  to  the  sides,  the  hands  well 
down,  and  within  an  inch  or  two  of  the  saddlebow. 

It  is  a  good  plan,  to  learn  to  mount  a  horee  from  the  front, 
standing  abreast  with  hie  fore  legs,  and  with  your  back  to  the 
direction  in  which  he  is  looking,  as  a  vicious  horse  cannot  kick 
you  in  this  position.  You  divide  your  reins  properly  in  your 
left  hand,  grasping  with  it  a  lock  of  hair  on  the  withers,  put 
your  left  foot  into  the  stirrup  exactly  as  it  hangs,  square  to  the 
saddle,  throw  your  right  hand  to  the  cantle  of  the  saddle,  and, 
with  a  slight  spring  and  rotatory  motion  of  the  right  leg,  you 
are  in  the  saddle  in  an  instant. 

I  will  here  add,  that  tlie  measure  of  the  stirrup  leather  for  a 
well-made  man,  for  an  ordinary  seat,  is  the  length  of  his  arm, 
with  the  fingers  extended.  If  these  be  set  against  the  bar  in 
the  saddle,  to  which  the  stirrup  leather  is  secured,  the  bar  of 
the  stirrup  iron  itself,  when  the  leather  is  drawn  to  full  stretch, 
should  come  well  up  to  the  armpit,  and  touch  the  body. 

For  riding  across  country,  or  on  hard  trotting  horses,  an  inch 
or  two  shorter  will  be  advisable.  A  good  test  for  the  length,  in 
such  cases,  is  to  be  able  to  place  the  width  of  your  hand,  held 
edgeways,  between  your  fork  and  the  pommel  of  your  saddle, 
when  standing  up  in  the  stirrups. 

The  best  general  rules  for  riding  are  these  ;  keep  your  head 
and  toes  up ;  your  hands  and  heels  down  ;  your  knees  and  el- 
bows in ;  your  thighs  and  buttocks  close  to  the  saddle. 

1  now  proceed  to  give  from  Harry  Hieover's  practical 
horsemanship,  the  modes  by  which  a  man  may  become  a  horse- 
man. 

"  There  are  three  modes,  by  any  of  which  a  man  may  become 
a  hori,eman.    The  one  is,  by  putting  him  on  an  ass,  pony,  gallo- 


TEACHING   TO   RIDE, 


3G3 


tnd  tbe  ball  of 
mid  be  perpen- 
two  inches  be- 
3  leg,  from  tiie 
,  as  if  gl'ied  to 
)n  the  saddle ; 
iided,  the  head 
the  line  of  the 
the  hands  well 
»w. 

Tom  the  front, 
iir  back  to  the 
rse  cannot  kick 
•operly  in  your 
he  withers,  put 
i,  square  to  the 
he  saddle,  and, 
right  leg,  you 

ap  leather  for  a 
:th  of  his  arm, 
inst  the  bar  in 
•ed,  the  bar  of 
L  to  full  stretch, 
le  body, 
horses,  an  inch 
ir  the  length,  in 
our  hand,  held 
3f  your  saddle, 

ceep  your  head 
'  knees  and  el- 
addle. 

(ver's  practical 
)ecome  a  horse- 

an  may  become 
iss,  pony,  gallo- 


way, and  horse,  each  in  succession,  as  a  boy,  and  allowing  him 
to  tumble  about  till  he  learns  to  stick  on,  in  which  case  practice 
will  teach  him,  certainly,  a  iirm  seat  and  probably  good  hands  ; 
but,  farther  than  this,  by  being  accustomed,  first  to  sutTer  from, 
and  afterward  to  be  quite  aware  of,  the  various  tricks  and  habits 
of  horses,  he  will  learn  to  be  aware  of  the  symptoms  preluding 
their  being  brougl't  into  practice,  and  eventually  become  com- 
petent to  counteract  them. 

The  next  mode  is,  supposing  a  pei-son  to  have  arrived  at 
manhood  without  crossing  a  horse,  to  place  him  under  a  proper 
instructor,  who  will  certainly  save  him  many  a  fall,  by  putting 
him  on  a  docile  animal,  and,  step  by  step,  leading  the  pupil  on 
to  horsemanship. 

It  may  be  objected,  that  the  last  mode  would  only  teach  the 
riding  of  a  trained  and  quiet  horse,  and  I  allow  tlie  full  force 
of  this  objection  ;  and  if  the  pupil  expressed  a  wish  of  simply 
being  taught  to  ride  well  enough  to  navigate  his  steed  up  and 
down  a  park  ride,  as  oome  friend  probably  learns  to  manage  a 
boat  on  a  canal,  the  one  will  probably  never  be  able  to  encoun- 
ter a  severe  day's  work  on  the  back  of  a  difficult  horse,  or  the 
other  a  chopping  sea  in  any  part  of  the  Bay  of  Biscay.  Bat 
if  the  learner  of  equestrianism  says — "  Make  me  a  horseman," 
seat  and  hands  can  certainly  be  learned  in  a  riding-school  quite 
as  well  as  in  any  situation  I  know  of — no  bad  foundation — if 
obtained — to  becoming  a  horseman  ;  and  there  are  means  and 
appli&iices  in  a  riding-school  to  teach  something  more  than  the 
mere  walking,  trotting,  and  cantering  a  kind  of  automaton  horse 
round  its  enclosure. 

As  a  boy,  I  believe  I  may  say,  I  could  ride  any  thing,  and 
cared  little  for  pace,  fence,  or  country,  or  whether  I  could  hold 
my  horse  or  not ;  but  when  I  was  put  on  the  back  of  a  very 
highly-dressed  manege  horse,  and  was  directed  what  to  do  with 
rein  and  heel,  and  when  the  voice  and  whip  of  the  professor  in- 
duced the  horee  to  rear,  put  his  two  fore  feet  on  the  wall,  and  in 
that  position  using  hind  and  fore  feet  perpetrate  a  kind  of  side- 
long canter  half  way  down  the  school,  I  was  not  a  little  aston- 
ished, and  found  sitting  leaps  over  hurdles,  gates,  and  fences 
much  more  easy  than  balancing  my  body  in  this  rampant  crab- 
like pace,  if  pace  it  could  be  called. 


864 


THE  nORSE. 


I  fiirtlier  fomul,  to  my  unbouTulcd  Burprise,  that  this  hor3e 
would  vault  on  tli',;  itlano  surface  of  the  kcIiooI,  wlieii  tele- 
gi-aiilied  to  do  ao,  as  hh^h  as  a  hunter  at  u  gate,  and  this  several 
times  in  suceossion. 

Although  as  obedient  to  my  riding-school  tutor  as  a  c  a- 
ccited  young  cul),  who  had  rode  fox-hunting,  could  he  expected 
to  be,  there  was  one  point  at  issue  between  us;  he  advocated 
the  lengthened  stirrup  leather,  straight  knee,  and  erect  military 
seat.  I  p(;rtiuaciously  adhered  to  the  reverse,  fully  impressed 
with  the  conviction  that,  having  shown  the  way  at  fences  to 
some  men  in  the  hunting-field,  and  exhibited  with  success  on  a 
race-course,  1  must  know  what  riding  was,  better  than  all  the 
school  tutors  in  existence.  This  would,  no  doubt,  have  been 
fatal  to  my  ])rogre8S,  had  I  been  learning  military  horseman- 
ship ;  but  as  I  was  oidy  placed  there  to  learn  hands,  I  conde- 
scended to  be  instructed  in  this  particular;  and  both  in  that  im- 
portant qualification,  and,  indeed,  in  firmness  »>f  seat,  I  profited 
much  by  my  school  practice. 

We  now  come  to  the  third,  and  by  far  the  best  and  most 
certain  mode  of  n'aking  a  horseman.  This  is  by  putting  a  hoy 
on  horseback  ^  i^vy  early  in  life,  and  also  putting  him  under  the 
care  of  a  good  horseman,  as  his  instructor.  Practice  will  cer- 
tainly, in  a  general  way,  teach  a  man  of  ordinary  ability  a  good 
and  ready  mode  of  doing  that,  which  he  has  constant  occasion 
to  do ;  but  it  does  not  always  follow,  that  by  practice  he  learns 
the  very  best  mode  of  doing  it ;  he  does  it  sufKciently  well  per- 
haps to  answer  his  purpose  ;  but  if  there  is  a  better  and  quicker 
mode  of  effecting  his  object,  he  loses  time  by  not  adopting  it, 
and  does  not  effect  his  object  nearly  so  well.  If  a  boy  or  man 
has  sense  and  temper  enough  to  be  taught,  he  will  save  an  in- 
finity of  time,  expense,  and  probably  danger  or  hurt  by  learn- 
ing ;  if  not,  in  the  case  of  riding,  let  him  get  a  severe  fall  or 
two,  or  some  equal  inconvenience  ;  he  will  then  learn  that  there 
are  others,  who  know  a  little  move  than  himself,  and  he  will 
possibly  afterward  be  willing  to  take  instruction  from  any  com- 
petent hand. 

Tlie  result  jf  these  three  different  modes  of  learning  horee- 
manship  'vould  probably  be  this — ^The  one  who  learns  to  ride 
by  sheer  practice,  will  become  very  probably  a  good  bold  praq- 


IHK  NATURAL   RIOKR. 


305 


t  this  hor3e 
wlion  tele- 
tliis  scverul 

>r  as  a  c  n- 
he  cxpocted 
3  udvoodted 
eci/  inilitivry 
Y  irnprcsse"! 

\t    fl!l>fOS    to 

;iiccoss  on  a 
liun  a)l  the 
,  have  been 
r  horsciiian- 
[Is,  1  cnnde- 
\  in  that  im- 
Lt,  I  profited 

it  and  most 
itting  a  hoy 
m  under  the 
ice  will  cer- 
lility  a  good 
mt  occasion 
ice  he  learns 
ly  well  per- 
and  quicker 
adopting  it, 
boy  or  man 
save  an  in- 
rt  by  learn- 
jvere  fall  or 
rn  that  there 
and  he  will 
om  any  com- 

rning  horse- 
larns  to  ride 
>d  bold  praq- 


tical  rider,  but  not  a  scientific  one.  Tie  one  taught  chiefly  by 
precept  may,  nay  will,  become  more  or  less  scientific  ;  but  will 
never  get  the  perfectly  easy  and  natural  seat  or  look  of  him, 
who  began  riding  at  an  early  age.  lie  will  never  look  as  if  a 
seat  on  horseback  and  on  a  chair  was  e(iiially  natural  to  him ; 
he  will  always  appear  artificial.  I  do  not  mean  to  say  he  n>ay 
not  be  made  to  ride  well,  possibly  boldly;  and,  if  well  mounted, 
may  in  two  or  three  seasons  get  to  ride  across  country,  as  well 
as  many,  jjcrhaps  most,  out.  Still  he  will  never  yhake  ofi'  the 
certain  arti,^tical  manner  of  doing  things,  inseparable  from  being 
first  taught,  jind  then  practising,  iiutead  of  the  learning  and 
practising  having  gone  hand  in  hand  from  boyhood  or  child- 
hood. 

I  havn,  porhapp,  used  the  term  artistically,  so  as  to  imply 
that  doing  a  thing  Urns,  that  is,  like  an  artist,  is  eynonyinof.s  to 
descriiymg  it  as  being  done  well.     I  grant  it  is  so  ;  but  the  dif- 
ferent modes  of  doing  it  is  great ;  for  instance,  brilliant  jockeya 
and  race-riders  take  hold  of  their  reins  .liti^-tically  ;  so  do  good 
hunting-riders  and  steeplechasers;  that  is,  they  do  so  like  men 
accustomed  to  do  it ;  but  they  do  not  do  so  like  a  dragoon.     He 
is  taught  but  one  way  of  taking  up  his  bridle  rein  and  one  way 
of  mounting  his  horse  ;  the  others  take  their  reins  np  in  a  seem- 
ingly careless  way,  but  still  in  a  proper  one.     The  troop  horse 
is  trained  to  stand  still  till  mounted,  and  has  a  hint  to  move  on ; 
60  the  same  precise  way  of  mounting  can  always  be  practised. 
But  the  race  or  steeplechase  horses,  and  hunters,  are  not  thus 
obedient ;  some  fi  om  vice  will  bite  or  kick,  if  they  get  a  chance, 
or  perhaps  plunge  before  or  after  mounting,  or  sometimes  both ; 
others  from  excitement  fidget  about  and  away  from  the  rider, 
before  he  gets  his  foot  in  the  stirrup  ;  others,  the  moment  he  has 
done  so  ;  therefore  such  men  are  obliged  to  get  on  their  horses 
^.„  ^i-cumstan   3s  permit, — that  is,  as  they  can.     Still  they  do  so 
Iffce  artists,     it  would  not  quite  have  done  for  a  man  to  stand 
twisting  his  fingers  in  a  high-spirited,  half-vicious  thorough- 
bred's mane,  and  then  get  on,  or  attempt  to  get  on  him  in  ac- 
cordance with  prescribed  riding-school  practice ;  he  would  have 
been  half  eaten  before  he  get  into  his  saddle. 

The  echool-taught  pupil  gets  up,  we  will  say,  quite  properly, 
and  rides  the  same ;  that  is,  if  all  the  hoi-ses  he  has  to  mount 


mm 


866 


TUB   U0B8K. 


or  ride  are  in  lml)it  and  temper  about  on  a  par  witli  the  one  on 
whicli  lie  took  IcHsons.  But  BiippOHo  tlicy  are  (juito  (liflerent ; 
what  bt'co'ni>8  of  the  one  j)re8crilje<l  rule  he  has  learnt  i  Put 
him  out  ol  tliirt  and  he  would  bo  quite  astray  ;  he  would  want 
the  resourci'H  under  different  cireuniHtanecs,  tliat  varied  p-.ietico 
only  can  teach  ;  and  in  all  he  does  there  is  ever  a  iiuinnerism, 
or,  to  use  an  expression  for  the  occasion,  a  one-wayism,  that 
detects  tlie  tnan  taught  late  in  life  ;  for,  to  take  a  liberty  with 
a  line  of  Goldsmith's, — 

Let  school-taught  pride  diascmble  all  It  can, 
It  leaves  \U  liabltH  atainp'd  upon  the  man. 

Let  us  cast  an  eye  on  a  squadron  or  regiment  of  cavalry, 
whether  standing,  walking,  or  trotting  their  horses  ;  every  man's 
hand  is  in  the  same  position,  and  in  the  same  place.  This  looks 
extremely  soldier-like  and  well,  for  uniformity  sako ;  but  lot  it 
be  remembered,  that  to  enable  this  to  be  done,  every  horse  is 
Bchooled  till  they  all  carry  their  heads  alike,  or  at  least  enough 
80  to  enable  each  nuin  to  have  a  proper  command  of  his  horse's 
mouth  while  holding  his  rein  hand  or  arm  precisely  the  same  as 
his  right  and  left  comrades.  Thus,  with  four  hundred  horses  all 
taught  the  same  habits,  carriage,  and  evolutions,  one  general 
rule  sutKces  for  four  hundred  men  to  make  them  do  all  that  is 
required  of  them  ;  and  the  whole  machinery  of  man  and  horse, 
from  day  to  day,  and  year  to  year,  performs  the  same  thing  in 
the  same  way ;  and  such  mode  of  instruction  would  suffice  for 
the  private  person  also,  if,  like  the  soldier,  he  always  rode  the 
same  horse,  or  one  with  the  same  habits  ;  always  rode  him  un- 
der the  same  circumstances,  and  wanted  him  to  perform  merely 
the  same  routine  of  duty. 

The  soldier  requires  good  hands,  and,  in  a  greater  or  less  de- 
gree, they  are  all  brought  to  have  such ,  but  he  only  wants 
hands,  or  rather  a  hand,  to  make  a  particular  horse  do  a  partic- 
ular thing.  His  business  is  somewhat  like  that  of  the  driver  of 
a  locomotive  engine ;  there  is  a  particular  handle  to  increase  or 
diminish  its  speed,  or  stop  it ;  each  engine  made  on  the  same 
construction  is  managed  in  the  same  way,  with  a  little  variation 
as  to  the  facility,  with  which  the  machinery  is  propelled,  re- 
tarded, or  stopped.     It  is  thus  with  troop  horses  ;  the  same  sig- 


TIIR   OAVALRT   KIPKB. 


367 


ifli  the  one  on 
uito  (liffeieiit ; 

K'ftriit  'i     Put 

II'  would  want 

aricd  p-.ictico 

11  iriiiiiiU'riBin, 

wuyisii),  that 
a  liberty  with 


nt  of  cavalry, 

i ;  every  man's 

CO.    This  looks 

ikr'! ;  but  let  it 

every  horse  is 

t  least  enoujih 

1  of  his  horse's 

ly  the  same  as 

dred  horses  all 

s,  one  general 

do  all  that  is 

nan  and  horse, 

same  thing  in 

luld  suffice  for 

ways  rode  the 

rode  him  iin- 

»erform  merely 

ater  or  less  de- 
he  only  wants 
•se  do  a  partic- 
:"  the  driver  of 
>  to  increase  or 
I  on  the  same 
little  variation 
propelled,  re- 
the  same  sig- 


nals of  heel  and  hand,  lightly  or  f(»rcihly  used,  as  the  disposition 
of  the  horse  may  re({iiire,  make  them  all  do  the  Humu  thing. 
But  the  case  is  far  ditferuiit  with  the  jockey,  steephichase  rider, 
Iniuting  num,  or  even  with  him  who  only  rides  on  the  road,  if 
he  rides  a  variety  of  horses,  for  ho  will  tiiid  that  he  will  want, 
not  only  good  hands  for  a  horse,  but  hands  that  are  good  for  all 
sorts  of  horses. 

A  man  may  say  that  ho  merely  wishes  to  rido  for  amuse- 
ment, the  show  of  the  thing,  air,  or  exercise,  or  tlie  whole  com- 
bined, and  that  he  will  only  ride  hoi*«es  broken  to  suit  his  hand 
and  seat,  or,  at  all  events,  that  go  so  as  to  suit  them.  Well  and 
good  ;  and,  if  circumstances  and  his  piirt'uits  enable  him  to  do 
this,  he  is  quite  right  in  doing  it;  but  ho  must  not  flatter  him- 
self that  he  is  a  horsenuin  ;  a  neat  and  pretty  rider  he  nuiy  bo ; 
and  if  so,  and  he  only  intends  riding  in  the  park,  taking  a 
canter  to  nuike  a  morning  call  along  a  tine  level  road,  or  escort- 
ing ladies  at  a  watering-pla  ;,  he  is — on  a  well-broken  easy- 
going horse — horseman  enough  for  such  purposes ;  but  if  he 
means  "  to  ride  among  horsemen,  or  in  the  Held,"  ho  will  find 
that,  in  old  coaching  phrase,  "  he  wants  another  hand  " — moan- 
ing that  two — such  as  he  owns — are  not  enough  to  be  of  much 
use  to  him  in  such  circumstances  and  situations. 

I  have  stated  that  most  cavalry  soldiers  have  more  or  less 
good  hands ;  but  I  must  unequivocally  assort,  and  this  without 
reservation,  that  all  good  horsemen  have.  By  such  I  do  not 
mean  more  bold,  hard-riding,  straight-going  men  across  country  ; 
many  such  have  hands  only  tit  to  wield  a  sledge  hammer,  and 
the  consequence  is  they  cannot  rido  a  delicate-mouthed,  gentle- 
manly-going horse,  and  those  they  do  ride  soon  get  mouths  as 
dead  as  the  anvil  the  sledge  strikes  upon ;  such  men  are  only 
"  bruising  riders,"  but  not  good  horsemen.  What  sort  of  a 
jockey  would  a  man  be  with  such  hands  ?  He  could  only  ride  a 
boring  brute  like  Eclipse  ;  or,  if  he  merely  possessed  the  hand 
of  the  dragoon,  he  could  only  ride  a  horse  whose  mouth  was 
amenable  to  even  the  signal  the  bit  gives.  How  would  he 
manage  if,  in  the  first  race,  he  had  to  ride  a  resolute  horse  that 
gets  his  head  nearly  down  to  his  knees,  with  no  more  mouth 
than  a  towed  barge,  about  as  easy  to  bring  up,  pulling  a  man's 
arms  from  their  sockets  ?    He  must  not  be  let  loose,  or  he  would 


MwwMiMiMnii 


368 


TUI')    llolWK. 


run  liiiiiHfir  to  a  ntntid.  If  hi-lil  too  forcibly,  lie  shakeH  \m  liond, 
ami  lliniHtri  it  out  ;  iiiid  tiio  roitm  Ikmii^'  kiiottod,  ]h>.  woulil  pull  ii 
rider  out  of  Iiih  middUt  uidoHH  ho  "  giivi«  uiui  took  witli  iiiiii.''  lit) 
is  thou  put  ou  11  luiruui-Hciirutn  colt,  that  wildly  tlirws  up  hia 
head,  Htariii<,'  at  the  nky,  and,  l)Ut  for  tlu^  iiiartiiii^ak',  making 
toothpickri  of  liiH  I'ai'H — an  iKH-oiniriodatioii  tlit\  jockey  avni(ln  hy 
tt  cloHi)  8cat,  the  head  and  Ixidy  a  little  held  hack,  and  tho 
hands  Htoadying  his  horHe'8  head  iM  hewt  ho  can.  He  iw  thou 
put  on  a  nervoiiH,  meek,  timid  two-yearn'  old  tilly,  with  a  month 
of  silk  ;  a  rude  touch  of  her  mouth  would  throw  her  ail  ahroad, 
a  Hudden  shifting,'  of  tho  neat  woidd  alarm  her,  and  heeini;  or 
fooling'  a  hand  raised  would  frif^htoii  her  to  death.  How  during 
Huch  a  day  would  the  ono-way  8cho(ding  succeed?  what,  in  such 
three  cases,  l)ocomos  of  the  ihumbs  turned  up,  the  hands  so  numy 
inches  ahovo  tho  pommel,  and  tho  elhow  fixed  to  a  given  point 
of  tho  side  ?  In  either  of  such  cases  nil  school  rule  as  to  riding 
a  well-broken  horse,  would  avail  but  very  little  indeed;  in 
either  case  tho  best  of  hands  would  be  reqnisito ;  but  in  each 
they  must  be  brought  into  ellect  in  a  dili'oront  nuinncr. 

The  Btoeplochase  ridor  reqtiires   hands   nearly  as  good  as 
tliose  of  tho  jockey.     I  say  tiearli/,  for  these  reasons ;  he  does 
not  ride  such  young,  half-broken  atumals  as  tho  former  does. 
Stooplochase  horses  are  not  usually  colts;  they  are  practised 
before  they  are  engaged  in  stakes  ;  consequently,  more  or  less, 
know  their  business.     They  know  what  the  bit  means ;  and  if 
disposed  to  resist  its  influence,  it  does  not  arise  from  sheer  igno- 
rance, so,  by  force  or  humoring,  they  are  to  be  made  amenable 
to  it,  without  getting  alarmed  ;  and,  farther,  it  is  not  calculated 
upon,  in  a  general  way,  that  a  steeplechase  will  come  to  so 
nice  a  point  at  the  finish  as  a  flat  race  ;  so  if  a  horse  is  allowed 
to,  or  will,  take  a  little  liberty  with  himself  in  the  run,  it  is  not 
60  fatal  as  where  it  is  presumed,  or  perhaps  known,  that,  bar- 
ring unforeseen  contingencies,  there  will  not  be  more  than  a 
length  difference  between  horses  at  the  winning-post.     Most 
determined,  headstrong,  and  sometimes  desperate  horses  the 
steeplechase  rider  has  to  contend  with ;  but  it  is  not  the  wild, 
riotous  conduct  of  the  colt,  as  often  proceeding  from  fright  as 
from  vice.     We  may  sometimes  bully  an  experienced  horse  out 
of  his  tricks,  or  display  of  stubbornness ;  but  it  would  not  do  with 


WITHOUT  STIRRUPS. 


:)t;9 


luilicH  his  liond, 

It!    WOllIll    pull    11 

with  him,''  Jit! 
thrws  up  liin 
iii^iik',  iiiakiii;^ 
•ki-y  iivnidrt  hy 
\nu'.k,  unil  the 
II.  lie  in  then 
,  with  u  Jiiouth 
her  all  iihntad, 
atid  hi-einif  or 
lliiw  (liiriiij^ 
'  wliut,  ill  such 
hands  so  many 
ft  given  point 

0  i\H  to  riding 
lo  indeed ;  in 
3 ;  but  in  each 
liner. 

y  as  good  as 
180118 ;  lie  does 

1  former  does, 
are  practised 

more  or  less, 
means ;  and  if 
•m  sheer  igno- 
ade  amenable 
lot  calculated 
I  come  to  so 
rse  is  allowed 
run,  it  is  not 
wn,  that,  bar- 
more  than  a 
g-post.  Most 
te  horses  the 
not  the  wild, 
rom  fright  as 
ced  horse  out 
d  not  do  with 


a  cnlt  prior  to  starting  for  a  heavy  stake;  ho  must  bo  controlled, 
but,  ill  a  gftu-ral  way,  soothed,  even  if  wo  know  ho  deHerves  a 
sound  thraHliiiig. 

Alany  stei'iilechase  horses,  as  well  as  old  rnco-horses,  are 
extremely  nerv(»U8  before  starting  and  even  when  going,  but  it 
arinort  from  a  diflV'iHJiit  cause  to  that  which  makes  a  two-year- 
old  HO  ;  the  former  are  nervous  bccauHc  they  know  not  what  tlu>y 
are  going  about,  (-aressing  and  wpeaking  kindly  and  encourag- 
ingly to  such  will  usually  reassure  and  pacify  them ;  they  will 
not  be  alarmed  by  a  man  moving  bin  bund,  or  judiciously  shift- 
ing his  seat,  because  they  have  found  a  rider  do  so  without  its 
j)niducing  inconvenience  to  them.  But  a  timid  two-year-old 
is  alarmed  at  every  thing  ;  a  crowd  alarms  her,  so  does  seeing  a 
dozen  horses  by  her  side  and  around  her.  She  has  no  detinito 
cause  of  nervousness,  like  the  old  race-horse ;  but  she  appre- 
hends danger,  and  feels  excitement  from  any  thing  new  to  her. 
If  she  only  feared  the  jockey,  his  caresses  would  probably  soon 
pacify  her ;  but  she  would  be  equally  alarmed  if  a  crow  flew 
nearer  to  her  than  usual.  No  school  education  as  to  horseman- 
ship would,  therefore,  put  a  man  on  his  guard  against  such  va- 
garies ;  and  riding  a  well-trained  horse  goes  a  very  little  way 
towards  making  a  man  a  good  general  horseman  in  difficult  sit- 
uations, or  with  difficult  horses  to  manage. 

Of  boys  it  would  be  useless  to  say  much,  and  still  more  bo 
to  say  much  to  thexn,  for  even  in  riding  they  would  never  vol- 
untarily take  instruction  if  they  were  permitted  to  ride  without 
it ;  so,  in  cases  where  it  is  determined  to  make  them  horsemen, 
they  must  firet  be  told,  then  obliged  to  do  that  which  will  en- 
able them  to  become  such,  and  be  left  to  And  out  the  effect  of 
what  they  are  made  to  do,  by  after  experience. 

Tliere  are,  however,  two  modes  of  teaching  boys  to  sit  firm 
on  their  horse ;  and  as  each  has  a  different  effect,  I  will  men- 
tion them ;  the  one  teaches  the  boy  to  trust  to  his  hold  on  hia 
saddle  by  his  knees  and  thighs  ;  this  is  learnt  by  his  riding  for 
some  time  without  stirrups.  In  personal  illustration  of  this,  I 
rode  the  whole  of  one  season  and  the  first  half  of  another  with 
fox-hounds  without  stirrups,  and  that,  part  of  my  second  season, 
on  full-sized  horses.  The  advantage  of  this  mode  of  instniction 
is,  that  it  teaches,  or  in  fact  obliges,  a  boy  to  balance  his  body, 
Vol.  n.— 34 


370 


THE  H0E8B. 


and  sit  Still  and  firm  in  his  seat,  without  any  other  aid  than  na- 
ture has  sup'.lied  him  with ;  and  it  obliges  him  to  keep  his  legs 
motionle.B;>or  should  he  hold   so   loosely   by  his  knees  and 
thi<-hs  as  to  allow  his  legs  to  move  or  swing  backward  and   ov- 
ward  on  his  saddle  skirts,  they  would  allow  him  to  roll  over 
the   one  or  other  side   of  his  horse,  and  thus  "the  hope  ot 
tlie  family  "  might  be  tnrned  topsy-turvy.     The  next  advantage 
derived  from  this  plan  is,  it  finally,  in  riding  terms  gives  a  lad 
hands  :  for  so  soon  as  lie  has  learned  a  firm  seat,  and  got  in  lull 
confidence  in  this  respect,  his  hands  are  as  free  and  as  much  at 
liberty  as  if  standing  on  the  ground.     For  however  firm  he  may 
want  to  hold  his  horse  by  the  head,  to  assist,  support,  or  check 
him,  he  wants  no  hold  by  his  own  hands,  as  a  snpport  or  stay  uO 
his  own  body.     In  fact,  by  thus  learaing  to  ride  in  t:.e  first  in- 
Btance,  a  seat  at  once  neat  and  firm  is  .Tiost  easily  to  be  acquired 
without  the  vile  halit  of  "holding  on  by  the  bridle;     which, 
if  once   contracted,  it  would  be  diflicult,  il'  not  impossible,  to 
break  a  man  of ;  and  until  that  was  done,  he  never  could  be 

half  a  horseman.  t       -^ 

If  during  the  last  page  or  two,  or  for  the  next,  1  write  or 
q-ote  personally,  I  do  so  to  show  that  I  write  from  personal 
practice,  and  not  from  mere  observation  or  theory. 

I  in  no  shape  mean  to  infer  that  continuing  to  ride  without 
stirrups  ^>ould  be  advantageous  ;  on  the  contrary,  I  am  clea:.  it 
would  have  quite  an  opposite  eti'ect     It  is  very  well,  and  I  hold 
i.  as  very  advantageous,  as  a  groundwork  for  beginners  ;  but  the 
artist  will  require  other  aids  to  perfect  his  work.     One  of  these 
is  the  stirrup.     Had  I  gone  on  riding  two  or  three  more  seasons 
without  them,  the  consequence  would  probably  have  been,  that 
from  practice  I  should  have  become  so  accustomed  to  ride  with- 
out  them,  that  I  should  have  been  unable  to  avail  myself  ot 
their  assistance;  and  though,  on  amy  thing  that  is  not  as  slip- 
pery as  a  saddle,  a  man  might  sit  an  unruly  horse  quite  as  firm- 
ly without  stirrups  as  with,  still  without  their  aid  he  could  not 
ride  for  ordinary  purposes  to  the  best  advantage,  or  make  the 
most  of  his  horse  without  their  uF,e. 

An  Arab  may  ride  bare-backed,  sit  firmly,  and  do  something 
like  twenty  miles  within  the  hour,  on  the  desert.  But  he  does 
ii  in  a  wild  way;  and  his  horse,  ridden  by  an  English  jockey, 


fiiir'l 


ll 


KAOINtt   BOYS. 


3/1 


ler  aid  than  na- 
to  keep  his  legs 

his  knees  and 
;kward  and  Ibr- 
ini  to  roll  over 
I  "the  hope  of 

next  advantage 
■nis,  gives  a  lad 
,  and  got  in  full 

and  as  much  at 
ver  tirni  he  may 
ipport,  or  check 
ipport  or  stay  to 
le  in  t!ic  first  in- 
ly to  be  acquired 

bridle ; "  which, 
ot  impossible,  to 

never  could  be 

next,  I  write  or 
te  from  personal 
ory. 

y  to  ride  without 
iry,  I  am  clea.   it 
Y  well,  and  I  hold 
eginnei's ;  but  the 
k.     One  of  these 
iree  more  seasons 
y  have  been,  that 
imed  to  ride  with- 
)  avail  myself  of 
at  is  not  as  slip- 
jrse  quite  as  firm- 
aid  he  could  not 
age,  or  make  the 

and  do  something 
3rt.  Bnt  he  does 
1  English  jockey, 


would,  I  am  quite  certain,  do  it  to  greater  advantage,  that  is, 
witli  less  fatigue.  His  doing  it,  r  en  as  he  is,  is  nothing  to 
tlie  purpose ;  it  is  whether  he  ctuild  not,  by  being  more  scien- 
tifically managed  and  ridden,  do  it  either  in  shorter  time,  or  in 
the  same  time  with  more  ease. 

Racing,  or  rather  exercise  riding,  boys  learn  to  ride  in  the 
directly  oppr  site  way.  Tliey  are  never  allowed  to  ride  even 
walking  exercise  without  a  saddle  and  stirrups  ;  tliey  therefore 
learn  to  aepend  on  them  ;  in  short,  with  their  comparatively  lit- 
tle strength,  they  could  not  ride  the  horses  they  do  if  th^y  did 
not.  For  in  very  free-going  horses  and  hard  pullers,  by  keep- 
ing their  feet  forward,  the  stirrup  acts  with  them  as  the  toe- 
board  does  to  a  coachman  with  four  horses  in  liand ;  and  if  we 
were  to  select  from  tlie  best  riding  boys  in  all  the  stables  at 
NeAvmarket,  we  should  not  find  one  who  could,  like  the  dealer's 
lad,  jump  on  a  horse  and  ride  him  bare-backed;  at  all  events, 
he  could  not  ride  him  well ;  and  indeed  I  should  say  the  chances 
are  he  would  tumble  ofi['.  So  much  for  learning  in  one  way 
only.  NoA/  ihe  dealer's  lad  could  not  ride  a  race-horse  as  well 
as  the  other,  but  he  could  ride  him ;  and  when  merely  following 
a  head  lad,  probably  he  would  ride  him  tolerably  well,  for  he  is 
accustomed  to  ride  both  with  and  without  stirrups,  and  is  indif- 
ferent as  to  which ;  and  in  point  of  lightness  of  hand,  and  mak- 
uig  the  most  of  a  good  or  bad  mouth,  the  dealer's  lad  beats  the 
Newmarket  one  hollow.  Tliis  arises  from  his  being  taught  and 
expected  to  make  every  horse  he  gets  on  go  as  well,  and  carry 
himself  as  handsomely,  as  he  can  be  made  to  do ;  and  as  he 
rides  a  dozen  or  more  different  horses  every  day,  he  acquires  a 
hand  for  every  horse.  The  Newmarket  boy  rides  the  same 
horse  for  months  together,  and  probably  not  more  than  half  a 
dozen  different  ones  in  as  many  years.  This  is  therefore  by  no 
means  the  best  place  to  learn  hands,  though  a  very  good  one  to 
teach  him  to  hold  strong  pullers,  which  he  can  do  better  than 
the  dealer's  lad,  though  he  may  be  physically  far  stronger. 

The  remark  might  very  naturally  be  made,  that  if,  as  I  have 
said,  a  jockey  requires  good  hands  for  all  sorts  of  horses,  and 
that  riding  exercise  is  not  the  best  school  to  give  such,  it  must 
be  a  bad  one  to  select  a  jockey  from,  which  I  have  stated  is 
mostly  done. 


« 


372 


THE  HOBBE. 


I  will  endeavor  to  reconcile  this  seeming  incongruity.  Ex- 
ercise boys  have  not,  generally  speaking,  fine  hands  ;  thorefore, 
to  a  certain  degree,  it  is  objectionable  as  a  school  for  r  jockey. 
But  to  set  against  this,  in  the  first  place,  there  is  no  other  In 
which  the  other  requisites  in  a  jockey  can  be  taught,  or  of 
course  learnt ;  for  training  stables  are  the  only  places  where  a 
boy  can  become  acquainted  with  the  habits,  temper,  style  of 
going,  and  powers  of  speed  of  the  race-horse  ;  and,  what  is  of 
quite  as  much  consequence  as  all  these  put  together,  it  is  the 
best  school  to  enable  him  to  become  a  good  judge  of  pace 
Without  these  acquirements  no  man  can  ever  be  a  jockey. 

Having  thus  far  answered  the  supposed  remark,  I  hope  it 
•will  be  borne  in  mind,  that,  although  I  said  jockeys  have  most- 
ly been  exercise  boys,  I  in  no  way  even  inferred  that  exercise 
boys  mostly  become  jockeys ;  for  t)ie  fact  is,  thei  is  not  one  in 
a  dozen  of  these  boys  that  has  either  head  or  hands  for  the  pur- 
pose ;  and  it  is  because  a  boy  is  found  to  possess  these  in  greater 
perfection  than  other  boys  in  the  same  stables  that  gets  him  first 
put  upon  a  race-horse  as  a  jockey. 

I  have  now  laid  before  my  readers  what  I  conceive  to  be 
the  different  efi'ects  of  learning  to  ride  without  and  with  stir- 
rups, and  of  learning  to  ride  with  them  only ;  and,  whether 
man  or  boy,  I  should  most  strongly  recommend  the  beginner  to 
adopt  the  former  course,  satisfied  as  I  am  that  for  general  riding 
it  will  give  both  the  best  seat  and  best  hands. 

There  are  three  descriptions  of  persons  among  men  gi'own, 
who,  if  they  mean  to  make  riding  a  pursuit,  would  benefit  by 
some  advice  on  the  subject ;  the  one  is  the  man  who  has  never 
ridden  at  all ;  the  other  one  wh  ■  has  ridden  a  little,  and,  find- 
ing himself  in  difficulty,  is  satisfied  he  knows  nothing  about  it ; 
the  third  is  one  who  has  ridden  a  good  deal,  and  that  very  bad- 
ly. Tlie  first  would  be  altogether  the  readiest  pupil,  and  very 
likely  would,  in  the  shortest  time,  become  a  horseman.  He 
will  do  as  he  is  advised,  because  he  has  no  inducement  to  do, 
nor  does  he  know  how  to  do,  otherwise  ;  and,  beginning  right, 
the  right  way  will  become  his  most  natural  habit,  and  of  course 
the  one  the  easiest  to  him;  and  having  in  commencing  no 
habits  at  all,  he  will  have  no  bad  ones  to  correct. 

The  next  would  give  a  little  more  trouble ;  for  as  he  has 


)ngruity.  Ex- 
ids ;  thorefore, 
1  for  r  jockey, 
is  no  other  In 
taught,  or  of 
)lace3  where  a 
rnper,  style  of 
,nd,  what  is  of 
jther,  it  is  the 
judge  of  pace 
a  jockey, 
lark,  I  hope  it 
eys  have  most- 
l  that  exercise 
is  not  one  in 
ids  for  the  pur- 
;hese  in  greater 
it  gets  him  first 

jonceive  to  be 
and  with  stir- 

and,  whether 
;he  beginner  to 

general  riding 

ig  men  gi'own, 
uld  benefit  by 
who  has  never 
ittle,  and,  find- 
ithing  about  it ; 
that  very  bad- 
)upil,  and  very 
Norseman.  He 
icement  to  do, 
eginning  right, 
;,  and  of  course 
ommencing  no 

for  as  he  has 


UNLEAENINO   AOQIHRED  HABITS. 


373 


ridden,  whether  it  may  have  been  twenty  times  or  two  hundred, 
he  must  have  ridden  somehow  ;  and  though  a  horseman  might 
very  properly  consider  this  as  riding  nohow,  it  will  depend  upon 
the  turn  of  the  rider's  mind  how  far  it  may  or  may  not  be  found 
difiicult  to  convince  him  it  was  so.  But,  as  I  have  said,  he  must 
have  ridden  somehow,  and  that  with  him  has  become  a  habit ; 
therefore,  supposing  he  is  diffident  enough  to  be  convinced  his 
habits  have  been  bad  ones,  he  has  to  forget,  or  at  least  to  fore- 
go, those  while  he  learns  proper  ones,  the  former  probably  being 
by  far  the  most  difficult  task. 

With  the  third,  who  has  ridden  a  great  deal,  but  ridden  bad- 
ly, I  wish  to  have  nothing  to  do ;  as  it  is  probable,  if  not  cer- 
tain, that  he  will  be  as  opinionated  as  ignorant,  and  as  unable 
as  unwilling  to  appreciate  or  to  profit  by  instruction.  At  all 
everts,  no  credit  is  to  be  gained  by  such  a  pupil  and  it  is  all 
but  hopeless  to  attempt  to  make  him  into  a  horseman."— Sa/v^- 
Hieover's  Pract.  Horsemmiship. 

In  addition  to  this,  I  have  only  to  state,  that  nothing  which 
I  have  said  above,  in  regard  to  the  use  of  the  martingale,  is  to 
be  held  as  applying  either  to  the  riding  of  race  horses,  or  to  the 
riding  or  driving  of  fast-trotting  horses. 

To  both  these  ends  the  use  of  the  martingale  is  indispensa- 
ble ;  as,  above  all  things,  the  heads  of  the  animals  must  be  kept 
steady  and  perfectly  inflexible  at  a  hard  unyielding  pull.  The 
absence  of  a  good  mouth,  or  of  a  pleasant  and  handsome  style 
of  going  is  necessary  to  neither  animal,  and,  in  the  trotter, 
the  former  would  be  a  vice  rather  than  a  virtue,  as  the  possession 
of  a  fine,  delicate,  light  hand  would  be  a  disqualification,  rather 
than  an  advantage,  to  the  rider  or  driver  of  such  animals. 

For  race-riders,  or  riders  and  drivers  of  match-trottei-s,  I  give 
no  directions — the  professionals  are  better  able  to  instruct  me, 
than  I  to  teach  them;  and  amateurs  in  the  former  art  can  hardly 
ever  expect  to  succeed ;  while,  in  the  latter  branch  of  equestrian- 
ism, they  can  only  acquire  proficiency  by  practice  and  study  on 
the  course  and  on  the  road,  and  then,  only  at  the  disadvantage  and 
penalty  of  unfitting  themselves  for  any  other  sort  of  riding  or 
driving,  of  acquiring  a  bad  and  ungainly  seat,  and  of  losing,  if 
they  ever  possessed  it,  the  lightness,  sensibility,  and  delicacy  of 
touch,  which  constitute  what  is  known  to  horsemen  as  a  good  hand. 


I 


374 


THE  HORSE. 


Tlie  modes  of  breaking  the  young  horse,  as  usually  practised, 
and  as  detailed,  in  some  snudl  degree,  al)ove,  under  tlie  head  of 
breeding,  consist  of  letting  him  stand  on  the  colts'  or  breaking 
bits ;  lunging  him,  in  a  circle,  by  means  of  a  long  leading  rein, 
with  the  aid  of  a  four-horse  whip ;  by  which  he  is  taught  his 
paces,  and  also  how  to  turn  and  traverse — and,  lastly,  by  put- 
ting him  into  the  hand  of  a  rough  rider,  who,  according  as  he 
did  (ir  did  not  possess — what  very  few  such  iron  do  possess — tine 
seat,  tine  hands,  great  judgment,  great  tact,  unruffled  temper, 
unwearied  patience,  indomitable  perseverance,  and  perfect 
skill — in  other  Avords,  talent  approaching  to  genius, — turned  out 
the  horse  perfectly  well  broke,  which  is  the  rare  exception — • 
half  finished,  which  is  the  rule — or  a  vicious,  unmanageable 
brute,  which  is  but  too  otlen  the  consequence  of  the  breaker 
being,  what  he  too  often  is,  a  sot,  an  ass,  and  a  brute. 

The  following  an  Stonehei.ge's  additional  rules  for  breaking 
a  hunter.  They  are  admirable,  and  easy  to  be  understood  and 
followed.  For  every  saddle  horse  they  are,  moreover,  well 
wortli  following;  since  not  only  is  every  saddle  horse  much 
better  and  more  valuable  for  being  a  clever  and  easy 
leaper,  but  even,  if  his  rider  never  desire  to  leap  him,  he  ac- 
cpiires  a  more  perfect  use  of  his  limbs,  and  a  greater  degree  of 
docility,  by  having  been  put  through  the  forms  of  these  in- 
structions. 

BREAKING   AND   TEACHING. 

"  Breaking  is  of  course  required  for  those  colts,  which  are 
specially  intended  for  hunters,  but  except  in  teaching  to  jump,  it 
does  not  differ  from  the  plan  adopted  in  ordinary  colt-breaking. 
Tlie  same  mouthing-bit  which  I  have  recommended  above  will 
also  suit  this  kind  of  horse,  but  its  reins  should  be  buckled 
considerably  tighter,  and  the  horse  "  put  upon  it "  for  an  hour  a 
day  until  he  bends  himself  well.  He  may  also  have  what  is 
called  a  "  dumb  jockey"  buckled  on  his  roller,  with  springs  con- 
tained within  its  arms,  by  which  the  bit  is  allowed  to  give  and 
take  with  the  horse's  action  ;  but  still  always  having  a  tendency 
to  bend  the  neck,  and  bring  the  horse  back  on  his  haunches. 
Unless  tliis  is  effectually  done,  and  the  colt  is  made  to  use  his 
hind  legs  by  bringing  them  well  under  him,  thus  carrying  a 


H0K8E   BREAKING. 


375 


illy  practised^ 
sr  the  head  of 
'  or  breaking 
leading  rein, 
is  taught  his 
astly,  by  put- 
jording  as  he 
•  possess — tine 
lifted  temper, 
and  perfect 
i, — turned  out 
J  exception — 
mmanageable 
■  the  breaker 
ite. 

3  for  breaking 
iderstood  and 
oreover,  well 
3  horse  much 
jr  and  easy 
)  him,  he  ac- 
iter  degree  of 
5  of  these  in- 


Its,  which  are 
ng  to  jump,  it 
colt-breaking, 
ed  above  will 
d  be  buckled 

for  an  hour  a 
have  what  is 
■h  springs  con- 
J  to  give  and 
ng  a  tendency 

his  haunches, 
ide  to  use  his 
as  carrying  a 


good  part  of  his  weight,  he  is  never  safe  across  ridgc-and-furrow, 
nor  in  awkward  places,  where  he  is  obliged  to  creep  up  close  to 
the  take-off,  and  gather  all  his  legs  together  beibre    nuiking 
the  spring.      AVhen  the  horse  is  being  lunged  ho  nuiy  be  made 
to  jump  a  bar,  but  not  too  often  over  a  nmvablo  one,  or  ho 
finds  out  its  tendency  to  fall,  and  becomes  careless.  A  fixed  bar 
should  be  used  as  soon  as  the  horse  understands  this  part  of  his 
business,  and  he  will  not  hurt  himself  if  he  falls  over  it  a  few 
times ;    because  there  is  nothing  to  hold  his  legs,  and,  conse- 
quently, he  either  falls  forward  or  backward  without  injury.  The 
bar  should  have  side  guides,  so  that  in  lunging,  the  horse  must 
go  over,  or  come  back  and  face  the  whip  of  the  groom  following 
him ;    and  when  they  are  properly  managed,  the  leading-rein 
slides  over  them  without  catching,  and  the  bar  may  be  taken  by 
the  horse  in  each  round  of  the  lunge.     Some  horses  seem  to  en- 
joy the  fim  when  they  are  clever  and  good-tempered,  but  not 
more  than  six  or  eight  jumps  should  be  given  in  any  one  lesson, 
for  fear  of  disgusting  the  pulpil.    When  he  is  perfect  over  the  bar 
with  the  lunging-rein,  and  after  he  is  broken  to  all  his  paces,  ho 
may  be   ridden  over  it,  or  any  small  fences,  in  cool  blood ; 
but  he  never  ought  to  be  put  at  this  kind  of  work  till  he  is  per- 
fect at  all  his  other  lessons.     For  if  he  does  not  know  what  the 
spur,  or  the  pull  of  the  rein  means,  it  is  useless  to  confuse  him  by 
trying  to  make  him  do  what  ho  does  not  understand.     No  large 
jumps  should  ever  be  tried  without  hounds,  and  when  the  colt  is 
willing  to  go  when  he  is  wanted  over  small  places,  it  is  better  to 
defer  the  conclusion  of  his  jumping  education  until  he  can  be 
taken  out  with  hounds,  as  I  have  explained  under  the  section 
treating  of  the  teaching  of  the  steeplechaser.     With  hounds  the 
colt  is  inclined  to  follow   the  field  of  horses,  and  will  soon 
attempt  any  place  his  breaker  puts  him  at ;  though  otlten  making 
mistakes,  and  sometimes  carrying  the  fence  before  him  into  tlie 
next  field.     Good  hands,  a  firm  seat,  and  an  unruffled  temper 
soon  make  him  know  his  powers ;  and  in  a  few  times  he  learns  to 
avoid  mishaps,  and  keeps  his  legs  without  diflSculty.  The  break- 
ing-bit already  described  is  the  best  to  ride  young  horses  with, 
as  it  is  large,  and  allows  of  considerable  pressure  without  injury ; 
60  that  if  the  breaker  is  obliged  to  keep  the  head  straight  with  some 
force,  the  colt  is  not  thereby  dragged  into  the  *mce,  as  would  be 


376 


THE   HORSE. 


V 


the  case  with  a  small  and  sharp  snaffle  or  with  a  curh.  Tlie  same 
caution  must  now  be  exercised  as  before  with  regard  to  a  too  long 
continuance  of  the  early  lessons.  The  young  hunter,  as  well  as  the 
Bteeplechaser,  should  be  gradually  accustomed  to  his  j^ractice, 
consequently  should  never  have  too  much  at  first ;  as  there  is 
some  danger  of  disgusting  him  by  needless  repetition. 

And  here,  a  few  months  since,  I  should  have  closed  my  ob- 
servations on  riding  and  breaking,  for  the  manege  's  neither  at- 
tainable in  this  country,  except  by  the  aid  of  circus  comj)anie8, 
nor  necessary  to  a  rider;  thougli,  if  superadded  to  the  other 
qualifications  of  a  good  field  and  road  horeeman,  it  is  a  grace  to 
an  equestrian,  and  a  vast  excellence  to  every  horse,  except  a  race- 
horse, a  hunter,  and  x  trotter,  for  two  of  which  maneyG  rales 
would  be  utterly  useless,  if  not  positively  detrimental,  and  for 
the  third — the  hunter — only  in  a  very  preliminary  and  moderate 
degree  desirable,  so  far,  I  mean,  as  teaching  him  how  to  get  hia 
hind  legs  under  him. 

Lately,  however,  I  have  come  acioss  Mr.  Baucher's  system 
of  horsemanship,  both  as  teaching  men  Ikw  to  ride  themselves, 
and  how  to  break  horses,  by  an  invariable,  uniform  and  infalli- 
ble method.  I  have  no  hesitation,  although  I  took  it  up  with 
considerable  doubt  and  distrust,  in  adopting  it  as  all  that  it  pre- 
tends to  be ;  and  in  most'  urgently  recommending  all  my  read- 
ers, who  desire  to  become  perfect  riders  themselves,  and  to  have 
their  horses  perfectly  broken,  to  adopt  all  his  preliminary  stepa, 
both  of  learning  to  ride  and  of  breaking,  as  the  best  ever  intro- 
duced, and  as.  infallibly  certain,  if  practised  with  patience  and 
temper,  to  produce  the  result  desired. 

So  satisfied  am  I  :>f  the  excellence  of  this  metQod,  and  of  the 
advantage  of  introducing  it,  that  not  being,  by  any  means,  satis- 
fied with  the  rendering  of  the  original  in  the  only  American 
edition,  I  have  prepared  a  version  of  such  parts  of  the  work  as  I 
judge  essential  to  the  learning  how  to  make  accomplished  riders, 
and  thoroughly-broken  horses  for  general  purposes — not  carry- 
ing the  sys'em  to  its  extreme  length,  which  would  make  all 
horses  perfect  manige,  or  circus,  or  cavalry  horses,  and  all 
riders,  riding-masters,  circus-masters,  or  dragoons — which  is 
leither  necessary  nor  desirable — and  this  I  now  submit  to  my 
readers.    I  farther  advise  any  one,  who  desires  to  have  a  per- 


BAUOHER  8   8Y8TKM. 


37r 


iirb.  Tlie  same 
•d  to  a  too  long 
•,  as  well  as  the 
)  his  practice; 
3t ;  as  there  is 
ion. 

closed  my  ob- 
6  's  neither  at- 
118  coni})anie8, 
to  tlie  other 
t  is  a  grace  to 
except  a  race- 
maniiyc  rules 
ental,  and  for 
and  moderate 
how  to  get  his 

ichor's  system 
le  themselves, 
rm  and  infalli- 
ok  it  up  with 
all  that  it  pre- 

all  my  read- 
38,  and  to  have 
iminary  steps, 
est  ever  intro- 

patience  and 

lod,  and  of  the 
Y  means,  satia- 
mly  American 
'  the  work  as  I 
plished  riders, 
js — not  carry- 
)uld  make  all 
orses,  and  all 
HIS — which  is 
submit  to  my 
to  have  a  per- 


fect riding  horse,  to  devote  a  few  hours  daily  to  training  his 
animal,  which  will  soon  be  in  itself  a  source  of  pleasure  and 
amusement,  apart  froi.i  the  ultimate  advantage  to  be  obtained — 
and  farther,  whether  he  be  a  mere  tyro  and  learner,  or  an  old 
horsenum,  to  go  through  a  series  of  Baucher's  lessons  for  the 
acquisition  of  'flexibility  of  the  person  and  of  a  perfect  seat  on 
horseback,  being  well  assured  that,  in  the  former  case,  it  will 
aftbrd  the  spec  liest  and  easiest  means  of  becoming  a  rider,  and 
that,  in  the  latter,  it  will  give  such  increased  facility,  and  mas- 
tery of  the  animal,  as  well  as  of  the  horseman's  own  powers,  as 
will  largely  and  amply  remunerate  him  for  the  pains  and  the 
time  devoted  to  the  experiment. 

"  By  following  my  new  instructions,"  says  Mr.  Baucher  on 
his  forty-tirst  page,  "  relating  to  the  seat  of  a  man  on  horseback, 
we  shall  soon  arrive  at  certsiin  results ;  they  are  as  easy  to  un- 
derstand as  to  demonstrate.  Two  sentences  are  sufficient  to  ex- 
plain all  to  the  rider,  and  enable  him  to  obtain  a  good  seat  by 
the  simple  advice  of  the  instructor. 

The  rider  must  expand  his  chest  as  much  as  possible,  so 
that  every  part  of  his  frame  rests  upon  that  next  below  it,  for 
the  purpose  of  increasing  the  adhesion  of  his  buttocks  to  the 
saddle.  The  arms  should  fall  easily  by  the  sides.  The  thigha 
and  legs  should,  by  their  own  strength,  find  as  many  points  of 
contact  as  possible  with  the  saddle  and  the  horse's  sides ;  the 
feet  will  naturally  follow  the  motion  of  the  legs. 

By  these  few  lines  it  is  shown  how  simple  a  thing  it  is  to 
acquire  a  seat. 

The  means  which  I  recommend  for  readily  obtaining  a 
good  seat  remove  all  the  difficulties  which  the  plan  pursued  by 
our  predecessors  presented.  The  pupil  of  old  understood  nothing 
of  the  long  catechism,  recited  in  a  loud  voice  by  the  instructor, 
from  the  first  word  to  the  last ;  consequently  he  could  not  exe- 
cute it.  Here  one  word  rejilaces  all  those  sentences ;  but  we 
previously  go  through  a  course  of  practisings  for  the  rendering 
of  his  frame  flexible  and  supple.  This  course  will  make  the  rider 
expert,  and  consequently  intelligent.  One  month  will  not  elapse 
before  the  most  stupid  and  awkward  recruit  will  find  himself 
able  to  sit  a  horse  properly,  without  the  aid  of  wor'^s  of  command. 

The  horse  is  to  be  led  upon  the  ground,  saddled  and  bri- 


r 


378 


THK   HORSE. 


died.  Tlie  instructor  must  take  two  pupils;  of  whom  ono  shall 
hold  the  hnrso  l)y  the  bridle,  iiiid  ohserve  what  the  other  doen, 
in  order  that  lie  may  bo  able  to  pe'iorni  in  his  tnrn.  The  pupil 
shall  approach  tlie  horse's  hhonlder  and  prei)are  to  mount;  for 
this  purpose  he  is  to  lay  hold  of,  suid  separate  with  the  '-ifrht 
hand,  a  handful  of  ini>:io,  and  pass  it  into  the  left  haiul, 
taking'  hold  as  nes'-  t'he  roots  as  jxtssible,  without  twisting  them  ; 
he  musb  then  j^rasp  the  pommel  of  the  saddle  with  the  right 
hand,  tiie  four  fingers  inside,  and  the  thumb  outside;  when 
sjirlngiiig  lightly,  he  will  raise  himself  upon  his  wrists.  As  soon 
as  his  middle  reaches  the  height  of  the  horse's  withers,  he  must 
pass  the  right  leg  over  the  croup,  without  touching  it,  and  place 
himself  lightly  in  the  saddle.  This  vaulting  will  tend  to  render 
the  mati  active ;  ami  he  should  be  made  to  rcj)eat  it  eigh*;  or  ten 
times,  before  letting  him  tinally  seat  himself.  The  repetition 
of  this  exercise  will  soon  teach  him  the  use  of  his  arms  and 


ioms. 


Far  the  stationary  exorcise  on  horseback,  an  old,  quiet 
horse  should  be  chosen  in  preference ;  the  reins  to  be  knotted, 
and  to  hang  on  his  neck.  The  pupil  being  on  horseback,  tlie 
instructor  will  examine  liis  natural  position,  in  order  to  exercise 
more  frequently  those  parts  M-hich  have  a  tendency  eithei  to 
weakness  or  rigidity.  The  lesson  will  commence  with  the  chest. 
He  must  expand  the  chest,  and  hold  himself  in  this  position  for 
some  time,  without  regard  to  the  stiffness  which  it  will  occasion 
at  first.  It  is  by  the  exertion  of  force  that  the  pupil  will  obtain 
suppleness  and  flexibility,  and  not  by  the  relaxation  of  his  natu- 
ral powers  so  much  atid  so  uselessly  recommended.  Motions  at 
first  produced  only  by  great  effort,  will  noL  require  so  much  ex- 
ertion after  a  while,  for  the  pupil  will  then  have  gained  skill, 
and  skill,  in  this  case,  is  but  the  result  of  exertions  properly 
combined  and  employed.  What  is  first  done  by  the  exertion 
of  a  force  equal  to  twenty  pounds  is  afterward  eftected  by  an 
effort  gradually  diminishing.  When  it  is  reduced  to  the  last, 
we  may  say  tiiat  skill  is  attained.  If  we  commence  by  a  smaller 
efibrt,  we  cannot  attain  this  result.  The  'exions  of  the  loins 
must  be  repeated,  allowing  the  pupil  often  to  let  himself  down 
into  his  natural  relaxed  position,  in  order  to  accustom  liim  to 
throw  his  chest  quickly  into  a  good  position.    The  body  being 


FLEXURES  OF  THB  LIMB8. 


379 


lom  one  shall 
e  other  does, 
n.  Tlie  pupil 
)  mount;  for 
ith  the  n^rht 
0  left  hand, 
wistuif^  tliom ; 
vith  the  right 
iitsido ;  when 
istH.  As  soon 
hers,  he  must 
^  it,  and  place 
end  to  render 
it  eigh';  or  teii 
'lie  repetition 
his  arms  and 

an  old,  quiet 
0  be  knotted, 
orsehaek,  the 
[er  to  exercise 
aicy  eithei  to 
vith  the  chest. 
is  position  for 
;  will  occasion 
pil  will  obtain 
m  of  his  natu- 
[.  Motions  at 
e  80  much  ex- 
gained  ekill, 
:ions  properly 
y  the  exertion 
ffected  by  an 
d  to  the  last, 
;e  by  a  smaller 
s  of  the  loins 
himself  down 
ustom  him  to 
e  body  being 


well  placed,  the  instructor  will  proceed — firat,  to  the  lesson  of 
the  arm,  which  consists  in  moving  it  in  every  direction,  first 
bent,  and  afterward  extended  ;  secondly,  that  of  the  head ; 
which  must  be  turned  right  and  left  without  allowing  its  motion 
to  att'ect  the  position  of  the  shoulders. 

When  the  lessons  of  the  chest,  arms,  and  head,  have  pro- 
duced a  satisfactory  result,  which  they  ought  to  do  at  the  end 
of  four  days — eighr  lessons — we  pass  to  the  pupil's  legs. 

lie  must  remove  one  of  his  thighs  as  far  as  possible  from 
the  flaps  of  the  sa<ldle  ;  .  mI  afterward  replace  it  with  a  rotatory 
movement  from  without  inward,  in  order  to  make  ii  adhere  t 
the  saddle  at  as  nmny  points  of  contact  as  possible.  The  in- 
structor should  watch  that  the  thigh  does  not  fall  back  heavily ; 
it  sho'.dd  resume  its  position  by  a  sh)wly  progressive  motion, 
and  without  a  jerk.  He  ought,  moreover,  during  the  first  lesson, 
to  take  hold  of  the  pupil's  leg,  and  direct  it,  to  nuike  him  under- 
stand the  proper  way  of  performing  this  displacement.  He  will 
thus  save  liim  fatigue,  and  obtain  the  result  sooner. 

This  kind  of  exercise,  very  fatiguing  at  first,  requires  fre- 
quent rests ;  it  would  bo  wrong  to  prolong  the  exercise  beyond 
the  powers  of  the  pupil.  The  motions  of  bringing  back  the  thigh 
which  place  it  in  contact  with  the  saddle,  and  that  of  protruding 
it,  which  separates  it  from  the  saddle,  becoming  more  easy,  the 
thighs  will  acquire  a  suppleness  admitting  of  their  adhesion  to 
the  saddle  in  ^  good  ^"olcion.  Then  come  the  practices  for  flex- 
ing the  legs. 

Tlie  instructor  should  watch  that  the  knees  always  preserve  . 
their  pertect  adherence  to  the  saddle.  The  legs  are  to  be  swung 
backward  and  forward  like  the  pendulum  of  a  clock ;  that  is  to 
eay,  the  pupil  will  raise  them  so  as  to  touch  the  cantle  of  the 
saddle  with  his  heels.  The  repetition  of  these  flexions  will  soon 
render  the  legs  supple,  pHable,  and  independent  of  the  thighs. 
The  flexions  of  the  legs  and  thighs  are  to  be  continued  for  four 
clftyg — eight  lessons.  To  make  each  of  these  movements  more 
correct  and  easy,  eight  days — or  sixteen  lessons — will  be  devoted 
to  them.  Tlie  fifteen  dayS' — thirty  lessons — which  remain  to 
complete  the  month,  will  continue  to  be  occupied  by  the  exercise 
of  stationary  supplings ;  but,  in  order  that  the  pnpil  may  learn 
to  combine  strength  of  the  arms  with  that  of  the  loins,  he  must 


380 


TUB  iioRfli;. 


bo  inado  to  hold  at  arm's  l"""  '*      rogregslvely,  woiglitfl  increaa 
iiig  from  ten  to  forty  poan  iiis  oxerciHo  hIiouKI  commence 

with  the  h'liHt  fntigiiiiig  poHition,  tho  arm  Iteirig  hoiit,  and  tho 
hand  near  tho  nhonhlitr,  and  thiu  flexion  uhonld  bu  continncd  to 
tho  fnll  extent  of  tlio  arm.  The  position  of  tho  chest  and  Irnnk 
muHt  not  bo  aflectod  by  this  oxercise,  but  muat  be  kept  steady 
in  its  attit\ulo. 

Tne  strength  of  pressure  of  tho  knees  may  be  judged  of, 
and  even  produced,  by  tlio  following  method.  Tins,  which  at 
first  sight  will  perhaps  appear  of  slight  im})ortance,  will,  never- 
theless, bring  about  great  results.  The  instructor  should  take  a 
narrow  piece  of  leather  about  twenty  inches  long,  and  place  one 
end  of  it  between  the  pupil's  knoo  and  the  flap  of  the  saddle. 
The  pupil  will  exert  the  force  of  his  knees  on  the  saddle  to  pro- 
vent  its  slipping,  while  the  instructor  will  draw  it  toward  him 
slowly  and  progressively.  This  process  will  servo  as  a  dyua- 
mometor  to  judge  of  the  increaso  of  power. 

The  strictest  wi''<h  must  bo  kept  that  each  force  acting 
separately  shall  not  j)iit  other  forces  in  action.  That  is  to  say, 
that  the  movement  of  the  arms  shall  not  affect  the  shoulders,  or 
put  them  in  motion.  It  should  be  the  same  with  the  thighs,  in 
respect  to  the  body ;  with  tho  legs,  in  respect  to  the  thighs,  and 
80  with  the  rest.  The  power  of  displacing  and  flexing,  at  will,  each 
several  limb,  having  been  thus  separately  obtained,  tho  cliest 
and  seat  are  to  be  temporarily  displaced,  in  order  to  teach  the 
rider  to  recover  his  proper  position  without  assistance.  This  is 
to  be  done  as  follows.  The  instructor,  being  placed  on  one  side, 
must  push  the  pupil's  hip,  so  that  his  seat  will  be  moved  out  of 
tlio  seat  of  the  saddle.  Tlie  instructor  will  then  allow  him  to 
get  back  into  the  saddle,  being  careful  to  watch  that,  in  regain- 
ing his  seat,  he  nuikes  use  of  his  hips  and  knees  only,  in  order  to 
make  him  use  only  those  parts  nearest  to  his  seat.  In  fact,  tho 
aid  of  the  shoulders  would  soon  affect  the  hand,  and  this  the 
horse ;  the  assistance  of  the  legs  would  have  still  woree  resulfs. 
In  a  word,  in  all  the  displacements,  the  pupil  must  be«  taught 
not  to  have  recourse,  in  order  to  direct  the  horse,  to  the  means 
which  keep  him  in  his  seat,  and  vice  versa,  not  to  employ,  in 
oixier  to  keep  his  seat,  those  means  which  direct  the  horse. 

Here  but  a  month  has  elapsed,  and  these  equestrian  gym- 


I1.UHM  »I«»IIIIWII 


y 


BREAKING   THR    IIORHK. 


381 


oiglitfl  incrotts 
lid  cominetico 
l)oiit,  und  tho 
I  continued  to 
jC8t  and  Irunk 

0  kept  Htcady 

[)o  judged  of, 
riuH,  whicli  at 
e,  will,  nt'vcr- 
should  take  a 
and  place  one 
of  the  saddle, 
saddle  to  pro- 
t  toward  him 
vo  as  a  dyna- 

1  force  acting 
hat  is  to  say, 
;  shoulders,  or 

the  thighs,  in 
he  thighs,  and 
g,  at  will,  each 
led,  tho  cliest 
•  to  teach  the 
ince.  This  is 
3d  on  one  side, 
moved  out  of 

allow  hiin  to 
lat,  in  regain- 
dy,  in  order  to 
.  In  fact,  the 
,  and  this  the 
worse  resulfs. 
ust  be«  taught 

to  the  means 

to  employ,  in 
he  horse, 
uestrian  gym- 


nastics will  luivo  made  n  rider  of  a  person  who  may  at  first  have 
appfariMl  incajuilth'  of  l»ccoining  hucIi.  Having  iiinHtcnMl  tho 
jireliniinary  trialn,  he  will  impatiently  await  the  tirnt  UKJveujentB 
of  the  horse,  in  order  to  give  himaelf  up  to  them  with  tho  ease 
of  an  experienced  rider. 

Fifteen  days — thirty  lessons — will  ho  devoted  to  the*  walk, 
the  trot,  and  tho  gallop.  Here  the  pupil  fhould  solely  en- 
deavor to  follow  the  movements  of  tho  horse ;  therefore,  tho  in- 
structor will  oblige  hi>n  to  attend  to  his  seat  only,  and,not  to  at- 
tempt to  guide  tho  horse.  He  will  only  recpiire  the  pupil  at 
first,  to  ride  straight  before  him  ;  and  secondly,  to  ride  in  every 
direction,  with  one  rein  of  the  snaffle  in  each  hand.  At  tho  end 
of  four  days — eight  lessons — ho  may  be  directed  to  take  the 
curb  rein  in  Ids  left  hand.  Tlie  right  hand,  which  is  now  free, 
must  be  held  alongside  of  tho  left,  that  he  nuiy  early  get  tho 
habit  of  sitting  square — with  his  shoulders  abreast  and  ecpial. 
The  horeo  should  be  made  to  trot  as  much  to  the  right  as  to  the 
loft.  When  the  seat  is  firmly  settled  at  all  tho  different  paces, 
the  instructor  will  explain  simply,  tho  connection  between  the 
wrists  and  tho  legs,  as  well  as  their  separate  eft'ects. 

Here  the  rider  will  commence  the  horse's  education,  by 
following  the  progression  I  shall  proceed  to  explain.  The  pupil 
will  bo  made  to  understand  the  reasons  for  each  practice,  and 
will  bo  so  led  to  perceive  how  intimately  the  educa.  a  of  the 
man  is  connected  with  that  of  the  horse. 

1.  Flexions  of  the  loins  for  producing  expansion  of  the  cheat, 
four  days,  eight  lessons. 

2.  Displacements  and  replacements  of  the  thighs,  and  flex- 
ions of  the  legs,  four  days,  eight  lessons. 

3.  General  exercises  of  all  the  parts  in  succession,  eight 
days,  sixteen  lessons. 

4.  Displacements  of  the  trnnk,  exercises  of  the  knees  and 
arms  with  weights  in  the  han-'ls,  fifteen  days,  thirty  lessons. 

5.  Position  of  the  rider,  the  horse  being  at  a  walk,  a  trot, 
and  a  gallop,  in  order  to  fashion  and  confirm  the  seat  at  these 
different  paces,  fifteen  days,  thirty  lessons. 

6.  Education  of  the  horse  by  the  rider,  seventy-five  days, 
and  one  hundred  and  fifty  lessons. 


389 


TtlK    IIORHR, 


Till'  whole  hv'wjx  ac('()\n\)\\ri]u'(\  in  a  liiindrcd  nnd  twenty* 
one  (lavH,  two  IimnlnMl  and  furfy-two  U'HHniiH. 

or  TIIK   VOIU.'KH   OK  TMl':    nousK. 

Tlio  hornc,  like  nil  or^iuiizcd  l)cin;,'n,  \h  |MiHH0rt8cd  of  a  woij^lit 
nnd  nf  forces  peculiar  to  liiinself.  The  wei;,dit  inlierent  to  tlie 
material  of  wliieli  (he  animal  iw  composed,  renders  the  masH  in- 
ert, and  tendrt  to  Hx  it  to  tlio  fjjronnd.  The  forces,  on  the  con- 
trary, l»y  the  power  they  jj;ive  him  of  movinj;  thiH  wei<,dit,  of  di- 
vidiiifjf  it,  of  traiiHferrin^  it  from  one  of  his  parts  to  another, 
conimimicate  movement  to  his  wiiote  hein^,  determine  his 
efinilihriiim,  »poud,  and  direction.  To  make  this  truth  more 
evident,  let  us  su|>po80  a  liorso  in  repose.  Ilin  body  will  be  in 
perfect  eqiiililiriiim,  if  each  of  its  members  supports  exacilv  that 
part  of  tile  weight  v  liich  falls  upon  it  in  this  position.  W  ho 
wish  to  move  forward  at  a  walk,  ho  must  transfer  that  part  of 
the  weif,dit,  restinj,'  on  (iie  leg  which  ho  movo8  first,  to  tliose 
tlmt  will  reimiin  fixed  to  the  ground.  Tt  will  be  the  same  thing 
in  other  paees,  the  truiiHfer  acting  from  one  diagomd  to  the 
other  in  the  trot,  from  the  front  to  tlwi  rear,  and  reciprocuUy,  in 
tne  gal!  .».  We  innst  not  then  confound  tho  weight  with  the 
forces;  tlic  latter  producing  the  results,  the  former  being  sub- 
ordiiuite  to  them.  It  is  by  removing  the  weight  from  one  ex- 
tremity to  the  other  that  the  forces  put  the  limbs  in  motion,  or 
keep  them  stationary.  Tho  slowness  or  (piickness  of  the  trnns- 
fers  fixes  tho  different  paces,  whi^'h  are  orrcct  or  falfie,  even 
or  uneven,  according  as  these;  transfers  are  executed  with  cor- 
rectness or  irregidarity. 

It  18  understood  that  u  is  motive  power  is  subdivisible  ad 
infirntum,  since  it  is  dispersed  through  aU  the  muscles  of  the 
Rnimal.  When  the  latter,  himself,  determines  tho  use  of  them, 
tho  forces  are  instinctive  ;  I  shall  call  them  transmitted,  when 
they  emanate  from  the  rider.  In  tho  first  case,  the  man  is  gov- 
erned by  his  horse,  and  is  merely  the  plaything  of  Ids  caprices ; 
in  the  second,  on  tho  contrary,  he  makes  the  horse  a  dqpile  in- 
strument, submissive  to  all  the  impulses  of  his  will.  The  horse, 
then,  from  the  moment  he  is  mounted,  should  act  only  by  trans- 
mitted forces.  Tlie  invariable  application  of  tins  principle  con- 
stitutes the  true  art  of  the  horseman. 


.■'tf'i<'My^.J3K4i.'iH.M.WWPWHlB!Wia'^ffJ«llW 


rUIN(  ll'I.Krt   OK    IIUI  AKINO. 


JJHJ 


nnd  twpnty« 


\  of  a  woi;,'hf 
lorciit  to  tlio 
tlic  masH  iii- 
,  on  tlm  t'oti- 
vi'i<,'lit,  of  (li- 
^  to  iniotlicr, 
L'ttTiniiie  liirt 
i  truth  iiioro 
ly  will  1)0  in 
*  cxiKMly  tlmt 
I'lion.  If  ho 
tlmt  part  of 
IrHt,  to  those 
c  Riinic  tiling 
foiiiil  to  the 
•iprociilly,  in 
ifflit  with  tho 
r  bciiif;;  Riih- 
rom  0110  ex- 
n  motion,  or 
of  tlic  trnns- 
r  i'ixho,  even 
0(1  with  cor- 

)divisi})le  ad 
iiseles  of  the 
use  of  them, 
nittod,  when 
3  man  is  gov- 
his  caprices ; 
a  doipile  in- 
The  horse, 
nly  by  trans- 
irinciple  con- 


Bnt  Rnch  n  rcHult  ciiiinot  he  uttaiiu-d  itiHtantaneonHly.  Tlio 
yoiinjx  horne,  in  frfcdoiii,  haviii-j  heen  acciiHtciiied  to  n'^,'iilato 
his  own  nioviMiiciitH,  will  not,  at  tirst,  hul.iiiit  without  dillicnlly 
and  rt'Hi«tunc«  to  the  »tniii>;c  iiitliu-nce  that  ntiw  aHKiimert  to  tako 
the  entire  control  of  them.  A  Htrii^rgh'  n\m\  necenmirily  oiihiio 
between  the  horne  and  liiw  riilei,  who  will  b(>  overeoiiie  nnlewn 
lie  iti  p(weHHed  of  energy,  patience,  and,  above  all,  knowledge 
nccoHHary  to  the  carrying  of  IiIh  point.  TIh'  forccK  of  the  ani- 
mal being  the  element  upon  which  the  rider  must  principally 
work,  tirnt  for  coiKpiering,  and  in  the  end  for  directing  iheiii,  il 
JH  necewHary  he  nhould  apply  hiniHelf  to  these  before  any  thing 
elao.  IIo  inuHt  ntudy  what  they  are,  whence  they  Hpring,  the 
parts  wliero  they  unite  to  etfect  the  ntroiigest  resiHtance  by  imirt- 
cuhir  contraction,  and  th(!  ])hysical  cuuhch,  which  occ^awion  thew 
contractions.  When  this  is  discovered,  he  will  proceed  with 
his  pupil  by  means  in  accordance  with  his  uature,  and  his  pro- 
gress will  be  proportionably  rapid. 

Unfortunately,  we  search  in  vain,  in  ancient  or  modern 
authors  on  horsemanship,  I  will  not  say  for  rational  jirinciples, 
Imt  even  for  any  data  in  connecti(m  with  tho  forces  of  the  horse. 
All  speak  very  prettily  about  resistances,  oj^positions,  lightness, 
and  equilibrium ;  but  none  of  them  have  understood  how  to  tell 
us  what  causes  these  resistances,  how  we  can  combat  them,  de- 
stroy them,  and  produce  that  lightness  and  equilibrium,  which 
they  80  earnestly  recommend.  It  is  this  hiatus  which  has 
caused  so  much  doubt  and  obscurity  about  the  principles  of 
horsemanship;  it  is  this  that  has  kept  the  art  so  long  sta- 
tionary ;  it  is  this  hiatus,  which,  in  a  word,  I  conceive  myself 

able  to  fill. 

And  first,  I  lay  down  the  principle  that  all  tho  resistances 
of  young  horses  spring,  in  tho  first  place,  from  a  physical  cause, 
and  that  this  cause  only  becomes  a  moral  one,  through  tho  awk- 
wardness, ignorance,  or  brutality  of  the  rider.  In  fact,  besides 
the  natural  stiffness  peculiar  to  all  horses,  each  of  them  has 
his  own  peculiar  ci.T.formation,  the  greater  or  less  perfection  of 
which  produces  the  degree  of  harmony  which  exists  between 
the  forces  and  the  weight.  Tlio  want  of  this  harmony  occasions 
the  ungracefulness  of  their  paces,  the  difficulty  of  their  move- 
mente,  in  a  word,  all  the  obstacles  to  a  good  education.    In  a 


384 


THE  HORSE. 


MALCONFOEMATION. 


385 


state  of  freedom,  however  bad  may  be  the  structure  of  a  horse, 
instinct  is  sufficient  to  enable  him  to  make  such  a  use  of  his 
forces  as  to  maintain  liis  equilibrium  ;  but  there  are  movements 
which  it  is  impossible  that  he  should  make,  until  a  preparatory- 
exercise  shall  have  put  him  in  the  way  of  supplying  the  (defects 
of  his  organization  by  a  better  combined  use  of  his  motive 
power.  A  horse  puts  himself  in  motion  only  by  means  of  as- 
suming a  given  position ;  if  his  forces  be  such  as  to  oppose 
themselves  to  this  position,  they  must  first  be  annulled,  before 
they  can  be  placed  by  the  only  ones  which  can  effect  it. 

Now,  I  ask,  if  before  ovei-coming  these  first  obstacles,  the 
rider  adds  to  them  the  weight  of  his  own  body,  and  his  unreason- 
able demands,  must  not  the  animal  experience  still  greater  diffi- 
cidty  in  executing  certain  movements?  The  efforts  we  make  to 
compel  him  to  submission,  being  contrary  to  his  nature,  must 
we  not  necessarily  find  insurmountable  opposition?  He  will 
naturally  resist,  and  with  so  much  the  more  advantage,  because 
his  forces  being  ill-distributed,  will  suflice  to  paralyze  the  efforts 
of  his  rider.  The  resistance  then  emanates,  in  this  case,  from 
a  physical  cause.  This  beconi6s  a  moral  one  from  the  moment 
when — the  struggle  going  on  by  the  same  processes — the  horse 
begins  of  his  own  accord  to  concert  means  for  resisting  the  tor- 
ture imposed  on  him,  and  when  we  undertake  to  force  into  ope- 
ration parts,  whiclr  have  noi  previously  been  rendered  supple, 
and  liable  to  flexion. 

When  things  come  to  this  state,  they  can  only  from  bad 
become  worse.  The  rider,  soon  disgusted  at  the  impotence  of 
his  own  efforts,  will  throw  upon  the  horse  the  responsibility  of 
his  own  ignorance ;  he  will  brand  as  a  jade  an  animal  possess- 
ing perhaps  the  most  brilliant  resources,  and  of  which,  with 
more  discernment  and  tact,  he  could  have  made  a  hackney  as 
docile  in  character,  as  graceful  and  agreeable  in  his  paces.  I 
have  often  remarked  that  horses  considered  indomitable^  are 
those  which  develope  the  most  energy  and  vigor,  when  we  know 
how  to  remedy  those  physical  defects,  which  prevent  their  mak- 
ing use  of  them.  As  to  those  which,  in  spite  of  their  bad  for- 
mation, are  by  a  similar  system  made  to  show  a  semblance  of 
obedience,  we  need  thank  nothing  but  the  softness  of  their 
natures.    If  they  can  be  made  to  submit  to  the  simplest  exer 


cise,  it  is  only  on  condition  that  we  do  not  demand  any  thing 
more  of  them ;  for  they  would  soon  find  energy  to  resist  any 
farther  attempts.  The  rider  can  make  them  go  along  at  differ- 
ent paces,  to  be  sure ;  but  how  disconnected,  how  stiff,  how 
ungraceful  in  their  movements,  and  how  ridiculous  such  steeds 
make  their  unfortunate  riders  look,  as  they  toss  them  about  at 
will,  instead  of  being  guided  by  them  ?  Tliis  state  of  things  is 
natural  and  necessary,  unless  we  first  remove  the  cause  of  it ; 
the  improper  distribution  of  their  forces,  and  the  rigidity  caused 
hj  a  had  conformation. 

But  it  may  be  objected,  allowing  that  these  difficulties  are 
caused  by  the  formation  of  the  horse,  how  is  it  possible  to  remedy 
them  ?  You  do  not  surely  pretend  to  change  the  structure  of 
the  animal,  and  reform  the  work  of  nature  ?  Undoubtedly  not ; 
but  while  I  confess  that  it  is  impossible  to  give  more  breadth  to 
a  narrow  chest,  to  lengthen  a  short  neck,  to  lower  a  high  croup, 
to  shorten  and  fill  out  long,  weak,  narrow  loins,  I  do  not  the  less 
insist  that,  if  I  prevent  the  different  muscular  contractions  re- 
sulting from  these  physical  defects,  if  I  supple  the  muscles,  if  I 
make  myself  master  of  the  forces  so  as  to  use  them  at  will,  it 
will  be  easy  for  me  to  conquor  these  resistances,  to  give  more 
action  to  the  weak  parts,  and  to  subdue  the  excess  of  those 
which  are  too  vigorous,  and  thus  to  make  up  for  the  deficiencies 
of  nature. 

Such  results,  I  do  not  hesitate  to  say,  were  and  still  are  im- 
possible under  the  old  methods.  But  if  the  science  of  those, 
who  follow  the  old  beaten  track,  find  so  constant  an  obstacle  in 
the  great  number  of  horses  of  defective  formation,  there  are,  un- 
fortunately, some  horses  who,  by  the  perfection  of  their  organi- 
zation, and  the  consequent  facility  of  their  education,  contribute 
greatly  to  perpetuate  the  impotent  routines  that  have  been  so 
unfavorable  to  the  progress  of  horeemanship.  A  well  consti- 
tuted horse  is  one,  all  the  parts  of  which  being  regularly  harmo- 
nized, induce  the  perfect  equilibrium  of  the  whole.  It  would  be 
as  difficult  for  such  a  subject  to  depart  from  this  natural  equili- 
brium, and  take  up  an  improper  position,  for  the  purpose  of 
resistance,  as  it  is  at  first  painful  to  the  badly  formed  horse  to 
be  brought  into  that  just  distribution  of  forces,  without  which  no 
regularity  of  movement  can  be  hoped. 
Vol.  XL— 26 


CMMSa 


SOM 


wSi 


386 


THE  HORSE. 


THE  FLEXING8  OF  THE  HORSE. 


387 


"  It  is  then  only  in  the  education  of  these  last  that  the  real 
difficulties  of  horsemanship  consist.  With  the  others  the  break- 
ing ought  to  be,  so  to  say,  instantaneous ;  since,  all  the  springs 
being  in  their  places,  there  is  nothing  to  bo  done  but  to  put  them 
in  motion  ;  this  result  is  always  obtained  by  my  method.  Yet  the 
old  principles  demand  two  or  three  years  to  reach  this  point. 
And  when,  by  feeling  his  way  without  any  certainty  of  success, 
the  horseman,  gifted  with  tact  and  experience,  succeeds  at  last  in 
accustoming  the  horse  to  obey  the  impressions  communicated  to 
him,  the  rider  imagines  that  he  has  surmounted  great  difficul- 
ties, and  attributes  to  his  skill  a  state  so  near  to  that  of  nature, 
that  correct  principles  would  have  obtained  it  in  a  few  days. 
Then  as  the  animal  continues  to  display  in  all  his  movements 
the  grace  and  lightness  natural  to  his  beautiful  formation,  the 
rider  does  not  scruple  to  take  all  the  merit  to  himself;  thus 
showing  himself  as  presumptuous  in  this  case  as  he  was  unjust 
when  he  made  the  badly  formed  horse  responsible  for  the  fail- 
ure of  his  attempts. 

If  we  once  admit  these  truths  ; — 

Tliat  the  education  of  tlie  horse  consists  in  the  complete  sub- 
jection of  his  powers ; 

That  we  can  only  make  use  of  his  powers  at  will,  by  annul- 
ling all  resistances; 

And  that  these  resistances  have  their  source  in  the  muscular 
contractions  occasioned  by  physical  defects ; 

The  only  thing  necessary  will  be  to  seek  out  the  parts  in 
which  these  contractions  arise,  in  order  to  endeavor  to  oppose 
and  destroy  them. 

Long  and  conscientious  observations  have  shown  me  that, 
whatever  be  the  faults  of  formation  that  prevent  a  just  distribu- 
tion of  forces  in  the  horse,  it  is  always  in  the  neck  that  the  most 
immediate  effect  is  felt.  There  is  no  improper  movement,  no 
resistance,  which  is  not  preceded  by  the  contraction  of  this  part 
of  the  animal ;  and  as  the  jaw  is  intimately  connected  with  the 
neck,  the  rigidity  of  the  one  is  instantly  communicated  to  the 
other.  These  two  points  are  the  fulcrum  upon  which  the  horse 
relies,  in  order  to  defy  and  overpower  all  the  rider's  efforts.  We 
may  easily  conceive  the  immense  obstacle  they  must  present  to 
the  exertions  of  the  latter,  since  the  neck  and  head  being  the 


two  principal  levers  by  which  we  direct  the  animal,  it  is  impos- 
sible to  obtain  any  thing  from  him  until  we  render  ourselves 
mastei*s  of  these  first  and  indispensable  moans  of  action.  Beliind 
tlie  parts  in  which  the  forcon  are  most  exerted  by  muscular  con- 
tractions for  resistance,  are  the  loins  and  the  croup. 

The  contraction  of  these  two  opposite  extremities  are,  mu- 
tually the  one  to  the  other,  causes  and  effects,  that  is  to  say,  the 
rigidity  of  the  neck  induces  that  of  the  haunches,  and  vice  versa. 
We  may  combat  the  one  by  the  other ;  and  so  soon  as  we  have 
succeeded  in  anuUing  them,  so  soon  as  we  have  re-established 
the  equilibrium  and  harmony  which  they  prevented  between 
the  fore  and  hind  parts,  the  education  of  the  horse  will  be  half 
finished.  I  proceed  now  to  point  out  the  means  of  arriving  in- 
fallibly at  this  result. 

'  THE  FLEXINGS  OF  THE  HORSE. 

This  work  being  an  exposition  of  a  method  which  is  designed 
to  subvert  most  of  the  old  principles  of  horsemanship,  it  is  under- 
stood that  I  now  address  men  only  who  are  already  conversant  with 
the  equestrian  art,  and  unite  to  an  assuif^d  seat  a  familiarity  with 
the  horse,  sufficiently  great  to  understand  all  that  concerns  his 
mechanism.  I  will  not,  then,  revert  to  the  elementary  processes ; 
it  is  for  the  instructor  to  judge  if  his  pupil  possess  a  proper  de- 
gree of  solidity  of  seat,  and  is  sufficiently  a  part  of  the  horse ; 
for  at  the  same  time  that  a  good  seat  produces  this  identification, 
it  favors  the  easy  and  regular  play  of  the  rider's  extremities. 

My  present  object  is  to  treat  principally  of  the  education 
of  the  horse ;  but  this  education  is  too  intimately  connected  with 
that  of  the  rider,  that  he  should  make  any  considerable  progress 
in  the  one  without  a  knowledge  of  the  other.  In  explaining  the 
processes  which  should  produce  perfection  in  the  animal,  I  shall 
necessarily  teach  the  horseman  to  apply  them  himself;  he  will 
only  have  to  practise  to-morrow  what  I  teach  him  to-day.  Never- 
theless, there  is  one  thing  that  no  precept  can  give ;  that  is,  a 
fineness  of  touch,  a  delicacy  of  equestrian  sensibility  which  be- 
longs only  to  certain  privileged  organizations,  and  without 
which,  we  seek  in  vain  to  pass  certain  limits.  Having  said  this, 
we  will  return  to  our  sxibject. 


386 


THE  HOESE. 


"  It  is  then  only  in  the  education  of  these  last  that  the  real 
difficulties  of  horsemanship  consist.  With  the  others  the  break- 
ing ought  to  be,  so  to  say,  instantaneous ;  since,  all  the  springs 
being  in  their  places,  there  is  nothing  to  bo  done  but  to  put  them 
in  motion  ;  this  result  is  always  obtained  by  my  method.  Yet  the 
old  principles  demand  two  or  three  years  to  reach  this  point. 
And  when,  by  feeling  his  way  without  any  certainty  of  success, 
the  horseman,  gifted  with  tact  and  experience,  succeeds  at  last  in 
accustoming  the  horse  to  obey  the  impressions  communicated  to 
him,  the  rider  imagines  that  he  has  surmounted  great  difficul- 
ties, and  attributes  to  his  skill  a  state  so  near  to  that  of  nature, 
that  correct  principles  would  have  obtained  it  in  a  few  days. 
Then  as  the  animal  continues  to  display  in  all  his  movements 
the  grace  and  lightness  natural  to  his  beautiful  formation,  the 
rider  does  not  scruple  to  take  all  the  merit  to  liimself;  thus 
showing  himself  as  presumptuous  in  this  case  as  he  was  unjust 
when  he  made  the  badly  formed  horse  responsible  for  the  fail- 
ure of  his  attempts. 

If  we  once  admit  these  truths  ; — 

Tliat  the  education  of  the  horse  consists  iu  the  complete  sub- 
jection of  his  powers ; 

That  we  can  only  make  use  of  his  powers  at  will,  by  annul- 
ling all  resistances; 

And  that  these  resistances  have  their  source  in  the  muscular 
contractions  occasioned  by  physical  defects ; 

The  only  thing  necessary  will  be  to  seek  out  the  parts  in 
which  these  contractions  arise,  in  order  to  endeavor  to  oppose 
and  destroy  them. 

Long  and  conscientious  observations  have  shown  me  that, 
whatever  be  the  faults  of  formation  that  prevent  a  just  distribu- 
tion of  forces  in  the  horse,  it  is  always  in  the  neck  that  the  most 
immediate  effect  is  felt.  There  is  no  improper  movement,  no 
resistance,  which  is  not  preceded  by  the  contraction  of  this  part 
of  the  animal ;  and  as  the  jaw  is  intimately  connected  with  the 
neck,  the  rigidity  of  the  one  is  instantly  communicated  to  the 
other.  These  two  points  are  the  fulcrum  upon  which  the  horse 
relies,  in  order  to  defy  and  overpower  all  the  rider's  efforts.  We 
may  easily  conceive  the  immense  obstacle  they  must  present  to 
the  exertions  of  the  latter,  since  the  neck  and  head  being  the 


I 


THE   FLEXING8    OF   THE   HORSE. 


887 


t  that  the  real 
lers  the  break- 
all  the  springs 
jut  to  put  them 
ethod.  Yet  the 
ach  this  point, 
nty  of  success, 
ceeds  at  last  in 
inmunicated  to 

great  difficul- 
that  of  nature, 
in  a  few  days. 
Iiis  movements 
formation,  the 

himself;  thus 
!  he  was  unjust 
ble  for  the  fail- 


I  complete  sub- 
will,  by  annul- 
in  the  muscular 

5ut  the  parts  in 
eavor  to  oppose 

shown  me  that, 
;  a  just  distribu- 
sk  that  the  most 
r  movement,  no 
tion  of  this  part 
lected  with  the 
unicated  to  the 
ivhich  the  horse 
er's  efforts.  We 
must  present  to 
head  being  the 


two  principal  levers  by  which  we  direct  the  animal,  it  is  impos- 
sible to  obtain  any  thing  from  him  until  we  render  ourselves 
mastei*8  of  these  first  and  indispensable  moans  of  action.  Behind 
the  parts  in  which  the  forccn  are  most  exerted  by  muscular  con- 
tractions for  resistance,  are  the  loins  and  the  croup. 

The  contraction  of  these  two  opposite  extremities  are,  mu- 
tually the  one  to  the  other,  causes  and  effects,  that  is  to  say,  the 
rigidity  of  the  neck  induces  that  of  the  haunches,  aTid  vice  versa. 
We  may  combat  the  one  by  tlie  other;  and  so  soon  as  we  have 
succeeded  in  an  ailing  them,  so  soon  as  we  have  re-established 
the  equilibrium  and  harmony  which  they  prevented  between 
the  fore  and  hind  parts,  the  education  of  the  horse  will  be  half 
finished.  I  proceed  now  to  point  out  the  means  of  arriving  in- 
fallibly at  this  result. 

'  THE  FLEXINQS  OF  THE  HORSE. 

Tills  work  being  an  exposition  of  a  method  which  is  designed 
to  subvert  most  of  the  old  principles  of  horsemanship,  it  is  under- 
stood that  I  now  address  men  only  who  are  already  conversant  with 
the  equestrian  art,  and  unite  to  an  assured  seat  a  familiarity  with 
the  horse,  sufficiently  great  to  understand  all  that  concerns  his 
mechanism.  I  will  not,  then,  revert  to  the  elementary  processes ; 
it  is  for  the  instructor  to  judge  if  his  pupil  possess  a  proper  de- 
gree of  solidity  of  seat,  and  is  suflSciently  a  part  of  the  horse ; 
for  at  the  same  time  that  a  good  seat  produces  this  identification, 
it  favors  the  easy  and  regular  play  of  the  rider's  extremities. 

My  present  object  is  to  treat  principally  of  the  education 
of  the  horse ;  but  this  education  is  too  intimately  connected  with 
that  of  the  rider,  that  he  should  make  any  considerable  progress 
in  the  one  without  a  knowledge  of  the  other.  In  explaining  the 
processes  which  should  produce  perfection  in  the  animal,  I  shall 
necessarily  teach  the  horseman  to  apply  them  himself;  he  will 
only  have  to  practise  to-morrow  what  I  teach  him  to-day.  Never- 
theless, there  is  one  thing  that  no  precept  can  give ;  that  is,  a 
fineness  of  touch,  a  delicacy  of  equestrian  sensibility  which  be- 
longs only  to  certain  privileged  organizations,  and  without 
which,  we  seek  in  vain  to  pass  certain  limits.  Having  said  this, 
we  will  return  to  our  sxxbject. 


388 


THE   HORSE. 


Wc  now  know  the  parts  of  tho  horse  in  which  the  muscular 
contractions  lie  which  produce  the  most  resistance,  and  we  feel 
the  necessity  of  supplying  them.  Shall  we  then  cease  to  attack, 
exercise,  and  conquer  thera  all  at  once  ?  No ;  this  would  be  lo 
fall  back  into  the  old  error,  the  inefficiency  of  which  v/e  are 
convinced  of.  Tlie  animal's  nmscular  power  is  infinitely  supe- 
rior to  ours  ;  his  instinctive  forces,  moreover,  being  able  to  sus- 
tain themselves  the  one  by  the  others,  we  must  inevitably  be 
conquered  if  we  put  lA\em  all  at  once  in  motion.  Since  the 
contractions  have  their  seat  in  separate  parts,  let  us  profit  by  this 
division  to  combat  them  separately,  as  a  skilful  general  destroys, 
in  detail,  forces  which,  when  combined,  he  would  be  unable  to 
resist. 

For  the  rest,  whatever  the  age,  the  disposition,  and  the 
structure  of  my  pupil,  my  course  of  proceeding  at  the  start  will 
always  be  the  same.  The  results  will  only  be  more  or  less 
prompt  and  easy,  according  to  the  degree  of  perfection  in  his 
nature,  and  the  influenco  of  the  hand  to  which  he  has  been  pre- 
viously subjected.  Tho  flexings,  which  will  have  no  other  object 
in  the  case  of  a  well-made  hv^e,  than  that  of  preparing  his 
forces  to  yield  to  our  influence,  will  re-establish  calm  and  confi- 
dence in  a  horse  that  has  been  badly  handled  ;  and  in  a  defec- 
tive formation,  will  make  those  contractions  disappear,  which 
are  the  causes  of  resistance,  and  the  only  obstacles  to  the  pro- 
ducing of  a  perfect  equilibrium.  The  difficulties  to  be  sur- 
mounted will  be  in  proportion  to  this  complication  of  obstacles, 
but  will  quickly  disappear  with  a  little  pc^everanco  on  our 
part.  In  the  progression  we  are  about  to  pursue,  in  order  to 
produce  suppleness  in  all  the  different  pai'ts  of  the  animal,  we 
shall  naturally  commence  with  the  most  important  parts,  that  is 
to  say,  with  the  jaw  and  the  neck. 

Tlae  head  and  neck  of  the  horse  are  at  once  the  rudder  and 
compass  of  the  rider.  By  them  he  directs  the  animal ;  by  them, 
also,  he  can  ascertain  the  regularity  and  precision  of  his  mo^j- 
ments.  The  equilibrium  of  the  whole  body  is  perfect,  and  its 
lightness  complete,  wher  the  head  and  neck  remain  of  them- 
selves easy,  pliable,  and  gi'aceful.  On  the  contrary,  there  can 
be  no  elegance,  no  ease  of  the  whole,  when  these  two  parts  are 
rigid.    Preceding  the  body  of  the  horse  in  all  the  impulses 


STIFFNESS  OF  NECK. 


380 


1  the  muscular 
;e,  and  we  feel 
jease  to  attack, 
is  would  be  lo 
'  which  we  are 
infinitely  supe- 
iig  able  to  8U8- 
iuevitably  be 
on.  Since  the 
18  profit  by  this 
sneral  destroys, 
d  be  unable  to 

3ition,  and  the 
,t  the  start  will 
1  more  or  less 
Ri-fection  in  his 
3  has  been  pre- 
no  other  object 
preparing  his 
aim  and  confi- 
and  in  a  defec- 
appear,  which 
sles  to  the  pro- 
ves to  be  sur- 
»n  of  obstacles, 
eranco  on  our 
sue, in  order  to 
the  animal,  we 
it  parts,  that  is 

the  rudder  and 
mal ;  by  them, 
in  of  his  mo^3- 
peifect,  and  its 
imain  of  them- 
•ary,  there  can 
>  two  parts  are 
L  the  impulses 


communicated  to  it,  they  ought  to  give  warning,  and  show  by 
their  attitude  the  positions  to  be  taken,  and  the  movements  to 
bo  executed.  The  rider  has  no  power  so  long  as  they  remain 
contracted  and  rebellious;  he  disposes  of  the  animal  at  will, 
when  once  they  becon.e  flexible  and  easily  managed.  If  the 
head  and  neck  do  not  first  commence  the  changes  of  direction, 
if  in  circular  movements  they  are  not  inclined  in  a  curved  line, 
if  in  backing  they  do  not  bend  back  upon  themselves,  and  if  their 
lightness  be  not  always  in  harmony  with  the  different  paces  at 
which  we  wish  to  go,  the  horse  will  have  it  in  his  own  power 
to  execute  or  to  refuse  these  movements,  since  he  will  remain 
master  of  the  employmenc  of  his  own  forces. 

From  the  first  moment  I  observed  the  powerful  influence 
exercised  by  the  stiffness  of  the  neck  on  the  whole  mechanism 
of  the  horse,  I  attentively  sought  the  means  to  remedy  it.  Ke- 
sistance  to  the  hand  acts  always  either  sideways,  upward  or 
downward.  I  at  first  imagined  that  the  neck  was  the  sole 
source  of  these  resistances,  and  applied  myself  to  suppling  the 
animal  by  flexions,  repeated  in  every  direction.  Tlie  result  was 
immense ;  but  although,  at  the  end  of  a  certain  time,  the  sup- 
plings  of  the  neck  rendered  me  perfectly  master  of  the  forces  of 
the  fore-parts  of  the  horse,  I  still  found  a  slight  resistance  for 
which  I  could  not  at  first  account.  At  last,  I  discovered  that  it 
proceeded  from  the  jaw.  The  flexibility  I  had  communicated 
to  the  neck  even  increased  the  effect  of  this  stiffness  of  the 
muscles  of  the  lower  jaw,  by  perm..ting  the  horse  in  certain 
cases  to  escape  the  action  of  the  bit.  I  then  bethought  me  of 
the  means  of  combating  these  resistances  in  this,  their  last 
stronghold,  and  from  that  moment  it  is  there  I  have  commenced 
my  work  of  suppling  with  that  part. 

The  first  exercise  is  performed  on  foot,  and  gives  the  means 
of  making  the  horse  come  to  the  man,  and  rendering  him  steady 
to  mount  and  generally  docile. 

Before  commencing  the  exercises  of  flexions,  it  is  essential 
to  give  the  horse  a  first  lesson  of  subjection,  and  teach  him  to 
recognize  the  powev  of  man.  The  first  act  of  submission,  which 
might  appear  unimportant,  will  have  the  effect  of  speedily  ren- 
dering him  calm,  of  giving  him  confidence,  and  of  preventing 


cap 


390 


THE   HORflB. 


all  thooc  movements  which  might  distract  his  attention,  and 
mar  the  success  of  the  commencement  of  his  odiicivtion. 

Two. lessons,  of  half  an  hour  each,  will  suffice  to  ohtain  the 
preparatory  obedience  of  every  horse.     Tlie  pleasure  we  expe- 
rience in  thus  playing  with  him  will  naturally  lead  the  rider  to 
continue  this  exercise  for  a  few  moments  each  day,  and  make  it 
both  instructive  to  the  horse  and  useful  to  himself.     The  mode 
of  proceeding  is  as  follows ;— The  rider  will  approach  the  horse, 
witliout  roughness  or  timidity,  his  whip  under  his  arm  ;  he  will 
speak  to  him  without  raising  his  voice  too  much,  ajid  will  pat 
him  on  the  face  and  neck ;  then  with  the  left  iiand  he  will  lay 
hold  of  the   curb   reins,   jibout  six  or  seven  inches  from  the 
branches  of  the  bit,  keeping  his  wrist  stiflF,  so  as  to  present  as 
much  force  as  possible  when  the  horse  resists.     The  whip  will 
be  held  firmly  in  the  right  hand,  the  point  towards  the  ground, 
then  slowly  raised  as  high  as  the  horse's  chest,  in  order  to  tap  it 
at  intervals  of  a  second.     The  first  natural  movement  of  the 
horse  will  be  to  withdraw  from  the  direction  in  which  the  pain 
comes,  by  backing  away  from  it.     The  rider  will  follow  this 
backward  movement,  without  discontinuing  the  firm  tension  of 
the  reins,  or  the  little  taps  with  the  whip  on  the  breast,  applying 
them  all  the  time  with  the  same  degree  of  intensity.    The  rider 
should  be  perfectly  self-possessed,  that  there  may  be  no  indica- 
tion of  anger  or  weak.iess  in  his  motions  or  looks.     Becoming 
tired  of  this  constraint,  the  horse  will  soon  seek  to  avoid  the  in- 
fliction by  another  movement,  and  by  coming  forward  he  will 
arrive  at  it;  the  rider  will  avail  himself  of  this  second  instinctive 
movement  to  stop  and  caress  the  animal  with  his  hand  and 
voice.     The  repetition  of  this  exercise  will  give  the  most  sur- 
prising results,  even  in  the  first  lesson.     The  horse,  having  dis- 
covered and  understood  the  means  by  which  he  can  avoid  the 
pain,  will  not  wait  till  tlie  whip  touches  him,  he  will  anticipate 
it  by  rushing  forward  at  the  least  gesture.    The  rider  will  take 
advantage  of  this  to  efiect,  by  a  downward  force  of  the  bridle 
hand,  the  depression  of  the  neck,  and  the  getting  him  in  hand ; 
he  will  thus  at  an  early  period  of  his  education  dispose  the  horse 
to  receive  the  exercises  which  are  to  follow. 

This  training,  besides  being  a  great  recreation,  will  serve 
to  render  the  horse  steady  to  mount,  will  greatly  abridge  the 


RMM 


FLEXIONS  OF  TUK  JAW. 


391 


ttontion,  and 

tion. 

to  obtain  the 

irc,  we  expo- 

thu  ridcM"  to 

and  make  it 

The  mode 

cli  the  horse, 

irni ;  lie  will 

and  will  pat 

id  he  will  lay 

lies  from  the 

to  present  as 
^he  whip  will 

8  the  ground, 
>rder  to  tap  it 
ement  of  the 
Inch  the  pain 
11  follow  this 

rni  tension  of 
jast,  applying 
y.     The  rider 

be  no  indica- 
3.     Becoming 

avoid  the  in- 
rward  he  will 
nd  instinctive 
Ills  hand  and 
the  most  sur- 
},  having  dis- 
3an  avoid  the 
vill  anticipate 
ider  will  take 
!  of  the  bridle 
him  in  hand ; 
)08e  the  horse 

)n,  will  serve 
Y  abridge  the 


process  of  his  education,  and  accelerate  the  development  of  his 
intelligence.  Should  the  horse,  by  reason  of  his  restless  or  wild 
nature,  become  very  unruly,  we  should  have  recourse  to  thu 
cavesson,  as  a  means  of  repressing  his  disorderly  movemonts, 
and  use  it  with  little  jerks.  I  would  add,  that  it  requires  great 
prudence  and  discernment  to  use  it  \vith  tact  and  moderation. 

The  flexions  of  the  jaw,  as  well  as  the  two  flexions  of  the 
neck  which  follow,  are  executed  standing  still,  by  the  man  on 
foot.  The  horse  must  bo  brought  out  to  the  ground  saddled  and 
bridled,  with  the  reins  on  his  neck.  The  man  will  first  see  that 
the  bit  is  properly  placed  in  the  hoise's  mouth,  and  that  the 
curb-chain  is  fastened  so  that  he  can  introduce  his  flnger  between 
the  links  and  the  horse's  chin.  Then  looking  the  animal  good- 
naturedly  in  the  eyes,  he  will  place  himself  before  him  near  his 
head,  holding  his  body  straight  and  firm,  planting  his  feet  a 
little  way  apart  in  order  to  steady  himself,  and  enable  hira  to 
struggle  advantageously  against  all  resistances. 

In  order  to  execute  the  flexion  to  the  right,  the  man  should 
take  hold  of  the  right  curb-rein  with  the  right  hand,  at  about 
six  inches  from  the  branch  of  the  bit,  and  the  left  rein  with  the 
left  hand,  at  only  three  inches  from  the  left  branch.  He  n  .st 
then  draw  his  right  hand  towards  his  body,  pushing  out  his  left 
hand  so  as  to  turn  the  bit  in  the  horse's  mouth.  The  force 
employed  ought  to  be  entirely  determined  by  and  proportioned 
to  the  resistance  of  the  jaw  and  neck,  and  of  these  oidy,  so  as 
not  to  affect  the  rest  of  his  body.  If  the  horse  back,  to  avoid 
the  flexion,  the  opposition  of  the  hands  should  still  be  continued. 
If  the  preceding  exercise  have  been  completely  and  carefully 
practiced,  it  will  be  easy  by  the  aid  of  the  whip  to  prevent  this 
retrograde  movement,  which  is  a  great  obstacle  to  all  kinds  of 
flexions  of  the  jaw  and  neck.      Figure  1. 

So  soon  as  the  flexion  is  obtained,  the  left  hand  will  let  the 
left  rein  slip  to  the  same  length  as  the  right,  then  drawing  the 
two  reins  equally,  will  bring  the  head  near  to  Jie  breast,  and 
hold  it  there  oblique  and  perpendicular,  until  it  sustains  itself 
without  assistance  in  this  position.  The  horee,  by  champing  the 
bit,  will  show  that  he  is  in  hand  as  well  as  perfectly  submissive. 
The  man,  to  reward  him,  will  cease  drawing  on  the  reins  imme- 


»M 


392 


THE  nORBB. 


diately,  and  after  eomo  seconds  will  allow  him  to  resume  his 
natural  position.      Figure  2. 


Ftgnrb  1. 


Tlie  flexion  of  the  jaw  to  the  left  is  executed  upon  the 
same  principles,  and  by  inverse  means  ;  the  man  being  careful 
to  change  alternately  from  the  one  to  the  other. 


FignreS. 


The  importance  of  these  flexions  of  the  jaw  is  easily  un- 
derstood. The  result  of  them  is  to  prepare  the  horse  to  yield 
instantly  to  the  lightest  pressure  of  the  bit,  and  to  supple 


MHiMiMMMillIBi 


ifi&^^aii 


DEPRESSION   OF  NECK. 


393 


>  resume  his 


;ed  upon  the 
being  careful 


I 


is  easily  un- 
lorse  to  yield 
id  to  supple 


directly  the  muscles  which  join  tho  lu'iul  to  the  neck.  As  the 
head  ought  to  procedo  and  dotoniiiiic  tho  difforent  attitudes  of 
tho  neck,  it  iw  indispensable  that  tho  latter  part  be  always  in 
subjection  to  the  former,  and  respond  to  every  iinpidse  conveyed 
to  it.  This  would  bo  only  partially  tho  case,  should  we  produce 
flexibility  in  the  neck  alone,  which  would  then  force  the  head 
to  obey  it,  by  drawing  the  latter  along  in  its  nioveincnts.  Tho 
cause  appeai-s,  therefore,  why  I  at  first  experienced  resistance, 
in  spite  of  the  pliability  of  the  neck,  of  which  I  could  not  ima- 
gine the  cause.  The  followers  of  my  method,  to  whom  I  have 
not  yet  had  an  opportunity  of  making  known  the  new  means 
just  explained,  will  learn  with  pleasure  that  this  process  not 
only  brings  the  flexibility  of  the  neck  to  a  greater  degree  of  per- 
fection, but  saves  much  time  in  finishing  the  suppling.  Tlie 
exercise  of  the  jaw,  while  fashioning  the  mouth  and  head,  also 
induces  flexibility  of  the  neck,  and  accelerates  the  getting  of  the 
horse  in  hand. 

This  exercise  is  the  first  of  our  attempts  to  accustom  the 
forces  of  the  horse  to  yield  to  those  of  the  rider.  It  is  necessary 
then  to  manage  it  very  nicely,  so  as  not  to  discourage  him  at 
first.  To  enter  on  the  fiexions  roughly  would  be  to  shock  the 
animal's  intelligence,  who  would  not  in  that  case  have  time  to 
comprehend  what  is  required  of  him.  The  opposition  of  the 
hands  will  be  commenced  gently  but  firmly,  nor  cease  until 
perfect  obedience  is  obtained ;  except,  indeed,  the  liorse  back 
against  a  wall,  or  into  a  corner  ;  but  it  will  diminish  or  increase 
its  efl'ect  in  proportion  to  the  resistance,  in  such  a  way  as  always 
to  govern  it,  but  not  with  too  great  violence.  The  horse  which 
will  not  at  first  submit  without  difficulty,  will  in  the  end  come 
to  regard  the  man's  hand  as  an  irresistible  regulator,  and  will 
accustom  himself  so  completely  to  obey  it,  that  we  shall  soon 
obtain,  by  a  simple  pressure  of  the  rein,  what  at  fii-st  required 
the  whole  strength  of  our  arms. 

At  each  renewal  of  the  lateral  flexions,  some  progress  will 
be  made  in  the  obedience  of  the  horse.  As  soon  as  his  first  re- 
sistances are  a  little  diminished,  we  must  pass  to  the  perpen- 
dicular flexions  or  depression  of  the  neck. 

The  man  will  place  himself  as  for  the  lateral  flexions  of 
the  jaw;  he  will  take  hold  of  the  reins  of  the  snaffle  with  the 


^^smM'bi.tm?-»m'M'i'^&}S''s>^^' ' 


804 


THE   UOB8E. 


left  linml,  at  six  inches  from  tlio  riiij^n,  mul  the  curb-reina  at 
about  two  iiu'lu'rt  from  tlio  l)it,  H(^  will  oppoHo  tlio  two  limids 
by  c'tfi'ctiiij,'  the  (K-proBBion  with  tho  left  and  tho  proper  posi- 
tion with  thu  right. 


Figure  8. 


As  BOon  as  tlio  horse's  head  shall  fall  of  its  own  accord, 
and  by  its  own  weight,  the  man  will  instantly  cease  all  kind  of 
force,  and  allow  the  animal  to  resume  his  natm-al  position. 


Hi 


MMM 


j'fftM  I 


DEPHKSSION   OF  NECK. 


305 


I  curb-reina  at 
tlio  two  hiuids 
o  proper  poBi- 


8  own  accord, 
eabo  all  kind  of 
I  position. 


Tins  oxorcisp,  htiing  often  rcpuatod,  will  -ioon  give  anpplo- 
no8H  to  till'  t'lovutiii^  imirtclos  of  tlio  neck,  wliidi  play  a  promi- 
nent i)art  in  the  reHiHl'iiices  of  the  horse,  and  will  farther  facili- 
tate the  dirwt  HexioiiH  and  the  trettiiij?  the  head  in  position, 
which  hIiouUI  follow  the  lateral  HexionH.  Tlio  num  can  execute 
this,  as  well  as  the  preceding  exercise,  by  himself;  yet  it  woidd 
be  well  to  put  a  second  person  in  the  sadtUe,  in  order  to  accus- 
tom the  horse  to  the  exercise  of  the  supplings  with  a  rider.  This 
rider  ehoultl  just  hold  the  studHe-reiiis,  without  drawing  on  them, 
in  his  right  hand,  the  luiils  downward. 

Tlje  ilexions  of  the  jaw  will  have  already  comniuMicated 
suppleness  to  the  upj)er  part  of  the  neck,  but  wo  have  obtuined 
it  by  means  of  a  powerful  and  direct  nu>tive  power,  and  we 
must  accustom  the  horse  to  yield  to  a  less  direct  re;iulating 
force.  Furthermore,  it  is  desirable  that  the  pliability  and  tlexi- 
bility,  especially  necessary  in  the  upper  part  of  the  neck,  should 
be  transmitted  throughout  its  whole  extent,  so  as  entirely  to 
destroy  its  rigidity. 

The  force  from  above  downward,  practised  with  the  snaffle, 
acting  only  by  the  head-stall  on  the  top  of  the  head,  often  takes 
too  long  to  make  the  horse  lowe/  his  head.  In  this  case,  we 
must  cross  the  two  snaffle  reir.-  \y  taking  the  left  rein  in  the 
right,  and  the  right  rein  in  the  left  hand,  about  six  or  seven 
inches  from  the  horse's  mouth,  in  such  away  as  to  cause  a  pretty 
strong  pressure  upon  the  chin.  This  force,  like  all  the  others, 
must  be  continued  until  the  horse  yields.  The  flexions  being 
repeated  with  this  more  powerful  agent,  will  put  him  in  a  con- 
dition to  respond  to  the  means  previously  indicated.  K  the 
horse  responded  to  the  first  flexions  represented  by  Figure  4,  it 
would  be  unnecessary  to  make  use  of  this  one.    (Figure  5). 

"We  can  act  directly  on  the  jaw  so  as  to  render  it  prompt  in 
moving.  In  order  to  do  this,  we  take  the  left  curb-rein  about 
six  inches  from  the  horse's  mouth,  and  draw  it  straight  towards 
the  left  shoulder ;  at  the  same  time  we  draw  the  left  rein  of  the 
snaffle  forward,  in  such  a  way  that  the  wrists  of  the  person 
holding  the  two  reins  shall  be  opposite  and  on  a  level  with  each 
other.  The  two  opposed  forces  will  soon  cause  a  separation  of 
the  jaws,  and  end  all  resistance.  The  force  ought  always  to  be 
proportioned  to  that  of  the  horse,  whether  in  his  resistance,  or  ia 


•^mmvi:^mm>.:i:imh2ihv!MMmMk, 


896 


TTTB  noitra> 


Ilia  oasy  nubinirtHion.    TIuib,  by  monjis  of  thiH  direct  forro,  a  fow 
h'HHoiiH  will  lit'  Miinicifiit,  to  ^\\v  II  pliiiltility  to  tlui  part   in  ([\wn- 
turn  which  could  not  huvo  boon  obtuincd  by  any  other  muuna. 
Figure  6. 


Figure  n. 

For  the  lateral  flexions  of  the  neck,  the  man  will  place 
himself  near  the  horse's  shoulder,  as  for  the  flexions  u?  the  jaw  \ 
ho  will  take  hold  of  the  right  snaflie-rein,  which  he  will  draw 
upon  across  the  neck,  in  order  to  establish  an  intermediate 
point  between  the  influence  which  is  conveyed  from  himself 
and  the  resistance  which  the  horse  ofibrs ;  he  will  hold  up  the 
left  rein  with  the  left  hand  about  a  foot  from  the  bit.  As  soon 
as  the  horse  endeavors  to  avoid  the  constant  tension  of  the  right 
rein  by  inclining  his  head  to  the  right,  he  will  let  the  left  rein 
slip  so  as  to  oflFer  no  opposition  to  the  flexion  of  the  neck.   When- 


sgiiMSi 


LATKBAL   KLKXIONB  OF  TIIK   NKCK. 


397 


ever  tho  Iioi-ho  omloiivori*  to  oRcnpo  tlio  conHfriiiiif  of  tho  rip;l»t 
roin,  hy  l»riiiKiii>;  Iuh  crouj)  aiomid,  lio  will  bo  brought  into 
j)luco  ugjiin  hy  Hlight  puUa  on  tho  left  rciti. 


Figure  6. 

"When  the  head  and  neck  have  entirely  yielded  to  the 
right,  the  man  will  draw  equally  on  both  reins  to  place  tho  head 
perpendicularly.  Suppleness  and  lightness  will  soon  follow  this 
position,  and  as  soon  as  the  horse  evinces,  by  champing  the  bit, 
entire  freedom  from  otitfness,  the  man  will  cease  the  tension  of 
the  reins,  being  careful  that  the  head  shall  not  avail  itself  of  this 
moment  of  freedom  to  displace  itself  suddenly.  In  this  case,  it 
will  be  svfficient  to  restrain  it  by  a  slight  support  of  the  right 
rein.  After  having  kept  the  horse  in  this  position  for  some 
seconds,  the  instructor  will  make  him  resume  his  former  posi- 


^tmm^!^ 


398 


nORSE. 


«... 
,  *, 
•r  , 


tion  by  drawing  on  the  left  rein.  It  is  moat  important  tliat  the 
animal  in  all  his  movements  should  do  nothing  of  his  own 
accord. 

The  flexion  of  the  neck  to  the  left  is  executed  after  the  same 
principles,  but  by  inverse  means.  The  man  can  repeat  with 
the  curb,  what  he  has  previously  done  with  the  snafflo-reins; 
but  the  snatfle  should  always  be  employed  first,  its  effect  being 
less  powerful  and  more  direct. 

When  the  horse  submits  without  resistance  to  the  preced- 
ing exercises,  it  will  prove  that  the  suppling  of  the  neck  has 
already  made  a  great  step.  The  rider  can,  henceforward,  con- 
tinue his  work  by  operating  with  a  less  direct  motive  power, 
and  without  the  animal's  being  impressed  by  the  sight  of  him. 
He  will  place  himself  in  the  saddle,  and  commence  by  repeat- 
ing, with  the  full  length  of  the  reins,  the  lateral  flexions,  in 
which  he  has  already  exercised  his  horse. 

Of  lateral  flexions  of  the  neck,  the  man  being  on  horse- 
*back,  in  order  to  execute  the  flexion  to  the  right,  the  rider  will 
take  one  snaffle-rein  in  each  hand,  the  left  scarcely  feeling  the 
bit;  the  right,  on  the  contrary,  giving  a  moderate  impression  at 
first,  but  which  will  increase  in  proportion  to  the  resistance  of 
the  horse,  and  in  a  way  always  to  govern  him.  The  animal, 
soon  tired  of  a  struggle  which,  being  prolonged,  only  makes  the 
pain  proceeding  from  the  bit  more  acute,  will  understand  that 
the  only  way  to  avoid  it  is  to  incline  the  head  in  the  direction 
from  which  the  pressure  is  felt. 

As  soon  as  th.e  horse's  head  is  brought  round  to  the  right, 
the  left  rein  will  form  an  opposition,  to  prevent  the  nose  from 
passing  beyond  the  perpendicular.  Great  care  should  be  taken 
that  the  head  remain  always  in  this  position,  without  which  the 
flexion  would  be  imperfect  and  the  suppleness  incomplete.  Tlie 
movement  being  regularly  accomplished,  the  horse  will  be 
made  to  resume  his  natural  position  by  a  slight  tension  of  the 
left  rein. 

The  flexion  to  the  left  is  executed  in  the  same  way,  the  rider 
employing  alternately  the  snaffle  and  the  curb-reins. 

I  have  already  mentioned  that  it  is  of  great  importance  to 
supple  the  upper  part  of  the  neck.  After  mounting,  and  having 
obtained  the  lateral  flexions  without  resistance,  the  rider  will 


LATERAL    FLEXIONS   ON    HORSEBACK. 


899 


iportant  tliat  the 
ling  of  his  own 

d  after  the  same 
can  repeat  with 
;he  snaffle-reins; 
,  its  eflfect  being 

36  to  the  preced- 
Df  the  neck  has 
nceforward,  con- 
:t  motive  power, 
;he  sight  of  him. 
lence  by  repeat- 
:eral  flexions,  in 

being  on  horse- 
lit,  the  rider  will 
rcely  feeling  the 
ite  impression  at 
tlie  resistance  of 
m.  The  animal, 
,  only  makes  the 
understand  that 
[  in  the  direction 

nnd  to  the  right, 
t  the  nose  from 
should  be  taken 
ithout  which  the 
ncomplete.  Tlie 
3  horse  will  be 
it  tension  of  the 

le  way,  the  rider 

reins. 

at  importance  to 

iting,  and  having 

e,  the  rider  will 


often  content  himself  with  executing  them  half  way,  the  head 
and  upper  part  of  the  neck  pivoting  upon  the  lower  part,  which 
will  serve  as  a  base,  or  axis.  Tliis  exercise  must  be  frequently 
repeated,  even  after  the  horse's  education  is  coiii])lctod,  in  order 
to  keep  up  the  pliability  of  his  neck,  and  facilitate  the  getting 
him  in  hand. 

It  now  remains  for  us,  in  order  to  complete  the  suppling  of 
the  head  and  neck,  to  combat  the  contractions  which  occasion 
the  direct  resistances,  and  prevent  our  getting  the  horse's  head 
into  a  perpendicular  position. 

For  the  direct  flexions  of  the  head  and  neck,  or  for  bring- 
ing in  the  nose,  the  rider  will  first  use  the  snaffle-reins,  which  he 
will  hold  together  in  the  left  hand,  as  he  would  the  curb-reins. 
He  will  rest  the  outer  edge  of  the  right  hand  upon  the  reins  in 
front  of  the  left  hand,  in  order  to  increase  the  power  of  the 
right  hand ;  after  which  he  will  gradually  bear  on  the  snaffle- 
bit.  So  soon  as  the  horse  yields,  it  will  suffice  to  raise  the  right 
hand,  in  order  to  diminish  the  tension  of  the  reins,  and  reward 
the  animal.  As  the  hand  must  only  present  a  force  proportion- 
ed to  the  resistance  of  the  neck,  it  will  only  be  necessary  to  hold 
the  legs  rather  close  to  prevent  backing.  When  the  horse  obeys 
the  action  of  the  snaffle,  he  will  yield  much  more  quickly  to 
that  of  the  curb,  the  eff'ect  of  which  is  so  much  more  powerful. 
The  curb,  of  course,  needs  more  care  in  the  use  of  it  than  the 

snaffle. 

The  horse  will  have  completely  yielded  to  the  action  of  the 
hand,  when  his  head  is  carried  in  a  position  perfectly  perpen- 
dicular to  the  ground ;  from  that  time  the  contraction  will  cease, 
which  the  animal  will  show,  as  in  every  other  case,  by  champ- 
inw  his  bit.  Tlie  ri<ler  must  be  careful  not  to  be  deceived  by  the 
feints  of  the  horse,  feints  which  consist  in  yielding  one-fourth  or 
one-third  of  the  way,  and  then  hesitating.  If,  for  example,  the 
nose  of  the  horse  having  to  pass  over  a  curve  of  ten  degrees  to 
attain  the  perpendicular  position,  should  stop  at  the  fourth  or 
sixth,  and  again  resist,  the  hand  should  follow  the  movement, 
and  then  remain  firm  and  immovable,  for  a  concession  on  its 
part  would  encourage  resistance  and  increase  the  difflculties. 
When  the  nose  shall  descend  to  No.  10,  the  perpendicular  posi- 
tion will  be  complete,  and  the  lightness  perfect.    The  rider  can 


400 


THE  HOBSB. 


then  cease  the  tension  of  the  reins,  but  at  the  same  time  he  most 
not  permit  the  head  to  leave  its  position.  If  he  lets  it  return  at 
all  to  its  natural  situation,  it  should  only  be  to  draw  it  back 
again,  and  to  make  the  animal  understand  that  the  perpendicular 
position  of  the  head  is  the  only  one  allowed  when  under  the 
rider's  hand.  lie  should,  at  the  outset,  accustom  the  horse  to 
cease  backing  at  the  pressure  of  the  legs,  as  all  backward  move- 
ments would  enable  him  to  avoid  the  effects  of  the  hand,  or 
create  new  means  of  resistance. 

This  is  the  most  important  flexion  of  all ;  the  others  tended 
principally  to  pave  the  way  for  it.  So  soon  as  it  is  executed 
with  ease  and  promptness,  so  soon  as  a  slight  touch  is  sufficient 
to  place  and  keep  the  head  in  a  perpendicular  position,  it  will 
prove  that  the  suppleness  is  completely  effected,  the  contraction 
destroyed,  and  lightness  and  equilibrium  established  in  the  fore- 
hand. The  direction  of  this  part  of  the  animal  will,  hencefor- 
ward, be  as  easy  as  it  is  natural,  since  we  have  put  it  in  a  con- 
dition to  receive  all  the  influences  we  desire  to  convey  to  it, 
and  instantly  to  yield  to  them  without  effort. 

As  to  the  functions  of  the  legs,  they  must  support  the 
hind  parts  of  the  horse,  in  order  to  obtain  the  bringing  in  of  the 
nose  to  tlie  chest  in  such  a  way  that  he  may  not  be  able  to 
avoid  the  effect  of  the  hand  by  a  retrograde  movement  of  his 
body.  This  complete  getting  in  hand  is  necessary,  in  order  to 
drive  the  hind  legs  under  the  centre.  In  the  first  case,  we  act 
upon  the  forehand;  in  the  second,  upon  the  hind  parts;  the 
first  serves  for  affecting  the  perpendicular  position  of  the  head, 
the  second  for  bringing  the  haunches  under  him. 

I  published  four  editions  of  my  Method,  without  devoting  a 
special  article  to  the  combination  of  effects.  Although  I  myself 
made  a  very  frequent  use  of  it,  I  had  not  attached  sufficient  im- 
portance to  the  great  necessity  of  this  principle  in  the  case  of 
teaching ;  later  experiments  have  taught  me  to  consider  it  of 
more  consequence. 

The  combination  of  effects  means  the  continued  and  ex- 
actly opposed  forces  of  the  hand  and  the  legs.  Its  object  should 
be  to  bring  back  again  into  a  position  of  equilibrium  all  the  parts 
of  the  horse  which  depart  from  that  position,  in  order  to  prevent 
him  from  going  ahead,  without  backing  him,  and  vice  versd  / 


RESTING   THE   CHIN    ON    BREAST. 


401 


le  time  he  mast 
lets  it  return  at 
•  draw  it  back 
J  perpendicular 
hen  under  the 
n  the  horse  to 
ackward  move- 
f  the  hand,  or 

)  others  tended 
it  is  executed 
ich  is  sufficient 
position,  it  will 
the  contraction 
lied  in  the  fore- 
will,  hencefor- 
put  it  in  a  con- 
0  convey  to  it, 

st  support  the 
nging  in  of  the 
lot  be  able  to 
)vement  of  his 
iry,  in  order  to 
rst  case,  we  act 
ind  parts;  the 
)n  of  the  head, 

out  devoting  a 

lough  I  myself 

d  sufficient  im- 

in  the  case  of 

consider  it  of 

inued  and  ex- 
i  object  should 
m  all  the  parts 
■der  to  prevent 
id  vice  versd  ; 


finally,  it  serves  to  prevent  any  movement  from  the  right  to  the 
left,  or  from  the  left  to  the  right.  By  this  means,  also,  we  distri- 
bute the  weight  ofthe  mass  equally  on  the  four  legs,  and  produce 
temporary  immobility.  This  combination  of  effects  ought  to  pre- 
cede and  follow  each  exercise  within  the  graduated  limit  assign- 
ed to  it.  It  is  essential  when  we  employ  the  aids,  i.  e.,  the  hand 
and  the  legs  in  this,  that  the  action  of  the  legs  should  precede 
that  of  the  hand,  in  order  to  prevent  the  horse  from  backing 
against  any  place  ;  for  he  might  iind,  in  this  movement,  points  of 
support  that  would  enable  him  to  increase  his  resistance.  Thus, 
all  motion  of  the  extremities,  proceeding  from  the  horse  himself, 
should  be  stopped  by  a  tua  bination  of  effects;  finally,  when- 
ever his  forces  get  scattered,  and  act  inharmoniously,  the  rider 
will  find  in  this  a  powerful  and  infallible  corrective. 

It  is  by  disposing  all  the  parts  of  the  horse  in  the  most 
exact  order,  that  we  shall  easily  transmit  to  him  the  motive  im- 
pulse which  should  cause  the  regular  movements  of  his  extremi- 
ties ;  it  is  thus  also  that  we  address  his  comprehension,  and  that 
he  is  made  to  appreciate  what  we  demand  of  him ;  then  will 
follow  caresses  of  the  hand  and  voice  as  a  moral  effect ;  they 
should  not  be  used,  though,  until  after  he  has  done  what  is  de- 
manded of  him  by  the  rider's  hand  and  legs. 

Wlien  the  horse  naturally  brings  in  his  chin  too  closely 
on  his  breast,  although  but  few  are  disposed  by  nature  to  do 
this,  it  is  not  the  less  necessary  to  practise  on  them  all  the 
flexions,  even  the  one  which  bends  down  the  neck.  In. this  po- 
sition, the  horse's  chin  comes  back  near  the  breast,  and  rests  in 
contact  with  the  lower  part  of  the  neck ;  too  high  a  croup,  joined 
to  a  permanent  contraction  of  the  muscles  that  lower  the  neck, 
is  generally  the  cause  of  it.  These  muscles  must  then  be  sup- 
pled in  order  to  destroy  their  intensity,  and  thereby  give  to  the 
muscles  which  raise  the  neck,  their  antagonists,  the  predomi- 
nance which  will  make  the  neck  rest  in  a  graceful  and  useful' 
position.  This  first  accomplished,  the  horse  will  be  accustomed 
to  go  forward  freely  at  the  pressure  of  the  legs,  and  to  respond 
without  abruptness  or  excitement,  to  the  touch  of  the  spurs ; 
the  object  of  these  last  is  to  bring  the  hind  legs  near  the  centre, 
and  to  lower  the  croup.  The  rider  will  then  endeavor  to  raise 
the  horse's  head  by  the  aid  of  the  curb-reins  ;  in  this  case,  the- 
Vol.  XL— 26 


'jnMw-''iewm«fflii»>tiiM}Sigiw''iay.^'s?ia 


ui-wiii.e4i«wWiiiMi!.-'  -' 


409 


THE  HORBB. 


hand  will  be  held  eome  distance  above  the  saddle,  and  well  out 
from  the  body  ;  the  force  it  transmits  to  the  horse  ought  to  be 
continued  until  he  yields  by  elevating  his  head.  As  horses  of 
this  kind  have  generally  little  action,  we  must  take  care  to  avoid 
letting  the  hand  produce  an  effect  from  the  front  to  the  rear,  in 
which  case  it  would  take  away  from  the  impulse  necessary  for 
movement.  The  pace,  commencing  with  the  walk,  must  be  kept 
lip  at  the  same  rate,  while  the  hand  is  producing  an  elevating  ef- 
fect upon  the  neck.  This  precept  is  applicable  to  all  the  chan- 
ges of  position  that  the  hand  makes  in  the  head  and  neck  ;  but 
is  paticularly  essential  in  the  case  of  a  horec  disposed  to  depress 
his  neck. 

It  should  be  remembered  that  the  horse  has  two  ways  of 
responding  to  the  pressure  of  the  bit ;  by  one  he  yields,  but 
withdraws  himself  from  it  at  the  same  time  by  shrinking  and 
coming  back  to  his  former  position.  This  kind  of  yielding  is 
only  injurious  to  his  education,  for  if  the  hand  he  held  too 
forcibly,  if  it  do  not  wait  till  the  horse  changes  of  his  own  accord 
the  position  of  his  head,  the  backward  movement  of  his  body 
would  precede,  and  be  accompanied  by  a  shifting  of  the  weight 
backward.  In  this  case,  the  contraction  of  his  neck  remains  all 
the  while  the  same.  The  second  kind  of  yielding,  which  contri- 
butes so  greatly  to  the  rapid  and  certain  education  of  th3  horse, 
is  effected  by  giving  a  half  or  three-quarter  tension  to  the  reins, 
sustaining  the  hand  as  forcibly  as  possible  without  bringing  it 
near  the  body.  In  a  short  time  the  force  of  the  hand,  seconded 
by  the  continued  pressure  of  the  legs,  will  make  the  horse  avoid 
this  si  gilt  but  constant  pressure  of  the  bit,  but  by  means  of  his 
head  and  neck  only.  Then  the  rider  will  only  make  use  of  the 
force  necessary  to  displace  the  head.  It  is  by,  this  means  that  he 
will  be  able  to  place  the  horse's  body  on  a  level,  and  will  obtain 
that  equilibrium,  the  perfect  talance  of  which  has  not  hitherto 
been  appreciated. 

Resuming  what  we  have  just  explained  in  the  case  of  a 
"horse  who  rests  his  chin  on  his  breast,  we  repeat  that  it  is  by 
producing  one  force  from  the  rear  to  the  front  with  the  legs, 
and  another  from  below  upward  with  the  hand,  that  we  are  soon 
enabled  to  improve  the  position  and  movements  of  the  horse. 
So  that,  whatever  may  be  his  disposition,  it  is  by  first  causing 


msMs 


iiiiM t'liiiiii I Mff niii  iririnfiirii 


OF   THE   MOUTH    AND   THE   BIT. 


403 


,  and  well  out 
80  ought  to  be 
As  horses  of 
3  care  to  avoid 
to  the  rear,  in 
)  neccBsary  for 
,  must  be  kept 
n  elevating  ef- 
0  all  the  chan- 
md  neck ;  but 
»sed  to  depress 

,8  two  ways  of 
he  yields,  but 
shrinking  and 
of  yielding  is 
d  ho  held  too 
his  own  accord 
nt  of  his  body 
;  of  the  weight 
ick  remains  all 
;,  which  contri- 
)n  of  tha  horse, 
)n  to  the  reins, 
out  bringing  it 
liand,  seconded 
the  horse  avoid 
ly  means  of  his 
lake  use  of  the 
J  means  that  he 
and  will  obtain 
las  not  hitherto 

the  case  of  a 
sat  that  it  is  by 
it  with  the  legs, 
that  we  are  soon 
ts  of  the  horse, 
by  first  causing 


the  depression  of  the  neck,  that  we  gain  a  masterly  and  peifect 
elevation  of  it. 

I  will  close  this  chapter  by  some  reflections  on  the  sup- 
posed difference  of  sensibility  in  horses'  mouths,  and  the  kind  of 
bit  which  ought  to  be  used. 

I  have  already  treated  this  subject  at  length  in  my  Com- 
prehensive Dictionary  of  Equitation ;  but  as,  in  this  work,  I 
make  a  complete  exposition  of  my  method,  I  think  it  necessary 
to  repeat  it  in  a  few  words. 

I  cannot  imagine  how  people  have  been  able  so  long  to  at- 
tribute to  the  mere  difr,,rence  of  formation  of  the  bars,  those 
contrary  dispositions  of  horses  which  render  them  so  -ght  or  so 
liard  to  the  hand.  How  can  we  believe  that,  according  as  a 
horse  has  one  or  two  lines  of  flesh,  more  or  less,  between  the  bit 
and  the  bone  of  the  lower  jaw,  he  should  yield  to  the  lightest 
impulse  of  the  hand,  or  become  unmanageable  in  spite  of  all  the 
efforts  of  two  vigorous  arms  ?  Nevertheless,  it  is  from  remain- 
ing in  this  inconceivable  error,  that  people  have  forged  bits  of 
so  strange  and  various  forms,  real  instruments  of  torture,  the 
effect  of  which  is  to  increase  the  diflSculties  they  sought  to 
remove. 

Had  they  gone  back  a  little  farther,  to  the  source  of  the  re- 
sistances, they  would  have  discovered  that  this  one,  like  all  the 
rest,  does  not  proceed  from  the  difference  of  formation  of  a  feeble 
organ  like  the  bars,  but  from  a  contraction  communicated  to  the 
different  parts  of  the  body,  and  above  all  to  the  neck,  by  some 
serious  fault  of  constitution.  It  is  then  in  vain  that  we  attach  to 
the  reins,  and  place  in  the  horse's  mouth  a  more  or  less  murder- 
ous instrument ;  he  will  remain  insensible  to  our  efforts,  so  long 
as  we  do  not  communicate  to  him  that  suppleness  which  alone 
can  enable  him  to  yield. 

In  the  first  place,  then,  I  lay  down  as  a  fact,  that  there  is 
no  difference  of  sensibility  in  the  mouths  of  horses  ;  that  all  pre- 
sent the  same  lightness,  when  in  position  with  the  nose  brought 
in,  and  the  same  resistances,  in  proportion  as  they  recede  from 
that  position.  Tliere  are  horses  hard  to  the  hand;  but  this 
hardness  proceeds  from  the  length  or  weakness  of  their  loins, 
from  a  narrow  croup,  from  short  haunches,  thin  thighs,  straight, 
hocks,  or  —a  most  important  point — from  a  croup  too  high  or 


-^«ww?':rs?a^attta«>;'''8a^'.»i!hesg''ii^'v'ia 


rsrar 


J-^^r'm'"'  -.•i'i:'':'-V":''SVW-' 


404 


THE  HORSE. 


too  low  in  proportion  to  the  withers  ;  such  are  the  true  causes 
of  resistances.  The  contraction  of  the  neck,  the  closing  of  the 
jaws,  are  only  the  effects ;  and  as  to  the  bars,  they  are  only 
there  to  show  the  ignorance  of  self-styled  equestrian  theoricians. 
By  8«i>pling  the  neck  and  the  jaw,  this  hardness  completely  dis- 
appears. Experiments,  a  hundred  times  repeated,  give  me  the 
'•ight  to  advance  this  principle  boldly  ;  perhaps  it  may,  at  lirst, 
appear  ioo  arbitrary  ;  but  it  is  none  the  less  true. 

Consequently,  I  only  allow  one  kind  of  bit,  and  this  is  the 
form  and  tlie  dimensions  I  give  it,  to  make  it  as  simple  as  it  is 
easy. 

The  arms  straight  and  six  inches  long,  measuring  from  the 
eye  of  the  bit  to  the  extremity  of  the  branch  ;  circumference  of 
the  bit  two  ii.ches  and  a  half;  port,  about  two  inches  wide  at 
the  bottom,  and  one  inch  at  the  top.  The  only  variation  to  be 
in  tlie  width  of  the  bit,  according  to  the  horse's  mouth. 

I  insist  that  such  a  bit  is  sufficient  to  render  passively  obe- 
dient all  horses  which  have  been  prepared  by  gupplings  ;  and  I 
need  not  add  that,  as  I  deny  the  utility  of  severe  bits,  I  reject 
all  means  not  coming  directly  from  t'^e  rider,  such  as  martin- 
gales, &c. 

CONTINUATION   OF  PRACTISINGS  TO  PHODUOE  BUVPLENE88. 

In  order  to  guide  the  horse,  the  rider  acts  directly  on  two 
of  his  parts ;  the  fore  parts  and  the  hind  parts.  To  effect  this  he 
employs  two  motive  powers  ;  the  legs,  which  give  the  impulse 
by  the  croup ;  and  the  hand,  which  directs  and  modifies  this  im- 
pulse by  the  head  and  neck. 

A  perfect  harmony  of  forces  ought  then  to  exist  always 
between  these  two  motive  powei*s ;  but  the  same  harmony  is 
equally  necessary  between  the  parts  of  the  animal  which  they  are 
intended  particularly  to  impress.  Our  endeavors  to  render  the 
head  and  neck  flexible,  light,  and  obedient  to  the  touth  of  the  * 
hand,  would  be  vain,  its  results  incomplete,  and  the  equilibrium 
of  the  whole  animal  imperfect,  so  long  as  the  croup  should  con- 
tinue immovable,  dull,  contracted,  and  rebellious  to  the  direct 
governing  agent. 

I  have  just  explained  the  simple  and  easy  means  of  giving 


FLEXIONS   OF  THE  0".ODP. 


40fi 


he  true  crubcb 
closing  of  the 
they  are  only 
m  theoricianH. 
ompletely  (IIb- 
1,  give  me  the 
t  may,  at  iirst, 

md  this  is  the 
simple  as  it  is 

iring  from  the 
cuniference  of 
inches  wide  at 
'ariation  to  be 
outh. 

passively  obe- 
plingb ;  and  I 
i  bits,  I  reject 
uch  as  martin- 


I'PLENESS. 

iirectly  on  two 
'o  effect  this  he 
fe  the  impulse 
odifies  this  im- 

)  exist  always 
le  harmony  is 
which  they  are 
J  to  render  the 
le  touth  of  the 
he  equilibrium 
up  should  con- 
is  to  the  direct 

leans  of  giving 


to  the  fore  parts  the  qualities  indispensable  to  their  good  man- 
agement; it  remains  to  tell  how  we  can  in  the  same  manner 
fashion  the  hind  ])art8,  in  order  to  give  complete  suppleness  to 
the  horse,  and  bring  about  a  uniform  harmony  in  the  develop- 
ment of  all  his  moving  parts.  The  resistances  of  the  neck  and 
croup  mutually  aiding  one  another,  our  labor  will  be  more 
easy,  as  we  have  already  destroyed  the  opposition  of  the 
former. 

In  order  to  teach  the  flexions  of  the  croup,  and  to  rendc  r  it 
movable,  the  rider  will  hold  the  curb-reins  in  the  left  hand,  and 
those  of  the  snaffle,  crossed,  in  the  right,  the  nails  of  the  right 
hand  held  downward  ;  he  will  first  bring  the  horse's  head  into  a 
perpendicular  position,  by  drawing  lightly  on  the  bit ;  after 
that,  if  he  desire  to  execute  the  movement  to  the  right,  he  will 
carry  the  left  leg  back  behind  the  girths  and  press  it  closely  to 
the  flanks  of  the  animal,  until  the  croup  yields  to  this  pressure. 
The  rider  will  at  the  same  time  make  the  left  snaffle-rein  feU, 
proportioning  tlie  eft'ect  of  the  rein  to  the  resistance  which  is 
opposed  to  it.  Of  these  two  forces,  thus  transmitted  by  the  left 
leg  and  *ho  rein  of  the  same  side,  the  first  is  intended  to  com- 
bat the  resistance,  and  the  second,  to  determine  the  movement. 
The  rider  should  content  himself  in  the  beginning  with  making 
the  croup  execute  one  or  two  steps  only  sideways. 

The  croup  having  acquired  more  facility  in  moving,  we 
can  continue  the  movement  so  as  to  complete  reversed  pivot 
motions  to  the  right  and  the  left.*  As  soon  as  the  haunches 
yield  to  the  pressure  of  the  leg,  the  rider,  to  cause  the  perfect 
equilibrium  of  the  horse,  will  immediately  draw  upon  the  rein 
opposite  to  this  leg.  The  motion  of  this,  slight  at  first,  will  be 
progressively  increased  until  the  head  is  inclined  to  the  side 
towards  which  the  croup  is  moving,  as  if  to  look  at  it  coming. 

To  make  this  movement  understood,  I  will  ad^l  some  ex- 
planations, the  more  important  as  they  are  applicable  to  all  the 
exercises  of  ho.  jemanship. 

The  horse,  in  all  his  movements,  cannot  preserve  a  perfect 

•  Pivot  movements  are  of  two  kinds,  when  one  of  the  fore  legs  remain  perfectly 
stationary  as  if  nailed  to  the  ground,  and  the  hind  legs  are  made  to  move  around 
them  in  a  perfect,  until  the  horse  is  standing  in  a  reverse  position,  and  vice  versa, 
when  one  of  the  hind  feet  are  stationary  and  the  fore  feet  traverse  around  them. 


406 


THE  BOB8B. 


and  constant  equilibrium,  without  a  combination  of  opposite 
forces,  nkilfully  nmnag(i(i  by  the  rider.  In  the  reversed  pivot 
motion,  for  example,  if  when  the  horse  shall  have  yielded  to  the 
pressure  of  the  leg,  we  continue  to  oppose  the  rein  on  the  samo 
side  on  which  we  give  the  pressure  of  the  leg,  it  is  evident  that 
we  shall  overshoot  the  mark,  since  wc  shall  be  employing  a 
force  which  has  become  useless.  We  must  then  establish  two 
motive  powers,  whicli  in  effect  balance  each  other,  without  in- 
terfering; this  will  be  done  by  the  tension  of  the  rein  on  the 
opposite  side  to  that  on  which  the  leg  acts  in  the  pivot  move- 
ments. So,  we  must  commence  with  the  rein  and  the  leg  of 
the  same  side ;  when  it  is  time  to  pass  to  the  second  part  of 
the  work,  we  must  employ  the  curb-rein  in  the  left  hand,  and 
finally  the  snaffle-rein  opposite  to  the  leg.  The  forces  will 
then  be  kept  in  a  diagonal  position,  and  in  consequence,  the 
equilibrium  natural,  and  the  execution  of  the  movement  easy. 
The  horse's  head  being  turned' to  the  side  to  which  the  croup  is 
moving,  adds  much  to  the  gracefulness  of  the  performance, 
and  aids  the  rider  in  regulating  the  activity  of  the  haunches, 
and  keeping  the  shouldei-s  in  position.  For  the  rest,  practice 
alone  will  teach  him  how  to  use  the  leg  and  the  rein,  in  such  a 
way  that  their  motions  will  mutually  sustain,  without  at  any 
time  counteracting  one  another. 

I  need  not  observe,  that  during  the  whole  of  this  exercise, 
as  on  all  occasions,  the  neck  should  remain  supple  and  light ; 
the  head  in  position,  perpendicular,  and  the  jaw  movable. 
"While  the  bridle  hand  keeps  them  in  this  proper  position,  the 
right  hand,  with  the  aid  of  the  snaffle,  is  combating  the  lateral 
resistances,  and  determining  the  different  inclination,  until  the 
horse  is  sufficiently  well  broken  to  obey  a  simple  pressure  of  the 
bit.  If,  when  combating  the  contraction  of  the  croup,  we  per- 
mitted the  horse  to  throw  its  stiffness  into  the  fore  parts,  our 
efforts  would  be  vain,  and  the  fruit  of  our  first  labors  lost.  On 
the  contrary,  we  shall  facilitate  the  subjection  of  the  hind  parts, 
by  preserving  the  advantages  we  have  already  acquired  over 
the  fore  parts,  and  by  preventing  those  contractions  we  have 
yet  to  combat  from  acting  in  combination. 

Tlie  leg  of  the  rider  opposite  to  that  which  determines  the 
rotation  of  the  croup,  must  not  be  kept  away  from  his  side 


KMPIXJYMKNT   OF    AN    A8BI8TANT. 


407 


I  of  opposite 
jverscd  pivot 
acldud  to  the 
1  on  the  same 
evident  that 
employing  a 
establisli  two 
r,  without  in- 
B  rein  on  the 
)  pivot  move- 
id  the  leg  of 
econd  part  of 
left  hand,  and 
e   forces  will 


sequence, 


the 


•vement  easy. 
L  the  croup  is 
performance, 
the  haunches, 
rest,  practice 
*ein,  in  such  a 
thout  at  any 

this  exercise, 
pie  and  light ; 
jaw  movable. 
r  position,  the 
ng  the  lateral 
tion,  until  the 
ressure  of  the 
jroup,  we  per- 
bre  parts,  our 
3ors  lost.  On 
he  hind  parts, 
acquired  over 
dons  we  have 

letermines  the 
from  his  side 


during  the  movement,  but  must  remain  close  to  the  horae,  and 
hold  liim  in  place,  while  giving  the  same  impulse  from  the  rear 
forward,  which  the  other  leg  communicates  from  right  to  left,  or 
from  left  to  right.  There  will  thus  be  one  force  keeping  the 
horse  in  position,  and  another  determining  ihe  rotation.  In 
order  that  the  pressure  of  the  one  leg  should  not  counteract 
that  of  the  other,  and  in  order  that  they  be  susceptible  of  being 
used  together,  the  leg  intended  to  move  the  croup  should  be 
placed  further  behind  the  girths  than  the  other,  which  must  be 
put  steady  with  a  force  equal  to  that  of  the  leg  which  deter- 
mines the  movement.  Then  the  action  of  the  legs  will  be  dis- 
tinct, the  one  bearing  from  right  to  left,  the  other  from  the  rear 
forward.  It  is  by  the  aid  of  the  latter  that  the  hand  places  and 
fixes  the  fore  legs. 

To  accelerate  these  results,  at  firet,  a  second  person  may 
be  employed,  who  will  place  himself  at  abreast  with  the  horse's 
head,  holding  the  curb-reins  in  the  right  hand,  and  on  the  side 
opposite  that  to  which  we  wish  the  croup  to  traverse.  He  will 
lay  hold  of  the  reins  at  six  inches  from  the  arms  of  the  bit,  so  as 
to  be  in  a  good  position  to  combat  the  instinctive  resistances  of 
the  animal.  The  rider  will  content  himself  with  holding  the 
snaffle-reins  lightly,  and  acting  with  his  legs  as  I  have  already 
directed.  The  second  person  is  only  useful  when  we  have  to 
deal  with  a  horse  of  intractable  disposition,  or  to  aid  the  inexpe- 
rience of  the  man  in  the  saddle ;  but  as  much  should  be  done 
without  assistance  as  possible,  in  order  that  the  piactitioner  may 
judge  for  himself  of  the  progress  of  his  horee,  seeking  all  the 
while  for  means  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  his  touch. 

Even  while  this  work  is  in  an  elementary  state,  he  will 
make  the  horse  execute  easily  all  the  figures  of  the  manrge  of 
two  pistes.  After  eight  days  of  moderate  exercise,  he  will  have 
accomplished,  without  eflFort,  a  performance  that  the  old  school 
did  not  dare  to  undertake  until  after  two  or  three  yeai's  of  study 
and  work  with  the  horse. 

When  the  rider  shall  have  accustomed  the  croup  of  the 
horse  to  yield  promptly  to  the  pressure  of  the  legs,  he  will  be 
able  to  put  it  in  motion,  or  keep  it  motionless,  according  to  hia 
pleasure,  and  he  can,  consequently,  execute  all  ordinary  pivot 
motions.    For  this  purpose  he  will  take  a  snaffle-rein  in  each 


WPPJU-W  - 


408 


THE   UORSE. 


hand,  ono  to  direct  thu  neck  and  Bliouldurs  towardn  the  side  to 
which  ho  dcHircH  to  whuti,  the  otiier  to  second  the  opposite  Icj^, 
if  it  be  not  sufficient  to  keep  the  cronp  at  rest.  At  iirst,  this 
leg  should  be  placed  as  fur  back  as  poswible,  and  not  be  used 
until  the  haunches  bear  ugaiust  it.  By  careful  and  progressive 
nianagc'uunt  the  results  will  soon  be  attained.  At  the  start,  the 
horse  should  be  allowed  to  rest  after  executing  two  or  three 
steps  well,  which  will  give  five  or  six  halts  in  the  complete  ro- 
tation of  the  shoulders  around  the  croup. 

Here  the  stationary  exorcises  cease.  I  will  now  explain 
liow  the  8up})ling  of  the  hind  parts  will  be  completed,  by  bo- 
ginning  to  combine  the  play  of  its  springs  with  those  of  the  fore 
parts. 

The  retrograde  movement,  otherwise  called  backing,  is  an 
exercise,  the  importance  of  which  has  not  been  sufficiently 
appreciated,  and  which  yet  ought  to  have  great  influence  on 
his  education.  When  practised  after  the  old  erroneous  methods, 
it  was  of  no  use,  as  the  exercises  which  ought  to  precede  it  were 
unknown.  Backing  proi)erly  differs  essentially  from  that  incor- 
rect backward  movement,  which  carries  the  horse  to  the  rear 
with  his  croup  contracted  and  his  neck  stift";  that  is,  backing 
away  from  and  avoiding  the  effect  of  the  reins.  Backing  cor- 
rectly supples  the  horse,  and  adds  grace  and  precision  to  his 
natural  motions.  The  first  of  the  conditions  upon  which  it  must 
be  obtained,  is  the  keeping  the  horse  well  in  hand,  that  is  to 
Bay,  supple,  light  in  the  mouth,  steady  on  his  legs,  and  perfectly 
balanced  in  all  his  parts.  Thus  disposed,  the  animal  will  be 
able  with  ease  to  move  and  elevate  equally  his  fore  and  hind 
legs. 

It  is  here  that  we  shall  bo  enabled  to  appreciate  the  good 
effects  and  tlie  indispensable  necessity  of  suppling  the  neck  and 
haunches.  Backing,  which  at  first  gives  considerable  pain  to 
the  horse,  will  always  induce  him  to  combat  the  motions  of  the 
ha'':^  oy  stiffening  his  neck,  and  those  of  the  legs,  by  contract- 
ing his  croup ;  these  are  the  instinctive  resistances.  If  we  can- 
not obviate  the  untoward  disposition  of  them,  how  can  we 
expect  to  obtain  that  shifting  and  reshifting  of  weight,  which 
alone  can  render  the  execution  of  this  movement  perfect  ?  If 
the  motive  impulse  which,  in  backing,  ought  to  come  from  the 


'■■  ■% 


BAOKTNO. 


409 


Ig  tho  Bido  to 
opposite  1(% 
At  iirst,  tluB 
not  be  UBcd 
i  progreijuivo 
tho  start,  tlie 
two  or  three 
coinplote  ro- 

now  explain 
>letei],  by  be- 
ige of  the  tore 

ickinpf,  18  an 
i\  sufficiently 
influence  on 
J0U8  methods, 
•ecede  it  were 
ni  that  incor- 
50  to  the  rear 
it  is,  backing 
Backing  cor- 
ccision  to  his 
which  it  must 
nd,  that  is  to 
and  perfectly 
nimal  will  be 
fore  and  hind 

siate  the  good 
the  neck  and 
jrable  pain  to 
lotions  of  the 
by  contract- 
3.  If  we  can- 
how  can  we 
weight,  which 
t  perfect?  If 
tome  from  the 


fore  parts,  should  pass  over  its  proper  limits,  tho  movomcnt 
would  bocome  painful,  iinposHihlo,  in  fact,  and  occasion  on  tho 
])art  of  the  aninuil  sudden,  violent  movements,  which  are  always 
injurious  to  his  organization. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  side  motions  of  the  croup  out  of  the 
true  line  of  action,  by  destroy ing  the  harmony  which  shoiild 
exist  between  the  relative  forces  of  fore  uiul  hind  parts,  also 
hinder  tho  proper  execution  of  the  backing.  Tho  previous 
exercise  to  which  we  have  subjected  the  crou}',  will  aid  us  in 
keeping  it  in  a  right  line  with  the  shoulders,  and  in  so  preserv- 
ing the  necessary  transfer  of  tho  forces  and  weight. 

To  commence  tho  rno/ement,  the  rider  slu)uld  first  assure 
himself  that  the  haunchcis  are  on  a  lino  with  tho  shouldei-s,  and 
the  horse  light  in  hand  ;  then  he  may  slowly  close  his  legs,  in 
order  that  the  action  which  they  cimimuiiicite  to  the  hind 
parts  of  the  horse,  may  make  iiini  lift  one  of  his  hind  legs,  and 
prevent  the  body  from  yielding,  before  the  nock  gives  to  his 
hand.  It  is  then  that  the  immediato  pressure  of  tlie  bit,  forcing 
tho  horse  to  regain  his  equilibrium  behind,  will  produce  the 
first  part  of  the  backing.  As  soon  as  the  horse  obeys,  the  rider 
will  instantly  give  tho  hand  to  reward  the  animal,  and  not  to 
force  the  play  of  his  fore  parts.  If  his  croup  be  displaced,  the 
rider  will  bring  it  back  by  means  of  iiis  leg,  and  if  necessary, 
use  for  this  purpose  the  snaffle-rein  on  that  side. 

After  haviv.g  defined  what  I  call  the  true  movement  of 
backing,  I  ought  to  explain  what  I  uiulcrstand  by  shrinking 
back  8f>  as  to  avoid  the  bit.  Tliis  movement  is  so  painful  to  the 
horse,  so  ungraceful,  and  so  much  opposed  to  the  right  develop- 
ment of  his  mechanism,  that  it  cannot  fail  to  have  struck  any 
one  who  has  occupied  himself  at  all  with  horsemanship.  "Wo 
force  a  horse  backward  in  this  way,  whenever  we  crowd  his 
forces  and  weight  too  much  upon  his  hind  parts ;  by  so  doing 
we  destroy  his  equiHbrium,  and  render  grace,  measure,  and  cor- 
rectness impossible.  Lightness,  always  lightness!  this  is  the 
basis,  the  touchstone  of  all  beaatiful  execution.  With  this,  all 
is  easy,  to  the  horse  as  well  as  to  the  rider.  That  being  the 
case,  it  is  to  be  understood  that  the  difficulty  of  horeemanship 
does  not  consist  in  the  direction  which  is  to  be  given  to  the 
horse,  but  in  the  position  which  he  must  be  made  to  assume — a 


410 


THE   UOK8E. 


position  which  iilono  can  smooth  all  obstacK^s.  Iiidoed,  if  the 
horse  exocuti",  it  ia  the  rider  who  iiiipi-lH  him  to  do  ho  ;  upon 
him,  then,  rcHtn  the  rrHpoiiHihility  of  evory  t'lilsi'  niovcnu'tit. 

It  will  MiiliCA'.  to  cxerciifso  tho  hornn  for  eight  dayfl,  for  five 
ininut*'rt  each  lewHon,  in  backing?,  to  make  him  execute  it  with 
facility.  The  rider  will  content  himnelf  the  firHt  few  timcft  with 
one  or  two  Htefm  to  the  rear,  followed  by  the  c(ind»ined  effect  of 
the  legri  and  Inuid,  increasing  in  ))>o|iortion  to  the  progress  ho 
makes,  until  he  finds  no  more  diiUculty  in  a  backward  than  in  a 
forward  movement. 

What  an  immense  step  wo  shall  then  have  gained  in  the 
education  of  our  pn|til  I  At  tlie  start,  tlu!  defective  formation  of 
the  aninud,  his  luitural  contractions,  tho  resistances  wliich  we 
encountered  every  where,  eeemed  as  if  thoy  would  defy  our 
efforts,  for  ever.  Without  doubt  those  efforts  would  have  been 
vain,  luid  we  imido  use  of  a  bad  course  of  proceeding ;  but  the 
wise  system  of  progression  which  we  have  introduced  into  our 
work,  tlie  destruction  of  the  instinctive  forces  of  tho  horse,  the 
Buppling  of  tho  parts,  tho  separate  subjection  of  all  tho  rebel- 
lious intluonces,  have  soon  placed  in  our  power  the  whole  of  his 
mechanism  to  a  degree  whiih  enables  m  to  govern  it  com- 
pletely, and  to  restore  that  pliability,  ense,  and  harmony  of  the 
parts,  wliich  thoir  bad  arrangement  threatened  always  to  pro- 
vent. 

Was  I  not  right  then,  in  saying,  that  if  it  be  not  in  my 
power  to  change  tho  defective  formation  of  a  horse,  I  can  yet 
prevent  the  conse(pience8  of  his  physical  defects,  so  as  to  render 
hii.i  as  fit  to  do  every  thing  with  grace  and  natural  ease,  as  the 
better-formed  horse  ?  In  suppling  tho  parts  of  the  animal  upon 
which  the  rider  acts  directly,  in  order  to  govern  and  guide  him, 
in  accustoming  them  to  yield  without  difficulty  or  hesitation  to' 
the  different  impressions  which  are  communicated  to  them,  I 
have  destroyed  their  stiffness,  and  restored  the  centre  of  gravity 
to  its  true  place,  namely,  to  the  middle  of  the  body.  I  have, 
besides,  settled  the  greatest  difficulty  of  horsemanship  ;  that  of 
subjecting  to  my  will,  which  is  more  necessary  than  aught  else, 
the  parts  iipon  which  the  rider  acts  directly,  in  order  to  pre- 
pare for  him  infallible  means  of  impressing  his  will  npon  the 
horse. 


MR 


mmm 


STATION  ART   EXERCIRK. 


411 


Indeed,  if  the 
to  do  HO ;  upon 
movcMiu'tit. 
It  (liiyfl,  for  five 

oxecuto  it  with 
;  few  timcft  with 
iiil)iiu'<l  ('ircct  of 

the  pro^TCBH  ho 
kwurd  thiiii  in  a 

3  gained  in  the 
ivo  formation  of 
tanc'H  which  we 
woidd  <l('fy  our 
•ouUl  liavo  boeu 
I'eding ;  but  the 
odiicod  into  our 
»f  the  horso,  the 
of  all  the  rebel- 
the  whole  of  his 
govern  it  com- 
harmony  of  the 
i  always  to  pre- 

t  be  not  in  my 
horse,  I  can  yet 
i,  so  as  to  render 
;ural  ease,  as  the 
the  animal  upon 
I  and  guide  him, 

or  hesitation  to 
;ated  to  them,  1 
centre  of  gravity 
e  body.  I  have, 
nanship ;  that  of 

than  aught  else, 
in  order  to  pre- 
is  will  upon  the 


It  is  only  by  deHtroying  the  insliiictivo  forc»'H,  und  by  sup- 
pling the  different  partrt  of  the  hor«e,  tha^  wo  cati  (^btuin  thin. 
All  the  HpringH  )f  thf  anirnalV  body  are  thuM  Hurrendored  to  the 
diwuretion  of  the  rider,  lint  tliin  lirHt  advantage  will  not  bo 
enough  to  make  him  a  complete  horseman.  Tho  cmploytnont 
of  these  forces,  surrendered  thus  to  him,  will  re«piire  both  tact 
and  skill,  which  miiHt  be  (tbtaincd  by  careful  praiMice,  and  aro 
the  Iruitt!  only  of  long  experience.  I  will  show  in  tiie  hulme- 
(pient  eha[)fers  the  rules  to  bo  observed.  I  will  conclude  this 
ono  by  a  rai)id  recapitulation  of  tho  progression  to  bo  followed 
in  the  supplings. 

Stationary  exercise  by  tho  rider  on  foot.  Fore  pirts. — 1. 
Flexions  of  the  jaw  to  the  right  and  left,  using  the  curb-bit. 

2.  Direct  flexions  of  the  jaw,  and  dejirossioii  of  tho  neck. 

3.  Lateral  flexions  of  tho  neck  with  tho  snafHe-rei  is  and  with 
the  curb. 

Stationary  exorcise  by  the  rider  on  horseback. — 1.  Lateral 
flexions  of  tho  nee'  with  the  snaftie-reins,  and  with  tho  curb- 
reins. 

2.  Direct  flexions  of  the  head,  or  placing  it  in  a  perpen- 
dicular position  with  the  snaffle,  and  with  tho  curb-reins. 

Hind  parts. — 3.  Lateral  flexions,  and  moving  the  croup 
around  the  shoulders. 

4.  Rotation  of  tho  shoulders  around  the  haunches. 

5.  Combining  the  play  of  tho  fore  and  hind  legs  of  the  horso, 
or  backing. 

1  have  placed  the  rotation  of  the  shoulders  around  the 
haunches  in  tho  nomenclature  of  stationary  exercise.  But  the 
ordinary  pivot  motions  being  rather  complicated  and  difficult 
for  tho  horse,  ho  should  not  be  completely  exercised  in  them 
until  lie  'has  acqiiired  the  measured  time  of  tho  walk,  and  of  the 
trot,  and  can  easily  execute  tho  changes  of  direction." — Bauch- 
er's  Method  of  Horsemanship. 

I  will  only  add  here  in  relation  to  trotting  and  galloping 
horses,  and  to  the  training  of  them,  that  it  has  been  well  re- 
marked, by  an  able  English  writer  on  these  topics,  that  no 
animal  wl  3n,  in  a  state  of  nature,  he  desires  to  increase  his 
apeed,  goes  at  the  top  of  any  one  pace,  but  adopts  a  moderate 


413 


THE  H0R8B. 


rate  of  that  which  is  the  next  quicker  than  the  one  at  which  he 
is  now  going,  unless  it  be  when,  in  mortal  terror  or  furious 
haste,  he  goes  at  the  fastest  rate  of  all  that  he  can  command. 

If  he  be  walking  at  a  moderate  gait,  and  desire  to  go  some- 
what LJuicJ.  or,  he  does  not  increase  his  walk  to  its  utmost,  but 
breaks  into  a  slow  trot.  The  same  again,  of  trotting,  he  increases 
that  trot  by  striking  into  a  canter,  and  from  that  into  a  gallop. 

The  utmost  speed  of  any  pace  is  far  more  distressing  to  a 
horse,  than  a  far  superior  speed,  on  the  whole,  but  an  inferior 
speed  at  a  superior  pace.  And  to  continue,  for  a  very  long 
distance,  at  the  top  of  any  one  pace,  is  the  most  fatiguing  of  all ; 
since  the  same  set  of  muscles  are  exerted  in  precisely  the  same 
mannev,  ill  the  time ;  whereas,  by  varying  the  pace,  though  at 
the  saT.iO  time,  different  muscles  are  brought  into  play  and  are 
exerted  in  a  different  way. 

If  it  be  necessary  to  trtivel  a  horse  a  certain  large  number  of 
miles  at  a  given  high  rate  of  speed,  say  ten  or  twelve  miles  an 
hour,  he  will  accomplish  it  with  twice  the  ease  if  allowed  to 
trot  and  gallop  alternately,  that  he  will,  if  compelled  to  main- 
tain either  pace,  throughout  the  whole  distance. 

This  it  is  w'lich  makes  so  long  practice  necessary  to  the  at- 
tainm;  Tit  oi  j.reat  excellence  in  trotting  horses ;  and  which 
causeij  ♦^heui,  above  all  other  horses,  constantly  to  improve  in 
speed  and  power  of  endurance,  the  longer  they  are  kept  at  it, 
until  their  >ower&  acm.  Uy  fail  through  decrepitude  and  old  age. 
This  too,  it  i?;  which  ret  ders  long  time-trotting  matches  so  ter- 
ribly exhausting  to  the  horse  and  so  unutterably  cruel,  that  every 
humane  man  and  true  lover  of  the  horse  desires  to  see  them 
abolished  by  legal  enactment. 


one  at  which  he 
:error  or  furious 
an  command, 
esire  to  go  sume- 
3  its  utmost,  but 
ting,  he  increases 
it  into  a  gallop. 
3  distressing  to  a 
),  but  an  inferior 

for  a  very  long 

fatiguing  of  all ; 
■ecisely  the  same 

pace,  though  at 
tito  play  and  are 

large  number  of 

twelve  miles  an 

se  if  allowed  to 

mpelled  to  main- 

sessary  to  the  at- 
■ses ;  and  which 
[y  to  improve,  in 
}y  are  kept  at  it, 
tude  and  old  age. 
J  matches  so  ter- 
cruel,  that  every 
sires  to  see  them 


STABLING 

AND    STABLE    ARCHITECTURE. 

There  is  probably  no  one  thing,  which  has  so  great  an  influ- 
ence on  the  well-being  of  horses,  or  the  reverse,  as  the  construc- 
tion and  arrangement  of  the  stables;  and  in  none  has  there 
been,  for  the  most  part,  until  a  recent  period,  so  much  miscon- 
ception as  to  what  is  requisite,  and  so  much  ignorance  displayed 
both  by  architects  and  horse  owners,  as  in  this  particular. 

It  being  well  known  and  admitted  that  a  horse  cannot  be  in 
the  highest  condition,  and  capable  of  doing  his  best,  without 
having  a  short,  fine,  silky  and  blooming  coat,  and  that,  if  he  be 
put  to  such  work  as  makes  him  swsat  profusely,  when  his  hair 
is  coarse,  long  and  shaggy,  he  incurs  great  risk  of  taking  serious 
cold,  beside  the  consideration  that  such  a  coat  vastly  increases 
the  labor  of  the  stablemen ;  it  has  of  course  always  been  an 
object  with  horse  proprietors,  to  produce  and  promote,  by  all 
means  in  their  power,  this  condition  of  the  skin. 

Now  to  this  end,  heat,  to  a  certain  degree,  is  indispensable; 
but  both  the  degree  and  the  proper  means  of  producing  this 
heat  have  been  dangerously  miscalculated,  and  exaggerated. 

The  entire  exclusion  of  the  outer  atmospheric  air  has  had 
the  most  baleful  results,  producing,  of  necessity,  a  corrupt  and 
fetid  state  of  that  most  vital  element  which  the  animals  are 
compelled  to  breathe,  mixed  with  the  powerful  effluvia  from 
the  pores  of  their  own  bodies,  and  the  vapors  arising  from 


414 


THE  HORSE. 


their  excrements  and  nrine,  the  latter  replete  with  pungent 
ammonia. 

In  extreme  cases,  the  consequences  ol  this  exclusion  is  blind- 
ness, and  the  almost  instantaneous  generation  of  that  deadliest  of 
equine  scourges,  the  glanders ;  which  a  few  years  since  was  so 
fatal,  in  many  of  the  Fi'ench  cavalry  stables,  that  the  loss  of 
chargers  by  it,  in  many  years,  exceeded  fifty  per  cent,  of  all  the 
horses  in  garrison,  in  certain  districts.  On  one  occasion,  on 
board  ship,  in  the  ill-fated  Quiberon  expedition,  during  the  war 
of  the  French  revolution,  the  hatches  having  been  necessarily 
closed  on  account  of  bad  weather;  this  disease  broke  out 
with  Buch  incredible  fury,  either  spontaneously  generated,  or 
what  is  more  probable — communicated  to  the  rest  from  some 
one  infected  animal,  in  which  the  undetected  symptoms  had 
been  aggravated  into  sudden  virulence  by  the  condition  of  the 
air  in  the  closely  packed  hold,  that  nearly  the  whole  number 
of  the  troop  and  artillery  horses  of  the  expeditionary  forces 
perished. 

Again,  because  at  times,  when  he  is  seeking  to  rest,  the 
horse  likes  a  darkened  chamber,  stables  liave  been  too  often 
built,  with  scarcely  any  provision  for  the  admission  of  light, 
without  which  no  stable  can  be  kept  either  clean  or  wholesome, 
much  less  cheerful. 

And  the  horse  is,  above  all  things,  a  sociable  r.nd  cheerful 
animal,  becoming  excessively  attached  to  his  comrades  of  his 
own  family,  or,  if  deprived  of  their  society,  to  any  dog,  cat, 
goat,  or  even  poultry,  which  may  chance  to  sliare  his  confine- 
ment. 

If  a  herse  be  shut  up  alone,  in  a  loose  box,  or  hut,  which 
has  a  window  or  upper  part  of  the  door  open  to  the  exterior  air, 
ht  will  be  constantly  seen  putting  out  his  head  to  seek  for 
amusement,  by  looking  at  what  is  passing  around  him. 

It  is  the  height  of  cruelty  to  exclude  the  light  from  a  poor 
animal,  which  is  thus  reduced  to  a  worse  condition  than  that  of 
the  State  prisoner  of  the  present  day ;  whose  worst  punishment, 
for  obstinate  contumacy,  consists  in  immurement  in  a  darkened 
dungeon. 

How  fatal  may  be  the  eflFects  of  si^ch  confinement  in  dark- 
ness, to  animals,  is  curiously  illustrated  by  the  story  of  the  poor 


with  pungent 

Insion  is  blind- 
hat  deadliest  of 
•s  since  was  so 
hat  the  loss  of 
cent,  of  all  the 
e  occasion,  on 
during  the  war 
len  necessarily 
[ise  broke  out 
generated,  or 
•est  from  some 
symptoms  had 
)ndition  of  the 
whole  number 
tionary  forces 

ig  to  rest,  the 
)een  too  often 
ssion  of  light, 
or  wholesome, 

!  r.nd  cheerful 
)mrade8  of  his 
>  any  dog,  cat, 
'6  his  confine- 

or  hut,  which 
le  exterior  air, 
id  to  seek  for 

him. 

ht  from  a  poor 
)n  than  that  of 
3t  punishment, 

in  a  darkened 

jment  in  dark- 
)ry  of  the  poor 


THE   EFFECT   OF   DARKNESS. 


415 


Newfoundland  and  Esquimaux  dogs,  related  by  the  excellent 
and  lamented  Kane,  which  in  consequence  of  being  confined, 
through  necessity,  in  a  dark  kennel,  during  the  half  year  of 
Arctic  winter  midnight,  became  afflicted  with  a  disease  partak- 
ing the  symptoms  of  melancholy  insanity — I  do  not  mean  hy- 
drophobia— and  pined  away,  until  they  literally  died  of  the 
effects  of  solitary  imprisonment  and  total  darkness. 

It  may  be  said,  then,  that  the  things  indispensable  to  the 
horse  in  his  stable,  are  warmth,  light,  air,  a  dry  atmosphere, 
freedom  from  all  ill  odors,  absence  of  any  currents  of  wind  fall- 
ing directly  on  his  frame  or  limbs,  and  sound,  dry,  level  stand- 
ing ground. 

If  it  were  possible,  it  would  be  advisable  that  every  horse 
should  be  in  a  loose  box,  which  should  be  contiguou;^  to  another 
box,  the  divisions  planked  closely  up  to  about  four  and  a  half  or 
five  feet  from  the  ground,  and  above  that  separating  the  occu- 
pants of  the  adjoining  chambers  only  by  stout  upright  bars,  too 
close  to  admit  of  the  head  being  passed  through,  but  sufficiently 
wide  to  permit  of  the  animals'  seeing  and  smelling  one  another, 
and,  in  their  mute  way,  conversing.  Where  space  and  expense 
not  considerations    I  strongly  advise   this   method ;    the 


are 


horses  will  keep  themselves,  in  some  degree,  in  exercise,  by 
walking  to  and  fro  ;  they  will  be  at  liberty  to  rest  and  roll,  if 
they  desire  it,  and  will  be  in  all  ways  happier,  more  comfort 
able,  and  better  to  do  in  the  world. 

Every  stable  should  have,  at  least,  one  such  box  for  sick  or 
tired  horees.  None  but  those  who  have  observed  it,  can  imagine 
how  a  horse,  after  a  severe  day's  work,  rejoices  and  luxuriates 
in  a  large  loose  box,  plentifully  provided  with  warm,  clean,  dry 
litter.  It  is  a  pleasure  to  see  one  so  situated ;  and  we  shoiild 
spare  no  pains  to  contribute  all  in  our  power  to  the  comforts  ot  • 
the  good,  honest,  faithful,  docile,  hard-working,  intelligent  and 
aflfectionate  servant,  who  ministers  so  largely  to  our  wants  and 
our  pleasures ;  and  who  only  passes,  as  being  inferior  to  the 
dog  in  sagacity,  teachableness  and  love  for  his  master,  because 
we,  for  the  most  part,  abandon  him,  except  when  we  are  on  his 
back,  or  in  the  vehicle  behind  him,  to  the  care  of  rude,  ignorant, 
and  too  often  cruel  servants  ;  because  we  limit  his  education  to 
the  learning  of  paces,  and,  at  most,  a  few  tricks  of  the  manege  • 


^t^HOmi 


416 


THE   HORSB. 


and  do  not  endeavor  to  cultivate  his  resources,  increase  his  in- 
telligence, or  conciliate  his  affections. 

I  have  owned  horeee.  in  my  younger  days,  one  in  particular, 
a  beautiful  chestnut,  thoroughbred  park  hackriey,  by  Comus  out 
of  a  Flllio  da  Puta  niax'e,  with  a  white  blaze  and  four  white 
stockings,  which  I  bougiit  of  my  friend,  Mr.  Mannere  Sutton, 
no'.v  Lord  Canterbury,  just  after  leaving  Cambridge,  which  had 
all  the  affeciion  PWi  dl  the  docile  intelligence  >f  the  cleverest 
Newfoundland  dog,  I  ev<jr  saw.  His  demonpirations  of  joy, 
when  he  saw  me  after  a  short  absence,  were  as  uproarious  as 
those  of  a  spaniel ;  he  literally  seemed  to  understand  every  word 
that  was  said  to  him ;  and,  having  been  perfectly  trained  to  the 
manege,  would  jump  into  the  air  and  yerk  out  his  heels,  kick 
with  either  hind  leg,  strike  with  c  'Mier  fore  leg,  and  do  a  dozen 
other  pretty  tricks,  at  the  word  of  command,  without  any  touch 
or  signal  of  either  heel  or  hand.  He  was  also  a  horse  of  extra- 
ordinary action,  power  and  speed,  having  once  won  me  three 
matches,  on  three  consecutive  days,  to  walk  five,  trot  fifteen, 
and  gallop  twenty  mile?,,  each  in  an  hour,  with  my  own  weight, 
which  was  then  12  stt  ne,  or  168  lbs.,  on  his  back. 

But  to  resume — the  ttable,  whether  built  of  wood  or  brick, 
must  be  warm,  dry,  light,  airy,  and  well  ventilated.  Yet  it  must 
have  the  means  of  being  darkened,  and  it  must  be  kept  as  cool 
as  possible  in  the  summer.  I  think  it  is  the  best,  if  it  can  be 
kept  as  nearly  as  possible  at  an  even  temperature  of  about  70 
degrees  of  Fahrenheit  through  the  whole  season — certainly  not 
more — for  fast  working-horses  ; — for  cart-horses,  and  beasts  of 
burthen,  no  such  temperature  is  needed. 

A  stable  must  be  perfectly  well  drained;  and  the  drains 
must  be  provided  with  valves,  opening  outward  before  the  rush 
of  descending  fluids,  so  as  to  exclude  the  air,  which,  if  it  blows 
in  upon  the  heels,  is  very  injurious ;  and  the  dunghill  should  be 
at  a  distance,  and  not  under  the  window. 

Tlie  standing  gromd  should  be  as  level  as  is  compatible  with 
a  sufficient  descent  to  carry  off  the  water ;  for  which  purpose 
an  inch  to  the  yard  is  an  ample  allowance ;  and  the  material 
should  be  such  as  will  neither  absorb  the  moisture  so  as  to  be 
continually  damp,  nor  become  saturated  with  ammonia ;  which 


fllijfiuinw 


STABLE  FLOOR  AND  WINDOWS. 


417 


increase  his  in- 

B  in  particular, 
by  Comus  Otit 
nd  four  white 
^nnere  Sntton, 
Ige,  which  had 
f  the  cleverest 
•ations  of  joy, 
i  uproarions  as 
nd  every  word 
trained  to  the 
lis  heels,  kick 
lid  do  a  dozen 
lOut  any  touch 
lorse  of  extra- 
won  me  three 
3,  trot  fifteen, 
y  own  weight, 

vood  or  hrick, 
1  Yet  it  must 
3  kept  as  cool 
t,  if  it  can  be 
e  of  about  70 
-certainly  not 
and  beasts  of 

id  the  drains 
afore  the  rush 
sh,  if  it  blows 
hill  should  be 

npatible  with 
hich  purpose 
the  material 
•e  so  as  to  be 
(lonia:  which 


will  oifend  the  air,  and  tend  to  produce  heat  in  the  feet  of  the 
animal. 

I  consider  planks,  which  are  the  ordinary  flooring  of  Amer- 
ican stables,  exceedingly  objectionable  on  this  score. 

Hard  brick,  set  edgewise  in  cement,  or  good  well  squared 
-aving  stones,  or  even  cobble  stones,  set  in  the  same  manner, 
or  flagstones  chiselled  in  deep  grooves,  so  as  to  prevent  tlie 
horse  from  slipping,  all  make  good  flooring  for  stalls  and  boxes, 
but  I  greatly  prefer  the  first. 

The  best  covering  for  drain  mouths,  which  should  be  in  the 
centre  of  loose  boxes,  with  the  floor  gently  descending  to  them 
on  all  sides,  and  at  the  foot  of  stalls,  is  a  large  flagstone,  chis- 
elled with  intersecting  grooves  at  right  angles,  an  inch  wide  by 
half  an  inch  deep,  with  perforations  at  every  point  of  intersec- 
tion. 

llie  stable  should  be,  at  least,  twelve  feet  high  in  the  dear ; 
beside  having  a  shaft,  or  dome,  ascending  through  the  loft  to  a 
cujjola,  which  should  be  provided 
with  ventilators  of  Collins'  new  pa- 
tent plan,  which  allows  the  egress 
of  the  hot  and  tainted  air  as  it  as- 
cends, but  prevents  the  ingress  of 
descending  currents  from  above. 

The  bottom  of  tlio  windows, 
which  should  be  opposite  to  each 
other,  so  as  to  admit  of  a  thorough 
draft  in  hot  weather,  should  not  bo 
less  than  eight  feet  from  the  ground, 
80  that  the  air  cannot  blow  directly 
on  the  horses.  The  sashes  may  be 
made  to  slide  from  down  upward  and  vice  versa,  in  the  thick- 
ness of  the  wall,  by  means  of  pulleyc,  and  can  be  regulated  by 
cords.  They  should  be  guarded  by  wire  nettings,  without,  to 
prevent  the  entrance  of  flies ;  and  with  shutters  or  Venetian 
blinds,  within,  to  exclude  the  light,  when  needful. 

The  doors  should  in  no  case  be  less  than  flve  feet  wide,  and 
should  open  outward  and  in  two  halves  transversely,  so  as  in 
very  hot  weather  to  leave  the  upper  part  open.    They  should 
also  be  furnished  with  summer  door-frames  of  wire  gauze. 
Vol.  n.— 27 


iHyjglHHg^^|-'; 


418 


THE  HORSE. 


Loose  boxes  should  not  be  less  than  twelve  feet  square ;  but 
the  best  size  is  fifteen  by  twelve. 

Stalls  should  not  be  less  than  eight  feet — nine  is  better— in 
depth,  by  six  in  width  ;  and  the  stable  from  wall  to  wall  shouM 
not  be  less  than  fifteen  feet  in  the  clear.  There  should  be  cup- 
boards and  shelves,  for  buckets,  currycombs,  brushes,  chamois 
leathers,  and  such  other  things  \  and  proper  places  for  securing 
pitchforks,  dung  forks,  brooms,  and  the  like.    Nothing  must  be 

left  lying  about,  nor  must  there  be 
any  dark  holes  and  comers,  for  the 
accumulation  of  dirt  and  rubbish,  and 
the  encouragement  of  lazy  and  slov- 
enly grooms. 

The  divisions  of  tlie  stalls  should 
be  of  good  sound  two-inch  oak,  if  pos- 
sible, but  if  not,  of  pine,  plank.  Thin 
stall  divisions  are  dangerous ;  as 
horses  will  at  times  kick  through 
them,  and  lame  themselves  severely; 
they  should  be  at  least  six  feet  high 
at  the  foot  post,  which  should  be  of 
solid,  stout  oak ;  and  they  may  be  a 
foot  higher  at  the  head.  Tlie  walls 
should  be  wainscoted  with  oak,  to  the 
same  height  as  the  stalls,  all  round 
loose  boxes,  and  wherever  they  occur 
in  stalls. 

The  best  mangers  and  racks  are 
enamelled  iron  ones,  made  in  quad- 
rant form  of  two  foot  radius,  placed 
in  the  opposite  comers  of  stalls  or 
boxes. 

The  manger  should  be  about  three 
feet,  and  the  bottom  of  the  rack 
about  four  feet,  from  the  ground.  The 
bars  of  the  rack  should  be  perpendi- 
cular, and  the  back  of  it  sloping  forward,  from  the  top  to  the 
bottom.  There  should  be  a  seed  drawer  under  it,  and,  if  it  be 
made  with  the  bars  loose,  so  as  to  revolve  like  pivots  in  sockets 


THE   AIB  SYSTEM. 


419 


et  square ;  but 

le  is  better — in 
to  wall  sliouM 
siioiild  be  cup- 
uslies,  chamois 
ies  for  scouring 
othing  must  be 
must  there  be 
iomers,  for  the 
id  rubbish,  and 
lazy  and  slov- 

e  stalls  should 
nch  oak,  if  pos- 
;,  plank.  Thin 
iangerous  ;  as 
kick  through 
iclves  severely; 
>t  six  feet  high 
1  should  be  of 
they  may  be  a 
ad.  The  walls 
^ith  oak,  to  the 
tails,  all  round 
ever  they  occur 

and  racks  are 
made  in  quad- 
radius,  placed 
irs  of  stalls  or 

be  about  three 
n  of  the  rack 
lie  ground.  The 
id  be  perpendi- 
the  top  to  the 
t,  and,  if  it  be 
ivots  in  sockets 


at  the  top  and  at  the  bottom,  so  much  the  better,  as  this  ar- 
rangement will  prevent  crib-biting. 

The  same  method  is  excellent  for  the  bars,  at  the  top  of  par- 
titions between  loose  boxes ;  which  bars  may  be  also  made  of 
enamelled  iron  to  great  advantage. 

Commodious  cupboards  may  be  made 
under  the  racks  and  mangers,  for  containing 
a  water  bucket  and  stable  implements,  and 
will  save  the  further  purpose  of  preventing 
the  horse,  when  rising,  after  taking  his  rest, 
from  striking  his  head  or  limbs  against  the 
under  surfaces.  Midway  between  the  rack 
and  manger,  at  the  head  of  the  stall,  must 
be  a  perpendicular  tube  or  shaft  to  contain 
the  halter  and  halter  weight,  running  over 
a  pulley  ;  and  I  will  here  add,  that  much 
the  best  and  neatest  halter  is  a  fine  steel 
chain  covered  with  leather,  like  a  dragoon 
bridle,  and  attached  to  the  ring  of  the  headstall  by  a  spring 
swivel. 

The  walls,  where  not  wainscoted,  must  be  hard-finished  and 
whitewashed.  The  floor  of  the  loft  must  be  made  of  exceeding 
close,  well-jointed  plank,  and  should  also  be  under-drawn  and 
ceiled,  as  should  also  the  sides  of  tlie  air-shaft,  or  dome,  in  order 
to  prevent  the  hay  from  being  impregnated  with  the  effluvia  o' 
the  ammonia  and  perspiration,  which  render  it  odious  to  the 
animal,  and  prejudicial  to  his  health.  There  should  on  no 
account,  for  the  same  reason,  be  traps  above  the  racks  for  throw- 
ing in  the  hay,  which  ought  invariably  to  bd  tossed  out  of  the 
upper  windows,  and  brought  into  the  stable  by  the  door,  from 
without,  or  carried  down  the  stairs  within. 

And  last,  but  most  important  of  all,  there  should  be  in  every 
stable,  in  the  thickness  of  the  head  wall  a  tube  or  air-pipe, 
either  round  or  square,  of  full  six  inches  in  diameter,  running 
from  end  to  end,  open  at  both  extremities,  to  the  fresh  external 
air,  the  apertures  being  covered  by  wire  gauze  to  prevent  the 
entrance  of  vermin. 

This  pipe  should  be  at  the  level  of  the  manger,  and  from  it, 
into  each  stall,  should  be  brought  at  regular  intervals,  not  less 


420 


THE   HORSE. 


than  six  circular  peiforatcd  passages  of  one  inch  diameter  each, 
and  into  each  loose  hox  not  less  than  twelve  of  the  same ;  but 
twice  that  number  would  be  decidedly  more  advantageous. 

These  perforations  should  bo  made  diagonally  upward,  and 
brought  into  the  stable  along  the  upper  edge  of  a  chamfered 
cornice  running  across  the  stall,  from  the  rack  to  the  manger, 
through  the  middle  of  the  perpendicular  side  of  which  the 
halter  may  be  brought  out. 

Tlie  air-pipe  in  the  wall,  with  the  chamfered  or  rounded  cor- 


nice,  is  shown  by  the  accompanying 
cut ;  it  is  also  exhibited  in  the  thick- 
ness of  the  walls  in  the  ground  plans 
of  the  different  stables  by  a  white 
internal  line. 

There  should  be  a  convenient 
harness-room,  with  glass  cases,  and 
a  grate  or  stove,  which  should  be 
accommodated  with  a  boiler  for 
heating  water  for  the  stables,  pre- 
paring mashes,  steaming  vegetables, 
and  such  like  needful  little  jobs,  as 
well  as  for  keeping  the  leather  of 
the  saddles  and  harness  from  mould- 
ing and  the  steel  work  from  rusting.  In  small  stables,  where 
to  save  space  is  an  object,  the  liarness-room  may  contain  a 
folding  bedstead,  so  that  it  can  be  used  as  a  groom's  sleeping 
apartment  also. 

Tliere  should  also  be  to  every  well  appointed  stable  a  con- 
venient feed-room,  provided  with  binns,  a  proper  size  for  which 
is  four  feet  by  two,  and  about  two  and  a  half  to  three  in  height, 
with  lids  and  hasps,  for  containing  oats,  cut  feed,  corn,  carrots, 
and  green  meat ;  and  this  room  may,  if  required,  contain  the 
stairway  to  the  hay-loft.  The  binns  ought  not  to  be  less  than 
six  or  eight  in  number,  axTanged  on  each  side  with  a  gangway 
between  them,  and  if  lined  with  zinc  or  tin,  although  it  will 
cost  a  trifle  more,  in  the  first  instance,  it  will  be  a  saving  in  the 
long  run,  by  preventing  the  waste  by  rats  and  mice,  and  the 
spoiling  of  what  is  not  devoured  by  their  nasty  excrements. 
There  should  be  a  good  glass  lantern,  in  a  stable,  hung  from 


HARNESS    BOOMS. 


421 


I'ameter  each, 

le  same ;  but 

itageons. 

upward,  aud 
a  chain fered 
tlie  manger, 

f  which   tlie 

rounded  cor- 
ccompanying 

in  tlio  tliick- 
ground  plans 
8  by  a  white 

a  convenient 
188  cases,  and 
ih   should  be 
I    boiler    for 
stables,  pre- 
»g  vegetables, 
little  jobs,  as 
ae  leather  of 
i  from  mould- 
tables,  where 
lay  contain  a 
jm's  sleeping 

stable  a  con- 
iize  for  which 
ree  in  height, 
3orn,  carrots, 
I,  contain  the 

be  less  than 
h  a  gangway 
lough  it  will 
saving  in  the 
lice,  and  the 
srements. 
!,  hung  fronj 


the  ceiling,  cajmble  of  holding  two  or  more  largo  candlcH,  or  an 
oil  lamp,  with  a  strong  reflector,  so  as  to  aiford  amj)lc  light  tor 
night  cleaning  of  late  horses ;  and  horn  or  globe-glass  hand  lan- 
terns, for  ordinary  use.  No  candle  should  ever  be  carried  into 
a  stable  uncovered,  nor  any  smoking  either  of  cigars  or  pipes 
allowed,  as  the  smell  is  not  agreeable  to  the  horses,  however 
it  may  bo  to  the  men,  and  there  is  always  danger  of  their  com- 
municating tiro  to  the  straw. 

When  the  iron  ware,  steel  bits,  stirrups,  and  such  like  imple- 
ments of  a  stable  are  likely  to  bo  lying  idle  and  out  of  use  for 
some  time,  they  may  be  preserved  from  rust  by  throwing  them 
into  a  barrel  of  lime,  which  has  been  slacked  some  time  before, 
and  let  to  die ;  but  I  do  not  recommend  the  practice,  as  it  en- 
courages laziness  and  slovenly  habits  in  grooms,  which  cannot 
be  too  strongly  reprobated  ;  and  a  harness-room  never  looks  so 
well,  or  affords  so  much  pride  and  satisfaction  to  a  good  servant 
as  when  it  ir  full  of  well-cleaned  saddles  and  harness,  and  re- 
splendent with  steel  bits,  stirrup-irons,  curb-chains,  spurs  and 
hamcs  all  bright,  shining  and  redolent  of  ellow  grease — saddle 
benches  may  bo  fastened  to  the  walls  on  high  to  save  room, 
but  when  so  situated  the  saddles  are  tor  apt  to  be  out  of  sight 
out  of  mind,  and  to  be  covered  with  layers  of  deep  dust. 

The  accompanying  cut  shows  a  neat  and  convenient  stand  or 
bench  for  saddles 
and  bridles,  to 
which  a  shelf  may 
be  added  below, 
guarded  by  edges 
like  a  tiay,  for 
containing  brush. 
es,  currycombs, 
chamois  leathers, 
Bponges,  dustera, 
and  such  little 
needful  appurte- 
nances of  the  sta- 
ble, as  cannot  be 
spared,  and  as 
ought    to   have, 


THE  nOBUL 

each  one,  its  proper  place,  in  which  it  should  be  put  away  when 
done  with,  and  found  again  when  needed. 

I  now  proceed  to  give  the  plans  of  three  stables,  with  eleva- 
tions and  estimates,  drawn  under  my  instructions,  and  the  ele- 
vations designed  with  great  good  taste  according  to  his  own 
ideas,  by  Mr.  Ranlett,  of  Nv,  y  York,  the  well  known  and  dis- 
tinguished architect. 

The  first  is  for  a  coach-house  and  stabling  for  three  or  four 
horses,  as  may  be  desired,  with  harness  room,  servants'  room,  and 
hay  loft  !•••  J  feed-rooms,  above,  designed  for  a  town  lot  of  25  feet 
front  by  44  in  depth. 

It  is  built  with  12  inch  walls  of  brick  on  the  outer  sides  and 
partition  walls  of  nine  inches.  It  is  paved  with  hard  brick, 
laid  edgewise  in  cement  on  a  foundation  of  concrete  sloping  in  all 
directions  to  the  cover'  ,s  of  the  drain  mouths,  which  are  of 
channelled  and  perforated  flagstones,  as  described. 

The  second  is  for  a  small  coimtry  stable. 

The  third  is  for  a  large  stable  tor  a  gentleman's  country  seat. 


•TABLE  PLANS. 


t  away  when 

!,  with  eleva- 

and  tl»o  ole- 

;  to  his  own 

)wn  and  dis- 


CITY  STABLE  AND  COACH  HOUSE. 


three  or  four 
its'  room,  and 
lot  of  25  feet 

iter  sides  and 
1  hard  brick, 
sloping  in  all 
which  are  of 


country  seat. 


A,  is  the  carriage 
entrance,  ten  feet  in 
width,  with  a  wooden 
platform  or  bridge- 
way  over  the  grated 
area  for  litter,  into 
which  the  drains 
empty. 

B,  is  the  coach- 
house, twenty -three 
feet  in  width,  by  fif- 
teen feet  deep,  in  the 
clear,  to  be  paved  like 
the  stables  with  a 
similar  descent  and 
perforated  flagstone, 
for  facilitating  the 
washing  of  both  car- 
riages and  horses  un- 
der cover.  The  great 
width,  twenty -three 
feet,  will  allow  an 
ample  space  for  the 
passage  of  the  horses 
to  the  gangway  0, 
leading  to  the  Btables, 
which  is  seven  feet  in 
width,  lighted  by  the 
glass  door,  guarded 
with  iron  netting,  of 
the  harness  room  E,  Ground  i>i«. 

at  the  end.    Within  the  coach  house  is  a  staircase,  0,  leading 


•^ 


424 


THK   HORSE. 


into  tlio  hay-l<tft  and  Borvaiits'  rooms,  utidor  which  can  ho  made 
n  coiivciiiciit  cloHi't  for  bi'DoiiiH,  HhovelH,  &c. 

I),  the  Htahic,  proper,  is  tW(>nty-fivo  foot  ilcop  l)y  tiFt»'t«ii  wide 
in  the  cli'ur.  Paved  as  dcHcrilu'd  aliovo.  It  is  hero  roprosoiitod 
as  divided  into  a  loose  box,  of  fifteen  foot  by  oloven  aiid  a  lialf, 
in  the  clear,  and  two  stalls  of  nine  foot  by  six,  also  in  the  clear. 
Tlio  part  round  tho  exterior  separated  l)y  dotted  lines,  shows 
tho  portion  which  is  covered  by  tho  ceiling  at  twelve  feet 
from  tho  ground  ;  the  oblong  within  the  lines  is  that  whicii  rises 
throughout  to  the  roof  and  cu[)ula  above,  allowing'  the  egress  of 
tho  heated  air.  This  part  may  be  eitlier,  simply,  transversely 
lirrod  out  and  ceiled  on  straight  lines  slanting  to  tlie  ventilator, 
or  prettily  curved  and  domed  according  to  the  taste  and  means 
of  the  proprietor.  In  either  case  side  lights  can  bo  let  in  to 
illuminate  tho  lir.y-loft.  It  must  bo  observed,  that  if  it  1)0  desired 
to  use  this  space,  always,  as  a  four-stalled  stable,  all  that  is  ne- 
cessary to  do,  is  to  take  away  the  long  division  between  tho  loose 
box  and  stalls,  and  to  divide  the  former  into  two  of  the  latter. 
If  it  bo  thought  well  to  retain  tho  box,  with  tho  power  of  cim- 
verting  it  at  pleasure  into  two  stalls,  all  that  is  needed  will  be 

to  have  a  socket  lilled 
l)y  a  movable  stone  plug 
at  tho  edge  of  the  Hag 
drain  cover,  for  tho  re- 
ception of  a  grooved 
stall  post,  which  will 
bolt  to  the  rafter  of  the 
ceiling  over  head,  whic  i 
is  80  arranged  as  to  coin- 
cide exactly  with  its 
position.  This  can  be 
fitted  with  grooved  and 
tonguod  planking,  lying 
horizontally,  having  its 
other  extremities  se- 
cured by  two  strips 
screwed  to  the  wall,  and 
kept  in  its  place  above 
4-*^rf>  I  ?  "7"  by   a   similar    grooved 


\ 


m 


Transverse  SectioD  T  T  on  Plan. 


TOWW   8TABI-E   KLEVATIOK. 


410 


li  ottti  bo  mndo 

by  fift«MMi  wide 
ro  i'i'|»ivsc'Htcd 
von  and  a  halt', 
io  ill  till)  clear, 
•d  liiH'H,  hIiows 
at  twelve  feet 
hat  wliicii  ritios 
,'  tlie  ej^reHH  of 
y,  tniiiHverHely 
tlio  ventilator, 
i8te  and  incaDS 
11  bo  let  ill  to 
if  it  he  dcBired 
all  that  iH  ne- 
tween  the  loose 
0  of  the  latter. 
j)ower  of  con- 
[leedi'd  will  be 
a  socket  ilUed 
able  stone  ping 
Ige  of  the  flag 
^er,  for  the  ro- 
of :i  grooved 
t,  which  will 
0  rafter  of  the 
'^erhead,  whic  i 
iged  as  to  coin- 
ctly  with  its 
This  can  be 
h  grooved  and 
alankiiig,  lying 
lly,  having  its 
xtreniitiea  se- 
y  two  strips 
;o  the  wall,  and 
ts  place  above 
nilar    grooved 


rider  or  cornice,  fitting  into  a  socket  in  the  stall  post  and  bolted 
to  the  wall. 

The  pu'-trt  being  prepari!"!,  when  the  Htable  is  built,  may  bo 
kept  in  the  loft,  and  could  be  eanily  put  up  or  taken  down  in 
half  an  hour.  The  extra  rack  and  manger  of  iron,  as  described 
above,  could  bo  fastened  up  without  dilHculty. 

E,  is  a  harncHH-room 
with  a  tire-pluce,  of 
nine  feet  by  soven  in 
tho  clear. 

F,  are  flagptones 
covering  tho  open- 
ings into  tho  drains, 
chonnelled  at  six 
inches  distance  with 
intersecting  grooves 
of  an  inch  wide  by 
half  an  inch  deep, 
perforated  with  inch 
lioles  at  the  angles  of 
intersection. 

G,  are  covered 
drains  with  a  fall  in 
the  directions  of  the 
arrow  heads,  leading 
into  the  area  for  lit-  Elevation. 

tor,  and  guarded  at  the  opening  by  flap  valves,  opening  out- 
ward. They  should  bo  a  foot  wide  and  nine  inches  deep,  with 
a  fall  of  two  inches  to  the  yard. 

H,  is  the  air-pipe  in  the  thickness  of  tho  wall,  for  introducing 
fresh  atmospheric  air  into  the  stalls  and  boxes. 

I,  I,  are  two  stable  windows,  the  bottom  seven  foot  from 
the  floor,  extending  to  the  ceiling,  with  wire-gauze  and  shutters 
as  described  before. 

M,  a  fire-place,  above  which  a  boiler  with  a  cock  and  safety- 
valve  for  escape  of  steam,  sliould  be  permanently  fixed. 

N,  are  the  enamelled  racks  and  mangers  described  above, 
of  which  separate  representations  are  given  on  page  388. 

0,  is  the  stair  to  the  loft 


436 


THE  HOB8B. 


P,  grated  area  to  contain  litter,  &c. 

Q,  is  the  bridgeway  over  it. 

Annexed  is  Jie  estimate,  at  -whicli  Mr.  Kanlett  considers  that 
this  stable  can  be  built  in  good  style,  with  all  the  requisite  con- 
veniences. 


160  Cubic  yds.  excavations, 

at  |0  18 

950      "     ft.  stone  work    0  18 

45  Lin.     "  stone  drain    0  60 

66,600  Bricks  in  the  walls  -    9  00 

842  Super,  ft.  paving  iu 

concrete       -       -    0  60 

3i)  Lin.  ft.  airie  coping    0  40 

80     "     "  wall        "         0  80 

1  Door  sill,  8  ft.  -    0  SO 

1  Window  sills  -        -    2  50 

6         "       lintels        -    8  50 

65  Saper.  ft.  channeU<!d 

flagging        -       -    0  75 

41  Lin.  ft.  iron  air  pipe    0  90 

6  Backs  and  mangers  21  00 

1  Plank  bridge   - 

22  Super,  ft.  iron  grating  0  60 

4810  Ft.  timber        -       -  80  00 

1440  Super,  ft.  floor         •    0  08 

920      "       "  roof,  plank 

and  tin         -       -    0  16 
25  Lin.  ft.  front  cornice    1  25 


128  80 

171  00 

27  00 

589  50 

205  20 

14  00 

24  00 

6  40 

17  50 

21  00 

48  75 

86  90 

126  00 

5  00 

18  20 

144  00 

115  20 

247  20 

81  26 

186  Super,  ft.  stall  division  0  18 
297       "      yds.  plastering  0  25 
Staircase  and  closet 
Cupola    ventilation, 
complete 
490  Super,  ft.  side  ceiling    0  06 
1  Pair  front  doors,  70  ft.   0  80 
1  Sash  door  and  grating 

1  Pair  stall  doors,  40  ft.    0  18 

2  Doors  in  second  story  10  00 
1  Window,  15  lights, 

12  X  18 
6  Windows,  12  lights, 

12  X 16  -        -  15  00 

1  Window  in  partition 
1  Mantle  of  wood 
588  Super,    ft.    of    oak 

wainscoting 
Painting — two  coats, 

including  the  roof 

and  brick  front     - 

Whole  cost       -      (2894  76 


24  48 

74  26 

20  00 

40  00 
29  40 

21  00 
15  00 

7  20 
20  00 

20  00 

90  00 
6  00 
6  00 


-    0  12      70  66 


BMALL  OOmrnST  STABLE. 


427 


it  considers  that 

B  requisite 

C<,ill- 

lirision  0  18 

24  48 

tstering  0  25 

U  25 

closet 

20  00 

lation, 

. 

40  00 

ceiling    0  06 

29  40 

3,V0ft.   0  80 

21  00 

grating 

15  00 

s,40ft.    0  18 

r  20 

d  story  10  00 

20  00 

lights, 

- 

20  00 

lights, 

-        -  15  00 

90  00 

irtition 

6  00 

>d       - 

6  00 

f    oak 

-    0  12 

70  56 

>  coats, 

le  roof 

■ont     - 

I  cost 


$2894  76 


n. 

SMALL  COUNTRY  STABLE 

FOR  PARTICULAR  LOCATION. 

The  following  plan  represents  the  ground  plan  and  elevation 
of  a  small  country  stable,  built  for  a  particular  location,  under  the 
author's  own  supervision,  and  by  his  plan.  It  is  a  long  pa- 
rallelogram on  a  side  hill,  having  a  depth  of  forty-two  feet 
by  a  width  of  fifteen  over  all.  It  is  built  of  boards  perpen- 
dicularly arranged,  grooved  and  tongued,  the  joints  covered 
with  battens,  and  tirred,  lathed,  and  hard  finished  within,  finish- 
ed in  all  respects  exactly  as  the  stable  described  in  the  first 
instance. 


Side  Elevation. 


''t  contains  in  the  side  hill,  a  vaulted  carriage  house,  with 
root  and  coal-houses  beyond  it,  built  of  field  stone,  arched  in 


428 


THB  HOBf^B. 


Ground  Flan. 

the  basement ;  and  above — the  ground  being  level  with  the 
roof  of  the  vault  on  the  upper  or  left-hand  side — we  find  A, 
the  groom's  chamber  and 
harness-room,  with  fire- 
place as  before,  fourteen 
feet  by  eight  in  the  clear, 
entered  by  a  door  in 
front,  from  a  balcony 
reached  by  an  outer  stair- 
case. 

B,  stable  divided  into 
two  loose  boxes,  arranged 
in  all  respects,  as  des- 
cribed above,  ventilated, 
aired,  lighted  and  paved, 
with  drains,  racks,  man- 
gers, &c,,  as  before,  each 
fourteen  feet  by  twelve, 
and  each,  if  desired,  divi- 
sible into  two  stalls  of 
nine  feet  by  sis.. 

0,  a  feed-room,  with 
binns  described  as  above, 
and  a  ladder  to  the  hay- 
loft. 


i 

L 

^         1            \ 

^. 


M 


SMALL  COUNTRY  STABLE. 


429 


5vel  with  the 
—we  find  A, 


D,  a  shed  entry  to  render  the  stable  warm  in  winter  and 

cool  in  summer. 

F,  the  flags  covering  the  drains  as  before. 

G,  the  drains  as  before. 
H,  II,  H,  II,  windows,  as  before,  eight  feet  from  the  ground, 

extending  to  the  ceiling,  twelve  feet  high. 
H,  air-pipe  and  as  before. 
I,     I,      windows     to 
groom's  chamber  and  feed- 
room. 

J,  J,  doors  to  ditto. 
K,  K,  doors,  perpen- 
dicularly divided,  to  the 
stable  and  both  the  boxes, 
all  opening  outwards. 

L,  L,  L,  L,  racks  and 
mangers  as  before,  all  of 
enamelled  iron. 

M,  11 '-e-place  with  boil- 
er. 

Wire-net  outside  all 
the  windows.  Sashes  slid- 
ing up  and  down  in  the 
wall,  with  inside  Venetian 
shutters. 

Box  casings,  doors, 
&c.,  two-inch  oak  plank. 
Instead  of  the  cupola  on 
the  plan,  substitute  Col- 
lins' patent  ventilators,  as 
on  page  387.  ,     „         .     ,  , 

This  is  a  perfect  little  gem  of  a  stable,  for  a  smgle  man  keep- 
ing a  groom  and  one  pair  of  horses,  and  cannot,  I  thmk,  by  any 
possibility  be  improved. 

The  ground  plan,  section,  &c.,  of  this  stable  are  drawn  for 
brick  outside  walls  and  first  story  partitions;  the  former  12 
inches  thick,  and  the  latter  9  inches.  Estimates  are  made  tor 
both  brick  and  wood ;  the  bricks  are  estimated  at  $8  per  1,000, 
laid  in  the  walls,  which  can  be  done  when  the  fii-et  cost  of  the 


End  Elevation. 


480 


THE  HORSE. 


bricks  are  but  $4  60  per  1,000.    The  basement  is  the  same, 
whether  built  of  brick  or  wood. 

Annexed  is  the  estimate  of  its  cost  in  detail. 


125  Yds.  excavation,  at    $0  18 

2790  Cubic  ft.  stone  worV    0  18 

50  Lin.  ft.  Stone  drain  - 

46,000  Bricks   laid   in   the 

walls      -       .       . 

886  Super,  ft.  paving,  in 

concrete 
21  Super,  ft.  channelled 

flagging 
20C  Super,  yds.  plaster- 
ing      -       -       . 
Window  sills  - 
Door         '<     - 
Window  lintels 
Door  " 

Lin.  ft.  air  pipe 
Racks  and  mangers  21  00 
Super,  ft.  shingle  roof  0  12 
Lin.  "  gable  cor- 
nice 
Lin.  ft.  eave  comise 
Ventilatirg  cupolas 
Super,  ft.  ventilator 
lining  ■  -  - 
Feet  timber  - 
Ventilator  brackets 
Attic  windows 
First  story  windows  21  00 
Gable  "       20  00 

Shed  " 


12 
8 
4 

2 
42 

4 

1808 

70 


442 

8286 
8 
6 
4 
2 
1 


0  60 


9  00 


0  25 

0  75 

0  25 
2  60 
4  60 
8  50 
6  00 
0  90 


0  80 

0  26 

80  00 

0  06 
0  08 
0  75 
7  00 


122  60 

502  20 

80  00 

414  00 

84  00 

15  76 

61  50 
80  00 
9  00 
14  00 
10  00 
87  80 
84  00 
156  96 

21  00 
24  00 
60  00 

26  52 
98  58 
6  00 
42  00 
84  00 
40  00 
18  00 


2  Partition  windows  -    6  00 


2  Outside  doors 
2  Inside        " 
2  Pairs  stall " 
Step  ladder 
Mantle 
746  Super,  ft.  li  floor 
682       "      "  oak  wain- 
scoting 
Painting  wood  work 
only 


-  10  00 

-  10  00 

-  7  50 


0  08 


12  00 
20  00 
20  00 
15  00 
6  00 
8  00 
69  68 


-  0  12   68  84 


60  00 


Whole  cost,  with  brick  walls  and 

partitions      ....  |2189  S3 


With  wood  outside  uprights  and  stud  par- 
titions inside,  instead  of  brick  walls  and 
partitions,  the  cost  will  be : 

1182  Ft.  timber  (added)    $35  00  $41  87 

2068    "8x4  studding  -    85  00  72  36 
2088  Super,  ft.  siding  and 

battens         •       -    0  08  167  04 

Additional  painting  70  00 


850  79 
Balance,  deducting  46,000  bricks,    1725  88 


Whole  cost 


$2076  12 


It  is  the  same, 


LABGE  OOUMTBT   STABLE.  481 


in. 

LARGE  COUNTRY  STABLE. 

The  following  plans  represent  a  far  larger  and  more  ambi- 
tious establishment ;  consisting  of  a  corps  de  logia,  or  main  body, 


3 


g 


Vol.  IL— 26 


JMM     liilllWKMI 


432 


THE   H0B8E. 


of  sixty  feet  in  the  clear  inside  length,  with  two  wings,  project- 
ing anteriorly,  measuring  internally  thirty  feet  in  the  clear,  in 
depth,  by  fifteen  in  width. 

The  right  wing  contains  a  four  stalled  stable,  D,  D,  D,  D, 
with  stalls  six  feet  by  nine,  fitted  in  all  respects  as  those  de- 
scribed in  the  other  stable  plans  already  given,  and  behind  it  a 
harness-room,  C,  with  a  fire-place  of  fifteen  feet  by  eiglit. 

The  left  wing  contains  two  loose  boxes,  B,  B,  exactly  similar 
to  those  described  heretofore,  of  fifteen  feet  each  square. 

The  stable  and  loose  boxes  are  both  entered  by  doors  open- 
ing exactly  as  previously  described  into  two  outer  gangways,  E 
and  F,  of  eight  feet  width ;  in  the  rear  of  one  of  which  is  a 
stairway  to  the  lofts ;  and  of  the  other  a  fire-place,  G,  and  boiler, 
H,  for  cooking  vegetables,  warming  water,  and  the  like. 


End  Elevation. 


In  the  centre  of  the  main  building  is  a  carriage-house,  A, 
sixteen  feet  by  fifteen  in  the  clear. 

In  the  middle  of  the  paved  court  between  the  wings,  is  a 
cesspool,  L,  covered  with  a  solid  movable  lid,  like  that  of  a  hay 


LASOB  COUNTRY  STABLE. 


48a 


wings,  project- 
n  the  clear,  in 

e,  D,  D,  D,  D, 

ts  as  those  de- 
md  behind  it  a 
>y  eiglit. 
exactly  similar 
square. 

by  doors  open- 
!r  gangways,  E 
of  which  is  a 
,  G,  and  boilei*, 
iQ  like. 


iage-honse.  A, 

he  wings,  is  a 
!  that  of  a  hay 


scale,  into  which  all  the  drains,  K,  K,  K,  from  the  gratings,  I, 
I,  I,  discharge  themselves. 

Above  the  stables  and  loose  boxes  are  lofts  for  hay  and  feed, 
through  which  rise  the  domes  or  air  passages  to  the  ventilating 
cupolas  on  the  roof. 

And  over  the  centre  building  are  servants'  rooms,  lighted 
with  dormer  windows,  and  having  a  place  for  a  clock  in  the 
centre,  if  desired. 

This  building  may  be  either  plainly  made  of  timber,  or 
erected  with  great  architectural  ornament  and  beauty,  if  de- 
sired. 

It  is  to  be  understood  that  one  description  of  the  interior 
arrangements  will  answer  for  all,  as  I  hold  that  these  are  in- 
variable ;  and,  without  desiring  to  be  vainglorious,  I  believe  that 
these  plans,  with  the  air-tubes  and  ventilating  apparatus,  are  the 
best  that  have  ever  been  designed,  while  perfectly  practical  and 
easy  of  application  to  any  situation  in  town  or  country. 

The  plates  on  pages  388  and  389,  show  the  form  of  the 
racks,  mangers,  and  closets  recommended  under  them,  for  the 
stowing  away  of  implements  and  apparatus,  which  it  is  believed 
will  be  found  both  convenient  and  of  real  utility ;  and  that  on 
page  390v  shows  the  transverse  section  of  the  air-pipe  and  per- 
forations for  leading  the  air  into  all  the  stables  above  described 
and  represented,  at  the  heads  of  the  horses  and  contiguous  to 
their  nostrils. 

I  have  bestowed  much  thought  and  time  on  the  construction, 
arrangement,  and  ventilation  of  these  plans,  which  are,  in  all 
senses,  purely  my  own ;  though  I  have  been  ably  seconded  by 
the  skill  of  ray  friend  Mr.  Kanlett,  whose  beautiful  and  artistic 
drawings  and  elevations  cannot  fail,  I  think,  to  give  general 
satisfaction. 

I  have  the  pleasure  of  knowing  that  one  or  two  stables, 
according  to  some  of  these  plans,  will  be  erected  this  summ.er, 
and  1  shall  be  more  than  amply  recompensed  if  they  meet  suffi- 
cient approbation  to  be  largely  adopted,  as  I  feel  confident,  be- 
yond a  peradventure,  that  they  will  do  much  for  the  comfort, 
health,  well-doing,  and  relief  from  suflferings  to  which  he  is  too 
often  needlessly  subjected,  of  that  excellent  friend  and  servant 
of  man,  the  good  and  noble  horse. 
Vol.  II.— 38 


&^^fe^JaMMMJW*Mm> 


434 


THX  Hoau. 


|,'H"_H'(itiii_.ww>ww 


ESTIMATE  OF  OOBT. 


485 


The  following  is  the  probable  estimate  of  cost  in  detail ; — 


79  Cubic  ydi.  ozoaTS- 

4  Outside  single  doors 

12  00 

48  00 

tioD      -        •      at  $0  15 

111  87 

8  Pairs  stall  doors 

8  00 

24  00 

1420  Ft.  stone  work 

0  15 

213  00 

9  Inside  doors     - 

8  00 

72  00 

4600  Brick*   in    cliimiioy 

4  Large  gable  windows 

9  60 

88  00 

and  cistern  - 

12  00 

65  20 

1  Large  front  dormer  - 

82  00 

682  Super,  ft.  paving  in 

4  End  lower  dormers  - 

9  00 

36  00 

concrete 

0  80 

409  20 

4    "    upper        " 

12  00 

48  00 

68  Super,    ft.    cliannel 

8  Dormer  windows     - 

8  00 

64  00 

flagging        -        - 

0  75 

51  00 

8  Circular      " 

6  00 

18  00 

80  Lin.  ft.  stone  drain  - 

0  60 

30  00 

8  Ventilating  cupolas 

40  00 

120  00 

11  Mangers  and  racks  - 

21  00 

281  00 

720  Super,  ft.  ventilator 

10,118  Ft.  timber 

SO  00 

308  89 

lining   • 

0  06 

48  20 

5840    "   studding    - 

80  00 

165  20 

12  Ventilator  brackets  - 

0  75 

9  00 

4180  Sidin?      - 

0  08 

880  40 

674  Super,  yds.  plastering 

0    " 

838  50 

8890  Super.  It.  shingle  roof 

0  12 

406  80 

140  Lin.  ft.  12  in.  base  - 

■> 

HOO 

812  Lin.  ft.  gable  cornice 

0  45 

140  40 

Painting  all  the  wood 

104    "     "  eavo       " 

0  40 

41  60 

work,  except  floors 

1920  Super,  ft.  floors 

0  08 

153  00 

and  roof 

o20  00 

Stairs 

26  00 

62  Lin.  ft.  air  pipe 

0  25 

15  60 

Whole  cost 

•  $4067  84 

S16  Super,  ft.  stoli  divi- 

With brick  walls  and 

sions     - 

0  18 

88  as 

partitions,  instoad 

1880  Super,  ft.  oak  wain- 

of wood  —  V     'e 

scoting 

0  12 

159  60 

cost 

$4648  80 

1  Fairlarge  double  doors 

25  00 

_. 

STABLE  MANAGEMENT, 

GROOMING,    FEEDING,    CONDITIONING. 

The  step  is  natural  and  immediate  from  the  dwelling  and  qnar- 
ters  of  the  horses  to  the  manner  of  lodging,  bedding,  clothing, 
feeding,  caring  for  and  conditioning  the  animals  for  which  we 
Have  provided  habitations. 

All  the  instrnctions  under  this  head  are  taken  from  one  or 
two  English  works  of  the  highest  authority  ;  Stewart's  Stable 
Economy,  Harry  Hieover's  Practical  Horsemansliip,  and  The 
Pocket  and  the  Stud,  and  the  diseases  and  medical  treatment  of 
the  animal,  from  the  latter  author,  and  from  the  Appendix,  to 
Fouatt  on  the  Horse,  with  such  modifications,  as  experience  has 
suggested  to  me  as  expedient  to  adapt  them  to  the  circumstances 
of  this  climate  and  country,  and  as  are  needed  to  correct  errors 
and  misappliances,  here,  of  not  unfrequent  occurrence. 

It  will,  perhaps,  at  first  appear  surprising  to  my  readers,  that 
I  should  have  preserved,  unaltered,  all  that  relates  to  the  feeding 
and  conditioning  of  hunters,  when,  with  few  exceptions,  no  such 
class  of  animals  exists  in  America ;  but  the  fact  is,  that  the  con- 
dition required  for  the  hunter  is  precisely  that  necessary  for  the 
fast,  high-bred,  hard-worked  trotter,  to  put  him  in  his  best  form 
for  doing  severe  work  as  to  speed  and  distance ;  and  the  method 
by  which  to  put  both  animals  into  that  condition  is  identical. 

All,  therefore,  that  needs  to  be  added,  is  this,  that  wherever 
the  hunter  is  mentioned,  the  directions  are  to  be  held  to  apply 


BTABLB  MANAGRMKKT. 


48T 


riONINO. 

Iwelling  and  qnar- 
bedding,  clothing, 
nals  for  which  we 

taken  from  one  or 
;  Stewart's  Stable 
nansliip,  and  The 
idical  treatment  of 
the  Appendix,  to 
as  experience  has 
>  the  circumstances 
d  to  correct  errors 
surrence. 

0  my  readers,  that 
lates  to  the  feeding 
fceptions,  no  such 
!t  is,  that  the  con- 
necessary  for  the 
a  in  his  best  form 
;  and  the  method 
on  is  identical, 
lis,  that  wherever 
be  held  to  apply 


to  the  fast  or  match  trotter ;  when  the  hackney  i«  named  they 
will  be  taken  as  applying  to  the  slower  horse  of  all  work. 

In  regard  to  grooms  and  stable  servants,  a  few  words  arc 
necessary. 

This  is  the  rarest  and  most  difficult  class  of  servants  to  obtain, 
in  any  country,  and  in  this  difficult  above  all  others. 

In  fact,  unless  the  horse  owner  is  himself  capable  of  direct- 
ing and  enforcing  the  performance  of  his  orders,  the  chances  of 
his  stables  being  well  regulated,  are  small,  indeed. 

The  ignorance  or  the  knowingness  of  stable  servants  are 
equally  annoying,  but  the  latter  is  probably  the  more  dangerous ; 
since  close  watching  may  prevent  slovenly  grooming,  teach  the 
right  way  of  doing  things,  and  enforce  cleanlincsfi  and  industry, 
but  when  a  self-conceited,  opinionated  blockhead  takes  to  giving 
nostrums,  in  secret,  and  playing  the  veterinary  surgeon,  there  is 
no  end  to  the  mischief  he  may  do,  and  no  easy  means  of  detect- 
ing or  arresting  it,  until  the  evil  is  done  and  irretrievable. 

Of  all  grooms,  probably,  the  American  is  the  best,  when  he 
will  condescend  to  accept  the  condition  of  a  servant ;  for  he  is 
naturally  fond  of  the  horse,  and  inclined  to  bestow  pains  on  him ; 
he  is  not  apt  to  be  lazy,  or  to  spare  his  labor ;  he  is  intelligent, 
ready,  quick  to  learn,  and  rarely  opinionated,  or  obstinate. 
However,  the  case  is  so  very  rare  of  a  native  American  being 
found  willing  to  enter  service,  that  he  may  be  considered  out  of 
the  question. 

The  Englishman,  who  has  been  brought  up  in  racing  or 
hunting  stables,  is,  if  steady,  sober  and  industrious,  an  undeni- 
able groom.  But  the  best  men  can  command  such  good  situa- 
tions and  high  wages  at  home,  that  they  rarely  emigrate. 
When  they  do,  the  fatal  cheapness  of  liquor  and  the  prevalent 
custom  of  dram-drinldng,  to  which  in  their  own  beer  and  porter- 
loving  country,  they  are  not  generally  used,  too  often  cor-upt 
them,  and  they  become  slovenly,  idle  and  worthless.  It  must 
be  added,  that  if  they  be  really  good  men,  they  are  frequently  so 
conceited,  opinionated,  and  fond  of  their  own  way,  that  they 
will  not  obey  their  employer,  unless  they  have  come  to  the  irre- 
sifltible  conclusion  that  he  knows  more  about  the  horse,  than  they 
do  themselves. 

Of  Irishmen — I  have  heard  tell  that,  in  their  own  country, 


488 


TltE   nOBSK. 


tlipy  malco  pood  grooms.  If  ho,  thoy  koop  nil  tliiit  nro  mndn  pond 
at  lioiiio.  I  never  hhw  n  miHHuhlu  oiio,  and  oonwider  tlieiii  of  nil 
nntioiiK  tlii>  least  apt  to  tlio  horHO.  They  never  poHweHs  method- 
ical hahitH — than  which  no  one  thinp  in  so  indispensable  to  a 
well-kept  stable — they  are  almost  always  slovenly,  untidy,  and 
quick,  almost  to  a  miracle,  in  concealing  faults,  shirkinp  duties, 
and  escaping  blame.  Generally  ignorant,  they  are  as  generally 
obstinately  conceited,  and  resolute  in  doing  what  they  choose  t(» 
consider  best,  in  spite  of  remonstrance  or  positive  orders.  They 
are,  moreover,  too  often  cruel,  and  almost  always  rough  and 
brutal  to  the  beasts  under  their  charge.  For  whatever  else 
I  might  take  an  Irishman,  I  would  have  him,  as  a  groom,  at  no 
price. 

Frenchmen  and  some  Germans — Hanoverians  and  Prussians, 
especially,  make  good  stable  servants,  tho'igh  they  have  not  the 
intelligent  qiuckncss  of  the  American,  or  the  natty  knowingnesa 
of  the  English  groom.  Tliey  are  patient,  industrious,  very 
methodical,  and  the  Germans,  especially,  exceedingly  fond  of 
and  attentive  to  the  beasts  in  their  charge.  One  may  do  worse 
than  have  a  French  or  Gernuin  groom. 

Tliere  is  another  class,  here,  the  negro,  who  makes  in  some 
respects,  a  good  stable  servant.  He  will  probably  not  be  free 
from  the  national  defects  of  his  race  ;  he  will,  likely  enough,  be 
lazy  if  not  closely  looked  after,  will  lie  a  good  deal,  do  some 
small  pilfering,  and,  now  and  then,  get  drunk.  But  he  habitually 
loves  the  horse,  and  is  proud  of  his  appearance  ;  and  will,  per- 
haps, work  more  faithfully  on  him  than  on  any  thing  else.  He 
is  almost  invariably  good-natured,  and  I  have  observed  that 
horses  become  more  attached  to  negroes,  than  to  any  other 
servants. 

If  G  master  is  willing  to  look  after  his  horses  a  little,  and  after 
his  man  a  good  deal,  he  may  do  many  more  unwise  things  than 
to  get  a  smart,  steady,  cleanly  and  intelligent  man  of  color  in 
his  stables. 

If  he  will  not  look  after  things  himself,  but  expects  them  to 
go  on  rightly  without  him,  he  will  soon  find  that  they  will  go 
one  way  only,  and  that  way  is  to  the  bad — ^from  whatever  coun- 
try he  may  select  his  groom,  in  the  United  States. 

The  duties  of  the  groom,  considered  in  relation  to  time, 


it^0mk_ 


mmm 


Imt,  iiro  inmlc  good 
iiHi(l«'r  tluiiii  of  all 
r  [xwHtiHH  moth(i(i- 
indiwpniiHiihlo  to  II 
t'lily,  untidy,  and 
H,  Hhirkiiii,'  dntit'H, 
r  aro  an  g<>iHM'ally 
Hit  they  cliooso  to 
ive  orders.  They 
Iways  rougli  und 
jr  wliutev((r  else 
18  a  groom,  at  uo 

ns  and  Prussians, 
hoy  have  not  the 
iitty  knowingness 
ndustrious,  very 
;eedingly  fond  of 
ne  may  do  worse 

'  makes  in  some 
ably  not  be  free 
ikely  enough,  be 
od  deal,  do  some 
But  he  habitually 
! ;  and  will,  per- 
thi ng  else.  He 
0  observed  that 
m  to  any  other 

little,  and  after 
wise  things  than 
man  of  color  in 

3xpect8  them  to 
lat  they  will  go 
whatever  coun- 

)S. 

ilation  to  time, 


BTAHIJC   IIOCRfl. 


439 


nsually  commence  at  halt'-purtt  five  or  six  In  the  morning 
Sometimes  he  must  bo  in  the  stable  much  earlier,  and  some- 
times  he  need  not  hv.  tlu-rc  before  seven.  It  dependH  upon  the 
time  the  stable  is  shut  up  at  night,  tlu!  work  there  is  to  do  in  the 
morning,  and  the  hour  at  which  the  liorw  is  wanted.  When 
the  horse  is  going  out  early  an<l  to  fast  work,  the  nuui  should  bo 
in  the  stable  an  hour  before  the  horse  goes  to  tlie  road.  Tn 
general  he  arrives  about  six  o'clock,  gives  the  horse  a  little 
water,  aiul  then  his  morning  feed  of  grain.  While  the  horse  is 
eating  his  bn^akfast,  the  man  shakes  up  the  litter,  sweeps  out 
the  stable,  and  prepares  to  dress  the  horse,  or  fake  hinj  to  exer- 
cise. In  sunnner,  the  morning  exercise  is  often  given  before 
breakfast,  the  horse  getting  water  in  the  stable,  or  out  of  doors, 
and  his  grain  upon  returning.  In  winter,  the  horse  is  dressed  in 
the  morning,  and  exercised  or  prc])arcd  for  work  in  the  fore- 
noon.  He  is  again  dressed  when  lie  comes  in  ;  at  mid-day  he  is 
fed.  The  remainder  of  the  day  is  occupied  in  much  the  same 
way,  the  horse  receiving  more  exercise  and  another  dressing; 
his  third  feed  at  four,  and  his  fourth  at  eight.  The  hours  of 
feeding  vary  according  to  the  number  of  times  the  horse  is  fed. 
Horses  for  fast  and  bard  work  should  be  fed  five  times  a-day 
during  the  hunting  season.  Tlie  most  of  saddle-horses  are  fed 
only  three.  Tlie  allowance  of  grain  for  all  working-horses 
should  be  given  in  at  least  three  portions,  and  when  the  horse 
receives  as  much  as  he  will  eat,  it  ought  to  be  given  at  five 
times.  Tlieso  should  be  distributed  at  nearly  equal  intervals. 
When  the  groom  is  not  employed  in  feeding,  dressing,  and  exer- 
cising the  hoi'se,  he  has  the  stable  to  arrange  several  times  a  day, 
harness  to  clean,  some  of  the  horses  to  trim,  and  there  are  many 
minor  duties  which  he  must  manage  at  his  leisure.  The  stable 
is  usually  shut  up  at  night  about  eight  o'clock,  when  the  hoi-se 
is  eating  his  supper. 

Dressing  before  Work. — ^To  keep  the  skin  in  good  order, 
t  e  horse  must  be  dressed  once  every  day,  besides  the  cleaning, 
Wi  ich  is  made  after  work.  This  dressing  is  usually  performed 
in  the  morning,  or  in  the  forenoon.  It  varies  in  character,  ac- 
cording to  the  state  of  the  skin  and  the  value  of  the  horse.  The 
operation  is  performed  by  means  of  the  brush,  the  currycomb, 


uo 


THE  H0B8B. 


and  tlie  wisp,  which  is  a  kind  of  duster,  made  of  straw,  hay, 
matting,  or  horse-hair. 

The  brush,  composed  of  bristles,  and  varying  in  size  to  suit 
the  strength  of  the  operator,  removes  all  the  dust  and  furfura- 
ceous  matter  lodged  at  the  roots  of  the  hair,  and  adhering  to  its 
surface.  It  also  polishes  the  hair,  and  when  properly  applied, 
the  friction  probably  exerts  a  beneficial  influence  upon  the 
skin,  conducive  to  health,  and  to  the  horse's  personsl  appear- 
ance. 

The  currycomb  is  composed  of  five  or  six  iron  combs,  each 
having  short  small  teeth ;  these  are  fixed  on  an  iron  back,  to 
which  a  handle  is  attached.  There  is  also  one  blade,  some- 
times two,  without  teeth,  to  prevent  the  combs  from  sinking  too 
deep.  The  currycomb  serves  to  raise  and  to  separate  the  hairs 
that  are  matted  together  by  perspiration  and  dust,  and  to  remove 
the  loose  mud.  Like  the  brush,  it  may  also  stimulate  the  skin, 
and  have  some  eflfect  upon  the  secretions  of  this  organ ;  but 
except  among  thick,  torpid-skinned,  long-haired  horses,  it  is  too 
harsh  for  this  purpose.  In  grooming  thoroughbred,  or  fine- 
skinned  horses,  its  principal  use  is  to  clean  the  dust  from  the 
brush,  which  is  done  by  drawing  the  one  smartly  across  the 
other.** 

Tlie  wisp  is  a  kind  of  duster.  It  removes  the  light  dust  and 
the  loose  hairs  not  taken  away  by  the  brush ;  it  polishes  the 
hair  and  makes  the  coat  lie  smooth  and  regular.  The  brush 
penetrates  between  the  hairs  and  reaches  the  skin,  but  the  wisp 
acts  altogether  on  the  surface,  cleaning  and  polishing  only  those 
hairs,  and  those  portions  of  hairs,  which  are  not  covered  by 
others.  Applied  with  some  force,  the  wisp  beats  away  loose 
dust  lodged  about  the  roots.  It  is  often  employed  to  raise  the 
temperature  of  the  skin,  and  to  dry  the  hair  when  the  horse  is 
cold  and  wet.  In  many  stables  the  currycomb  and  the  wisp 
form  the  principal,  or  the  only  instruments  of  purification. 

Valuable  horses  are  usually  dressed  in  the  stable.  The 
groom  tosses  the  litter  to  the  head  of  the  stall,  puts  \ip  the  gang- 
way bales,  turns  round  the  horse,  to  have  his  head  to  the  light, 
removes  the  breast-piece,  and  hood,  when  a  hood  is  worn ;  he 
takes  away  the  surcingle  and  folds  back  the  quarter-piece,  but 
does  not  remove  it  entirely.     It  keeps  the  dust  off  the  horse. 

•  See  Note  1,  p.  475. 


^ade  of  Btraw,  hay, 

ring  in  size  to  suit 
dust  aad  furfura- 

md  adhering  to  its 
properly  applied, 

ifluence  upon  the 
[s  persons!  appear- 

X  iron  combs,  each 
)n  an  iron  back,  to 
'  one  blade,  some- 
)s  from  sinking  too 
separate  the  hairs 
dust,  and  to  remove 
stimulate  the  skin, 
of  this  organ  ;  but 
red  horses,  it  is  too 
aughbred,  or  fine- 
the  dust  from  the 
smartly  across  the 

I  the  light  dust  and 
jh;  it  polishes  the 
igular.    The  brush 
skin,  but  the  wisp 
olishing  only  those 
re  not  covered  by 
beats  away  loose 
)loyed  to  raise  the 
when  the  horse  is 
mb  and  the  wisp 
purification, 
the  stable.    The 
puts  up  the  gang- 
head  to  the  light, 
lood  is  worn;  he 
quarter-piece,  but 
lust  off  the  horse. 


DBEBSma  THE  H0B8B. 


441 


"With  the  brush  in  his  left  hand,  and  the  cuiTycomb  in  his  right, 
he  commences  on  the  left  side  of  the  horse,  and  finishes  the 
head,  neck,  and  fore  quarter  ;  then  his  hands  change  tools,  and 
he  pel  forms  the  like  service  on  the  right  side.  Tlie  head  requires 
a  deal  of  patience  to  clean  it  properly ;  the  haire  run  in  so 
many  different  directions,  and  there  are  so  many  depressions 
and  elevations,  and  the  horse  is  often  so  unwilling  to  have  it 
dressed,  that  it  is  generally  much  neglected  by  bad  grooms. 
Tlie  dust  about  the  roots,  upon  the  inside  and  the  outside  of  the 
eare,  is  removed  by  a  few  strokes  of  the  brush,  but  the  hair  is 
polished  by  repeatedly  and  rapidly  drawing  the  hands  over  the 
whole  ear.  The  process  is  well  enough  expressed  by  the  word 
stripping.  Having  finished  the  fore  part  of  the  horse  the  groom 
returns  his  head  to  the  manger,  and  prepares  to  dress  the  body 
and  the  hind  quarters.  A  little  straw  is  thrown  under  the  hind 
feet  to  keep  them  off  the  stones  ;  the  cloths  are  drawn  off,  and 
the  horse's  head  secured.  The  cloths  are  taken  to  the  door, 
shook,  and  in  dry  weather  exposed  to  the  air,  till  the  horse  is 
dressed.  After  the  brushing  is  over,  every  part  of  the  skin 
having  been  entirely  deprived  of  duet,  and  the  hair  polished  till 
it  glistens  like  satin,  the  groom  passes  over  the  whole  with  a 
wisp,  with  which,  or  with  a  linen  rubber,  dry  or  sKghtly  damp- 
ed, he  concludes  the  most  laborious  portion  of  the  dressing. 
The  cloths  are  brought  in,  and  replaced  upon  the  horse.  His 
mane,  foretop,  and  tail,  are  combed,  brushed,  and,  if  not  hang- 
ing equally,  damped.  The  eyes,  nostrils,  muzzle,  anus,  and 
sheath,  are  wiped  with  a  damp  sponge  ;  the  feet  are  picked  out, 
and  perhaps  washed.  If  the  legs  be  white,  and  soiled  with 
urine,  they  require  washing  with  warm  water  and  soap,  after 
which  they  are  rubbed  till  dry.  When  not  washed,  the  legs  are 
polished  partly  by  the  brusii  and  the  wisp,  but  chiefly  by  the 
hands.  The  bed  and  the  stable  being  arranged,  the  horse  is 
done  up  for  the  morning. 

Is  is  not  an  easy  matter  to  dress  a  horse  in  the  best  style.  It 
is  a  laborious  operation,  requiring  a  good  deal  of  time,  and  with 
many  horses  much  patience  and  dexterity.  Ignorant  and  lazy 
grooms  never  perform  it  well.  Tliey  confine  themselves  to  the 
Burface.  They  do  more  with  the  wisp  than  with  the  brush. 
The  horse  when  thus  dressed  may  not  look  so  far  amiss,  but 


1**^^ 


^ 


442 


THE  HOBSB. 


upon  rubbing  the  fingers  into  the  skin  they  receive  a  white, 
greasy  stain,  never  communicated  when  the  horse  has  been 
thoroughly  dressed. 

All  horses,  however,  cannot  be  groomed  in  this  manner. 
From  strappers,  carters,  farm-servants,  and  many  grooms,  it 
must  not  be  expected.  Such  a  dressing  is  not  of  great  ser- 
vice, at  least  it  is  not  essential  to  the  horses  they  look  after, 
nor  is  it  practicable  if  it  were.  The  men  have  not  time  to 
bestow  it. 

The  hoi-se  may  be  dressed  in  the  stable  or  in  the  open  air. 
When  weather  permits,  that  is,  when  dry  and  not  too  cold,  it  is 
better  for  both  the  horse  and  his  groom  that  the  operation  be 
performed  out  of  doors.  When  several  dirty  horses  are  dressed 
in  the  stable  at  the  same  time,  the  air  is  quickly  loaded  with 
impurities.  Upon  looking  into  the  nostrils  of  the  hoi-se,  they 
are  found  quite  black,  covered  with  a  thick  layer  of  dust.  This 
is  bad  for  the  lungs  of  both  the  horse  and  the  man.  I  suppose 
it  is  with  the  intention  of  blowing  it  away  that  stablemen  are  in 
the  habit  of  making  a  liissing  ncise  with  the  mouth.  The  dust, 
besides  entering,  and  probably  irritating  the  nostrils,  falls  upon 
the  clean  horses,  the  harness,  and  every  thing  else.  Racers  and 
other  valuable  horses  are  almost  invariably  dressed  in  the  stable, 
and  there  they  are  safest.  Tliey  have  little  mud  about  them — 
and  from  frequent  grooming  and  constantly  being  clothed,l  ittle 
dandruff  in,  or  dust  on  their  hair — to  soil  the  stable. 

Inferior  stablemen  sometimes  dress  a  horse  very  wretchedly. 
Tliat  which  they  do  is  not  well  done,  and  it  is  not  done  in  the 
right  way.  They  are  apt  to  be  too  harsh  with  the  currycomb. 
Some  thin-skinned  horses  cannot  bear  it,  and  they  do  not  always 
require  it.  It  should  be  applied  only  when  and  where  neces- 
sary. This  instrument  loosens  the  mud,  raises  and  separates  the 
hair ;  and  when  the  hair  is  long,  the  comb  cuts  much  of  it 
away,  especially  when  used  with  considerable  force.  It  is  not 
at  all  times  proper  to  thin  a  horse's  coat  suddenly,  and,  when 
improper,  it  should  be  forbidden.  Having  raised  and  separated 
the  hair,  the  comb  should  be  laid  aside.  To  use  it  afterward  is 
to  thin  the  coat ;  and  in  general,  if  the  coat  be  too  long,  it 
ehould  be  thinned  by  degrees,  not  :>  r>:  three,  but  at  ten  or 

twelve  thinnings.    Then,  the  curr^  ^.umb  has  little  to  do  about 


THE   CURRYCOMB. 


443 


oceive  a  white, 
liorse  has  been 

in  this  manner, 
lany  grooms,  it 
ot  of  great  ser- 
they  look  after, 
ve  not  time  to 

n  the  open  air. 
lot  too  cold,  it  is 
the  operation  be 
)rse8  are  dressed 
kly  loaded  with 
the  horse,  they 
jr  of  dust.  This 
nan.  I  suppose 
stablemen  are  in 
)uth.  The  dust, 
•strils,  falls  upon 
se.  Racers  and 
sed  in  the  stable, 
d  about  them — 
ng  clothedjl  ittle 
able, 

?ery  wretchedly. 

not  done  in  the 

the  currycomb. 

ey  do  not  always 

id  where  neces- 

md  separates  the 

cuts  much  of  it 

force.     It  is  not 

lenly,  and,  when 

ed  and  separated 

e  it  afterward  is 

t  be  too  long,  it 

ee,  but  at  ten  or 

Ittle  to  do  about 


the  head,  legs,  flanks,  or  other  parts  that  are  bony,  tender,  or 
thinly  covered  with  hair.  V/'hen  used  in  these  places  it  should 
be  drawn  in  tlie  direction  of  the  haii-s,  or  obliquely  across  them, 
and  lightly  applied.  The  comb  is  often  too  sharp.  For  some 
horses  it  should  always  be  blunt.  The  horse  soon  shows  whe- 
ther or  not  it  is  painful  to  him.  If  the  operation  be  absolutely 
necessary,  and  cannot  be  performed  without  pain,  the  pain  must 
be  suiFered.  But  it  is  only  in  the  hand  of  a  rude  or  unskilful 
groom  that  the  comb  gives  any  pain.  Some  never  think  of 
what  the  horse  is  sufllering  under  their  operations.  Tliey  use 
the  comb  as  if  they  wanted  to  scrape  off  the  skin.  Tliey  do  not 
apparently  know  the  use  of  the  instrument.  "Without  any  re- 
gard to  the  horse's  struggles,  they  persist  in  scratching  and  rub- 
bing, and  rubbing  and  scratching,  when  there  is  not  the  slight- 
est ocv^asion  for  employing  the  comb.  On  a  tender  skin,  the 
comb  requires  very  little  pressure  ;  it  should  be  drawn  with  the 
hair,  or  across  it,  rather  than  against  it,  and  there  should  be  no 
rubbing.  The  pain  is  greatest  when  the  comb  is  made  to  pass 
rapidly  backward  and  forward  several  times  over  the  same  place. 
It  should  describe  a  sweeping,  not  a  rubbing  motion. 

For  some  tender  horees  even  the  brush  is  too  hard.  In  the 
flank,  the  groin,  on  the  inside  of  the  thigh,  there  can  be  little 
dust  to  remove  which  a  soft  wisp  will  not  take  away,  and  it  is 
needless  to  persist  in  brushing  these  and  similar  places  when  the 
hors'i  offers  much  resistance.  In  using  it  about  the  head  or  legs, 
care  must  be  taken  not  to  strike  the  horse  with  the  bae'  of  the 
brush.  These  bony  parts  are  easily  hurt,  and  after  r-peated 
blows  .ne  horse  becomes  suspicious  and  troublesome.  For  thin- 
skinned,  irritable,  horses  the  brush  should  be  soft,  or  somewhat 
worn. 

Where  the  currycomb  is  used  too  much,  the  brush  is  used 
too  little.  The  expertness  of  a  groom  may  be  known  by  the 
manner  in  which  he  applies  the  brush.  An  experienced  ope- 
rator will  do  as  much  with  a  wisp  of  straw  as  a  half-made  groom 
will  do  with  the  brush.  He  merely  cleans,  or  at  the  very  most 
polishes  the  surface,  and  nothing  but  the  surface.  Ihe  brush 
should  penetrate  the  hair  and  clean  the  skin,  and  to  do  this 
it  must  be  applied  with  some  vigor,  and  pass  repeatedly  over 
the  same  place.    It  is  oftenest  drawn  along  the  hair,  but  some- 


444 


THB  BOBaS. 


times  a  cross  and  against  it.  To  sink  deeply,  it  must  fall  flatly 
and  with  some  force,  and  be  drawn  with  considerable  pressure. 

"Wlien  the  horse  is  changing  his  coat,  both  the  brush  and  the 
currycomb  should  be  used  as  little  and  lightly  as  possible.  A 
damp  wisp  will  keep  him  tolerably  decent  till  the  new  coat  be 
fairly  on,  and  it  will  not  remove  the  old  one  too  fast. 

The  ears  and  the  legs  are  the  parts  most  neglected  by  un- 
trained grooms.  They  should  be  often  inspected,  and  his  atten- 
tion directed  to  them.  White  legs  need  to  be  often  washed  with 
soap  and  water — and  hand-rubbed — and  all  logs  that  have  little 
hair  about  them  require  a  good  deal  of  hand-rubbing.  White 
horses  are  the  most  difficult  to  keep,  and  in  the  hands  of  a  bad 
groom  they  are  always  yellow  about  the  hips  and  hocks.  The 
dung  and  urine  are  allowed  so  often  to  dry  on  the  hair  thnt  at 
last  it  is  dyed,  and  the  other  parts  are  permitted  to  assvine  a 
dingy,  smoky  hue,  like  unbleached  linen. 

Dkessino  vicious  Horses. — A  few  horses  have  an  aversion  to 
the  operations  of  the  groom  from  the  earliest  period  of  theii 
domestication.  In  spite  of  the  best  care  and  management,  they 
continue  to  resist  grooming  with  all  the  art  and  force  they  can 
exert.  This  is  particularly  the  case  with  stallions,  and  many 
thoroughbred  horses  not  doing  much  work.  But  a  great  many 
horses  are  rendered  vicious  to  clean  by  the  awkwardness,  timid- 
ity, or  folly  of  the  keepe".  A  u  awkward  man  gives  the  horse 
more  pain  than  ought  to  tti.nd  the  operation;  a  timid  man 
allows  the  horse  to  master  ^;-'^  ;  and  a  mischievous  fellow  is 
always  learning  him  tricks,  teaching  him  to  bite,  or  to  strike  in 
play,  which  easily  passes  into  malice. 

Biting  may  be  prevented  by  putting  on  a  muzzle,  or  by 
tying  the  head  to  the  rack,  or  to  the  ring  outside  of  the  stable. 
When  reversed  in  the  stall,  the  head  may  be  secured  bv  the 
pillar-reins.  A  muzzle  often  deters  a  horse  from  attempting  to 
bite,  but  some  will  strike  a  man  to  the  ground  though  they  can- 
not seize  him.  These  must  be  tied  up.  Many  harness-horses 
are  perfectly  quiet  while  they  are  bridled,  and  it  is  sufficient  to 
let  the  bridle  remain  on,  or  to  put  it  on,  till  they  be  dressed. 
Others  again  are  quite  safe  when  blindfolded.  Kicking  horses 
are  more  dangerous  than  biters.  A  great  many  strike  out,  and 
are  apt  to  injure  an  awkward  groom ;  yet  they  are  not  so  bad 


■■  I'-aiiaiiiBiaw^TiiteiiriWfiiiyiHasHiiiaitMia^^^ 


TO  DBE88  A   VI0I0U8  HOEflB. 


445 


must  fall  flatly 
Table  pressure, 
brush  and  the 
as  possible.  A 
[he  new  coat  be 
fast. 

!glected  by  un- 
,  and  his  atten- 
ten  washed  with 
that  have  little 
ibbing.  White 
hands  of  a  bad 
nd  hocks.  The 
the  hair  thpt  at 
ed  to  ass;  me  a 

3  an  avereion  to 
period  of  their 
nagemont,  they 
1  force  tliey  can 
ions,  aud  .many 
Jfcagreat  many 
i^ardnesb,  timid- 
gives  the  horse 
;  a  timid  man 
3V0US  fellow  is 
or  to  strike  in 

muzzle,  or  by 
3  of  the  stable, 
lecured  by  the 
attempting  to 
)ugh  they  can- 
harness-horses 
is  sufficient  to 
3.7  be  dressed. 
Peking  horses 
strike  out,  and 
«'e  not  80  bad 


but  an  expert  fellow  may  manage  them,  without  using  any  re- 
straint. A  switch  held  always  in  the  hand,  in  view  of  the 
horse,  and  lightly  applied,  or  threatened  when  he  attempts  to 
strike,  will  render  others  comparatively  docile,  A  few  permit 
their  hind  quarters  to  be  cleaned  while  their  clothes  are  on. 
Some  there  are,  however,  that  cannot  be  managed  so  easily. 
They  strike  out,  those  especially  that  lead  idle  lives,  so  quickly 
and  80  maliciously,  that  the  groom  is  in  great  danger,  and  can- 
not get  his  work  properly  performed.  There  are  two  remedies 
— die  arm-strap  and  the  twitch.  Whce  another  man  cannot  be 
spared  to  assist,  one  of  the  fore  legs  is  tied  up ;  the  knee  is  bent 
till  the  foot  almost  touches  the  elbow,  and  a  broad  buckling- 
strap  is  applied  over  the  forearm  and  the  pastern.  The  horse 
then  stands  upon  three  legs,  and  the  groom  is  in  no  danger  of  a 
kick.  Until  the  horse  is  accustomed  to  stand  in  this  way,  he  is 
apt  to  throw  himself  down  ;  for  the  first  two  or  three  times  the 
leg  should  be  held  up  by  a  man,  rather  than  tied  with  a  strap. 
The  horse  should  stand  on  a  thick  bed  of  litter,  so  that  he  may 
not  be  injured  should  he  fall.  In  course  of  time  he  may  per- 
haps become  quieter,  and  the  arm-strap  may  be  thrown  aside. 
It  should  not  be  applied  always  to  the  same  leg,  for  it  produces 
a  tendency  to  knuckling  over  the  pastern,  which,  in  a  great 
measure,  is  avoided  by  tying  up  each  leg  alternately,  the  right 
to-day,  the  left  to-morrow.  Even  the  arm-strap  will  not  prevent 
some  horses  from  kicking ;  some  can  stand  on  two  legs,  and 
some  will  throw  themselves  down.  The  man  must  just  coax  the 
horse,  and  get  over  the  operation  with  as  little  irritation  as  pos- 
eible.  Upon  extraordinary  occasions  the  twitch  may  be  em- 
ployed, but  it  must  not  be  applied  every  day,  otherwise  the  lip 
upon  which  it  is  placed  becomes  inflamed,  or  j  Isied.  When 
restraint  must  be  resorted  to,  the  man  should  bo  doubly  active 
in  getting  through  his  work,  that  the  horse  may  not  be  kept  for 
a  needless  length  of  time  in  pain.  He  may,  in  some  caser,  give 
the  horse  a  very  complete  dressing  when  he  is  fatigued,  and  not 
disposed  to  offer  much  resistance. 

Irritable,  high-bred  horses,  often  cut  and  bruise  their  legs 
when  under  the  grooming  operations.  They  should  have  boots, 
similar  to  those  used  against  speedy  cutting. 

U-rrxmr  of  deessing. — ^It  improves  the  horse's  appearance ;  iu 


,-a 


446 


THE  HOBSB. 


renders  the  coat  short,  fine,  glossy,  and  smooth.  The  coat  of  a 
horse  in  blooming  condition  is  always  a  little  oily.  Tlie  hair 
rejects  water.  The  anointing  matter  which  confers  this  property 
is  secreted  by  the  skin,  and  the  secretion  seems  to  be  much 
influenced  by  good  grooming.  Slow-working  horses  often  have 
flkins  which  a  fox-hunter  would  admire,  although  they  may  be 
receiving  very  little  care  from  the  groom.  But  the  food  of  these 
horses  has  a  good  deal  to  do  with  the  skin,  and  their  work  is 
not  of  that  kind  which  impairs  the  beauty  of  a  fine  glossy  coat. 
They  drink  much  water,  and  they  get  warm  boiled  food  every 
night.  They  do  not  often  perspire  a  great  deal,  but  they  always 
perspire  a  little.  Fast-working  horses  have  hard  food,  a  limited 
allo'^ance  of  water ;  and  every  day,  or  every  other  day,  they 
are  drenched  in  perspiration,  which  forbids  constant  perspira- 
tion, and  which  carries  off,  or  washes  away  the  oily  matter. 
Hence,  unless  a  horse  that  is  often  and  severely  heated,  be  well 
groomed,  have  his  skin  stimulated,  and  his  hair  polished  by  the 
brusli,  he  will  never  look  well.  His  coat  has  a  dead,  dim  ap- 
pearance, a  dry,  soft  feel.  To  the  hand  the  hair  feels  like  a 
coarse,  dead  fur;  the  most  autiful  coat  often  assumes  this 
sn'.te  in  one  or  two  days.  Some  liorses  always  look  ill,  and  no 
grooming  will  make  them  look  well ;  but  all  may  be  improved, 
or  rendered  tolerably  decent,  except  at  moulting  time.  Dress- 
ing is  not  the  only  means  b/  which  the  coat  is  beautified. 
There  ar(j  othei-  nrocesses,  of  which  I  shall  speak  presently. 

i\ai«Tig  stablemen,  dressing  is  performed  only  for  the  sake  ot 
the  liorse's  personal  appearance.  They  are  not  aware  that  it  has 
any  influence  upon  health,  and  therefore  they  generally  neglect 
the  skin  of  a  hArse  that  is  not  at  work.  In  the  open  fields,  the 
skin  is  not  loaded  with  the  dust  and  perepiration  which  it  con- 
tracts in  the  stable,  or  loose  box  ;  and  all  the  cleaning  it  obtains, 
or  Bccds,  is  performed  by  the  rain,  and  by  the  friction  it  receives 
when  il  .^  horse  rolls  upon  the  ground,  or  rubs  himself  against  a 
ti-'^d.  iio.  comes  home  with  a  very  ugly  and  a  very  dirty  coat, 
but  tlie  skill  is  cleaner  than  if  the  horse  had  been  all  the  time  in 
a  «^tab' ;.. 

Want  of  dressing,  whether  it  affect  the  general  health  or 
not,  produces  lice  and  mange.  Mange  may  arise  from  causea 
independent  of  a  neglected  skin,  but  it  very  rai-ely  visits  a  well 


«H 


iTfiiUMIiMi 


mmmmtmr- 


TO   PKEVEin'  YEBMIKr. 


447 


The  coat  of  a 
oily.    Tlie  hair 
rs  this  property 
18  to  be  much 
rses  often  liave 
they  may  be 
lie  food  of  these 
i  their  work  is 
iiie  glossy  coat, 
iled  food  every 
)ut  they  always 
food,  a  limited 
>ther  day,  they 
istant  perspira- 
le  oily  matter, 
heated,  be  well 
)oli8hed  by  the 
dead,  dim  ap- 
air  feels  like  a 
II  assumes  this 
look  ill,  and  no 
y  be  improved, 
5  time.     Dress- 
is  beautified, 
presently, 
for  the  sake  ot 
rare  that  it  has 
lerally  neglect 
pen  fields,  the 
which  it  con- 
ling  it  obtains, 
tioii  it  receives 
aself  against  a 
sry  dirty  coat, 
all  the  time  in 

eral  health  or 
)  from  causes 
'  visits  a  well 


groomed  horse.  Bad  food  or  starvation  has  something  to  do  in 
the  production  of  lice;  but  the  want  of  dressing  has  quite  as 
much,  or  more.  It  is  the  business  of  the  stableman  to  prevent 
mange,  so  far  as  prevention  is  possible.  Its' treatment  belongs 
to  the  veterinarian,  and  need  not  be  here  described.  But  it  is 
the  groom's  duty  both  to  prevent  and  cure  lousiness. 

Lice  may  accumulate  in  great  numbers  before  thoy  are  dis- 
covered. Sometimes  they  are  diffused  all  over  the  skin ;  at 
other  times  they  are  confined  to  the  mane,  the  tail,  and  parts 
adjacent.  The  horse  is  frequently  rubbing  himself,  and  often 
the  hair  falls  out  in  large  patches.  There  are  many  lotions, 
powders,  and  ointments,  for  destroying  lice.  Mercurial  oint- 
ments, lotions  of  corrosive  sublimate  and  decoctions  of  tobacco, 
are  so  dangerous  that  they  never  should  be  nsed.  Refuse 
oil  or  lard,  rubbed  on  a  lousy  beast  of  any  kind,  immediately 
destroys  the  vermin,  and  there  is  no  danger  to  be  apprehended 
from  this  application.  It  merely  occasions  the  hair  being  shed 
earlier  in  the  spring,  and  requires  a  little  extra  attention  in 
housing  such  animals  as  have  been  affected.  Vinegar,  mixed 
with  three  times  its  bulk  of  water,  is  also  a  good  application,  aiid 
not  dangerous.  It  is  more  irritating,  but  the  irritation  soon  sub 
sides  and  does  not  sicken  the  horse  ;  tobacco  often  will.  Next 
day  the  ekin  should  be  examined,  and  wherever  there  is  any 
sign  of  living  vermin,  another  application  should  be  made. 
Two  days  afterwards  the  horse  should  be  washed  with  soapy 
water,  warm,  and  applied  with  a  brush  that  will  reach  the  skin 
without  irritating  it. 

In  many  cases,  none  of  these  remedies  are  necessary.  It  is 
sufficient  to  wash  the  horse  all  over  with  soapy  water.  Black 
soap  is  better  than  any  other.  It  need  not,  and  should  not  be 
rubbed  upon  the  skin.  It  may  be  beat  into  the  water  till  it 
forms  a  strong  lather,  and  that  should  be  applied  with  a  brush 
and  washed  off  with  clean  warm  water.  Care  must  be  taken 
that  the  horse  do  not  catch  cold.  He  should  bu  thoroughly 
washed,  but  dried  as  quickly  as  possible,  and  get  a  walk  after- 
ward if  the  weather  be  favorable. 

The  cloths  should  be  dipped  into  boiling  water,  and  the 
inside  of  the  saddle  wet  with  the  sublimate  lotion.  The  litter 
should  all  be  turned  out,  and  burned,  or  buried  where  swine, 


e 


448 


THE  H0B8E. 


dogs,  or  poultry,  will  not  got  among  it.  If  it  cannot  be  easily 
removod  without  scattering  it  across  the  stable  or  yard,  a  solu- 
tion of  quicklime  may  be  dashed  over  it,  before  it  is  taken  from 
the  stall. 

Dkkssinq  AFfER  WoBK.— Tliis  Operation  varies  according  to 
many  circumstances ;  it  is  influenced  by  the  kind  of  horse,  the 
state  and  time  in  which  he  arrives  at  the  stable.  Slow-working 
horses  merely  require  to  be  dried  and  cleaned ;  those  of  fast 
work  may  require  something  more,  and  those  which  arrive  at  a 
late  hour  ai-e  not  usually  dressed,  as  they  would  be  by  coming 
home  earlier.  The  principal  objects  in  dressing  a  horse  after 
work  are  to  get  him  dry,  cool,  and  clean.  It  is  only,  however, 
in  stables  tolerably  well  regulated,  that  these  three  objects  are 
aimed  at  or  attainable.  Carters,  and  other  inferior  stablemen, 
endeavor  to  remove  the  mud  which  adheres  to  the  belly,  the 
feet,  and  the  legs,  and  they  are  not  often  very  particular  as  to 
the  manner  in  which  this  is  done.  If  a  pond  or  river  be  at 
hand,  or  on  the  road  home,  the  horse  is  driven  through  it,  and 
his  keeper  considers  that  the  best,  which  I  suppose  means  the 
easiest,  way  of  cleaning  him.  Others,  having  no  such  conve- 
nience, are  content  to  throw  two  or  three  buckets  of  water  over 
the  legs.  Their  only  way  of  drying  the  horse  is  by  sponging 
the  legs,  and  wisping  the  body,  and  this  is  generally  done  as  if 
it  were  a  matter  of  form  more  than  of  utility.  Tliere  are  some 
lazy  fellows  who  give  themselves  no  concern  about  dressing  the 
horse.  They  put  him  in  the  stable,  wet  and  dJrty  as  he  comes 
off  the  road ;  and  after  lie  is  dry,  perhaps  he  gets  a  scratch 
with  the  currycomb,  and  a  rub  with  the  straw  wisp.  Fast- 
working  horses  require  very  different  treatment.  The  rate  at 
which  they  travel  rendere  them  particularly  liable  to  all  those 
diseases  arising  from  or  connected  with  changes  of  temperature. 
In  winter,  the  horse  comes  off  the  road,  heated,  wet,  and  be- 
spattered with  mud;  in  summer,  he  is  hotter,  drenched  in 
perspiration,  or  half  dry,  his  coat  matted,  and  sticking  close  to  the 
skin.  Sometimes  he  is  quite  oool,  but  wet,  and  clothed  in  mud. 
The  ti'eatmeut  he  receives  cannot  be  always  the  same.  In  sum- 
mer, after  easy  work,  his  feet  and  legs  may  be  washed  and  dried, 
and  his  body  dressed  in  nearly  the  same  manner  that  it  is  dress- 
ed before  work.    The  wisp  dries  the  places  that  are  moist  with 


BCBAI'INO,  AND   WALKING    ABOUT. 


449 


cannot  be  easBy 
e  or  yard,  a  boIu- 
re  it  is  taken  from 

iries  according  to 
and  of  horse,  the 
a.  Slow-working 
ed  ;  those  of  fast 
wliich  arrive  at  a 
lid  be  by  coining 
ing  a  horse  after 
is  only,  however, 
three  objects  are 
iferior  stablemen, 
to  the  belly,  the 
Y  particnlar  as  to 
id  or  river  be  at 
1  through  it,  and 
ippose  means  the 
5  no  such  conve- 
ets  of  water  over 
e  is  by  sponging 
Qerally  done  as  if 
There  are  some 
bout  dressing  the 
Jjrty  as  he  comes 
e  gets  a  scratch 
■aw  wisp.  Fast- 
mt.  The  rate  at 
able  to  all  those 
8  of  temperature, 
ted,  wet,  and  be- 
ter,  drenched  in 
eking  close  to  the 
I  clothed  in  mxid. 
e  same.  In  sum- 
pashed  and  dried, 
3r  that  it  is  dress- 
it  are  moist  with 


perspiration,  the  currycomb  removes  the  mud,  and  the  brush 
polishes  the  hair,  lays  it,  and  takes  uway  the  dust.  Tlie  dressing 
in  such  a  case  is  simple,  and  soon  over,  but  it  is  all  the  horso 
recpiires.  When  drenched  in  rain  or  perspiration,  he  must  bo 
dried  by  mearts  of  the  scraper,  the  wisp,  and  evaporation ;  when 
heated,  he  must  be  walked  about  till  cool,  and  sometimes  he 
may  be  bathed,  that  he  may  be  both  cooled  and  cleaned. 

Scraping.— Tlie  scraper  is  sometimes  termed  a  sweat-knife. 
In  some  stables  it  is  just  a  piece  of  hoop  iron,  about  twenty 
inches  long,  by  one  and  a  half  broad  ;  in  the  racing  and  hunt- 
ing stables  it  is  nuide  of  wood,  sharp  only  on  one  edge,  and  hav- 
ing the  back  thick  and  strong.     When  properly  handled,  it  is  a 
very  useful  instrument.     The  groom,  taking  an  extremity  in 
each  hand,  passes  over  the  neck,  back,  belly,  quarters,  sides, 
every  place  where  it  can  operate ;  and  with  a  gentle  and  steady 
pressure,  he  removes  the  wet  mud,  the  rain,  and  the  perspira- 
tion.     Fresh  horses  do  not  understand  this,  and  are  apt  to  resist 
it.     A  little  more  than  the  usual  care  and  gentleness  at  the  lii-st 
two  or   three   dressings,   render   them  familiar  with  it.     The 
pressure  applied  must  vary  at  different  parts  of  the  body,  being 
lightest  where  the  coat  and  the  skin  are  thinnest.     The  scraper 
must  pass  over  the  same  places  several  times,  especially  the  belly, 
to  which  the  water  gravitates  from  the  back  and  sides.     It  has 
little  or  nothing  to  do  about  the  legs ;  these  parts  are  easily 
dried  by  a  large  sponge,  and  are  apt  to   be  injured  by  the 
scraper.     This  operation  finished,   the  horse,  if  hot,  must  be 
walked  about  a  little,  and  if  cool,  he  must  be  dried. 

Walking  a  heated  Horse.— Every  body  knows  that  a  horse 
ought  not  to  be  stabled  when  perepiring  very  copicasly  after 
severe  exertion  ;  he  must  not  stand  still.  It  is  known  that  he  is 
likely  to  catch  cold,  or  to  take  inflamed  lungs,  or  to  founder. 
By  keeping  him  in  gentle  motion  till  cool,  these  evils  are  pre- 
vented. This  is  all  that  stablemen  can  say  about  it,  and  perhaps 
little  more  can  be  said  with  certainty.  We  must  go  a  little 
deeper  than  the  skin,  and  consider  the  state  of  the  internal 
organs  at  the  moment  the  horse  has  finished  a  seveTe  task.  The 
action  of  the  heart,  the  blood-vessels,  the  nerves,  and  perhaps 
other  parts,  has  been  greatly  increased,  to  correspond  with  the 
extraordinary  action  of  the  muscles,  the  instruments  of  motion. 
Vol.  11.-29 


460 


THB  HORUt 


Tho  circulation,  once  excited,  does  not  bocomo  traTiqnil  the  mo- 
ment exertion  ceases.  Tho  heart,  and  other  internal  orj^ana 
which  act  in  concert  with  the  heart,  continue  for  a  time  to  per- 
form their  functions  with  all  the  energy  which  violenl  muscular 
exertion  demands,  and  they  do  mischief  before  they  are  aware 
that  their  extraordinary  services  are  no  longer  required;  An 
irregularity  in  the  distribution  of  the  blood  takes  place  ;  soino 
part  receives  more  than  it  needs,  and  an  inflammation  is  the  re- 
sult. Motion  prevents  this,  because  it  keeps  up  a  demand  for 
blood  among  the  muscles.  The  transition  from  rapid  motion  to 
rest  is  too  sudden,  and  should  be  broken  by  gentle  motion.  If 
tho  heart  and  nervous  system  could  be  restrained  us  easily  as  the 
action  of  the  voluntary  muscles,  there  would  be  no  need  for 
walking  a  heated  horse,  since  it  would  be  sufficient  to  render  all 
the  organs  tranquil  at  the  same  time. 

This  brief  analysis  of  what  is  going  on  internally,  may  be 
nseful  to  those  who  would  know  exactly  when  it  is  safe  to  ])ut  a 
heated  horse  to  perfect  rest.  It  is  needless  to  keep  him  in  mo- 
tion after  the  pulse  has  sunk  to  nearly  its  natural  number  of 
beats  per  minute,  which  is  under  40.  Stablemen  go  by  the 
lieat  '^f  the  skin,  but  on  a  hot  day  the  skin  will  often  remain 
above  its  usual  heat,  for  a  good  while  after  the  system  is 
quite  calm.  Tlie  state  of  the  skin,  however,  in  general  indi- 
cates the  degree  of  internal  excitement  with  sufficient  accu- 
racy. 

The  object,  then,  in  walking  a  heated  horse,  is  to  allay  the 
excitement  of  exertion  in  all  parts  of  the  body  at  the  same  time, 
and  by  degrees,  to  keep  the  muscles  working  because  the  heart 
is  working.  The  motion  should  always  be  slow,  and  the  horse 
led,  not  ridden.  If  wet,  and  the  weather  cold,  his  walk  may  be 
faster  than  summer  weather  requires. 

When  the  state  of  the  weather,  and  the  want  of  a  covered 
ride,  put  walking  out  of  the  question,  the  horse  must  either  go  to 
the  stable  or  he  must  suflfer  a  little  exposure  to  the  rain.  When 
i"uch  excited,  that  is,  when  very  warm,  it  is  better  that  he 
should  walk  for  a  few  minutes  in  the  rain,  than  that  he  should 
stand  quite  still.  But  a  horse  seldom  comes  in  very  warm  while 
it  is  raining.    If  he  must  go  into  the  stable  it  should  not  be  too 


"vtidBBWiWig<WBW 


WALKING   A   WET   IIOUHK. 


451 


)  tranquil  tho  mo- 

•  iiitcriuil  oi'mum 
for  n  time  to  jkt- 
1  violon;  niUHculiir 
'('  thoy  are  aware 
iM-  required;  An 
akes  i)lace ;  some 
nnuition  is  the  re- 
up  a  deinund  for 
n  rapid  motion  to 
gentle  motion.  If 
led  as  easily  as  the 
1  be  no  need  for 
cient  to  render  all 

nternally,  may  be 
it  is  safe  to  put  a 

•  keep  him  in  mo- 
latural  number  of 
lemen  go  by  the 
will  often  remain 

;er  the  system  is 
in  general  indi- 
sufiicient  accu- 

rse,  is  to  allay  the 

•  at  the  same  time, 
because  the  heart 

ow,  and  the  horse 
,  his  walk  may  be 

want  of  a  covered 
e  must  either  go  to 
o  the  rain.     When 

is  better  that  he 
lan  that  he  should 

very  warm  while 
t  should  not  be  too 


close.  To  a  horse  hot,  perspiring,  and  breathing  very  quick,  u 
warm  stable  ia  particularly  diHtresHing.  Some  faint  under  it. 
Till  somewhat  calm,  he  may  stand  with  his  head  to  tlie  door, 
but  not  in  a  current  of  cold  air,  at  least  not  after  he  begins  to 
cool. 

Walking  a  wkt  IIohsk. — Gentle  motion  to  a  heated  horse  is 
necessary,  to  prevent  tho  evils  likely  to  arise  from  one  set  of 
organs  doing  more  than  another  set  requires.  But  in  nuiuy  cases 
motion  after  work  is  useful  when  the  horse  is  not  heated.     lie 
may  come  in  drenched  with  rain,  but  quite  cool,  and  there  may 
be  no  one  at  hand  to  dry  him,  or  his  coat  may  be  so  long  that 
one  man  caimot  get  him  dry  before  he  begins  to  shiver.     In  such 
cases  the  horse  should  bo  walked  about.     Were  he  stabled  or 
allowed  to  stand  at  rest  in  this  state,  ho  would  be  very  likely  to 
suffer  as  much  injury  as  if  he  were  suddenly  brought  to  a  stand- 
Btill  when  in  a  high  state  of  perspiration.     Evaporation  com- 
mences; the  moisture  with  which  the  skin  is  charged  is  con- 
verted into  vapor,  and  as  it  assumes  this  form  it  robs  the  horse 
of  a  large  quantity  of  heat.     If  he  be  kept  in  motion  while  thib 
cooling  and  drying  process  is  going  on,  an  extra  quantity  of 
heat  is  formed,  which  may  very  well  bo  spared  for  converting 
the  water  into  vapor,  while  sufficient  is  retained  to  keep  the 
Bkin  comfortably  warm.   Every  body  must  understand  the  differ- 
ence between  sitting  and  walking  in  wet  clothes.     If  the  horso 
be  allowed  to  stand  while  wet,  evaporation  still  goes  on.    Every 
particle  of  moisture  takes  away  so  much  heat,  but  there  is  no 
stimulus  to  produce  the  formation  of  an  extra  quantity  of  heat ; 
in  a  little  while,  the  skin  becomes  sensibly  cold,  the  blood  circu- 
lates slowly,  there  is  no  demand  for  it  on  the  surface,  nor  among 
the  muscles,  and  it  accumulates  upon  internal  organs.     By-and- 
by  the  horse  takes  a  violent  shivering  fit ;  after  this  has  con- 
tinued for  a  time,  the  system  appears  to  become  aware  that  it 
has  been  insidiously  deprived  of  more  heat  than  it  can  conve- 
niently spare ;  then  a  process  is  set  up  for  repairing  the  loss, 
and  for  meeting  the  increased  demand.     But  before  this  calori- 
fying  process  is  fairly  established,  the  demand  for  an   extra 
quantity  of  heat  has  probably  ceased.     The  skin  has  become 
dry,  and  there  is  no  longer  any  evaporation.     Hence  the  heat 
accumulates,  and  the  horee  is  fevered.    I  do  not  pretend  to  trace 


45S 


TIU:   IIOKBE. 


evontB  aii^  further.  Tlio  ru'xt  tiling  of  wliidi  wo  bocoino  awnro 
i8  gi'iu'ruUy  a.i  iiilluiniimtion  of  tlio  fc»'t,  flu;  tiirout,  tlio  luiigH,  or 
eoino  other  i)art.  But  we  cannot  tell  what  in  going  on  lu'twonn 
the  tiuio  that  tho  body  buconieB  hot,  and  tho  time  that  inthini- 
nuitioii  aj)i)('arH.  I  am  not  even  certain  that  tho  otlier  cliangew 
talvo  i»hico  in  tlic  ortler  in  which  tiicy  are  enumerated;  nor  am 
1  Hure  tluit  there  is  no  other  change.  The  aiuiiyHis  may  be  ch'- 
foctivo;  something  may  take  phieo  that  I  have  not  obnnrvcd, 
and  ])OBnihly  the  hms  of  lieat  by  evaporation  nuvy  n(.l  always 
produce  thewe  effects  without  asHistance.  It  is  positively  known, 
however,  that  there  is  danger  in  exi)()sing  a  horse  to  cold  when 
ho  is  not  in  motion  ;  and,  which  is  tho  same  thing,  it  is  cjiully, 
indeed  more  dangerous  to  let  him  stand  when  ho  is  wot.  If  ho 
cannot  bo  dried  by  manual  labor,  he  must  bo  moved  about  till 
ho  is  dried  by  evaporation. 

Wisi'iNo  A  WKT  HOUSE. — When  there  is  sufficient  force  in 
the  stable,  the  proper  way  to  dry  the  horse  is  by  rubbing  him 
with  wisps.  After  removing  all  tho  water  that  can  bo  taken 
away  with  the  scraper,  two  men  commence  on  each  side.  Tliey 
rub  tho  skin  with  soft  wi8j)s ;  those  which  absorb  moisture  most 
readily  are  the  beat,  and  should  bo  often  changed.  None  but  a 
bred  groom  can  dry  a  horse  expeditiously  and  well  in  this  way. 
Tlio  operation  requires  some  action,  and  a  good  deal  of  strength. 
An  awkward  groom  cannot  do  it,  and  a  lazy  fellow  will  not. 
Tlioy  will  wisp  the  horse  for  a  couple  of  hours,  and  leave  him 
almost  as  wet  as  at  the  beginning.  They  lay  the  hair,  but  do 
not  dry  it,  and  they  are  sure  to  neglect  the  legs  and  the  belly, 
the  very  parts  that  have  most  need  to  be  dried  quickly.  Tho 
man  must  put  some  strength  into  his  arm.  He  must  rub  hard, 
and  in  all  directions,  across,  and  against  the  hair,  oftener  than 
over  it.  His  wisp  should  be  firm,  yet  soft,  the  straw  broken. 
Some  cannot  even  make  this  simple  article.  A  stout  fellow  may 
take  one  in  each  hand,  if  only  two  are  employed  about  the 
horse ;  and  a  boy  must  often  take  one  in  both  his  hands.  Two 
men  may  dry  a  horeo  in  half  an  hour,  a  little  more  or  a  little 
less,  according  to  his  condition,  the  length  of  his  coat,  and  the 
state  of  the  weather. 

Clothing  a  wet  Horse. — ^When  the  horse  can  neither  be 
dried  by  the  wisp  nor  kept  in  motion,  some  other  mean*  must 


ifjiUI 


IHHHIMilMHi 


I  w«  bccomo  Bwnro 
lirout,  tlio  liiii^'H,  or 
4  going  oil  botweiiii 

0  time  tliut  iiitliiin- 
t  tlic  otln-r  cliuiigi'H 
lUiiioniti'd ;  nor  uiu 
iiuiIywiH  niivy  bo  di'- 
luvo  not  olmnrvcd, 

II  may  not  always 

1  positively  known, 
liorHci  to  colli  when 
thing,  it  is  equally, 
II  lio  is  w'cl.  If  ho 
10  moved  about  till 

sufficient  force  in 
is  by  rubbing  him 
that  can  bo  taken 
n  each  side.  Tlioy 
jorb  moisture  most 
iged.  None  but  a 
d  well  in  this  way. 
od  deal  of  strength, 
izy  fellow  will  not. 
u's,  and  leave  him 
vy  the  hair,  but  do 
legs  and  the  belly, 
ried  quickly.  The 
lie  must  rub  hard, 
hair,  oftener  than 
the  straw  broken. 
A  stout  fellow  may 
(iployed  about  the 
h  his  hands.  Two 
tie  more  or  a  little 
f  his  coat,  and  the 


•se  can  neither  be 
!  other  meand  must 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


// 


<<( 


h  "^    /a  #^^^ 


c^ 


1.0 


I.I 


a:^  12.8 

It    I'o 


6" 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Cbrporation 


2.5 

122 

M 

1.8 


|l-25  |||||N_  1111.6 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


^ 


■  ^.^^3i^ms-w*giii 


.^^sasi 


V  ^-« 


^  «.■ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


r 

■•i.. 


II 


TO   DKKS8    A    WKT    AND   MUDDY    HORSE. 


453 


be  taken  to  prevent  liim  catching  cold.  He  may  be  scraped, 
unci  then  ch)thed,  or  he  may  be  clothed  without  scraping. 
This  is  not  a  good  practice,  nor  a  substitute  for  grooming ;  it  ia 
merely  an  expedient  which  may  be  occasionally  resorted  to 
when  the  horse  must  be  s^talded  wet  as  he  comes  off  the  road. 
I  am  aware  that  a  horse  is  apt  to  perspire  if  clothed  up  when  his 
coat  is  wet  or  damp.  But  this  takes  place  only  when  the  cloth- 
ing is  too  heavy,  or  the  horse  too  warm.  In  the  case  undei 
consideration,  the  clothing,  unless  the  horse  be  cold,  is  not  in- 
tended to  heat  him,  but  to  prevent  him  from  becoming  cold.  In 
hot  weather,  a  wet  horse  requires  less  care ;  he  need  not  be 
clothed,  for  evaporation  will  not  render  him  too  cold ;  and  if  his 
coat  be  long,  it  will,  without  the  assistance  of  clothing,  keep  the 
skin  tolerably  warm  even  in  weather  that  is  not  hot.  In  all 
cases  the  cloth  should  be  of  woollen,  and  thrown  closely  over 
the  body,  not  bound  by  the  roller,  and  in  many  cases  it  should 
be  changed  for  a  drier,  and  a  lighter  one,  as  it  becomes  charged 
with  moisture. 

To  REMOVE  THE  McD.— -There  are  two  ways  of  removing  the 
mud.  One  may  be  termed  the  dry,  arid  another  the  wet  mode. 
The  first  is  performed  by  means  of  the  ^ciaper  and  the  curry- 
comb, or  a  kind  of  bnish  made  of  whalebone,  which  answers 
much  better  than  the  currycomb.  In  most  well-regulated 
stables,  tlie  strap^^ers  are  never  allowed  to  apply  water  to  a 
horse  that  has  come  muddy  otf  the  road,  and  in  no  stable  should 
the  mud  be  allowed  to  be  removed  from  the  horse  by  washing, 
except  he  be  hand-rubbed  dry.  The  usual  practice  is  to  strip  oft 
the  mud  and  loose  water  by  the  sweat  knife ;  to  walk  the  horse 
about  for  ten  minutes  if  he  be  warm  or  wet,  and  the  weather  fair, 
otherwise  he  stands  a  little  in  his  stall  or  in  an  open  shed  ;  then 
the  man  begins  with  the  driest  of  those  that  have  come  in  toge- 
ther. Much  of  the  surface  mud  which  the  scraper  has  left  about 
the  legs  is  removed  by  a  straw  wisp,  or  a  small  birch  broom,  or 
the  whalebone  brush ;  the  wisp  likewise  helps  to  dry  the  horse. 
Tlie  whalebone  brush  is  a  very  useful  article  when  the  coat  is 
long.  That,  and  the  currycomb,  with  the  aid  of  a  wisp,  are  the 
only  implements  coaching-strappers  require  in  the  winter  season. 
It  clears  away  the  mud  and  separates  the  hain?,  but  it  does  not 
polish  them.    A  gloss  such  as  the  coat  of  these  horses  requires, 


H 


454 


THK  HORSB. 


k 


\ 


is  given  by  the  wisp.  The  whalebone  brush  is  sometimes  too 
coarse,  and  many  horses  cannot  bear  it  at  anytime,  while  others 
can  suffer  it  only  in  winter.  After  the  mud  has  been  removed 
with  this  brush,  the  matted  hair  parted  by  the  currycomb,  and 
the  horse  dusted  all  over  with  the  wisp,  his  feet  are  washed,  the 
soles  picked,  the  shoes  exam'^ied,  the  legs  and  heels  well  rub- 
bed, partly  by  the  hand  and  partly  by  the  wisp,  and  the  mane 
and  tail  combed.  In  the  best  stables  he  is  well  dressed  with 
the  bristle  brush  before  he  goes  to  work.  In  other  stables  the 
usual  mode  of  removing  the  mud  is  by — 

Washing. — When  the  horse  is  very  dirty  he  is  usually  wash- 
ed outside  the  stable  ;  his  belly  is  scraped,  and  the  remainder  of 
the  mud  is  washed  off  at  once  by  the  application  of  water. 
Some  clean  the  body  before  they  wash  the  legs ;  but  that  is 
only  when  there  is  not  much  mud  about  the  horse.  They  do  so 
that  he  may  go  into  the  stable  quite  clean.  He  soils  his  feet 
and  legs  by  stamping  the  ground  when  his  body  is  being  clean- 
ed. It  matters  little  whether  the  dressing  commence  with  the 
body  or  with  the  legs,  but  when  the  legs  are  washed  the  last 
thing,  they  are  generally  left  undried.  In  washing,  a  sponge 
and  a  water-brush  are  employed.  Some  use  a  mop,  and  this  is 
called  the  lazy  method ;  it  is  truly  the  trick  of  a  careless  sloven  ; 
it  wets  the  legs  but  does  not  clean  them  The  brush  goes  to 
the  roots  of  the  hair,  and  removes  all  the  sand  and  mud,  with- 
out doing  which  it  is  worse  than  useless  to  apply  any  water. 
The  sponge  is  employed  for  drying  the  hair,  for  soaking  up  and 
wiping  away  the  loose  water.  Afterward,  the  legs  and  all  the 
parts  that  hayc  been  washed,  are  rendered  completely  dry  by 
rubbing  with  the  straw-wisp,  the  rubber,  and  the  hand.  Among 
valuable  horses  this  is  always  done ;  wherever  the  legs  have 
little  hair  about  them,  and  that  little  cannot  be  properly  dried 
after  washing,  no  washing  should  take  place. 

WetLkgs. — It  is  a  very  common  p.actice,  because  it  is  easy, 
to  wash  the  lege ;  but  none,  save  the  best  of  stablemen,  will  be 
at  the  trouble  of  drying  them ;  they  are  allowed  to  dry  of  them- 
selves, and  they  become  excessively  cold.  Evaporation  com- 
mences; after  a  time  a  process  is  set  up  for  producing  heat 
sufficient  to  carry  on  evaporation,  and  to  maintain  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  skin.     Before  this  process  can  be  fully  established, 


BANDAOINO  THE  LEGS. 


456 


sometimes  too 
i,  while  othere 
)ecii  rtjiiiovcd 
irrycoml),  and 
I'e  waslied,  the 
lecls  well  rub- 
and  the  mane 
1  dressed  with 
ler  stables  the 

usually  wash- 
!  remainder  of 
ion   of  water. 

;  but  that  is 
They  do  so 
e  soils  his  feet 
3  being  clean- 
Bnce  with  the 
ished  the  last 
Ing,  a  sponge 
0Y>,  and  this  is 
ireless  sloven ; 
brush  goes  to 
id  mud,  with- 
ly  any  water, 
aking  up  and 
js  and  all  the 
letely  dry  by 
land.  Among 
the  legs  have 
ropei'ly  dried 

use  it  is  easy, 
3men,  will  be 
dry  of  them- 
loration  com- 
jducing  heat 
the  tempera- 
r  established, 


the  water  has  all  evaporated ;  then  the  heat  accumulates ;  in- 
flammation succeeds,  and  often  runs  so  far  as  to  produce  morti- 
fication. To  avoid  these  evils,  the  legs  must  either  be  dried 
after  washing,  or  they  must  not  bo  washed  at  all. 

Among  horees  that  have  the  fetlocks  and  the  legs  well 
clothed  with  long  and  strong  hair,  it  is  not  necessary  to  be  so 
particular  about  drying  the  legs  ;  the  length  and  the  thickness 
of  the  hair  check  evaporation.  This  i)rocess  is  not  permitted  to 
go  on  so  rapidly ;  the  air  and  the  vapor  are  entangled  among 
the  hair ;  they  cannot  get  away,  and  of  course  cannot  carry  oft' 
the  heat  so  rapidly  as  from  a  naked  heel.  But  for  all  this,  it  is 
possible  to  make  the  legs,  even  of  those  hairy-heeled  horses,  so 
cold  as  to  produce  inflammation.  And  when  these  horses  have 
the  legs  trimmed  bare,  thay  are  more  liable  to  grease  than  the 
lighter  horse  of  faster  work.  But  the  greatest  number  of 
patients  with  grease  occur  where  the  legs  and  heels  are  trim- 
med, washed,  and  never  properly  dried.  Tliere  is  no  grease 
where  there  is  good  grooming,  and  not  much  where  the  legs  are 
well  covered  with  hair.  It  is  true  that  fat  or  plethoric  horses  are 
very  liable  to  cracks  and  moisture  of  the  heels ;  but  though  it 
may  not  be  easy,  yet  it  is  quite  possible  for  a  good  groom  to 
prevent  grease  even  in  these  horses. 

I  am  not  objecting  to  washing  under  all  circumstances.  It 
is  a  bad  practice  among  naked-heeled  horses,  only  when  the 
men  will  not  or  cannot  make  the  legs  dry.  In  a  gentleman's 
stable  the  le^  ">ught  to  be  washed,  but  they  ought  also  to  be 
thoroughly  dried  before  the  horse  is  left.  It  is  the  evapora- 
tion, or  the  cold  produced  by  evaporation,  that  does  the  mis- 
chief. 

I  greatly  approve  of  washing  the  legs  with  warm  water, 
hard  rubbing  them  for  a  few  moments  so  as  to  strip  out  the 
superfluous  water,  and  then  instantly  applying  dry  and  warm 
flannel  bandages  from  the  fetlock  to  the  knee.  Tlie  legs  next 
morning  com    out  beautifully  dry  and  clean. 

Bathing. — ^This  name  may  be  given  to  the  operation  of  wash- 
ing the  horse  all  over.  Where  possible,  and  not  forbidden  by 
the  owner,  a  lazy  or  ignorant  groom  always  performs  it  in  the 
neighboring  river  or  pond.  Some  take  the  horse  into  the  water 
till  it  is  up  to  his  belly,  and  others  swim  him  into  the  depths, 


466 


Tins  noRSB. 


from  wliich  man  and  horse  are  often  borne  away  with  the  stream, 
to  the  great  grief  of  the  newspaper  editor,  wlio  deph^res  tlieir 
melancholy  fate;  by  which,  I  suppose,  he  means  melancholy 
ignorance. 

These  river  bathings  ought  to  be  entirely  prohibited. 

In  cold  weather  it  is  an  act  of  nuidness.  During  some  of  the 
hottest  days  in  summer,  a  general  bathing  is  wonderfully  re- 
freshing to  a  horse,  who  has  run  a  stage  at  the  rate  of  ten  jniles 
an  hour.  It  cleans  the  skin  more  effectually  than  any  other 
means,  and  with  less  irritation  to  the  horse;  it  renders  him  com- 
fortably cool,  and  under  certain  conditions,  it  does  him  no  harm, 
Those  employed  in  public  conveyances  are  almost  the  only 
horses  that  require  it.  During  very  hot  weather  they  suffer 
much  from  the  pace  at  which  they  travel.  They  come  -'ff  the 
road  steeped  in  perspiration,  but  in  a  few  minutes  they  are  dry. 
The  coat  is  thin  and  short,  and  the  hairs  glued  together  by  dirt 
and  sweat ;  to  raise  and  separate  them  with  the  currycomb  is 
productive  of  much  pain,  greatly  aggravated  by  the  fevered 
condition  of  the  horse.  The  best  way  of  cleaning  a  horse  in  this 
state,  is  by  washing  him.  Tlie  operation  is  performed  by  the 
water-brush  and  the  sponge.  The  horse  should  stand  in  the  sun. 
The  man,  taking  a  large  coarse  sponge  in  his  hand,  usually  com- 
mences at  the  neck,  close  to  the  head ;  he  proceeds  backward 
and  downward  till  he  has  bathed  the  horse  all  over.  This  may 
be  done  in  two  minutes.  Then,  dipping  his  brush  in  the  water, 
he  applies  it  as  generally  as  the  sponge,  drawing  it  always  in 
the  direction  of  the  hair,  without  any  rubbing.  Tlie  sponge 
merely  applies  the  water;  the  brush  loosens  and  removes  the 
dust  and  perspiration  which  adhere  to  the  hair.  The  sweat-knife 
is  next  employed,  and  the  horse  being  scraped  as  dry  as  possible, 
he  is  walked  about  in  the  sun  for  half  an  hour,  more  or  less,  till 
he  be  perfectly  dry.  During  the  time  he  is  in  motion  the  scraper 
is  reapplied  several  times,  especially  to  the  belly,  and  the  horse 
gets  water  twice  or  thrice.  "When  quite  dry,  he  is  stabled, 
and  wisped  over,  perhaps  lightly  brushed,  to  lay  and  polish  his 
coat,  and  when  his  legs  are  well  rubbed  he  is  ready  for  feeding. 


with  the  stream, 

0  dejjlores  their 

ins  moliinchjly 

iil)ited. 

■ing  some  of  the 
wonderfully  re- 
ate  of  ten  jniles 

lan   any  other 
nders  him  com- 
!s  him  no  harm, 
most   the   oidy 
ler  they  suflFer 
iy  come  -^ff"  the 
3S  they  are  dry. 
ogether  by  dirt 
f)  currycomb  ia 
by  the  fevered 
'  a  horse  in  tliis 
formed  by  the 
tand  in  the  sun. 
d,  usually  com- 
ceds  backward 
i^er.     This  may 
h  in  tlie  water, 
ig  it  always  in 
;.    Tlie  sponge 
d  removes  the 
'he  sweat-knife 
iry  as  possible, 
ore  or  less,  till 
ion  the  scraper 
and  the  horse 
he  is  stabled, 
and  polish  his 
iy  for  feeding. 


USES  AND   PBOrKKTIKS   OF  TUE  UAIB  457 


OPEKATION    OF   DECORATION. 

The  tJsKs  and  Pkopertiks  of  the  TTair. — ^That  which  forms 
the  general  covering  is  intended  to  keep  the  horse  warm.  It  con- 
ducts heat  very  closely,  and  is  therefore  well  adapted  for  retain- 
ing it.  It  absorbs  no  moisture,  and  when  the  horse  is  in  good 
ihealth,  every  hair  is  anointed  with  an  oily  sort  of  fluid  which 
imparts  a  beautiful  gloss,  and  repels  moisture. 

The  hair  is  shed  every  spring  and  every  autumn.  The  short 
fine  coat  which  suffices  for  the  summer,  affords  little  protection 
against  the  severities  of  winter ;  it  falls,  and  is  replaced  by 
another  of  the  same  nuiterial,  though  longer  and  coarser.  It  is 
not  very  obvious  why  the  horse  should  moult  twice  every  year. 
We  might  8Upj)ose  that  a  mere  increase  in  the  length  of  the 
summer  coat  would  render  it  sufficiently  warm  for  the  winter. 
Without  doubt  Oiere  is  some  reason  why  it  is  otherwise  order- 
ed. The  hair  perhaps  is  not  of  the  same  texture ;  that  of  the 
winter  coat  certainly  appears  to  be  coarser ;  it  is  thicker,  and  it 
requires  more  care  to  keep  it  glossy  than  the  hair  of  a  summer 
coat. 

The  hair  is  not  cast  all  at  once.  Before  losing  its  connection 
with  the  skin  it  assumes  a  lighter  color,  and  becomes  dim  and 
deadlike.  On  some  warm  day  a  large  quantity  comes  away, 
which  is  not  missed,  though  its  fall  is  very  evident.  The  pro- 
cess seems  to  stop  for  several  days  and  to  recommence.  Though 
a  little  is  always  falling,  yet  there  are  times  at  M-hich  large 
quantities  come  out,  and  it  is  said  that  the  whole  is  shed  at 
thrice.  Moulting,  and  the  length  and  thickness  of  the  coat,  are 
much  influenced  by  the  stable  treatment  and  the  weather. 
Horses  that  are  much  and  for  a  long  time  out  of  doors,  exposed 
to  cold,  always  have  the  hair  much  longer  than  those  kept  in 
warm  stables,  or  those  that  are  more  in  the  stable  than  in  the 
open  air.  If  the  horse  be  kept  warm  and  well  fed,  his  winter 
coat  will  be  very  little  longer  than  that  of  summer,  and  it  will 
lie  nearly  as  well.  Moulting  may  even  be  entirely  prevented  ; 
heavy  clothing  and  warm  stabling  will  keep  the  summer  coat  on 
all  winter.  The  horse,  however,  must  not  be  often  nor  long  ex- 
posed to  cold,  for  though  he  may  be  made  to  retain  his  summer 


4S8 


THE   HORSE. 


coat  till  after  the  usual  period  of  changing  it,  yet  it  will  fall  even 
in  the  middle  of  winter,  if  he  be  much  exposed  to  winter 
wcatlier.  Grooms  often  hasten  the  fall  of  the  winter  coat  by 
extra  dressing  and  elothing,  in  order  that  the  horse  may  have 
his  tine  summer  coat  a  little  earlier  than  usual.  This,  especially 
when  the  spring  is  cold  and  the  horse  much  exposed,  is  not 
right,  for  it  genei'uUy  makes  the  summer  coat  longei  than  if  it 
had  not  appeared  till  the  weather  was  warmer. 

The  long  hair  which  grows  on  the  legs  of  some  horses,  is 
doubtless  intended  to  answer  the  sane  purpose  as  the  short  hair 
of  the  body.  It  is  longer  and  stronger,  because  the  parts  are 
more  exposed  to  cold  and  to  wet.  On  the  legs  of  thoi-oughbred 
horses,  the  hair  is  not  much  longer  than  that  on  the  body,  with 
the  exception  of  a  tuft  at  the  back  of  the  fetlock-joint.  This  is 
termed  the  foot  lock.  It  defends  the  parts  beneath  from  ex- 
ternal injury,  io  which  they  are  liable  by  contact  with  the 
ground.  When  very  long,  good  grooming,  good  food,  and  warm 
stabling,  always  shorten  tin;  hair  of  the  legs. 

Tho.  hair  of  tJic  nuuie  has  been  i-egarded  as  ornamental,  and 
it  is  so  ;  but  to  say  that  an}>  part  of  an  animal  was  conferred  for 
the  sole  purpose  of  pleasing  the  eye  of  man,  is  almost  as  m\ich 
as  to  say  that  all  were  not  created  by  the  same  Being.  Had  the 
mane  been  superfluous  to  the  horse,  we  could  have  been  made 
to  admire  him  without  it.  God  has  made  it  plcaeing  to  us,  be- 
cause it  is  useful  to  him.  In  a  wild  state  the  horse  has  many 
battles  to  tight,  and  his  neck,  deprived  of  the  mane,  would  be  a 
very  vulnerable  part.  It  is  likewise  a  part  that  he  cannot  reach 
with  his  teeth,  and  not  easily  with  his  feet.  The  flies  might 
settle  there  and  satiate  themselves  without  disturbance ;  if  the 
mane  cannot  altogether  exclude  these  intrudere,  it  can  lash 
them  off  by  a  single  jerk  of  the  head.  I  believe  that  in  wild 
horses  ihe  mane  falls  equally  on  both  sides  of  the  neck. 

The  long  hair  of  the  mant,  the  tail,  and  the  legs,  is  hot  shed 
in  the  same  manner  as  that  on  the  body.  It  is  deciduous,  but  it 
does  not  fall  so  regularly,  so  rapidly,  nor  so  often  as  the  other. 
Each  hair,  from  its  length,  requires  a  much  longer  time  to  grow ; 
if  all  werr  shed  at  once,  the  parts  would  be  left  defpnceless 
for  pfc•^pps  more  than  a  month.  Some  of  the  haii-s  are  con- 
atartly  losing  their  attachment  and  falling  out,  while  others  are 


■•■■'■^^mm^ 


DOCKING    AND  PRICKING. 


469 


t  it  will  fall  even 
•ohotl   to   wiiitor 

winter  coat,  hy 
ii>rse  may  have 
This,  especially 

exjjosed,  is  not 
ongei  than  if  it 

6onio  horses,  is 
IS  the  short  liair 
ie  the  parts  are 
f  thoronghhred 
the  body,  with 
l<-joint.  This  is 
neath  from  ex- 
titact  with  the 
food,  and  warm 

•rnamental,  and 
as  conferred  for 
almost  as  much 
Jeing.    JIad  the 
ave  been  made 
aeing  to  us,  be- 
liorse  has  many 
-ne,  would  be  a 
le  cannot  reach 
?he  flies  might 
irbance ;  if  the 
8,   it  can  lash 
'6  that  in  wild 
neck. 

}ga,  is  not  shed 
ciduous,  but  it 
1  as  the  other. 
•  time  to  grow ; 
eft  defpnceless 
haii-8  are  con- 
hile  others  are 


as  conBta..tly  growing.  It  is  not  possible  to  say  wliat  deter- 
mines the  fall  of  these  hairs  in  horses  not  doniestijated.  It  may 
be  some  eircuiriKtance  connected  w'th  their  age  or  length  more 
than  with  the  change  of  season.  When  brnshed  and  combed 
many  of  fhein  are  pulled  out. 

Docking. — In  this  country  the  horse's  tail  is  regarded  as 
a  useless  or  troublesome  appendage.  It  was  given  to  ward  oft' 
the  attacks  of  blood-sucking  flies. 

In  this  country,  for  several  months  of  the  year,  thin-skinned 
horses  suffer  excessively,  and  many  accidents  happen  from  their 
struggles  or  their  fears.  At  grass,  in  certain  districts,  they  are 
in  a  constant  fever. 

It  is  surely  worth  while  inquiring,  whether  all  that  is  gained 
by  docking  bfilarces  the  loss.  In  comjiaring  the  two,  it  ought  to 
be  remembered  that  lockjaw  and  deuth  are  not  rare  results  of 
ti.fi  operation. 

Tlie  opeitition  of  pricking,  after  the  old  fashion,  is  barbarous 
in  the  extreme.  As  practised  here,  it  is  much  more  simple, 
effectual,  and  less  painful.  If  the  tail  is  to  be  docked,  let  that 
firet  be  done,  and  then  permitted  to  heal  perfectly.  Perhaps 
this  operation  may  make  the  horse  carry  his  tail  so  well  as  to 
prevent  the  necessity  of  pricking.  But  if  it  does  not,  then  let 
him  be  pricked. 

Operation. — ^Tlie  tail  has  four  cords,  two  upper  and  two 
lower.  The  upper  ones  raise  the  tail,  the  lower  ones  depress  it, 
and  these  last  alone  are  to  be  cut.  Take  a  sharp  penknife  with 
a  long  slender  blade ;  insert  the  blade  between  the  bone  and 
under  cord,  two  inches  from  the  body  ;  place  the  thumb  of  the 
hand  holding  the  knife  against  the  under  part  of  the  tail,  and 
opposite  the  blade.  Tlien  press  the  blade  toward  the  thumb 
agains'  the  cord,  and  cut  the  cord  off,  but  do  not  let  the  knife 
cut  th  ough  the  skin.  The  cord  is  firm,  and  it  will  easily  be 
known  when  it  is  cut  off.  The  thumb  will  tell  when  to  desist, 
that  the  skin  may  not  be  cut.  Sever  the  cord  twice  on  each 
side  in  the  same  manner.  Let  the  cuts  be  two  inches  apart. 
The  cord  is  nearly  destitute  of  sensation ;  yet  when  the  tail  ia 
pricked  in  the  old  manner,  the  wound  to  the  skin  and  flesh  is 
severe,  and  much  fever  is  induced,  and  it  takes  a  long  time  to 
heal.    But  with  this  method,  the  horee's  tail  will  not  bleed,  noi 


460 


THE   IIORBR. 


will  it  \m  Hore  iiridor  ordinary  circumstnnccs  more  than  throe 
days ;  and  ho  will  be  i>\illcyed  and  his  tail  made  in  one  half  of 
the  time  rc(|iiir('(l  by  the  old  method. 

DuKsrtiNo  TMK  Tail:— SomctiiMOH  llu^  hair  of  the  tail  grows 
too  busily.  The  best  way  of  thinning  it  \h  to  comb  it  often  with 
a  dry  comb,  having  small  but  strong  teeth.  When  the  hair  k 
short,  Btitt",  almost  Ktanding  on  end,  it  may  be  laid  by  wetting  it, 
and  tying  the  ends  together  beyond  the  Ktiirnp.  Konietimes  the 
whole  tail  \h  moistened,  and  surrounded  by  a  hay-rope,  whieli  is 
applied  ovetdy  and  moderately  tight,  and  kept  on  all  night.  It 
makes  the  hair  lie  better  during  the  next  <lay,  but  seldom  hmgor. 
Square  tails  recpiire  occasional  clip])ing.  The  tail  is  lield  in  a 
horizontal  position  by  the  left  hand,  while  it  is  squared  M'ith 
scissors.  The  hair  at  tlie  centre  is  rendered  shorter  than  that  at 
the  outside,  and  the  tail,  when  elevated,  resembles  the  feathered 
extremity  of  a  pen.  Horses  of  the  racing  kind  have  long  tails 
with  the  hair  cut  off,  square  at  the  end  of  the  dock ;  this  is 
terimid  the  long  tail. 

A  switch  tail  is  taper  at  the  point,  not  square.  It  is  of  vary- 
ing  length,  according  to  the  taste  of  the  rider.  It  sometimes 
requireo  to  be  shortened  without  scpiaring  it.  The  man  seizing  it 
withni  his  left  hand,  cuts  off  the  superfluous  length  with  a  knife 
not  very  sharp.  Ho  does  not  go  slap-dash  through  it  as  a  j)air 
of  scissors  would  ;  but,  holding  the  knife  across,  with  the  edge 
inclined  to  the  point  of  the  tail,  he  draws  it  up  and  down  as  if  ho 
were  scraping  it ;  the  hairs  are  cut  as  the  knife  approaches  the 
hand  that  holds  the  tail;  in  this  way  lie  carries  the  knife  all 
round,  and.  reaches  the  central  hairs  as  much  from  one  point 
of  the  outer  circumference  as  from  any  other.  The  hairs 
are  thus  left  of  unequal  length,  those  at  the  middle  being  the 
longest. 

The  hair  of  the  tail  is  usually  combed  and  brushed  every 
day,  and  w^hen  not  hanging  gracefully,  it  should  be  wet  and 
combed  four  or  five  times  a  day.  White  tails,  especially  when 
of  full  length,  require  often  to  be  washed  with  soap  and  water. 
On  many  horses  the  hair  is  very  thin.  When  the  hair  is  want- 
ed exuberant,  it  should  have  little  combing. 

Dressing  the  Mane.— In  general  the  mane  lies  to  the  right 
side,  but  in  some  horses  it  is  shaded  equally  to  each.     On  some 


|«  moro  tlittn  fliroe 
|n)i<I(!  in  oii(.  half  of 

of  the  tail  grown 

«'<'inl)  it  often  with 
When  the  Imi,-  j^ 

laid  l)y  wt'ttin^r  jf^ 
||>-     Sometinios  tlio 

liiiy-n.pc.,  wliieh  is 
[»t  on  nil  ni«rlit.     It 

butHcMoni  longer. 
Iio  tail  is  lielcl  in  a 
it  in  K(|iiurc'(I  with 
'K.rtcr  than  that  at 
il>k's  the  foatherod 
nd  liavo  long  tails 
the  dock ;  this  is 

liii-c.     It  is  of  vary- 
lor.     It  sometimes 
The  man  seizing  it 
cngtli  with  a  knife 
rough  it  as  a  j)air 
•OSS,  with  the  edge 
and  down  as  if  ho 
ifc  approaches  the 
Ties  the  knife  all 
ill  from  one  jjoint 
ther.     The  haire 
niddlo  being  the 

d  brushed  every 
auld  be  wet  and 
>  especially  when 
'  soap  and  water, 
the  hair  is  want- 
lies  to  the  right 
each.     On  some 


TIUMMINO    THK    KAH8. 


401 


)rHe9  it  is  made  to  lie  to  the  right  side  on  the  one,  and 
on  the  otiior,  the  bare  side  of  the  neck  being  exposed, 
e,  especially  ponies,  it  is  the  ciiHtoin  to  bav«>  the  nnmo 
learly  to  the  roots,  only  a  few  stunips  lieiiig  left  to 
)endiciilarly.  This  is  termed  the  hog-nuin»'.  It  is 
irely  out  of  fashion.     To  make  a  mane  lie,  the  groom 

wets  it  sevi'ral  times  a  day;  he  keeps  it  almost  con- 
t;  when  thick,  short,  and  bushy,  he  pulls  away  some 

from  tlie  under  side,  that  is,  from   the  side  to  which 


incli 


ited  to  incli 


When  that  is  not 


mane  inclines,  or  is  wanted  to  incline,  w  lien  tiiat  is 
Bufficient,  ho  plaits  it  into  ten  or  fifteen  cords,  weaving  into 
each  a  ])iece  of  nuitting,  and  loading  the  extremity  with  a  littlo 
lead.  After  ryuuiining  in  this  state  for  several  days,  the  phviting 
is  undone,  and  the  mane  lies  as  it  is  wanted.  When  it  becomes 
too  long  or  too  bushy,  a  few  of  the  hairs  are  pidled  out.  This  is 
often  done  too  harshly,  and  somo  horses  have  a  great  aversion 
to  it.  In  harness  hoidcs,  that  part  of  the  mano  which  lies 
directly  behind  the  ears  is  usually  cut  away,  that  the  head  of 
the  bridle  may  sit  fast. 

Heavy  draught-horses  should  seldom  have  either  the  mane 
or  the  tail  thinned,  and,  to  hang  gracefully,  it  should  be  long  in 
proportion  to  its  thickness. 

Trimming  the  Eaks — The  inside  of  the  ear  is  coated  with  fine 
liair,  which  is  intended  by  nature  to  exclude  rain,  flies,  dirt,  and 
other  foreign  mattere  floating  in  the  air.  When  loft  to  itself,  it 
grows  BO  long  as  to  protrude  consideral)ly  out  of  the  ear,  and  to 
give  the  horse  a  neglected,  ungroomed-like  appearance.  It  is  a 
common  practice  to  trim  all  this  hair  away  by  the  roots.  But 
it  is  a  very  stupid  practice.  The  internal  ear  becomes  exposed 
to  the  intrusion  of  rain,  dirt,  and  insects  ;  and  though  I  know  of 
no  disease  arising  from  this  cause,  yet  eyery  horseman  is  aware 
that  it  gives  the  horse  much  annoyance.  Many  are  very  unwil 
ling  to  face  a  blast  of  rain  or  sleet,  and  some  will  not.  In  the 
fly-season,  thoy  are  constantly  throwing  the  head  about  as  if 
they  would  throw  it  ofi^,  and  this  is  an  inconvenience  to  either 
rider  or  driver.  The  hair  on  the  inside  should  not  be  cut  from 
any  horse.  It  is  easily  cleaned  by  a  gentle  application  of  the 
brush.  When  the  hair  grows  too  long,  the  points  may  be  taken 
oft     This  is  done  by  closing  the  ear,  and  cutting  away  the  hair 


£ 


402 


THE  IIORSB. 


that  pnitrudi'H  beyond  tho  edges.     Among  heavy  horBca  even 
tliis  \h  uniu'eeHHiiry. 

TiiiMMrNo  Tin:  Mrzzi.i':  and  Fack.— All  round  the  niiizzlf, 
and  espociully  altoiif  flio  noHtriJH  and  lips,  tlirre  are  ion^r  lino 
hairs,  (scattered  wide  ai)art,  and  Htandin«,'  perpendieidar  to  tho 
Bkin  Tliese  are  feelern.  They  perform  the  winio  functions  as 
the  whiskers  of  the  cat.  Their  roots  are  endowed  with  peculiar 
sonHiltilify.  They  warn  the  horse  of  the  vicinity  of  ol)j(>ctH  to 
which  he  must  attend.  There  are  several  grouped  together  Ix'h.w 
and  above  tho  eyes,  which  give  these  delicate  organs  notice  of 
approaching  insects  or  matters  that  might  enter  them  and  do 
mischief.  The  slightest  touch  on  tho  extremity  of  these  hairs  is 
instantly  felt  by  tho  horse.  They  detect  even  the  agitation  of 
the  air. 

It  is  usual  with  grooms  to  cut  all  these  hairs  away  as  vulgar 
excrescences.  They  can  give  no  reason  for  doing  so.  They  see 
those  hairs  on  all  horses  that  are  not  well  groomed,  and  perha])8 
they  are  accustomed  to  associate  them  with  gejieral  want  of 
grooming.  They  arc  so  fine  and  so  few  in  nund)er,  that  they 
cunn(»t  bo  seen  from  a  little  distance,  and  surely  they  cannot  be 
regarded  as  incompatible  with  beauty,  even  though  they  were 
more  conspicuous.     The  operation  ought  to  be  forbidden. 

Trimming  tiik  IIkkls  and  Legs.*— The  hair  of  the  fetlock,  tho 
hollow  of  the  pastern,  and  the  posterior  aspect  of  the  legs,  is 
longer  on  heavy  draught-horses  than  on  those  of  finer  bone. 
It  is  intended  to  keep  tho  legs  warm,  and  perhajis  in  some  de- 
gree to  defend  them  from  external  violence.  It  becomes  much 
shorter  and  less  abundant  after  the  horse  is  stabled,  kept  warm, 
well  fed,  and  well  groomed.  The  simple  act  of  washing  the 
legs,  or  rubbing  them,  tends  to  make  the  hair  short  and  thin, 
and  to  keep  it  so.  Nevertheless,  it  is  a  very  common  practice, 
especially  in  coaching-stables,  to  clip  this  hair  away  almost 
close  to  the  root.  Cart-horses  very  rarely  have  the  heels  trim- 
med; well-bred  horses  seldom  require  it.  The  hand-rubbing 
which  the  legs  and  heels  of  these  horses  receive,  keeps  the  hair 
ehort,  and  it  is  never  very  long  even  without  hand-rubbing. 

•  The  word  heel  is  applied  to  the  back  and  hoUow  of  the  pastern.    In  this  place 
all  that  is  said  of  the  heels  is  applicable  to  the  leg. 


I 


HAND-UI'llIilNO  TIIK   I.KdII. 


4f;3 


,'  liiiivy  horses  oven 

niiiiid  the  tmizzlo, 
ilifH'  art'  loii^  fi„o 
*'i-|'t'ii(li<Milur  to  tho 

«>\\(!(1  with  jxKMiliiir 
cinity  of  nhjcvt^  to 
ipcdto^retliurluilow 
ato  or^r,iiiH  notice  of 
ciifor  tluMji  and  do 
lity  ot'tlioso  haii-H  m 
■CM  the  ngitatiou  of 

nirs  nway  m  vulvar 
iloiiifr  HO.  They  see 
'omod,  and  porluijjs 
til  pronoral  want  of 
1  iiuiuhor,  that  thoy 
rely  they  cannot  bo 
I  tliough  they  were 
t)o  forbidden. 

ir  of  the  fetlock,  the 
pect  of  tho  legs,  is 
!io80  of  finer  bono. 
iorhftj)8  in  some  de- 
It  becomes  much 
itabled,  kept  warm, 
ct  of  wasliiiig  the 
air  short  and  thin, 
common  practice, 
hair  away   almost 
ve  the  heels  trim- 
The  hand-rubbing 
ive,  keeps  the  hair 
liand-rubbing. 

pastern.    In  this  place 


Hand-ki  iiiiiNu  'niK  LwiH. — TIiiH  \n  not  nltogellitr  ati  nrnu- 
mental  operation,  but  us  it  is  performed  chiefly  or  only  where 
decoration  Ih  lUfetided  to,  this  HeeiuH  to  be  the  proper  place  for 
takinjx  notice  of  it.  I  have  Hiiid  that  the  liuir  of  fbe  body  in 
anointed  by  an  oily  kind  of  matter,  which  nervcH  in  Home  mea- 
Huro  to  rei)el  the  rain.  The  long  hair  of  the  Ik^cIh  Ih  ntiointed  in 
the  same  way,  but  tbcMe  parts  are  more  liable  to  become  wet, 
and  the  oily  or  lubricating  fluid  is  Hecreted  in  greater  iibundance 
here  than  elsewhere.  It  is  produced  by  the  skin,  and  has  u 
lightly  fetid  smell,  which  becomes  intolerable  when  the  skin  is 
the  seat  ')f  the  diseaso  terme<l  grease.  This  fluid  is  easily  washed 
off,  but  it  is  soon  replaced  ;  the  greater  part  of  it  is  removed  by 
brushing  and  washing  the  hair,  especially  with  soapy  v/ater,  and 
it  is  some  time  ere  the  hair  and  skin  are  again  bedewed  with  it. 
Dry  fricti(m  with  tho  hand  or  a  soft  wisp  stimulates  the  skin  to 
furnish  a  new  or  an  extra  supply.  This  is  o\w  good  reason  for 
hand-rubbing,  an  operation  seldom  performed  by  untrained 
grooms.  "  Take  care  of  the  heels,  aiul  the  other  parte  will  take 
care  of  themselves,"  is  an  old  saying  in  tho  stable,  aiul  a  very 
good  one,  if  it  mean  only  that  the  heels  require  more  care  than 
other  parts.  In  some  horses,  particularly  those  that  have  little 
hair  about  tho  legs,  tho  hollow  of  tho  pastern  is  very  apt  to 
crack  ;  tho  anointing  fluid  is  not  secreted  in  sufficient  (pumtity 
to  keep  the  skin  supple ;  it  is  always  dry,  aiul  whenever  tho 
aniuud  is  put  to  a  fast  pace,  the  skin  cracks  and  bleeds  at  the 
place  where  motion  is  greatest.  Lotions  are  applied  which  dry 
the  sore,  but  do  not  prevent  the  evil  from  recurring ;  hand-rub- 
bing must  do  this.  Tho  legs  of  some  horses  are  apt  to  swell  or  to 
itch,  particvdarly  when  they  stand  idle  for  a  day  or  two.  Others, 
cold-blooded,  long-logged  horses,  are  troubled  with  cold  legs 
while  standing  in  the  stall.  These  things  are  generally  dis- 
regarded among  coarse  horses ;  if  they  dist^ppear,  it  is  well,  if 
not,  they  are  neglected  till  they  become  more  formidable.  But 
little  evils  of  this  kind  often  produce  much  annoyance  to  chose 
■who  own  horses  of  greater  value.  It  is  difficult  to  avoid  them 
altogether  among  horses  that  are  not  in  good  condition,  loaded 
with  fat,  or  plethoric ;  yet,  frequent  hand-rubbing  does  much. 
Some  grooms  give  it  five  or  six  times  a-day ;  so  much  is  seldom 
required,  indeed  never,  except  under  disease;  but  it  does  no 


W!F 


464 


THE   nOKSE. 


harm  that  I  know  of,  if  it  do  not  make  the  heels  too  bare.  To 
be  of  any  use,  it  must  be  done  in  a  systematic  manner  and  in 
good  ea.nest.  If  the  horse  be  perfectly  quiet,  the  man  will  sit 
down  on  his  knees,  and,  with  a  small  soft  wisp,  or  cloth-rubber 
in  each  hand,  he  will  rub  upward  and  downward,  or  he  will  use 
hio  hands  without  the  wisp,  particularly  if  the  hai"  be  fine  and 
short ;  much  force  is  not  necessary,  indeed  it  is  pernicious.  In 
coming  down  the  leg  tlie  pressure  should  be  light;  and  in 
passing  upward,  it  must  not  be  so  great  as  to  raise  or  break  the 
hairs. 

Singeing,  shaving  and  clipping  aro  so  rarely  used  and  are  so 
little  needed  in  this  country^  that  I  do  not  care  to  insert  the 
methods. 


THE   horse's   food. 

Tliis  should  be  oats  and  hay  c^  the  btst  qiiality ;  beans  for 
liard-working  liorses,  occasionally  varied  with  carrots  or  Swed- 
ish turnips ,  bran  mashes  ;  and,  under  some  circumstances,  old 
Indian  corn  or  maize ;  linseed  gruel.  Many  persons  are  not 
aware,  that  the  price  of  musty  oats  and  bad  Jiay  is  vastly  dearer 
♦ban  that  of  the  same  commodities  of  good  quality— and  that 
the  worse  the  quality  the  higher  the  cost.  It  is  so  neverthe- 
less—for, whether  the  purchaser  of  inferior  articles  bargai-^  for 
it  or  not,  he  always  purchases  with  then  indigestion,  foulness 
of  blood,  looseness  of  the  bowels,  general  debility,  and  gland- 
ers ;  all  of  these  being  too  costly  to   be   purchased  into  any 

6TclDi6a 

Much  has  been  said  of  late  respecting  the  advantage  of 
bruising  oats,  and  various  machines  are  much  in  vogue  for  the 
purpose.  Mr.  Spooner  says  of  them,  "they  are  apt  to  produce 
diarrhoea,  especially  if  the  animal  is  worked  hard."  It  is  fur- 
ther alleged  that  many  horses  v?ill  not  eat  them  with  an  appe- 
tite ;  and  the  opponents  to  the  system  go  further,  urging  that 
unbruised  oats  excite  a  flow  of  saliva,  necessary  to  perfect  di- 
gestion, which  is  not  the  case  with  those  which  are  bruised. 
The  explanation  to  the  first  of  these  questions  supplies,  a  very 
strong  recommendation.  The  stomach  having  derived  a  suffi- 
cient quantity  of  nourishment  from  a  moderate  portion,  does 


■  I 


BBUIBED  OATS. 


465 


heels  too  bare.  To 
itie  manner  and  in 
3t,  tlie  man  will  sit 
isp,  or  cloth-rubber 
i^ard,  or  he  will  use 
;ie  liai"  be  fine  and 
t  is  pernicious.  In 
be  light ;  and  in 
)  raise  or  break  tlie 

3ly  used  and  are  so 
care  to  insert  the 


quality;  beans  for 
1  carrots  or  Swed- 
circumstances,  old 
y  persons  are  not 
lay  is  vastly  dearer 
quality — and  that 
It  is  so  neverthe- 
rticles  bargai'i  for 
digestion,  foulness 
jbility,  and  gland- 
archased  into  any 

the  advantage  of 
1  in  vogue  for  the 
are  apt  to  produce 
hard."  It  is  fur- 
em  with  an  appe- 
rther,  urging  that 
sary  to  perfect  di- 
fhich  are  bruised. 
18  supplier  a  very 
ig  derived  a  suffi- 
rate  portion,  does 


not  require  more.  With  reference  to  the  flow  of  the  saliva, 
without  entering  upon  the  qii  'on  how  far  it  is  necessary  to 
assist  digestion,  no  animal  can  -wallow  its  food  without  a  suffi- 
ciency of  saliva  to  assist  the  act  of  deglutition ;  and  it  is  not 
recommended  to  reduce  the  oats  to  flour,  but  merely  to  bruise 
them.  Many  persons  fancy  that  by  giving  oats  in  small  quan- 
tities, an<'.  spreading  them  thinly  over  the  manger,  the  horses 
will  be  induced  to  masticate  them.  Those  who  have  watched 
their  operations  will  find  that  a  greedy-feeding  horse  will  drive 
his  corn  up  into  a  heap,  and  collect  with  his  lips  as  much  u-*  he 
thinks  proper  for  a  mouthful. 

Little,  if  any,  advantage  arises  from  cutting  hay  into  chaff, 
especially  for  the  most  valuable  kind  of  horses.  It  is  done  in 
cart  stables  to  prevent  waste,  which  is  often  enormous  in  those 
departments  where  horses  are  permitted  to  pull  the  hay  out  of 
their  racks,  and  tread  it  under  foot. 

The  state  of  perfection  to  which  the  higher  classes  of  the 
horse  have  been  brought  in  this  country,  is  attributable  to  the 
great  fcujntion  devoted,  during  a  long  period  of  time,  to  the 
selection  of  the  best  descriptions  for  the  purpose  of  perpetuating 
the  species ;  the  treatment  they  have  received,  under  the  in- 
fluence of  a  propitious  climate ;  and  the  nature  of  the  food  with 
which  they  have  been  supplied;  greater  improvements  are 
capable  of  being  realized  by  judicious  management. 

With  reference  to  treatment,  and  the  climate  of  this  country, 
practical  experience  assures  us  that  the  atmosphere  is  suitable 
to  the  constitution  of  the  equine  tribe ;  but  the  vicissitudes  of 
the  elements  are  so  great,  that  protection  is  necessary  to  guard 
against  their  effects.  This  is  found  to  apply,  not  only  to  the 
horse,  but  to  all  others  of  our  domesticated  animals.  Warmth, 
in  connection  with  a  pure  and  uncontaminated  air,  is  of  the 
utmost  importance ;  but  it  is  not  necessary  to  enter  into  the 
details  by  which  that  desideratum  is  to  be  accomplished.  The 
subject  of  food  requires  more  minute  observations,  especially 
as  it  is  too  frequently  disregarded,  except  by  breeders  of  race- 
horses. 

The  great  perfection  of  the  physical  powers  of  the  horse  is 
obtained  by  the  due  proportion  and  constituent  elements  of 
muscular  fibre,  bone,  and  sinew ;  and  the  more  these  substances 
Vol.  II.-  -30 


466 


THE   H0B8B. 


are  respectively  condensed,  so  to  speak,  the  greater  the  amount 
of  power  will  there  exist  in  a  given  bulk.  Every  description 
of  food  which  is  said  to  contain  nutritive  properties,  abounds 
more  or  less,  and  in  various  proportions,  with  elernpnts  calcu- 
lated for  the  construction  of  the  diiferent  substances  of  which 
the  animal  frame  is  composed.  It  is  therefore  important  to  se- 
lect those  kinds  of  food  which  contain  the  most  of  these  parti- 
cles convert iole  into  substances  which  render  the  animal  of  the 
highest  value.  The  growth  of  animals,  the  development  of 
their  muscles,  the  texture  of  their  bones,  and  sinews,  depend 
greatly  upon  the  quality  of  the  food  with  which  they  are  sup- 
plied. Tliat  which  is  conducive  to  the  production  of  fat  must 
be  rejected;  for,  although  there  is  not  any  kind  of  food  which 
is  convertible  into  muscle  which  will  not  at  the  same  time  pro- 
duce fat,  there  are  many  circumstances  wlr  -h  render  different 
kinds  more  abundant  with  the  elements  of  either  substance. 
This  is  a  wise  ordination  of  nature,  for,  to  a  certain  extent,  fat  is 
essential  to  the  health  and  the  motive  powers  of  the  animal, 
but  in  excess  it  is  detrimental.  On  this  point  circumspection 
and  experience  are  valuable  acquirements  to  regulate  the  con- 
dition. When  a  horse  is  in  a  manifest  state  of  plethora,  it  is  a 
certain  indication  that  the  food  which  he  receives  abounds  too 
copiously  Avith  elements  conducive  to  the  production  of  the 
adipose  substance.  It  will  sometimes  happen  that  a  horse  does 
not  generate  a  suflSciency  of  fat ;  this  may  arise  from  indisposi- 
tion, the  bad  quality  of  the  food,  or  its  not  being  given  in  suffi- 
cient quantities. 

There  are  certain  laws  of  nature  indispensable  to  animal 
life,  certain  functions  which  must  be  supported.  Physiologists 
inform  us  that  the  nourishment  of  the  body  is  derived  from  the 
ingredients  of  the  blood,  two  of  the  principal  of  which  are 
serum  and  fibrine.  The  serum,  when  condensed  or  coagulated, 
foi-ms  albumen,  the  restorative  element  of  fat  and  muscular 
fibre ;  the  fibrine  contained  in  the  blood  contributes  largely  to 
the  formation  of  muscle  or  flesli.  Animal  and  vegetable  fibrine 
and  albumen  are  precisely  similar,  and  unless  they  form  compo- 
nent parts  of  the  food  the  animal  will  waste  away.  Fat,  mus- 
cular fibre,  and  certain  other  substances,  composing  the  animal 
frame,  are  constantly  imdergoing  the  process  of  exhaustion, 


NCTRmON   OF   VARIOUS    FOOD. 


467 


;reater  the  amount 
Every  description 
)roperties,  abounds 
h  elements  calcu- 
bstances  of  which 
e  important  to  se- 
ost  of  these  parti- 
•  the  animal  of  the 
e  development  of 
nd  sinews,  depend 
Inch  they  are  sup- 
action  of  fat  must 
cind  of  food  which 
he  same  time  pro- 
•h  render  different 
f  either  substance, 
ertain  extent,  fat  is 
ers  of  the  animal, 
int  circumspection 
regulate  the  con- 
of  plethora,  it  is  a 
;eives  abounds  too 
production  of  the 
n  that  a  horse  does 
rise  from  indisposi- 
eing  given  in  suffi- 

)Gnsable  to  animal 
ed.  Physiologists 
is  derived  from  the 
ipal  of  which  are 
ised  or  coagulated, 
fat  and  muscular 
itributes  largely  to 
d  vegetable  fibrine 
B  they  form  compo- 
3  away.  Fat,  mus- 
iposing  the  animal 
ess  of  exhaustion, 


through  the  effect  of  oxygen,  which  is  taken  into  the  system 
every  moment  of  life  by  means  of  the  organs  of  respiration. 
But  no  part  of  that  oxygen  remains  in  the  body ;  it  is  expelled 
in  the  form  of  carbon  and  hydrogen,  by  exhalations  from  the 
skin,  and  the  ordinary  evacuations.  The  expenditure  of  carbon 
and  hydrogen  is  increased  by  labor  or  exercise  in  an  equal 
ratio  as  the  number  of  exhalations  are  accelerated  by  that  ex- 
ercise. By  this  process  the  fat  and  muscular  fibre  are  constant- 
ly in  a  state  of  exhaustion  and  renewal,  and  are  supposed  to  be 
thoroughly  renewed  in  the  course  of  six  or  seven  months  ;  de- 
pendent, however,  upon  the  amount  of  labor,  and  the  uninter- 
rupted health  of  the  animal.  The  more  expeditiously  this 
renovation  of  the  system  takes  place,  the  more  perfect  will  be 
the  condition  of  the  subject.  It  is  therefore  evident  that  the 
nutritive  matter  supplied  by  the  food  must  exceed  the  exhaus- 
tion which  takes  place  in  young  animals,  to  occasion  their 
growth  and  increase  the  development  of  muscle  and  other  tis- 
sues, and  with  adults  it  must  be  equivalent  with  the  exhaustion 
to  maintain  the  animal  in  a  normal  state. 

It  has  been  ascertained  that  such  vegetable  food  as  affords 
nourishment  to  animals  abounds  most  with  nitrogen  ;  and  that 
they  require  the  least  of  those  kinds  which  contain  the  largest 
quantities.  But  here  it  must  be  observed  there  is  a  limit  to  the 
presentation  of  food  abounding  too  profusely  with  nutritive 
properties,  which  will  speedily  affect  the  animal  partaking 
thereof.  The  blood-vessels  will  become  distended,  and  other 
channels  overcharged  with  an  excess  of  their  fluid ;  and  upon 
the  slightest  appearance  of  the  symptoms  which  indicate  a  dis- 
ordered state  of  the  circulation,  unless  medicines  are  presented 
which  are  calculated  to  relieve  the  system  from  the  accumula- 
tion, aided  by  temporary  abstinence,  and  indeed  change  of 
food,  the  health  of  the  animal  is  sure  to  suffer. 

Professor  Playfair,  who  has  made  experiments  on  the  quan- 
tity of  nutritious  matter  contained  in  different  kinds  of  food 
supplied  to  animals,  found  that  in  one  hundred  lbs.  of  oats, 
eleven  lbs.  represent  the  quantity  of  gluten  wherewith  flesh  is 
formed,  and  that  an  equal  weight  of  hay  affords  eight  pounds 
of  similar  substance.  Both  hay  and  oats  contain  about 
sixty-eight  per  cent,  of  unazotised  matter  identical  with  fat,  of 


468 


THE  H0B8E. 


r-^ 


which  it  must  be  observed  a  vast  portion  passes  off  from  the 
animal  witliout  being  deposited.  By  this  calculation  it  appears 
that  if  a  horse  consume  daily  four  feeds  of  oats  and  ten  pounds 
of  hay,  the  nutriment  which  he  derives  will  be  equivalent  to 
about  one  pound  eleven  ounces  of  muscle,  and  thirteen  and  a 
half  pounds  of  superfluous  matter,  which,  exclusively  of  water, 
nearly  approximates  the  exhaustion  of  tlie  system  by  perspira- 
tion and  the  various  evacuations. 

Superficial  judges  of  horses  do  not  mark  the  difference  be- 
tween the  appearance  of  a  fat  and  of  a  muscular-formed  animal. 
If  the  bones  are  covered,  the  points  filled  out,  and  the  general 
contour  looks  pleasing  to  the  eye,  they  conceive  that  every  re- 
quisite is  accomplished.  A  more  fallacious  impression  cannot 
exist.  A  horse  of  very  moderate  pretensions,  if  in  perfect  con- 
dition, will  prove  himself  infinitely  superior  in  the  quality  of 
endui-ance  or  cnpability  to  perform  work,  than  one  of  a  higher 
character  which  is  not  in  condition.  If  two  horses  are  ridden 
side  by  side,  at  the  moderate  pace  of  seven  or  eight  miles  in 
the  hour,  on  a  warm  day  in  the  summer,  one  of  which  has  been 
taken  out  of  a  grass  field,  and  the  other  fed  on  hay  and  corn,  the 
difference  will  be  very  soon  detected.  The  grass-fed  horse  will 
perspire  profusely,  yet  the  other  will  be  cool  and  dry.  This 
propensity  to  perspire  likewise  proves  that  the  system  of  the 
former  is  replete  with  adipose  deposit,  and  fluids  destined  to 
produce  that  substance  an  unnecessary  encumbrance,  and  in 
such  quantities  opposed  to  freedom  of  action. 

Under  an  impression  that  an  abundance  of  luxuriant  grass 
will  increase  the  flow  of  milk,  it  is  frequently  given  to  brood 
mares,  but,  if  it  have  the  effect  of  producing  relaxation,  it  is  ex- 
ceedingly prejudicial.  A  moderate  portion  of  good  milk  is  far 
preferable  to  that  which  is  weak  and  poor.  Thoroughbred 
mares  are  not  unfrequently  deficient  in  their  lacteal  secretions, 
more  so  than  those  of  a  common  description.  It  is  obviously 
necessary  that  either  class  should  be  supplied  with  good  and 
nutritious  food,  for  the  purpose  of  augmenting  it  when  insuflS- 
cient,  but  the  nature  of  the  food  requires  to  be  regulated  by  the 
constitution  of  the  individual. 


tiLrS'k'i , 


asses  off  from  the 
dilation  it  appears 
ate  and  ten  pounds 
l;e  equivalent  to 
nd  thirteen  and  a 
clusively  of  water, 
rstera  by  perspira- 

the  difference  be- 
ar-formed animal, 
t,  and  the  geheral 
ive  that  every  re- 
impression  cannot 
,  if  in  perfect  con- 
in  the  quality  of 
n  one  of  a  higher 
horses  are  ridden 
or  eight  miles  in 
of  which  has  been 
hay  and  com,  the 
;rass-fed  horse  will 
3l  and  dry.    This 
the  system  of  the 
fluids  destined  to 
umbrance,  and  in 

of  luxuriant  grass 
y  given  to  brood 
elaxation,  it  is  ex- 
'  good  milk  is  far 
'.  Thoroughbred 
lacteal  secretions. 
It  is  obviously 
i  with  good  and 
?  it  when  insuffi- 
regulated  by  the 


WAXEEINO  THE   H0E8B.  469 


OBNBBAL   HANAQEMENT   OF   HORSES. 

The  watering  of  the  horse  is  a  very  important  but  disre- 
garded portion  of  his  general  management.  The  kind  of  water 
has  not  been  sufficiently  considered.  The  difference  between 
what  is  termed  hai'd  and  soft  water  is  a  circumstance  of  general 
observation.  The  former  contains  certain  saline  principles  which 
decompose  some  bodies,  as  appears  in  the  curdling  of  soap,  and 
prevent  the  decomposition  of  others,  as  in  the  making  of  tea, 
the  boiling  of  vegetables,  and  the  process  of  brewing.  It  is 
natural  to  suppose  that  these  different  kinds  of  water  would 
produce  somewhat  different  effects  on  the  animal  frame ;  and 
such  is  the  fact.  Hard  water,  freshly  drawn  from  the  well, 
will  frequently  roughen  the  coat  of  the  horse  unaccustomed  to 
it,  or  cause  griping  pains,  or  materially  lessen  the  animal's 
power  of  exertion.  The  racing  and  the  hunting  groom  are  per- 
fectly aware  of  this  ;  and  so  is  the  horse,  for  he  will  refuse  the 
purest  water  from  the  well,  if  he  can  obtain  access  to  the 
running  stream,  or  even  the  turbid  pool.  Where  there  is  the 
power  of  choice,  the  softer  water  should  undoubtedly  be  pre- 
ferred. 

The  temperature  of  the  water  is  of  far  more  consequence 
than  its  hardness.  It  will  rarely  harm,  if  taken  from  the  pond 
or  the  running  stream,  but  its  coldness  when  recently  drawn 
from  the  well  has  often  been  injurious ;  it  has  produced  colic, 
spasm,  and  even  death. 

There  is  often  considerable  prejudice  against  the  horse  being 
fairly  supplied  with  water.  It  is  supposed  to  chill  him,  to  in- 
jure his  wind,  or  to  incapacitate  him  for  hard  work.  It  cer- 
tainly would  do  so  if,  immediately  after  drinking  his  fill,  he 
were  galloped  hard,  but  not  if  he  were  suffered  to  quench  his 
thirst  more  frequently  when  at  rest  in  the  stable.  The  horse, 
that  has  free  access  to  water,  will  not  drink  so  much  in  the 
course  of  a  day  as  another,  who,  in  order  to  cool  his  parched 
mouth,  swallows  as  fast  as  he  can,  and  knows  not  when  to  stop. 

A  horse  may,  with  perfect  safety,  be  far  more  liberally  sup- 
plied with  water  than  he  generally  is.  An  hour  before  his 
work  commences,  he  should  be  permitted  to  drink  a  couple 


mmm. 


i^3g&5l«i. 


470 


THE  HORSE. 


of  quarts,  A  greater  quantity  might  probabl/  be  objected 
to.  He  will  perform  his  task  far  more  pleasantly  and  ef- 
fectively than  with  a  i)arched  mouth  and  tormenting  'Jiirat. 
The  prejudice  both  of  the  lumting  and  tlie  training  groom  on 
this  point  is  cruel,  as  well  as  injurious.  Tiie  task  or  the  jour- 
ney being  accomplished,  and  the  horse  having  had  his  head 
and  neck  dressed,  his  legs  and  feet  washed,  before  his  body  ib 
cleaned  he  should  have  his  water.  When  dressed,  his  corn 
may  be  offered  to  him,  which  ho  will  readily  take ;  but  water 
should  never  be  given  immediately  before  or  after  the  coi*n. 

CONDITION. 

It  would  be  incompatible  with  the  limits  of  this  work  to 
enter  into  voluminous  details  of  the  racing  stables  j  but  some 
leading  remarks  on  the  condition  of  hunters  and  all  other  kinds 
of  working  horses  are  requisite.  Tlie  treatment  of  hunters  has 
been  vastly  improved  since  it  vn3  discovered  that  turning  them 
out  to  grass  during  the  summer  mt^nths  was  highly  prejudicial 
to  their  future  peiformancos.  When  the  hunting  season  has 
terminated,  rest  is  acceptable  to  most  horses,  and  that  cannot 
oe  conceded  to  them  more  conveniently  than  in  a  loose  box, 
with  a  yard  into  which  they  may  be  enlarged  daily.  Tlie  state 
of  each  animal  will  determine  the  necessity  for  physic,  or  any 
applications  in  the  way  of  blisters  or  counteractants  to  the  legs. 
A  moderate  allowance  of  corn  is  indispensable,  witli  a  suffi- 
ciency of  hay,  but  not  so  much  of  either  as  to  occasion  plethora. 
Water  should  8lw.a}'8  be  at  hand.  Enough  has  been  introduced 
in  these  pages  on  the  ill  effects  of  greon  succulent  lierbage ; 
those  who  desire  to  have  their  hunters  in  first-rate  condition, 
will  reject  it,  except  in  very  small  quantities  for  certain  pur- 
poses. Towards  the  latter  end  of  August,  one  or  two  doses  of 
mild  physic  will  render  the  subject  in  a  proper  state  for  grad- 
ually increased  exercise  ;  and  very  few  which  have  been  treated 
in  this  manner  will  require  the  abuse  of  sweating — imperative 
with  those  which  have  been  fattened  with  grass.  Tlius  the  legs 
end  constitutions  are  exonerated  from  much  injury  and  incon- 
venienco.  Two  or  three  hours'  Talking,  and  occasional  trotting 
exercise  daily,  with  a  steady  gallop  from  two  to  three  miles 


P 


CONDITION. 


471 


ahl/  be  objected 
loasantly  and  ef- 
lonnLMiting  'Jiirat, 
•.lining  <^room  on 
task  or  the  jour- 
ing  liad  liis  head 

fore  hJB  body  ia 
dreseed,  his  corn 

take ;  but  water 
after  the  corn. 


8  of  this  work  to 
stables  ^  but  some 
.nd  all  other  kinds 
ent  of  hunters  has 
that  turning  them 
highly  prejudicial 
iinting  season  has 
b,  and  that  cannot 
n  in  a  loose  box, 
I  daily.  Tlie  state 
for  physic,  or  any 
ictants  to  the  legs, 
able,  with,  a  suffi- 
occasion  plethora. 
18  been  introduced 
iicculent  herbage ; 
rst-rate  condition, 
3  for  certain  pur- 
3  or  two  doses  of 
er  state  for  grad- 
have  been  treated 
ating — imperative 
68.  TIius  the  legs 
injury  and  incon- 
jccasional  trotting 
wo  to  three  miles 


twice  or  thrice  a  week,  as  the  season  approaches,  will  complete 
the  purj)06e.  Clipping  or  singeing  has  now  become  bo  general, 
that  il  is  scarcely  necessary  to  make  a  comment  upon  the  ad- 
vantages tlioy  afford  ;  and  to  a  certain  extent,  dependent  upon 
the  length  of  coat,  one  or  other  of  the  operations  is  indispensa- 
ble. It  enables  the  servants  to  dress  the  lioraes  with  so  much 
more  expedition  when  they  return  home  after  the  fatigues  of 
the  da;  When  the  country  is  very  deep  and  wet,  and  the 
horse's  coat  is  covered  with  clay,  or  other  adhesive  soil,  the 
plan  of  washing  the  animal  all  over  with  warm  water  imme- 
diately on  his  return  to  his  stables  is  recommended.  It  is  a 
great  object  to  dress  a  tired  hunter  as  expeditiously  as  possible, 
and  two  men  should  always  be  employed  for  that  purpose.  The 
ordeal,  which  the  hunter  undergoes  preparatory  to  his  work,  is 
often  inconsistent.  On  the  previous  day  the  hay  should  be 
moderately  apportioned,  regulated  by  the  constitution  of  the 
animal.  On  the  morning  of  hunting  he  should  be  allowed 
from  six  to  eight  go-downs  of  water,  according  to  the  distance 
he  may  have  to  travel  to  the  place  of  meeting,  and  two  feeds 
of  corn  is  as  much  as  he  will  require.  On  his  return  to  his 
stable,  he  should  have,  immediately  that  the  bridle  is  removed 
from  his  head,  half  a  bucket  of  gruel,  prepared  with  linseed, 
oatmeal,  or  wheat  flour,  which  requires  to  be  boiled,  and  a 
plentiful  allowance  of  bran  mash. 

The  preparatory  work  and  treatment  of  hacks  and  carriage' 
horses  scarcely  varies,  if  the  owner  desires  to  have  them  in  first- 
rate  order.  The  most  extraordinary  notions  prevail  concerning 
the  hardihood  of  horses,  and  the  best  means  of  securing  that 
valuable  faculty.  It  is  alleged  that  those  which  are  bred  in  the 
mountainous  districts  of  Wales  and  Scotland  are  highly  gifted 
with  this  property.  It  is  true  they  bear  exposure  to  great  in- 
clemency of  weather,  and  live  on  scanty  food.  Thus,  reasoning 
by  analogy,  persons  fancy  that  by  demi-starvation  and  expo- 
sure to  inclemency  a  hardy  animal  may  be  reared.  There  can- 
not be  a  more  palpable  error.  ITie  mountaineers  are  not  able 
to  work  in  their  native  state ;  they  must  be  well  supplied  with 
good  nutriment,  when  their  active  services  are  required,  and 
that,  with  dry  shelter,  in  a  well-ventilated  building,  is  the  key- 
stone to  physical  power  and  endurance. 


479 


THE  B0R8B. 


MANAOEMKNT   OF  FAKM   HOKSES. 

Agriculturists  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  keep  their  lioreeB 
in  the  stables  and  yards  tliroughout  the  summer,  In  proferenco 
to  turning  them  out  into  the  pasture-fields,  TJie  manure  which 
tliey  mal^e  more  than  compensates  for  tlie  expense  of  bringing 
their  food  to  them.  In  the  winter,  an  allowance  of  turnij)8 
aaves  a  vast  quantity  of  hay  and  oats,  and  keeps  the  animals 
cool;  they  are  preferable  to  currots.  Bran  is  useful,  but  it 
should  never  be  given  to  them,  or  to  any  other  horses,  without 
being  previously  scalded.  Carters  have  a  most  repreiiensible 
practice  of  drivinjj  their  horses  into  ponds  to  drink,  while  at- 
tached to  each  other  by  their  gearing  or  harness  ;  many  have 
been  drowned  in  consequence.  This  class  of  men  have  also  a 
most  abominable  propensity  for  giving  drugs  of  various  kinds; 
a  stern  injunction  should  be  laid  against  it.  The  plan  of  cut- 
ting their  hay  into  chatf  is  to  be  recommended,  as  it  saves 
waste ;  where  this  is  not  done,  the  quantity  of  food  destroyed, 
but  not  consumed,  in  cart  stables  is  enormous. 


NEW   MODE   OF  SUMMERING   IN   THE   STABLES. 

This  plan,  frst  suggested  in  England  by  the  celebrated 
sporting  writer  known  as  Nimrod,  with  a  view  to  retaining 
hunters  in  condition,  and  bringing  them  back  to  their  work  with 
less  trouble  than  under  the  old  method  of  turning  ouc  to  grass, 
is  strongly  recommended  to  horse  keepers  in  this  country. 

The  extreme  heat  of  the  summer:,,  which  parches  and  de- 
stroys the  pastures  and  renders  the  soil  almost  as  hard  as  pave- 
ment, except  in  marshy  situations  where  the  myriads  of  flies 
and  mosquitoes  torment  a  horse's  very  life  out,  renders  it,  in 
my  opinion,  highly  inexpedient  and  even  dangerous  to  turn 
horses  out  to  grass  during  the  hot  weather.  In  ninety-nine 
cases  out  of  a  hundred,  they  are  brought  up  again  in  woi-se 
plight  than  they  went  out,  and  with  ".eir  systems  debilitated, 
not  reinvigorated. 

Summering.— Until  within  the  last  thirty  or  xorty  years, 
huntei-s  were  almost  always  turned  out  as  soon,  as  the  fii-st  £  "ass 


BUHMKRINO    HORBGS. 


478 


)  keep  their  lioraes 
ner,  In  preference 
riie  manure  which 
penso  of  bringing 
>wance  of  turnips 
ceeps  the  animals 
is  useful,  but  it 
3r  horses,  without 
lost  repreiiensible 
)  drink,  while  at- 
•ness ;  many  l.iave 
men  have  also  a 
of  various  kinds; 
The  plan  of  cut- 
nded,  as  it  saves 
>f  food  destroyed, 


rABLES. 

J  the  celebrated 
'^iew  to  retaining 
;o  their  work  with 
ning  ouc  to  grass, 
his  country, 
parches  and  de- 
;  as  hard  as  pave- 
I  myriads  of  flies 
ut,  renders  it,  in 
mgerous  to  turn 
In  ninety-nine 
)  again  in  woi-se 
tems  debilitated, 

or  xbrty  years, 
as  the  &rst  £  "ass 


showed  itself,  and  this  kind  of  food  was  considered  a  panacea 
for  all  their  complaints.  After  being  kept  in  a  warm  stable  all 
the  winter,  and  their  coats  made  as  fine  as  possible,  thoy  were 
stripped  of  their  clothing  as  rapidly  us  their  owners  dare,  and 
turned  out,  often  without  any  hovel  to  run  into  in  cold  and  wet 
weather.  The  result  was  frequently  that  in  the  autunm  they 
came  up  broken-winded,  or  sometimes  they  died  in  the  seaeon- 
;ing;  and  in  all  cases,  if  healthy,  they  were  fat,  pursy,  and  un- 
wieldy, and  required  nearly  the  whole  of  the  hunting  season  to 
fit  them  for  tiie  \s  .rk  Ihey  had  to  do.  Certainly,  for  fhr\  pace 
our  forefathers  rode,  a  grass-horse,  if  fed  with  corn  also,  as  was 
often  done,  was  capable  of  keeping  his  place  through  a  run, 
though  with  a  liberal  display  of  lather ;  but  as  it  is  notorious 
that  a  horse  in  training  requires  six  months,  after  leaving  the 
grass-field,  to  prepare  him  even  for  a  moderate  race,  and  as  it  is 
also  well  known  that  a  fust  thing  with  hounds  is  still  more  try- 
ing than  a  race,  so  it  is  evident  that  this  fast  thing  will  require 
sometliing  more  than  grass-fed  horseflesh  to  carry  the  possessor 
safely  through  it.  Hence,  the  plan  has  been  almost  universally 
abandoned,  in  great  measure  owing  to  the  writings  of  "  Nim- 
rod" — Mr.  Apperley — on  the  subject,  and  the  hunter  is  now 
almost  always  summered  in  a  loose  box.  Besides,  there  are  other 
objections  to  turning  a  hunter  out  at  this  season  of  the  year.  It 
is  generally  the  case  that  his  legs  and  feet — sometimes  one  or 
the  other,  somb.lmes  all — are  inflamed  and  require  rest,  blister- 
ing, firing,  &c.  Now,  if  this  be  the  case,  the  turning  out  only 
aggravates  the  mischief,  because  these  horses  are,  of  all  others, 
the  most  excited  by  liberty,  from  their  associating  it  with  their 
usual  occupations,  and  gallop  about,  battering  their  legs  on  the 
hard  ground,  until  the  original  mischief  is  made  ten  times 
greater.  If  legs  or  feet  are  to  be  mended  by  turning  out,  this 
oxight  either  to  be  done  in  the  winter,  or  into  marshes,  which  are 
objectionable,  because  they  are  peculiarly  opposed  to  the  future 
hard  condition  of  the  horse.  Upland  grasses  make  the  horse 
flabby  enough,  but  marsh  grass  is  ten  times  worse.  I  have 
turned  out  many  horses  in  the  summer  myself,  when  lame,  but 
I  never  found  them  to  be  improved  by  it,  and  some  have  been 
utterly  ruined  by  their  galloping  over  the  hard  turf.  If  they 
must  go  out  they  should  be  fettered,  which  stops  their  gallops, 


474 


TFi:    HOK8E. 


and  is  a  very  good  j»rev'  •♦'ve  at  this  senaon  of  tlio  year.    Tlie 
Niinrodiaii  plan  is  ,/g; — ^Tho  liorse  \h  gnuliinlly  cooled 

down,  by  taking  itF  iiis  flotliing  by  dcgrooH,  and  by  ubHtmctiiHr 
liirt  corn,  i)artially  or  entirely,  giving  pliyhie,  Ac,  itc. ;  all 
which  will  re(i\iiro  nearly  a  month,  or  until  the  niidillo  of  May  ; 
lie  is  then  to  bo  put  into  a  large,  roomy,  and  airy  loose  box, 
with  the  upper  half  of  the  door  capable  of  being  constantly  left 
open,  or  with  a  strong  chain  put  across  the  door  posts,  the  door 
being  li'ft  entirely  open,  which  is  better  still,  because  it  allows 
of  a  free  circulation  of  air.  When  thoroughly  cooled  down,  the 
legs  nniy  be  blistered  or  dressed  with  jiny  of  the  numerous  ap- 
plications which  will  be  hereafter  described.  Tan  is  the  best 
nuiterialfor  the  floor  of  tlie  box,  and  if  thickly  spread,  serves  all 
the  jjurposes  of  litter,  whilst  it  keeps  the  feet  cool.  Italian  rye 
or  Lucerne,  or  ordiiuiry  grass,  nuiy  be  given,  at  first  mixed  with 
an  equal  quantity  of  hay,  but  when  the  horse  is  accustomed  to 
them,  forming  the  entire  food.  Vetches  I  am  not  fond  of  for 
horses  doing  no  work.  If  young,  they  are  irritating  to  the  bow- 
els, and  do  notiiing  but  scour  them  ;  and  if  old,  they  are  strong 
and  heating.  For  coach-horses  at  work,  when  given  with  corn, 
they  answer  better  than  grass,  especially  when  the  pods  are 
fully  developed  ;  but  for  summering  the  hunter,  I  prefer  some 
of  the  grasses  or  clovers,  which  are  not  nearly  so  heating  as 
vetches.  The  shoes  may  be  taken  off,  and  the  feet  pared  out 
nicely,  removing  all  broken  pieces  of  horn,  and  cutting  out  any 
sand  cracks,  seedy  toes,  &c.,  to  the  quick,  so  as  to  allow  them  to 
be  radically  cured  at  this  time  of  complete  rest.  If  the  horse  is 
tolerably  young  and  hearty,  he  will  do  better  for  a  month  or 
two  without  any  corn  at  all ;  and  during  that  time  he  will  have 
recovered  from  the  inflammatory  condition  of  the  system  which 
high  feeding  inevitably  produces.  The  blistering,  firing,  or 
other  j'emedies,  have  now  done  their  work,  and  the  legs  are  re- 
duced in  size,  with  all  their  old  lumps  and  bumps  alrnost  entirely 
gone.  This  will  bo  accomplished  by  the  end  of  July,  or  some- 
times, when  the  legs  are  very  stale,  a  month  later ;  until  which 
time  the  corn  is  still  forbidden,  or  only  given  in  small  quanti- 
ties, and  the  whole  attention  is  turned  to  the  removal  of  the 
eflects  of  the  thorns  and  battering  blows  which  the  ^.egs  and  feet 
have  sustained  during  the  previous  season.    But  it  is  by  this 


iwiiiimriMf' 


I( 


of  tlio  yonr.     Tlie 
:,'m(liially  cooUmI 

uiiil  hy  ul»Htractii<g 
Ac,   itc. ;    ail 

le  iiiidillo  of  May  ; 

ml  airy  Iooho  hox, 

iiig  coiiHtantly  left 

Dor  jtoHtw,  the  doftr 
•(■cause  it  allows 

Y  cooled  down,  tlio 

till!  iiuinerons  ap- 

Tau  is  the  best 

spread,  serves  all 

cool.     Italian  ryo 
at  first  mixed  with 

c  is  accustomed  to 
un  not  fond  of  for 
itatiiif,'  to  the  bow- 
kl,  they  are  strong 
n  given  with  corn, 
hen  tho  pods  are 
Iter,  I  prefer  some 
irly  BO  heating  as 
he  feet  pared  out 
id  cutting  out  any 
18  to  allow  them  to 
it.  If  the  horse  is 
3r  for  a  month  or 

time  he  will  have 

the  system  which 
stering,  firing,  or 
d  the  legs  are  re- 
ips  almost  entirely 
of  July,  or  Bome- 
ater ;  until  which 

in  small  quanti- 
le  removal  of  the 
I  the  i.egs  and  feet 

But  it  is  by  this 


BUHMKItlNO    IIOKBRH. 


475 


time  necesBftry  to  begin  to  restore  the  corn,  and  to  leave  off  par- 
tially or  entirely  the  green  food.  By  the  end  of  August,  at 
latest,  hay  should  form  the  principal  kind  of  fodder,  with  two 
feeds  of  oats,  or  thereal)oufH,  according  to  the  flesliineHs  of  tho 
horee.  If  he  is  much  wasted,  more  must  be  given,  and  if  the  re- 
verse, one  feed  a  day  will  be  enough.  The  shoes  may  now  bo 
tacked  on,  and  the  horse  walked  out  regidarly  every  morning 
on  the  grass  for  an  hour  or  two.  In  tho  middle  of  Sei)tember 
the  training  for  the  hunting  season  begins,  and  at  that  time  the 
summering  may  be  considered  at  an  end.  Water  should  be 
constantly  supplied  during  the  whole  summer  in  the  box,  so 
that  the  liorse  may  drink  when  thirsty.  The  coat  is  left  entirely 
undressed.  Physic  will  be  required  two  or  three  times,  or 
oftener  if  the  stomach  is  much  upset  by  the  long-C(mtinued  work 
and  fasts  of  tho  previous  winter.  Nothing  tries  the  constitution 
of  tho  horse  more  than  these  long  fasts,  which  aro  not  suited  ^-o 
his  small  stomach;  this,  from  its  size,  requires  to  be  replenished 
every  four  hours  at  most,  yet  it  is  often  six,  eight,  or  ten  before 
the  tired  hunter  gets  even  a  bucket  of  gruel,  and  no  wonder, 
then,  that  he  requires  a  fortnight  to  come  round  for  a  similar 
day's  work.  Condition  balls,  «fec.,  &c.,  will  rarely  be  required  ; 
but  sometimes,  in  spite  of  all  the  green  food  and  other  adjuncts, 
the  stomach  remains  obstinately  out  of  order,  ""nd  tho  foodseemb 
to  do  no  good.  Here  a  stimulus  or  stomachii.  is  required,  and  a 
warm  cordial  stomach-ball,  once  or  twice  a  wck,  will  be  of  great 
service.     See  Diseases  of  the  Uorse. 

EDrrORIAL    NOTES. 

'  (P.  440.)  We  are  satisfied  that  the  curry-comb  is  one  of  the  moat  cruel  and 
barbarous  instruments  ever  used  in  cleaning  the  horse.  Vhe  honie's  skin  is 
more  sensitive  than  man's,  and  in  proof  of  this  spirits  of  turpentine  applied  to 
the  horse's  skin  will  blister,  while  applied  to  man's  it  is  comparatively  harm- 
less. Still  this  cruel  instrument  is  applied  without  stint  to  the  horse's  coat,  to 
the  great  pain  of  the  horse,  aid  often  to  the  destruction  of  his  temper. 


•mtm 


RIDING,  DRIVING,  AND  ROAD  MANAGEMENT. 

It  tjnnnot  bo  expected  that  n  novlco  can  bo  instnictod  by  any 
written  rulos,  liow  to  becoiuo  a  practical  rider  and  driver,  any 
more  than  ho  can  how  t.>  sail  a  bout,  or  to  kill  double  bhote,  to 
a  certainty,  on  tho  wing. 

The  more  skill  in  nuinaging  and  controlling  tho  animals, 
under  the  saddle,  or  before  a  vehicle  of  any  kind,  can  bo  ac- 
quired oidy  by  bogiiming  young,  under  good  instructors,  and 
pt  ovoring  attentively  until  habit  and  experience  have  become 
second  nature. 

Even  thus,  there  are  some  men  so  constituted,  that,  whether 
from  constitutional  nervousness  and  timidity,  want  of  temper, 
tact,  judgment,  or  of  the  peculiar  talent  vrJiich  enal)lo8  others 
»t  onco  to  acquire  command  over  the  fears  and  affections  of 
aaimals,  they  can  no'or,  eitiier  in  tho  saddle  or  on  the  driving 
box,  become  more  ban  tho  most  moderate  performers,  awk- 
ward in  manner  and  appearance,  alike,  ungraceful,  aud,  to  a 
great  extent,  inapt  to  the  task  they  have  undertaken. 
^  Others,  again,  have  a  faculty,  or  gain  a  power  from  the 
first,  so  easily  that  it  seems  like  instinct,  which  they  never  lose, 
even  by  desuetude  or  neglect,  and  which,  one  might  almost 
say,  constitutes  them  at  once  horsemen,  so  soon  as  they  come 
in  contact  with  a  horse. 
/  In  some  sort,  genius  of  a  particular  kind  is  necessary  to 

/  the  attainment  of  great  excellence  in  this,  as  in  many  other 
/  arts ;  and  a  man,  to  be  a  pre-eminent  rider,  or  a  first-rate  whip, 
I  as  to  be  a  poet,  a  musician,  a  crack-shot,  or  a  general,  must  be 
I       born  such,  first,  and,  then  be  led  on  step  by  step,  ab  ovo. 


WiH 


ROAD   MANAUK.MKNT. 


4W 


^AGEMENT. 

Htnictod  by  any 

r  uiul  driver,  any 

dfniblo  Bliots,  to 

ing  tho  nnirnale, 

kind,  can  bo  ac- 

instnictors,  and 

iico  linvo  become 

ed,  tliat,  whether 
want  of  temper, 
1  enables  otliera 
md  aftections  of 
>r  on  tlie  driving 
performers,  awk- 
uceful,  and,  to  a 
aken. 

power  from  the 
they  never  lose, 
le  might  almost 
)n  as  they  come 

is  necessary  to 
in  many  other 
I  first-rate  whip, 
eneral,  must  be 
>,  ab  ovo. 


What  I  have  flioiiglit  it  adviHablo  to  nay,  uiyHolf,  or  to  com- 
pile fnttri  tli«(  wiirkH  of  otlu-rs  in  relation  to  riding,  hart  lu'cn 
givcMi  under  the  hoadrt  of  ilrcakitig,  of  Ihiucher^H  JIorHcnmn- 
ship,  Ac,  and  will,  I  bolicvc,  be  foitnd  to  contain  all  that  i« 
ru'eded  on  the  Hubj«'ct.  I'l  regard,  however,  to  driving,  nothing 
Hiniilar  can  be  written  or  tauglit;  aiul  though  I  might  tell  a  num 
how  to  hold  hirt  reins,  on  which  side  to  mount  his  driving  Heat, 
and  on  which  hand  to  take  Iuh  place,  all  would  be  to  no  effect; 
and  it  nuiy  be  saiil  in  a  few  wohIh,  that  there  is  no  way  of  learn- 
ing to  become  an  excellent  driver,  except^  by  sitting,  often, 
alongside  of  a  tirHt-rate  whip,  listening  to  his  instruct ion.s,  and 
watching  his  numipulation  of  both  whip  and  ribbons  for  many  a 
day  before  attem})ting  to  assume  either,  and,  when  that  is  done, 
by  working  |)atiently  under  his  instructions,  until  such  time  as 
ho  shall  pronounce  his  pupil  capable  to  go  alone. 

In  no  other  }iui"s\nt  is  it  so  necessary  for  one  to  learn  how  to 
stand,  before  he  can  go,  and  to  go  before  he  can  rim,  as  it  is  in 
driving. 

With  regard,  liowever,  to  management  on  tho  road,  some 
advice  may  be  given,  which  will  bo  advantageous  to  all  novices, 
and  to  many  of  those,  even,  who  consider  themselves  horsemen, 
and  whips  of  no  common  standing. 

It  is  so  common,  that  no  person  who  has  seen  much  of  trav- 
elling on  roads,  either  in  the  saddle  or  in  vehicles,  can  fail  to 
observe  it,  that  one  man  will  get  his  hackney,  his  wagon-horse, 
or  his  team,  over  his  ground,  to  any  given  distance,  at  a  rapid 
rate  of  travelling,  say  ten  or  twelve  miles  an  hour,  without  dis- 
tressing him,  or  them,  at  all ;  while  another,  at  an  inferior  pace, 
will  have  his  animals  worn  out  before  half  the  distance  is  ac- 
complished. 

Tills  arises  from  several  causes ;  tho  possession  by  tho  one 
of  judgment  of  pace,  judgment  of  ground,  quick  perception  of 
the  manner  of  his  horse's  or  his  team's  working,  suflBcient  skill 
in  driving  his  ho''8es  to  avoid  worrying  them,  and,  if  he  be 
using  two,  or  four,  to  make  ail  work  evenly  and  alike ;  keeping 
the  slow  and  lazy  animal  well  up  to  his  collar,  and  tho  willing, 
eager  animal,  hard  on  his  bit ;  add  to  this,  the  knowledge  how 
to  nurse,  comfort  and  care  for  a  horse  on  the  road,  and  we  have 
all  that  is  necessary  to  constitute  a  good  horse-mabter. 


11 


478 


THE  H0K8E. 


The  first  thing  towards  accomplishing  a  journey  well,  and 
m  good  style  and  good  time,  is  to  start  well ;  and,  in  order  to 
do  that,  tlie  horse  or  horses  to  be  used,  being  presupposed  to 
be  in  good  condition,  should  have  been  fed  and  watered  long 
enough  before  the  hour  of  starting  to  liave  digested  their  food  ; 
that  is  to  say,  to  have  passed  it  from  the  stomach  into  the  intes- 
tines, so  that  there  shall  be  no  danger  of  foundering  the  horse, 
or  breaking  his  wind,  by  driving  him  when  he  is  in  nowise  fit 
to  be  driven. 

When  this  is  all  right,  it  is  still  advisable  that  the  driver 
should,  on  first  taking  his  horses  in  hand,  let  them  jog  along 
gently  for  the  first  mile  and  a  half  of  their  journey,  and  he  will 
generally  see  the  animals  clearing  their  bowels  and  throwing 
off  the  digested  remains  of  the  last  meal ;  by  the  appearance 
and  consistence  of  which  he  will  readily  judge  of  the  fitness 
of  his  horse,  or  team,  for  the  work,  which  he  or  they,  has,  or 
have  to  perform. 

While  on  the  road,  the  first  thing  and  the  most  necessary  to 
inculcate,  because  generally  unknown  or  misunderstood,  is  that, 
next  to  a  continual  ascent,  the  hardest  road  on  which  horses 
can  possibly  travel,  is  a  long  dead  level — ^for  the  reasons,  first, 
that  there  is  a  necessity  for  a  constant  pressure  into  the  collar, 
in  order  to  keep  the  traces  tight  and  the  vehicle  in  motion, 
since  the  friction  will  prevent  the  best  running  carriage,  that 
can  be  built,  from  following ;  and  second — this  being  applicable 
as  much  to  working  under  the  saddle  as  to  going  in  harness — 
that  the  same  set  of  muscles  are  kept  continually  at  work,  in- 
stead of  one  set  being  relieved  by  another,  which  is  brought 
into  play  alternately  in  the  ascent  and  descent  of  hills. 

There  having  been  a  long  standing  dispute  on  this  question, 
it  was  solved,  some  years  since,  by  the  officers  of  one  of  her 
Majesty's  regiments,  quartered  at  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick, 
who  instituted  a  series  of  experiments  with  a  number  of  horses, 
on  two  tracks,  each  of  fifty  measured  miles,  one  on  the  road 
covered  with  snow,  undulating  over  hill  and  dale,  parallel  to  the 
river  St.  Johns,  and  the  other  on  the  snow-covered,  icy  surface 
of  the  river  itself ;  in  which  trials,  it  was  found  that  the  hoi-ses, 
which  had  proved  themselves  victorious  on  the  road,  were  in- 
variably beaten  on  the  river,  by  the  very  animals  which  had 


ROAD   DRIVINO. 


479 


a  journey  well,  and 
:;11 ;  and,  in  order  to 
ling  presupposed  to 
:1  and  watered  long 
digested  their  food ; 
mach  into  the  intes- 
undering  the  horse, 
I  he  is  in  nowise  fit 

iable  that  the  driver 
let  them  jog  along 
journey,  and  he  will 
)wel8  and  throwing 
by  the  appearance 
judge  of  the  fitness 
he  or  they,  has,  or 

le  most  necessary  to 
sunderstood,  is  that, 
ad  on  which  horses 
or  the  reasons,  first, 
lure  into  the  collar, 
vehicle  in  motion, 
ming  carriage,  that 
iiis  being  applicable 
going  in  harness- 
inually  at  work,  in- 
',  which  is  brought 
nt  of  hills, 
ite  on  this  question, 
cers  of  one  of  her 
n.  New  Brunswick, 
a  number  of  horses, 
18,  one  on  the  road 
dale,  parallel  to  the 
jovered,  icy  surface 
md  that  the  horses. 


failed  against  them  with  the  circumstances  reversed— and,  that, 
by  such  considerable  distances,  and  with  such  ease,  as  showed 
the  cause  to  be  indisputably  the  nature  of  the  surface. 

There  is  more  reason  for  dwelling  on  this  point,  because  it 
is  exactly  the  reverse  of  what  is  generally  believed  to  be  the 
case,  by  tyros ;  and  because  nothing  so  common  as  to  hear  it 
eaid— "  Oh  I  here  is  a  nice  stretch  of  ten  or  twelve  miles,  on  a 
dead  level ;  now  is  the  time  to  mnke  play  "—and  to  see  the 
string  administered,  and  the  hoi-ses  put  along  at  a  spanking 
pace,  over  ground  which  is  only  less  severe  than  a  direct,  up- 
hill dead-pull. 

On  a  gently  rolling  road,  by  letting  the  horses  go  down  the 
descent  at  a  good  fair  trot,  with  their  traces  loose,  a  little  faster 
than  it  is  necessary  in  order  to  keep  them  well  ahead  of  the 
carriage,  the  latter  will  have  gained  such  an  impetus  that  it  will 
follow  them  over  the  bottom  and  up  the  fii-st  part  of  the  next 
ascent,  by  its  own  previously  acquired  velocity ;  and  up  to,  and 
even  over,  the  top,  by  the  mere  tightening  of  the  traces,  with- 
out any  thing  like  a  hard  collar-pull. 

This  is  the  way  in  which  a  good  whip,  by  merely  holding 
his  horses  sufficiently  in  hand  to  prevent  their  breaking  away 
with  him,  or  coming  down  in  consequence  of  treading  on  a 
rolling  stone,  will  get  over  a  country  with  just  one-half  the 
distress  which  will  be  Inflicted  by  another  on  his  horses,  who, 
seeming  to  be  more  steady  and  more  cautious,  by  making  his 
team  hold  back  the  carriage,  when  there  is  no  occasion  to  do  so, 
will  give  them  the  unnecebsary  double  labor,  firet  of  holding 
back  the  descending,  and  then  dragging  forward  the  ascending, 
load,  by  dint  of  direct  expenditure  of  animal  power,  when,  if 
left  alone,  the  same  result  would  have  been  reached  by  almost 

natural  causes. 

In  regard  to  watering  horses,  again,  a  great  error  is  con- 
stantly made,  in  two  ways-first,  in  letting  a  horse  become 
partially  cool,  just  enough  to  be  half  shivering,  before  giving  it 
the  pail,  and  then  in  allowing  it  to  drink  a  bucket,  or  even  two 
buckets  full,  at  a  draught. 

Unless  water  is  intensely  cold  and  fresh  from  a  very  deep 
well,  there  is  no  danger  in  allowing  a  horse  to  take  a  few  swal 
lows,  while  he  is  in  a  glow  of  heat ;  provided  that  he  is  put  id 


'  <l 


480 


THB  H0B8E. 


motion  again  immediately  after  taking  them ;  unless  he  be 
exhausted,  and  in  a  state  of  collapse,  when  cold  water  is  almost 
certamly  fatal;  and  when  that  which  he  requires  is  a  drench 
of  sherry,  or  of  ale  with  a  dash  of  spirits  in  it. 

Once  in  ten  or  twelve  miles,  a  horse  travelling  fast,  say  from 
eight  to  twelve  miles  an  hour,  ought  to  be  watered,  with  from 
one  to  two  quarts  of  water.  And  it  is  an  excellent  plan  to  put 
in  a  couple  of  stable  spoonsful  of  salt  and  a  handful  of  oatmeal 
or  Indian  meal.  If  very  thirsty,  any  horse  will  readily  drink 
this ;  but  It  IS  highly  advisable  to  accustom  them  to  it,  as  thev 
will  soon  come  to  drink  it  in  the  form  of  thick  gruel;  by  doing 
which,  while  apparently  quenching  their  thirst  only,  they  will 
take  in  a  very  considerable  supply  of  nutriment,  enabling  them 
m  some  measure  to  dispense  with  a  portion  of  their  solid  sus- 
tenance. 

As  the  time  of  the  raid-day  halt,  at  which  it  is  intended  to 
teed,  approaches,  it  is  highly  desirable  to  slacken  and  moderate 
the  pace,  when  the  latter  end  of  the  last  stage  is  attained,  so  as 
to  bring  the  team  in   reasonably  cool,  or,  at  all  events,  not 
reeking  with  sweat.    Should  the  latter  be  their  condition,  it  is 
absolutely  and  invariably  necessary-in  any  case  it  is  particu- 
arly  advisable-to  remove  the  harness  at  once,  and  to  cause  the 
horse  or  horses  to  be  walked  to  and  fro  gently  in  the  shade 
where  there  may  happen  to  be  some  slight  motion  of  the  air- 
but  any  place  in  which  there  is  a  thorough  draft,  or  a  strong 
cold  breeze  blowing,  is  to  be  avoided  as  actually  dangerous     It 
18  hardly  necessary,  I  presume,  to  add,  that  the  practice,  too 
often  resorted  to  by  ignorant  hostlers  and  helpers,  in  country 
tavern  stables  especially,  of  riding  hot  and  weary  horses,  just  as 
they  come  off  a  stage  or  journey,  into  a  cold  pond  or  river  up 
to  their  bellies,  under  the  impression  that  they  are  washing  off  ^ 
the  dirt  and  sweat,  is,  in  the  last  degree,  prejudicial  and  dan- 
gerous. 

When  the  horses  are  cool,  they  may  be  moderately  watered, 
and  led  into  the  stable;  where,  if  dry  already,  they  should  be 
currycombed  and  nicely  wisped,  and  their  legs  brushed  and 
hand-rubbed.  If  still  wet,  they  should  be  rubbed  till  perfectly 
dry,  and  then,  being  slightly  dressed,  should  be  clothed  accord- 
mg  to  the  season,  and  fed  according  to  their  habit  and  capacity. 


hem;   unless  he  be 
cold  water  is  almost 
•equires  is  a  drench 
it. 

spelling  fast,  say  from 
i  watered,  with  from 
excellent  plan  to  put 
I  handful  of  oatmeal 
B  will  readily  drink 
thera  to  it,  as  they 
lick  gruel ;  by  doing 
lirst  only,  they  will 
nent,  enabling  them 
a  of  their  solid  sus- 

lich  it  is  intended  to 
cken  and  moderate 
;e  is  attained,  so  as 

at  all  events,  not 
their  condition,  it  is 

case  it  is  particu- 
36,  and  to  cause  the 
jntly  in  the  shade, 

motion  of  the  air  j 
h  draft,  or  a  strong 
illy  dangerous.  It 
it  the  practice,  too 
helpers,  in  country 
3ary  horses,  just  as 
1  pond  or  river,  up 
ey  are  washing  off  ^ 
ejudicialand  dan- 

>derately  watered, 
iy,  they  should  be 
legs  brushed  and 
bbed  till  perfectly 
be  clothed  accord- 
.abit  and  capacity. 


FEEDING   ON   THE   ROAD. 


481 


I  have  found  a  four-quart  feed  of  old  oats,  with  the  addition  of 
one  quart  of  old  Indian  corn,  an  excellent  noon  feed  for  horses 
on  hard  work.  At  least  half  an  hour  should  elapse  after  the 
horses  have  finished  their  feed,  before  they  are  again  put  to 
their  work  ;  and  when  they  a/e  on  the  road  again,  they  should 
be  driven  moderately  for  the  first  five  or  six  miles — if  for  tlie 
first  hour,  so  much  the  better. 

The  time  apparently  so  lost,  is  in  reality  gained,  as  the 
driver  will  perceive  before  he  reaches  the  end  of  his  journey, 
especially  if  it  be  one  of  many  days'  continuance.  The  same 
may  be  said  of  the  duration  of  the  noon  halt,  for  feeding.  It 
should  never  be  less  than  an  hour  and  a  half ;  and  if  it  be  of 
two  hours,  so  much  the  better.  The  risk  is  great  of  producing 
founder,  if  horses  be  full  fed  when  hot  and  weary,  and  nearly  as 
great  of  breaking  their  wmds,  if  they  be  driven  too  soon  after 
feeding,  before  their  stomachs  are  empty. 

If  horses  refuse  their  feed,  it  is  a  bad  sign.  Sometimes, 
especially  if  they  be  old  travellers,  and  up  to  the  tricks  of  the 
road,  they  may  be  cheated  into  eating  up  their  oats  by  harness- 
ing and  bridling  them,  omitting  only  to  put  the  bits  in  their 
mouths,  as  if  to  prepaz'e  for  an  immediate  start ;  when,  fearing 
to  lose  the  end  of  their  meal,  they  will  often  eat  up,  in  a  few 
minutes,  a  feed  which  they  may  have  been  tossing  about,  as  if 
unworthy  of  their  notice,  in  their  mangers,  for  a  couple  of 
hours. 

Delicate  feeders  and  nervor  \  horses  will  often  be  beguiled 
into  eating  thrice  as  much,  by  throwing  only  a  few  handfuls  of 
oats  into  the  manger  at  a  time,  and  renewing  it  as  fast  as  con- 
sumed, as  they  would  do  if  a  large  quantity  of  food  were  heap- 
ed before  them  at  once,  which  seems  to  disgust  them  and  to 
cloy  their  appetites. 

They  can  sometimes  be  induced,  again,  to  eat  by  throwing  a 
handful  of  salt  into  the  oats,  or  by  mostening  them.  If  the  lat- 
ter plan  be  found  successful,  it  is  well  to  do  it  with  a  glass  of 
ale  instead  of  water,  as  it  adds  to  the  nutriment  of  the  feed,  and 
is  generally  grateful  to  the  horse. 

Most  horses  will  drink  ale,  or  porter,  readily  'from  the  first. 
If  not,  they  should  be  regularly  educated  to  do  so ;  for,  at  times, 
it  is  a  most  valuable  quality  in  a  horse  to  take  it ;  as  it  is  a 
Vol.  XL— 31 


■■''^>if0ik^ 


'183 


THE   UOKSE. 


valuable  remedy,  in  many  sudden  diseases,  colics,  sudden  chilis, 
&c. ;  and  is,  at  all  events,  an  admirable  plan  for  giving  a  stimu- 
lus in  Mmes  of  exhaustion  and  distress,  whether  from  over  work, 
or  accident. 

I  have  8een  nuiny  horses  which  wonld  greedily  eat  up  a  loaf 
of  ryo  bread,  or  coarse  brown  bread— Graham's  bread,  as  it  is 
called  with  us— thrown  into  a  bucket,  with  half  a  gallon  of  ale, 
or  a  couple  of  bottles  of  brown  stout,  poured  over  it,  when  they 
would  not  look  at  a  feed  of  oats;  and  the  nouvishment  being 
double  in  tiie  former,  the  gain  of  having  a  horse  which  can  be  so 
fed  on  occasion,  is  immense. 

The  same  system  of  watering  may  be  followed  in  the  after- 
noon, as  in  tlie  morning;  until  the  inn  is  reached  where  the 
night  is  to  be  spent. 

There,  the  horses  must  be  thoroughly  cleaned,  rubbed  down, 
and  honestly  worked  at,  until  they  are  not  only  perfectly  clean, 
dry,  and  comfortable,  but  until  their  skins  are  in  a  glow,  and 
their  coats  as  fine  as  silk.  Their  legs  and  feet,  esjjccially,  must 
be  perfectly  cleaned,  and,  above  all,  thoroughly  dried  ;  any  neg- 
lect of  the  last  point  brings  the  certainty  of  grease,  cracked  heels, 
and  what  in  America  is  called  the  scratches. 

I  have  found  it  an  excellent  way,  both  as  saving  much  time 
and  labor,  and  as — which  is  more  to  the  point — rendering  the 
horse  more  spe-dily  comfortable,  to  plunge  his  legs,  after  wisp- 
ing  off  the  dry  nmd,  instantly  into  a  bucket  of  water  as  warm 
as  the  hand  will  comfortably  bear  it ;  to  brush  off  all  the  dirt 
with  a  harsli  whalebone  brueh  ;  to  hand-rub  them  sufficiently  to 
squeeze  out  the  redundant  moisture,  and  then  to  bandage  them 
closely  and  tightly,  from  the  fetlock  joint  upward  to  the  hock 
or  knee,  with  thick  flannel  rollers,  which  should  be  left  on  until 
the  following  morning  ;  when,  on  their  removal,  the  legs  will  be 
found  as  clear  and  as  clean,  besides  being  cool,  comfortable, 
and  free  from  fever,  as  those  of  a  two-year-old. 

When  the  horses  are  clean,  dry,  clothed,  their  beds  well  lit- 
tered, and  themselves  made  comfortable  for  the  night,  they 
should  be  watered,  their  racks  supphed  with,  not  to  exceed, 
according  to  my  idea,  eight  pounds  of  good,  sweet,  old  hay,  and 
from  six  to  eight  quarts  of  oats. 

They  should  not  be  disturbed  during  the  night ;  but,  at  least 


hh 


CONDITION   BALLS. 


488 


colics,  sudden  cliilla, 
II  for  giving  a  stiinu- 
ther  from  over  work, 

I'cedily  cat  up  a  loaf 
ain's  bread,  as  it  is 
lialf  a  gallon  of  ale, 
1  over  it,  when  they 
noiivislunent  being 
)r8e  which  can  be  so 

llowed  in  the  after- 
reached  where  the 

aned,  rubbed  down, 
•nly  j)erfectly  clean, 
are  in  a  glow,  and 
3et,  es])ecially,  must 
;h!y  dried  ;  any  neg- 
rease,  cracked  heels, 

5  saving  much  time 
aint — rendering  the 
his  legs,  after  wisp- 
t  of  water  as  warm 
rush  off  all  the  dirt 

them  sufficiently  to 
Bn  to  bandage  them 
ipward  to  the  hock 
)uld  be  left  on  until 
val,  the  legs  will  be 

cool,  comfortable, 
Id. 

their  beds  well  lit- 
br  the  night,  they 
ith,  not  to  exceed, 
sweet,  old  hay,  and 

night ;  but,  at  least 


two  hours  before  it  is  time  to  start,  they  should  be  watered, 
dressed,  and  led  with  from  four  to  six  quarts  of  oats,  and  the 
less  hay  the  better ;  I  should  say  a  few  mouthfuls  only  after 
the  water. 

If  horses  happen  to  be  much  exhausted  in  the  evening,  a  hot 
nuish  of  bran  and  oats  is  a  sove?'eign  remedy  ;  and  if  prepared 
with  ale  instead  of  water,  so  much  the  better. 

Where,  in  addition  to  exhaustion,  from  hot  weather  and  hard 
driving,  horses  have  been  exposed  to  the  danger  of  taking  cold, 
from  being  drenched  by  a  sudden  storm  of  rain  or  hail,  while 
heated,  as  will  sometimes  occur  even  in  summer  time,  when 
among  the  hills,  a  cordial  ball  may  be  given  with  good  effect. 

Subjoined  is  an  excellent  formula. 

1.  II.  Ground  ginger 

Gentian 

Flour         

Essential  oil  of  cloves     . 

2.  R.  Carraway  seed  powdered  . 

Camphor 

Ginger       .         .         . 

Oil  of  cinnamon    .... 

One  clove  of  garlic  bruised. 
Add  molasses,  or  honey,  enough  to  form  a  ball. 
The  latter  of  these  I  consider  the  better  formula, 
borne  in  mind,  however,  that  in  order  to  be  of  service,  the  cor- 
dial must  be  given  as  soon  as  possible  after  the  occurrence  of 
the  casualty,  from  which  the  evil  result  is  expected.  If  cold  be 
taken  already,  and  fever  have  begun,  when  the  cordial  is  ex- 
hibited, the  consequences  must  be  evil,  may  be  fatal. 

If  horses  do  not  take  to  ale  readily,  a  few  tea- spoonfuls  of 
sugar,  mixed  with  it,  will  soon  induce  them  to  swallow  it, 
greedily  enough.  " 

By  f.^llowing,  precisely,  the  above  plan  of  driving,  while  on 
the  road,  of  timing  my  halts,  watering  and  baiting  stoppages, 
and  regulating  my  feeding  and  dressing,  I  have  driven  horse8 
many  thousand  miles  in  the  coui-se  of  my  life,  and  never  have 
lost  one,  by  any  accident,  on  a  journey,  arising  from  over- 
driving, over-heating,  over  feeding,  or  the  reverse,  in  all  the 
time. 


Idr. 
Idr. 
6  drs. 
6  drops. 
6  dre. 
Idr. 
Id 
6  drops. 


It  must  be 


rS^SE' 


484 


THB  B0B8B. 


On  one  occaoion,  in  tlie  extromoly  hot  summer  of  1838, 1 
drove  a  pair  of  horses,  before  a  aporting  wagon,  which,  h)aded, 
with  myself,  my  friend,  my  servant  and  a  brace  of  seMers  in- 
cluded, weighed  something  over  seventeen  hundred  WAiight, 
from  the  city  of  New  York,  to  Niagara  Falls  and  back,  includ- 
ing excursions  to  shoot,  and  deviations  from  the  route.  We 
were  forty-one  days  on  the  road,  and  averaged  forty-seven  miles 
a  day,  the  horses  not  standing  still,  or  resting,  a  single  day ; 
and,  on  the  last  day,  having  slept  at  Newburgh,  we  crossed  the 
river  toFishkill  landing,  and  thence  by  Fishkiil  village  drove  to 
the  city,  which  we  reached  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  evening,  neither 
of  the  horseo  having  been  off  their  feed,  or  out  of  spirits  for  an 
hour,  during  the  whole  journey,  and  both  being  fatter  and  bet- 
tor—not to  speak  of  their  being  in  their  hardest  possible  condi- 
tion, and  fit  for  any  amount  of  work— than  they  were  when  we 
Bet  out. 

1  feel,  therefore,  more  than  a  little  confidence  in  recom- 
mending, to  my  friendly  readers,  the  foregoing  few,  brief  hints, 
as  equal  to  any  for  the  keeping  horses  in  health  and  condition' 
during  a  journey,  by  a  simple  and  easy  system  of  road  manage- 
ment. 


iHHIlHi 


summer  of  1838, 1 
gon,  which,  h)iuled, 
brace  of  set  tere  in- 
n  hundred  WAiiglit, 
Is  and  back,  includ- 
»m  the  route.  Wo 
ed  fortj'-BOven  milea 
ting,  a  single  day  ; 
rgh,  we  crossed  the 
kill  village  drove  to 
the  evening,  neither 
)ut  of  spirits  for  an 
eing  fatter  and  bet- 
dest  possible  condi- 
they  were  when  we 

nfidence  in  recom- 
ng  few,  brief  hints, 
lalth  and  condition, 
m  of  road  manage- 


TREATISE  ON  HORSE-SHOEING. 

The  following  simply  written  and  unpretending  essay  on  horse- 
shoeing, by  William  Miles,  Esq.,  is  so  infinitely  superior  in  all 
respects  to  every  thing  I  have  yet  seen  on  the  subject,  that  I 
have  eagerly  availed  mysell"  of  the  opportunity  of  embodying 
it  in  my  work. 

His  plan  of  shoeing  is  indisputably  correct,  founded  on 
scientific  principles,  and  proved  by  experience.  Tliere  is  no 
part  of  his  instructions  and  conclusions  which  are  not  of  great 
value  ;  but  the  method  he  advises  of  securing  the  shoe  by  five 
nails  only,  so  as  to  admit  of  the  contraction  and  expansion  of 
the  hoof,  impresses  me  most  favorably  of  all. 

His  language  is  so  simple,  his  advice  so  lucidly  expressed, 
and  his  explanatory  cuts  so  plain,  tliat  the  commonest  country 
blacksmith,  if  he  choose  to  discard  obstinate  and  groundless 
prejudice,  can  work  by  them  with  certainty  of  success. 

When  it  is  considered  how  much  of  foot  lameness  is  due  to 
ignorant  shoeing,  the  full  importance  of  the  subject  cannot  be 
questioned. 

I  will  only  add,  that  I  have  neither  presumed  to  insert  nor 
to  erase  a  word ;  and  that,  without  a  note  or  comment,  I  sub- 
mit this  system  of  Mr.  Miles  to  my  readers,  as  the  best  possi- 
ble, and  urge  its  adoption  on  all  my  friends,  who  are  also  friends 
of  the  horse ; — 

"  HoBSE-SHOEiNG. — It  has  been  suggested  to  me,  by  several 
correspondents,  that  a  plain,  practical  treatise  on  horse-shoeing, 
divested  of  all  other  matters,  connected  with  the  soundness  of  the 


486 


TIIR    IIORBK. 


horse's  foot,  would  ho  very  lUiccptiil.lc!  to  many  working  sniitlis, 
wlio  linvii  iK'itluT  tho  tiiuc  nor  tin;  incliiiation  to  waile  tliroii<rh 
a  work  wlicro  what  they  want  to  find   Ih  mixed  ni)  wifii  otluT 
mattiTH,  which  (h»  not  hear  upon   tlicir  vocation.     To  the  pro- 
duction of  Hiicii  a  troatiwc  1   now  sot  inyKcIf,   in  the   liope  that 
liowever    much  i  nuiy  fall  nlutrt  of  niy  winhcH,  1  nuiy  -still  ij 
Home  (lognse  supply  a  want  which  has  long  been  felt  hy  many. 
The  l)ookH  at  jircHent  in  use  are  written  in  a  stylo  that  most 
BmitliH  find  it  difficult  to  follow;  my  aim,  therefore,  shall  ho  to 
convey  the  information  I  have  to  offer  in  the  simplest  language 
I  can  command,  and  such  as  the  least-informed  among  them  are 
familiar  with.     Hut,  before  1  enter  upon  the  subject  of  shoeing, 
I  must  notice  two  things,  which  we  must  not  only  believe,  but 
act  ui)on,  if  we  ever  hope  to  arrive  at  really  good  shoeing;  the 
first  is,  that  nature  has  given  to  what  liorsemen  call  a  good- 
shaped  foot,  the  form  bes,  suited  to  the  horse's  wants;  and  the 
second  is,  that  the  hoof  expands  when  the  horse's  weiHit  is 
thrown  upon  it,  and  contracts  when  it  is  taken  off  again.     But 
the  mere  belief  in  these  things  will   be  of  no  use,  unless  we 
make  the  shoe  to  fit  the  foot,  and  nail  it  on  in  such  a  manner  as 
will  allow  the  hoof  to  expand  and  contract;  for  we  might  as 
well  not  believe  at  all,  as  believe  a  thing  to  be  right,  and  not 
do  it. 

Nailing  an  iron  shoe  to  a  living  horse's  foot  is  a  very  unnatu- 
ral riling  to  do ;  but,  as  it  must  be  done,  it  is  our  duty  to  see 
how  we  can  do  ii  with  the  least  injury  to  the  horse.  To  show 
this,  I  will  supi)08e  myself  addressing  a  young  smith,  who  is 
about  to  shoe  his  first  horse. 

Pkkparino  the  Foot.— You  must  begin  by  taking  off  one  of 
the  old  shoes,  and  I  may  say  one,  because  the  other  should  al- 
ways be  lefY  on,  for  the  horse  to  stand  upon  ;  he  is  sure  to  stand 
quieter  upon  a  shod  foot  than  he  can  upon  a  bare  one  ;  and  it 
will  prevent  his  breaking  the  crust.  Eaise  every  one  of  the 
clenches  with  the  buffer,  and,  if  the  shoe  will  not  then  come 
off  easily,  loosen  some  of  the  nails  with  the  punch  ;  but  never 
tear  the  shoe  off  by  main  force ;  it  splits  the  crust  and  widens 
the  nail-holes.  The  shoe  being  off,  you  should  rasp  the  edge 
of  the  hoof  all  around,  and  take  out  any  stnbs  that  may  be  left 
in  the  crust.     Tlien  you  must  pare  out  the  foot ;  and  this  re 


PRKI'ARINd    TIIK    FOOT. 


487 


iny  working'  siiiitliH, 
oil  to  wade  tliroiigli 
ixcd  nj)  witii  otlii-r 
lUioii.  To  the  pro- 
ill  tlie  Ik.jh,  that, 
nhcH,  I  may  still  in 
)ecn  tt'lt  by  many. 

a  stylo  that  iiiont 
orcfore,  shall  ho  to 
!  HJinploHt  hiii^iia^e 
ad  among  them  are 
subject  of  shoeing, 
it,  only  believe,  but 

good  shoeing;  tho 
omen  call  a  good- 
e's  wants  ;  and  the 
I  horse's  weight  is 
en  off  ngaiiv.  But 
'  no  use,  uidess  we 
1  such  a  manner  as 
;  for  we  might  as 

be  right,  and  not 

)t  is  a  very  unnatu- 
3  our  duty  to  see 
5  horse.  To  show 
ung  smith,  who  is 

y  taking  off  one  of 
le  other  should  al- 
he  is  sure  to  stand 
bare  one ;  and  it 
I  every  one  of  the 
ill  not  then  come 
punch  ;  but  never 
3  crust  and  widens 
dd  rasp  the  edge 
>8  that  may  be  left 
foot;  and  this  re 


quires  both  care  and  thought.  If  the  horse  has  a  strong,  up- 
right  foot,  with  plenty  of  horn,  yon  sliuuld  Hlmrti'M  the  toe, 
lower  the  heelw  and  erust.  and  cut  out  the  d»'ad  horn  from  tho 
sole,  and  also  from  the  corners  between  the  lieels  and  the  bars ; 
the  best  way  of  doing  this  is  to  |>iire  the  bars  down  nearly  even 
with  the  Hole,  and  then  you  can  get  at  the  dead  horn  in  the  cor- 
ners more  easily.  The  part  of  the  bar  which  HtamlH  uj>  above 
tho  solo  woidd  have  boon  worn  away,  or  broken  down,  if  the 
shoe  had  not  kept  the  hoof  off  the  ground  ;  therefore  you  had 
better  always  jtare  it  down,  but  on  no  account  ever  cut  any 
thing  away  from  the  sides  of  the  bars,  or  what,  in  called  "  open 
out  the  heels  ; "  and  be  sure  that  you  never  tougli  the  frog  with 
a  knife.  Kow  remeiid)er  that  there  are  three  things  which  you 
must  never  do  in  paring  o)it  a  foot ;  you  must  never  cut  tho 
sides  of  the  bars,  or  open  cmt  the  heels,  or  pare  tlie  frog;  and  I 
will  tell  you  why  you  must  never  do  them. 

The  burs  are  placed  where  they  arc,  to  keep  tlio  heels  from 
closing  in  upon  tlie  frog;  and  if  you  trim  them  by  cutting  their 
sides,  you  weaken  them,  and  they  can  no  longer  do  it,  and  the 
foot  begins  to  contract. 

Opening  out  the  heels  does  exactly  tho  same  thing,  by 
weakening  the  very  parts  which  nattire  placed  there  to  keep 
the  heels  apart.  Now  it  takes  some  time  to  contract  a  hoise's 
foot  so  as  to  lame  him,  and,  because  the  contraction  comes  on 
by  slow  degrees,  no  one  notices  it,  until  the  horse  falls  lame, 
and  then  every  one  wonders  what  can  have  done  it ;  but  very 
few  hit  upon  the  right  cause. 

The  frog  is  a  thick,  springy  cushion,  whose  chief  use  is  to 
protect  a  very  important  joint,  called  the'  navicular  joint,  and 
it  is  covered  by  a  thin  layer  of  horn,  to  keep  in  the  moisture ; 
and  every  time  you  slice  off  any  of  the  frog,  you  lay  bare  a 
part  that  was  never  meant  to  be  exposed  to  the  air,  and  it 
dries,  and  cracks,  and  forms  rags,  which  are  cut  off  at  every 
fresh  shoeing,  until  the  whole  frog  becomes  as  dry  and  hard 
as  a  board;  and  the  horse  gets  an  incurable  disease,  called 
"  navicular  disease  ;  "  therefore  I  say,  leave  the  frog  alone  ;  it 
will  never  grow  too  large,  for,  long  before  that  would  happen, 
the  outer  covering  will  shell  off,  and  a  new  homy  covering  will 


mR  noiwK. 


be  found  undornontli  ;  find  ns  to  the  rnga,  loavo  thorn  nlone 
hIhi),  and  tlicy  will  fall  <>fl'  of  tlii-mwlvoH. 

A  weak,  thit  foot  will  Itarc  very  litth?  parinj?  or  raHj)iti^;  tho 
cruHt  itf  HUidi  a  toot  in  Hiiro  to  Ik*  thin  at  tlus  too,  h)W  at  tho 
huola,  and  the  hoIo  thin  and  weak ;  tlicrufore,  the  K'hh  you  do  to 
it  tlie  better,  heyond  gettinj^  rid  of  the  little  dead  horn  there 
may  he,  and  nnikiii^'  the  eniwt  level  whore  it  is  to  l)ear  upon  tho 
Bhoe  ;  tliiH  niUHt  bo  done  to  all  foot,  and,  au  tho  inner  (|uartt'r, 
whoro  there  should  bo  no  ihiils,  does  not  wear  away  as  tiiHt  as 
the  outer  quarter,  whore  tho'  nailn  are  driven,  you  bhould  al- 
ways jdaeo  a  rasp  upon  its  ed^e  aerosn  the  foot,  to  be  quite  muio 
tluit  tho  two  Hides  aro  level.  I  have  known  hIiooh  lost  from  tho 
innido  (pnirter  being  higher  than  tho  outside,  and  causing  tho 
foot  to  bear  uneveidy  on  tho  shoe. 

Before  you  pare  out  a  foot,  you  sliould  always  think  of  tho 
state  of  the  roads ;  and  if  they  aro  dry,  and  eoverod  with  loose 
stones,  or  have  been  lately  repaired,  you  should  take  very  little 
off  the  solo  of  any  foot,  because,  if  you  tlnn  it,  tho  f)ti)ne8  will 
bruise  it ;  but  when  tho  season  is  wet,  and  tlie  stonet'  worn  in, 
you  may  pare  out  the  solo  of  a  strong  foot  until  it  will  yield  to 
hard  pressure  from  your  thumbs ;  but  you  must  novor  pare  it 
thin  enough  to  yit'ld  to  light  pressure. 

Tlie  aimexed  cut 
shows  a  good-shap- 
ed near  foro  foot, 
pared  out  ready  for 
shoeing.  I  liave 
introduced  lottere 
against  the  differ- 
ent parts.  Tho  toe 
°  reaches  from  A  to 
A,  the  letter  B 
shows  the  middle 
of  each  quarter, 
and  C  marks  the 
heels.  You  will 
observe  that  the 
crust  is  thicker  on 
the  outer  quarter, 


iaB)w>vy?j^..',.'!La 


TUK   BHOR, 


1H8 


»,  loavo  thoni  alone 

aring  or  raHpirig;  thp 
It  tiu)  tot',  low  at  tlui 
t',  the  It'HH  yon  do  to 
tic  (h<u(l  liorn  tlicro 
t  IB  to  bear  upon  tlio 
i  the  inner  (quarter, 
'ear  away  aH  tiiHt  m 
v'on,  you  blioiiiil  al- 
ibot,  to  bo  quite  stu-o 
I  hIiooh  loHt  from  tho 
do,  and  causing  the 

always  think  of  the 
1  covered  with  loose 
ould  take  very  little 
I  it,  tho  tilones  will 
the  Btoiie..'  worn  in, 
intil  it  will  yield  to 
must  never  pare  it 

Tlie  annexed  cut 
ehowH  a  good-shap- 
ed  near  fore  foot, 
pared  out  ready  for 
shoeing.      I    Jiave 
introduced   lettei-s 
against  the   differ- 
ent parts.    The  toe 
reaches  from  A  to 
A,    the    letter    B 
shows  the  middle 
of    each     quarter, 
and   C  marke   the 
heels.      You    will 
observe    that     the 
crust  is  thicker  on 
the  outer  quarter, 


whero  tho  nails  should  bo,  than  it  is  on  the  inner  quarter,  wlioro  a 
nail  must  never  be  driven  ;  and  yo\i  will  also  sei'  that  tlie  lii>of 
is  not  a  circle,  as  boiuo  supposo,  but  is  straighter  on  tho  insido 
than  it  is  on  tho  outside.  I)  marks  tho  Bolo ;  K  shows  tho  up- 
per part  of  the  bai-s,  pared  down  lu-arly  level  with  the  solo.  V 
Hh(»Wh  that  part  (»f  the  bars  which  must  never  bo  touched  by  a 
knife;  Ci  nuirks  the  frog,  and  is  placed  just  over  tho  situation 
of  tho  luivieular  joint.  I  would  advise  you  to  examiim  thin 
frog  well,  because  it  is  what  every  horse's  frog  should  look 
like, — plump,  and  full,  and  even,  with  a  broad,  shallow  cleft, 
not  sj)lit  through  at  tho  back  part;  and,  if  you  shoo  your  horses 
pro[)erly,  and  never  pare  tho  frog,  it  is  what  their  frogs  will 
conjo  to  in  time. 

TnK  SuoK. — Heforo  I  talk  about  tho  shoo,  I  must  sottlo 
names  for  the  upper  and  under  surfaces  ;  because  1  fear  I  should 
mislead  those  who  are  not  smiths,  if  I  call  tho  part  that  rests 
u[)on  tilt  ground  "the  upper  surface,"  as  smiths  do;  I  shall 
therefore  call  that  part  of  tho  shoe  "tho  ground  surface;"  and 
the  part  which  goes  next  tho  foot  I  shall  call  "  the  foot  surface  ;" 
and  then  there  can  be  no  mistakd  as  to  which  surface  I  mean. 

In  turning  your  store  shoes  "  in  the  rough,"  you  should  leave 
them  longer  at  the  heels  than  smiths  generally  do;  wo  shall  see 
the  reason  for  it  when  we  come  to  "  fitting  the  shoo ; "  and  you 
should  uuike  tho  web  as  wide  at  the  heels  as  it  is 
at  tho  toe,  and  of  the  same  thickness  throughout 
from   tho   too  back  to  the  heels.     The  "fuller" 
should   be  carried  quite  round   the  shoo  to  the 
heels,  and   the   fuUering-iron  should   have   both 
sides  alike.     It  Js  a  far  better  tool  than  the  one- 
sided iron  in  common  use,  which  is  generally  so 
narrow  and   sharp  that  it  not  only  makes  the 
groove  too  small  for  the  heads  of  tho  nails  to  sink 
into,   but  it  often   splits  the  shoe.      A  narrow 
groove  may  look  neater  than  a  wide  one ;  but  you  | 
will  find  a  wide  one  much  more  useful. 

Choosing  a  Shoe. — Tlie  first  thing  to  look  to 
in  choosing  a  shoe  is  the  kind  of  foot  you  have  to 
deal  with.  If  the  foot  is  a  strong,  good-shaped 
one,  it  will  be  an  easy  matter  to  find  a  shoe  for 


FIgnra  A. 


3S3S3aM^a^jfeSB^Ris«i»Kge%is*^®«fM.-A*^»i;sife*«»^^^^ 


400 


THE   H0E8E. 


it ;  only  take  care  that  the  web  is  not  too  narrow,  and  that  the 
shoe  is  not  too  liglit.  A  light  shoe  is  apt  to  bend  before  it  is 
half  worn  out;  and  the  pain  caused  by  the  pressure  of  the  bent 
nails  against  the  tender  lining  of  the  hooi'  throws  the  horse 
down,  and  most  likely  breaks  his  knees.  If  the  foot  should  be 
flat,  with  a  weak,  brittle  crust,  you  must  still 
Figi-re  B.  clioose  a  stout  slioo  ;  for  a  horse  with  such  a  foot 
could  not  go  at  all  upon  a  bent  shoe ;  and  the  shoe 
must  have  a  wide  web,  because  the  sole  is  sure  to 
be  thin  and  will  need  plenty  of  cover  to  protect 
it. 

You  must  also  look  to  the  seating ;  for,  if  the 
foot  is  weak  and  flat,  the  shoe  must  be  well  seated 
out,  to  prevent  its  pressing  upon  and  bruising  the 
sole  ;  but  if  the  foot  is  strong,  and  the  sole  arched, 
there  need  not  be  more  seatmg  th'in  will  allow 
the  point  of  a  picker  to  pass  freely  round  between 
the  sole  and  the  shoe ;  otherwise  dirt  and  small 
stones  will  get  in,  and  bruise  the  sole  as  much  as 
the  shoe  would  do  if  it  pressed  upon  it. 

CcTTTiNG  OFF  THE  Heels. — Having  fixed  upon 

a  shoe  to  your  mind,  begin  by  cutting  ofl"  the 

you  will  find   a  half-round  cliisel  a  better  tool 

for  the  purpose  than'  a 
straight  one,  because  you 
should  never  cut  them  off 
'  square ;  if  you  do,  you 
will  find  it  impossible  to 
fit  the  shoe  properly  to 
the  heels,  and  at  the  same 
time  keep  the  web  as  wide 
at  the  heels  as  it  is  at  the 
toe ;  for  one  of  the  corners 
of  the  shoe  will  be  stick- 
into  the  frog,  while  the 
other  stands  out  beyond 
the  crust;  but  if  you  cut 
them  off  as  shown  in  fig- 
ure 2,  you  will  have  no  difficulty  in  bringing  every  pai't  of  the 


heels ;   and 


Figare  8. 


iifiiiimsifim'mmmmmllSitC^ 


m^^ 


larrow,  and  that  the 
to  bend  before  it  is 
>  pressure  of  tlie  bent 
loi"  throws  the  liorse 
[f  the  foot  should  be 
rust,  you  must  still 
rse  with  such  a  foot 
nt  slioe ;  and  the  shoe 
ise  the  sole  is  sure  to 
of  cover  to  protect 

!  seating ;  for,  if  the 
s  must  be  well  seated 
Jon  and  bruising  the 
and  the  sole  arched, 
tmg  than  will  allow 
reely  round  between 
rwise  dirt  and  small 
the  sole  as  much  as 
id  upon  it. 
-Having  fixed  upon 

by  cutting  off  the 
clusel  a  better  tool 
lie  purpose  than'  a 
ht  one,  because  you 
d  never  cut  them  off 
e ;  if  you  do,  you 
ind  it  impossible  to 
e  shoe  properly  to 
3els,  and  at  the  same 
keep  the  web  as  wide 
3  heels  as  it  is  at  the 
or  one  of  the  corners 
i  shoe  will  be  Btick- 
the  frog,   while  the 

stands  out  beyond 
rust;  but  if  you  cut 
off  as  shown  in  fig- 
ag  every  pai't  of  the 


CCTTING   OFF   THE   HEELS. 


491 


shoe  into  its  proper  place  upon  the  foot.  Figure  2  is  a  shoe 
turned  in  the  I'ough ;  and  the  dotted  lines  show  the  direction  in 
which  the  heels  should  be  cut  off.  The  side  next  the  frog 
should  be  cut  off  from  C 

FlgonS. 

to  B,  and  the  outer  cor- 
ner  from  A  to  B,  and  then 
the  shoe   will   look   like 
figure   3,  which,    with  a  n 
little  hammering  over  the 
beak   of    the   anvil,  will 
Boon  come  like  figure  4  ; 
you    will    see    that    the 
points,  marked  A  in  fig- 
ure 3,  have  disappeared 
in  figure  4,  and  that  the 
parts  between  A  and  B 
on  each  side  have  become 
a  portion  of  the  outer  rim 
of  the   shoe,  whereby  the   outer   rim  is   lengthened,  and  the 
inner  rim  shortened;   and  there  are  no  corners   left  to  inter- 
fere with   your   following 
the   sweep    of   the   heels,  ^*°"'*" 

and  you  are  enabled  to 
keep  the  web  as  wide  at 
the  heels  as  it  is  at  the  toe, 
I  have  introduced  figure  4 
in  this  place,  because  it 
gave  me  the  opportunity 
of  explaining  the  reason 
for  cutting  off  the  heels  as 
I  have  directed ;  but  at 
this  stage  of  the  business 
it  is  a  good  plan  always  to 
leave  the  quarters  and 
heels  rather  straight,  and 
wide  apart,  until  you  have  fitted  the  toe ;  because  it  is  less 
trouble  to  bring  them  in  than  it  ic  to  open  them  out  after  the 
front  has  been  fitted. 

Thb  Nail-Holes. — You  must  next  open  the  nail-holes ;  but 


.'ms;.i:..!i^^mmms~>^:-A';i>ikm&«;"<^^^^ 


492 


THE  HOBSE.. 


Pi 

}';  t; 


be  sure  that  they  have  been  stamped  so  as  to  pass  straight 

through  the  shoe,  and  come  out  in  the  flat  part  of  the  web,  and 

not  partly  in  the  flat  and  partly  in  the  seating.     It  ii,  a  very 

bad  plan  to  make  them  slant  inwards,  as  most  smiths  do  ;  for  in 

driving  a  nail  they  have  first  to  pitch  the  point  inwards,  then 

turn  it  outwards,  driving  it  all  the  time  with  the  grain  of  the 

crust,  and  at  last  they  bring  it  out  higli  up  in  the.  thinnest  part 

of  the  hoof,  and  have  the  weakest  part  of  the  nail  for  a  clinch. 

Now,  instead  of  all  this,  if  you  make  the  holes  straight  through 

the  shoe,  you  have  only  to  drive  the  nail  straight,  and  it  will 

go  through  the  shoe  across  the  grain  of  the  crust  and  come  out 

low  down  in  the  thickest  part  of  the  hoof,  and  give  you  a  strong 

clinch  made  out  of  the  shank  of  the  nail  instead  of  a  weak  one 

made  out  of  the  point.     The  advantage  of  straight  holing  is  that 

you  are  sure  never  to  prick  the  foot  in  driving  a  nail,  and  you 

get  a  firmer  hold  for  the  shoe.     Everybody  knows  that  a  short 

purchase  across  the  line  of  the  strain  is  stronger  than  a  longer 

one  in  the  direction  of  the  strain. 

.  The  soundness  of  the  hor&j's  foot,  as  far  as  shoeing  is  con- 
cerned, depends  more  upon  the  number  of  nails  and  where  they 
are  placed  than  upon  any  thing  else  ;  for  if  the  shoe  is  ever  so 
badly  formed,  and  the  nail-holes  are  rightly  placed,  very  little 
harm  will  happei;  to  the  foot  beyond  the  loss  of  a  shoe ;  but  if 
the  shoe  is  of  the  best  possible  shape,  and  fitted  to  the  foot  in 
the  most  perfect  manner,  unless  the  nail-holes  are  placed  so  that 
the  foot  can  expand,  it  must  in  the  end  become  unsound. 

The  portion  of  hoof  that  expands  the  most  is  the  inner  quar- 
ter and  heel.  You  must  therefore  leave  those  parts  free  from 
nails;  and  the  way  to  do  it  is  never  to  stamp  more  than  two 
holes  on  the  inside  of  the  shoe,  one  about  an  inch  and  a  quarter 
from  the  centre  of  the  toe,  and  the  other  about  three-quarters  of 
an  inch  behind  it.  It  is  quite  clear  that,  if  you  nail  both  sides 
of  a  horse's  hoof  to  an  iron  shoe,  the  hoof  will  be  held  fast,  and 
cannot  expand;  and,  when  the  horse's  weight  forces  the  bones 
of  the  foot  down  into  the  hoof,  the  tender  lining  of  the  hoof 
will  be  squeezed  against  the  shanks  of  the  nails,  and  cause  pain 
to  the  hoi-se  at  every  step  he  takes.  Tlie  whole  number  of  nail 
holes  should  never  exceed  five ;  three  on  the  outside,  and  two 
on  the  inside.    I  have  proved,  over  and  over  again,  that  five 


»  as  to  pass  straight 
part  of  the  web,  and 
icatiug.  It  ii.  a  verj 
ost  smiths  do  ;  for  in 
point  inwards,  then 
vith  the  grain  of  the 
in  the.  thinnest  part 
the  nail  for  a  clinch. 
)les  straight  through 
straight,  and  it  will 

crust  and  come  out 
id  give  you  a  strong 
stead  of  a  weak  one 
raight  holing  is  that 
'ing  a  nail,  and  you 

knows  that  a  short 
)nger  than  a  l(mger 

as  shoeing  is  con- 
ails  and  where  they 

the  shoe  is  ever  so 
Y  placed,  very  little 
3  of  a  shoe ;  but  if 
fitted  to  the  foot  in 
8  are  placed  so  that 
me  unsound. 
3t  is  the  inner  quar- 
se  parts  free  from 
ap  more  than  two 
inch  and  a  quarter 
It  three-quarters  of 
rovL  nail  both  sides 
n  be  held  fast,  and 
t  forces  the  bones 
lining  of  the  hoof 
lils,  and  cause  pain 
sle  number  of  nail 
e  outside,  and  two 
3r  again,  that  five 


jrmNG  THE  SHOE. 


493 


nails  will  hold  on  a  fore-shoe  at  any  kind  of  work,  in  any  coun- 
try and  at  any  pace.  If  a  shoo  is  pi-operly  fitted  to  the  foot, 
and  fastened  by  five  nails,  nothing  but  the  smith's  pincers  can 

get  it  offl 

Having  cut  oflf  the  heels  and  opened  the  nail-holes,  you  must 
next  turn  up  a  clip  at  the  toe.  Every  shoe  should  have  one  at 
the  toe ;  it  keeps  the  shoe  steady,  and  prevents  its  being  forced 
back.  But  you  never  should  put  one  at  the  side  ;  for  if  it  is 
put  on  the  inside,  it  prevents  the  hoof  expanding ;  and  on  the 
outside  it  is  worse  than  useless,  for  the  nails  there  are  quite  suf- 
ficient to  keep  the  shoe  from  working  across  the  foot,  and  the 
clip  will  interfere  with  the  placing  of  one  of  the  nails,  and  de- 
stroy more  of  the  crust  than  two  nails  would  do. 

FrrriNO  the  Shoe. — You  must  never  forget  that  '*  fitting  the 
shoe  "  means  making  the  shoe  fit  the  foot,  and  not  making  the 
foot  fit  the  shoe,  as  I  have  often  seen  done. 

It  is  a  bad  plan  to  try  to  fit  the  whole  of  the  shoe  at  once  ; 
it  is  much  better  and  saves  a  great  ^eal  of  trouble  to  fit  the  toe 
first,  then  the  quarters,  and  lastly  the  heels ;  but,  before  you 
begin  to  fit  the  toe,  take  a  look  at  the  old  shoe,  and  see  how 
muct)  of  the  toe  of  it  is  worn  away,  because  just  so  much  of  the 
new  shoe  should  be  turned  away  from  the  ground  out  of  the  line 
of  wear. 

We  all  know  that  liorses  go  better  and  stumble  less  in  old 
shoes  than  they  do  in  new  ones;  and  the  reason  why  they  do  so 
is  because  they  have  worn  away  the  toe,  and  no  longer  jar  the 
foot  by  striking  the  toe  against  hard  substances  in  the  road.  A 
new  shoe  turned  up  at  the  toe  is  the  same  thing  to  a  horse  as 
an  old  one  worn  down,  but  with  this  great  difierence  to  hig 
comfort — that  he  is  easy  upon  the  new  one  from  the  time  it  ig 
first  put  on,  whereas  he  was  never  easy  upon  the  old  one  until 
be  had  worn  the  toe  away. 

When  a  horse  wears  his  shoe  hard  at  the  toe,  it  is  the  cus- 
tom of  most  smiths  to  weld  a  lump  of  steel  on  to  it,  to  make 
him  longer  in  wearing  it  away ;  but  this  only  increases  the  jar  to 
his  foot,  while  turning  up  the  toe  makes  the  shoe  last  quite  as 
long,  and  saves  the  horse  from  a  great  deal  of  unnecessary  suf- 
fering. A  strong  foot  will  bear  the  toe  to  be  turned  up  a  good 
deal ;  but  a  flat  foot  is  always  weak  at  the  toe ;  and  will  not 


mi>,u^mr'muMism&&m.mii- 


mmimii'mm.mm»sm^."'.''^^^"<i''f8^^>^' 


494 


'i'HK    HORSE. 


bear  much.  Still,  tl.o  shoe  should  bo  turned  up  a  little,  bo  ae 
to  clear  the  ground;  the  horse  will  travel  safer  and 'better 
for  it. 

You  can  make  a  very  handy  tool  for  turning  up  the  toe  of 
a  shoe  by  shutting  a  piece  of  iron,  five  inches  long  and  one  inch 
broad,  crosswise  on  to  each  blade  of  a  pair  of  smith's  tongs ; 
with  this  tool  you  will  be  able  to  grasp  both  limbs  of  the  shoo 

Figure  6. 


at  once,  and  not  only  turn  up  the  toe  over  the  end  of  the  anvil, 
but  restore  the  seating  at  the  toe  without  bending  the  shoe  or 
putting  it  out  of  shape,  which  you  could  not  do  by  holding  one 
limb  at  a  time  in  a  common  tongs,  without  a  great  deal  of  trou- 
ble. Tlie  accompanying  cut,  figure  5,  shows  you  this  tool  in 
use,  with  the  ground-surface  of  the  shoe  uppermost  for  turning 
up  the  toe ;  and  you  have  only  to  reverse  it,  keeping  the  same 


d  up  a  little,  so  a& 
ol   safer  and  better 

•iiing  up  the  toe  of 
8  long  and  one  inch 
r  of  smith's  tongs; 
b  limbs  of  the  shoe 


FTTTING   TUE  SHOE, 


•195 


!  end  of  the  anvil, 
iding  the  shoe  or 
io  by  holding  one 
^reat  deal  of  trou- 
you  this  tool  in 
rmost  for  turning 
keeping  the  same 


grasp  of  the  shoe,  and  the  foot-surface  will  come  uppermost, 
ready  to  have  the  seating  made  good. 

I  will  now  suppose  that  you  have  shortened  the  toe  of  the 
hoof,  rasped  away  the  crust  to  receive  the  turned-up  shoe,  cut 
a  notch  for  the  clip,  and  turned  up  the  toe  of  the  shoe  ;  you 
had  better  next  spring  the  heels  to  prevent  their  burning  the 
back  part  of  the  crust  while  you  are  fitting  tlio  shoe  to  the  fore 
part ;  but  you  nmst  bring  them  down  again  before  you  fit  the 
quarters  and  heels,  and  never  leave  them  sprung  when  the  shoe 
is  nailed  on. 

You  must  now  put  the  toe  of  the  shoe  in  the  fire,  and  make 
it  hot  enough  to  mark  the  uneven  portionp  of  horn,  which 
should  be  rasped  away  until  an  even  bed  is  left  for  the  shoe  to 
rest  upon.  You  need  not  fear  to  burn  the  toe  of  a  strong  foot ; 
it  can  do  no  harm ;  but  a  weak  foot  with  a  thin  crust  of  course 
will  not  beftr  much  burning.  Still,  the  shoe  should  be  made 
hot  enough  to  scorcli  the  horn  and  show  where  it  fails  to  fit 
close. 

When  the  toe  is  more  properly  fitted,  there  will  be  very 
little  trouble  in  fitting  the  quarters  and  heels.  You  have  only 
to  bring  them  in  over  the  beak  of  the  anvil,  until  the  edge  of  the 
shoe  ranges  with  the  edge  of  the  hoof  back  to  the  farthest  point 
of  the  heel  on  each  side,  and  continue  the  same  sweep  until  it 
nearly  touches  the  frog.  There  must  be  none  of  the  shoe  left 
sticking  out  beyond  the  hoof,  either  behind  or  at  the  sides  of 
the  heels. 

I  know  that  a  great  many  smiths  are  very  fond  of  what  are 
called  "  open-heeled  shoes,"  which  means  shoes  with  straight 
heels,  wide  apart,  and  projecting  beyond  the  hoof,  both  behind 
and  at  the  sides  ;  and  the  only  reason  I  have  ever  heard  in  fa- 
vor of  such  shoes  is  a  very  bad  one, — viz. ;  that  the  horse  re- 
quires more  support  at  the  heels  than  he  gets  from  the  hoof. 
But  you  may  depend  upon  it  that  nature  has  made  no  mistake 
about  it;  and  if  the  horse  really  wanted  more  oupport  than  he 
gets  from  the  heels  of  the  hoof,  he  would  have  had  it.  But  I 
think  I  shall  prove  to  you  that  this  kind  of  shoe,  instead  of  be- 
ing a  benefit  to  the  horse,  is  a  positive  evil  to  him ;  it  interferes 
with  his  action,  and  exposes  his  sole  and  frog  to  serious  injury 
from  Btones  in  the  road,  and  the  projecting  portions  of  the  shoe 


'!Mim>i'-^-mxi^mm^;>i^^-uiMi'!^'ji'i 


.^l;iaj.Vli!,J.yt»t^^,hJia%AJ«ft.^*A*^^ 


LHa'ffntiain  ■ 


496. 


THE  HOReS. 


Figure  & 


become  ledges  for  stiff  ground  to  cling  to  rfnd  pull  the  shoo  off. 
More  shoes  are  lost  through  these  mischievous  projections  at  the 
heels  than  from  all  other  causes  put  together. 

Let  us  see  how  it  is  that  these  projecting  heels  interfere  with 
the  horse's  action.  It  is  not  necessary 
for  this  purpose  to  trouble  yon  with 
the  anatomy  of  the  foot,  but  merely  to 
state  that  all  its  parts  are  joined  to  each 
other  in  such  a  manner  as  to  form  one 
great  spring,  and  that  the  foot  is  joined 
to  the  leg  by  the  pastern  and  coronet 
bones  in  a  direction  slanting  forward, 
which  brings  the  foot  a  little  in  advance 
of  the  leg,  and  places  the  heels  in  front 
of  a  line  dropped  from  the  centre  of 
the  fetlock  joined  to  the  ground. 

Figure  6. — 1.  Tlie  shank  or  canon 
bone.  2.  The  pastern  bone.  3.  The 
coronet  bone.  4.  The  sessamoid  bone. 
A.  The  point  where  the  weight  of  the 
horse  would  fall  upon  the  upper  nd  of  the  pastern  bone.  B. 
The  point  where  a  line  dropped  fr<..  .  A  would  meet  the  ground. 
0.  The  heel  of  the  hoof. 

Now,  it  is  clear  that  the  weight  of  the  horee  will  fall  upon 
the  upper  end  of  this  slanting  pastern  bone  at  every  step ;  and 
the  bone,  having  a  joint  at  each  end  of  it,  will  sink  to  the 
weight  thus  thrown  upon,  it  and  break  the  force  of  the  shock 
both  to  the  leg  and  foot ;  but  if  the  heels  of  the  shoe  are  longer 
than  the  heels  of  the  hoof,  the  projecting  pieces  of  iron  will 
meet  the  ground  farther  back  than  the  natural  heels  would  have 
done,  and  will  check  the  sinking  of  the  pastern  bone,  just  as  an 
upi-ight  pastern  does,  by  bringing  the  heels  too  much  under  the 
centre  of  the  weight,  which  causes  the  horse  to  step  short  and 
go  stumpy. 

If  you  wish  to  avoid  these  evils  and  keep  the  horse's  shoes 
on  his  feet,  you  must  bring  in  the  heels,  and  let  the  shoe  strictly 
follow  the  form  of  the  foot,  whatever  that  form  may  be. 

The  part  of  the  foot  that  needs  protection  from  injury,  more 
than  any  other,  is  the  "  navicular  joint,"  which  rests  upon  the 


FITTING  TUE    BIIOK. 


407 


id  pull  the  shoo  off. 
118  projections  at  the 

heels  interfere  with 

It  is  net  necessary 
)  trouble  yon  witli 

foot,  but  merely  to 
ts  are  joined  to  each 
riner  as  to  form  one 
at  the  foot  is  joined 
pastern  and  coronet 
n  slanting  forward, 
)t  a  little  in  advance 
3S  the  heels  in  front 
rom  the  centre  of 
3  the  ground, 
lie  shank  or  canon 
ern  bone.  3.  The 
lie  sessamoid  bone. 
!  the  weight  of  the 

pastern  bone.     B. 
d  meet  the  ground. 

oree  will  fall  upon 
it  every  step ;  and 
t,  will  sink  to  the 
ibrce  of  the  shock 
;he  shoe  are  longer 
pieces  of  iron  will 
.1  heels  would  have 
rn  bone,  just  as  an 
)0  much  under  the 
to  step  short  and 

>  the  horse's  shoes 
et  the  shoe  strictly 
m  may  be. 
from  injury,  more 
sh  rests  upon  the 


frog  about  an  inch  or  an  inch  and  a  quarter  behind  its  point ; 
and  the  only  way  to  protect  it  is  to  keep  the  web  of  the  shoe  as 
wide  at  the  heels  as  it  is  at  the  toe,  and  to  bring  in  the  heels 
until  they  nearly  touch  the  frog.  By  so  doing  you  lessen  the 
opening  of  the  shoe,  and  the  web  of  one  side  or  the  other  will 
strike  upon  the  stones  in  the  road  and  save  the  frog  from  com- 
ing with  full  force  upon  them.  Big  open-heeled  shoes  leave 
tiie  frog  entirely  exposed  to  very  large  stones,  atid  cause  many 
a  bruise  to  the  navicular  joint,  which  lays  the  foundation  of 
future  incurable  lameness. 

I  have  often  seen  shoes  so  wide  at  the  heels,  that  1  have 
placed  my  clenched  hand  within  the  opening  of  the  shoe  with- 
out touching  either  side  of  it ;  and  where  my  fist  could  go  a 
stone  as  large  could  go. 

Another  great  advantage  of  bringing  in  the  heels  and  fitting 
the  shoe  close,  is  the  certainty  that  the  horee  will  not  cast  his 
shoe  ;  you  leave  nothing  for  stiff  ground  to  lay  hold  of,  and,  if 
you  slightly  bevel  the  inside  quarter  and  heel  of  the  shoe  from 
the  foot  downwards,  no  ground  in  the  world  can  pull  it  off,  for 
th<i  foot,  expanding  to  the  weight  of  the  horse,  enlarges  the  hole 
made  by  the  shoe,  and  leaves  more  space  for  the  shoe  to  come 
out  of  than  it  made  for  itself  to  go  in  at ;  but  if  the  shoe  pro- 
jects beyond  the  hoof  at  any  part,  and  more  particularly  at  the 
heels,  the  foot  cannot  fill  the  hole  made  by  the  shoe,  and  stiff 
clay  will  cling  round  the  projection  and  pull  the  shoe  off. 

Having  so  far  finished  the  shoe,  place  it  on  the  face  of  the 
anvil  with  the  toe  hanging  over  the  side,  and  see  that  the  foot- 
surface  of  the  quarters  and  heels  are  quite  level ;  then  make  it 
hot  enough  to  scorch  the  hoof  all  round  and  form  a  bed  for  it- 
self ;  without  this  it  would  be  next  to  iinpossible  to  ensure  close- 
fitling ;  for,  after  you  have  made  the  foot  as  level  as  you  can 
with  the  rasp,  and  the  shoe  as  level  as  you  can  r*^.  the  anvil,  the 
chances  are  very  much  against  their  fitting  like  two  planed 
boards,  a'^  they  ought  to  do ;  and  the  quantity  of  horn  to  be 
thus  removed  is  so  small  as  not  to  be  worth  thinking  about.  It 
is  a  mistake  to  suppose  that  a  hot  shoe  injures  the  hoof;  it  does 
nothing  of  the  kind ;  and  you  cannot  possibly  fit  a  shoe  prop- 
erly without  making  it  hot.  I  would  not  have  you  burn  a 
shoe  into  its  place  on  the  foot,  before  you  had  taken  care  tO' 
Vol.  11.-32 


408 


THK   HORSE. 


Figure  T. 


make  both  the  foot  and  the  shoe  as  level  as  you  could ;  but 
when  you  have  done  tiiat,  the  Binall  quantity  of  burning  that  is 
necessary  to  make  them  co.ue  close  together  can  do  mo  harm. 
I  have  said  before  that  a  weak,  thin  crust  will  not  bear  as  much 
heat  as  a  strong  one,  and  that  the  shoe  should  bo  applied  less 
hot  to  it ;  nevertheless,  it  must  be  scorched,  that  you  may  be 
sure  the  shoe  fits  properly* 

When  you  have  cooled  the  shoe,  you  should  "  back-hole " 
it, — that  is,  make  a  free  opening  on  the  foot-suiface  for  the  nails 
to  pass  through ;  but  mind  that  in  doing  so  you  do  not  make 
the  holes  incline  inwards,  by  breaking  down  the  inner  ed«'e  of 
the  holes  more  than  the  outer  edge. 

Before  you  "  file 
up  "  the  shoe,  hold 
it  firmly  in  its 
place  on  the  foot 
with  both  hands, 
and  examine  care- 
fully whether  any 
light  appeai-s  be- 
tween the  foot  and 
the  shoe,  and  if 
you  should  per- 
ceive any,  alter  the 
shoe  at  once ;  for 
thecrast  must  bear 
upon  the  shoe  all 
round  before  you 
can  say  that  the 
shoe  fits  tlie  foot  as 
it  ought  to  do.  * 
Filing  Up  the  Shoe. — ^Much  time  is  often  wasted  in  pol- 
ishing the  shoe  with  the  file  before  it  is  nailed  on.;  but  all  that 
is  really  needed  is  to  get  rid  of  the  burs  about  the  nail-holes, 
remove  the  sharp  edges  of  the  shoe,  and  round  off  the  heels ; 
taking  care  to  apply  the  file  hard  to  that  part  of  both  heels 
which  comes  next  to  the  frog,  so  as  to  slant  it  from  the  ground 
upward  and  away  from  the  frog;  but  you  must  not  narrow  the 
yroM«<f-surface  of  the  web  at  the  heels  in  doing  so.    Tlie  ac- 


^''C2 


1  as  you  could ;  but 
ity  of  burning  tluit  is 
er  can  do  no  liarni. 
vil)  not  bear  as  much 
ould  be  ap]>lied  loss 
3d,  that  you  may  be 

should  "  back-hole  " 
t-8urt'ace  for  the  nails 
o  yon  do  not  make 
vn  the  inner  ed<re  of 

Before  you  "  file 
up  "  the  shoe,  hold 
it    firmly     in     its 
place   on    the  foot 
with    both    hands, 
and  examine  care- 
fully whether  any 
light    appeal's    be- 
tween the  foot  and 
the    shoe,    and    if 
you     should     per- 
ceive any,  alter  the 
shoe  at  once  ;    for 
the  crust  must  bear 
upon  the  shoe   all 
round   before    you 
can  say    that   the 
shoe  fits  the  foot  as 
it  ought  to  do.  * 
tten  wasted  in  pol- 
iled  on.;  but  all  that 
ibout  the  nail-holes, 
ound  off  the  heels ; 
t  part  of  both  heels 
it  from  the  ground 
must  not  narrow  the 
doing  so.    Tlxe  ac- 


HLMNO    DP   TBK    8H0K. 


400 


companying  c\its,  figures  7  and  8,  represent  both  surfaces  of  a 
near  fori'-Hhde ;  Fig.  7  shows  the  Toot-surface,  and  Fig.  8  the 
ground-surface.  • 

In  Fig.  7,  A  is  the  clip  at  the  toe,  B  1  the  outer  quarter, 
B  2  the  inner  quur- 
ft'r,  0  1  the  outer 
lu'cl,  C  2  the  inner 
heel,  I)  the  seating, 
E  the  flat  surface 
for  the  crust  to 
boar  upon,  F  the 
heels  bevelled  off 
away  from  the 
frog. 

In  Fig.  8,  A  is 
the  toe,  turned  up 
•out  of  the  line  of 
wear,  B  1  the  outer 
and  B  2  the  inner 
quarter,  C  1  the 
outer  and  C  2  the 
inner  heel,  D  the 
ground-surtace  of  the  web,  as  wide  at  the  heels  as  it  is  at  the 
toe,  E  the  fullering,  carried  all  round  the  shoe. 

Nails. — I  must  say  &  few  words  about  the  nails  before  we 
come  to  nailing  on  the  shoe;  because  the  nails  in  common  use 
are  as  badly  formed  as  they  well  can  be.  Their  short  wedge- 
shaped  heads,  wide  at  the  top  and  narrow  at  the  bottom,  with 
shanks  springing  suddenly  from  the  head  without  any  shoulder, 
and  ending  in  a  long,  narrow  point,  are  most  unsafe  to  trust  a 
shoe  to.  Tlie  head  of  such  a  nail  can  never  perfectly  fill  the 
hole  in  the  shoe,  for  the  wide  top  gets  tied  either  in  the  fuller- 
ing, or  the  upper  part  of  the  hole,  before  the  lower  part  has 
reached  the  bottom,  and  when  the  head  i3  about  half  worn 
away,  the  lower  part  is  left  loose  in  the  hole  and  the  shoe  comes 
off.  Now  the  nails  I  advise  you  to  use — and  you  had  better 
always  make  them  for  yourself — should  have  lieads  which  are 
straight-sided  at  the  upper  part,  and  gradually  die  away  into 
the  shank  at  the  lower  part,  so  as  to  form  a  shoulder  which  will 


ftOO 


THE  H0B8E. 


w 


hi 


block  the  ()])ening  made  in  "  back-liolding  "  the  shoe,  and  keep 
the  shoe  tirmly  in  its  place  nntil  It  is  quite  worn  out. 

If  you  conirare  the  two  nails  I  have  drawn,  you  will  at 
once  see  which  promises  the  firmer  hold. 

Your  nails  should  he  made  of  the  very 
Figure*.  ijtjgt  nail-rods  you  can  get,  and  they  should 

^flHV  not  bo  cooled  too  quickly,  but  be  left  spread 
^^^m  about  to  cool  by  degrees  ;  the  longer  in  rea- 
^^m  son  they  are  cooling,  the  tougher  they  will 
H  become.  They  should  not,  however,  bo  al- 
H  lowed  to  lie  in  a  heap  to  cool ;  the  mass  kecpn 
H  in  the  heat  too  long,  and  nmkes  them  almost 
H  as  brittle  as  if  they  Imd  been  cooled  too  sud- 
D         denly. 

H  Nailing  05  thk  Shok. — If  the  nails  are 

I  of  a  proper  shape,  the  holes  straight  through 
H  the  shoe,  and  the  shoe  fits  the  foot,  it  requires 
I  very  little  skill  to  nail  it  on ;  only  put  the 
W  point  of  the  nail  in  the  middle  of  the  hole, 
*  keep  tho  nail  upright  and  drive  it  straight ;  it 

must  come  out  in  the  right  place,  low  down 
in  the  crust,  without  the  possibility  of  wounding  the  sensitive 
parts  of  the  foot.  The  shank  of  the  nail  will  pass  straight 
through  the  substance  of  the  crust  and  gain  a  good  firm  hold  of 
it,  leaving  you  the  strongest  part  from  which  to  form  a  clinch. 
The  clinches  should  be  short  and  broad,  and  not  thinned  by 
rasping  away  any  of  their  substance,  but  hammered  at  once 
into  a  notch  made  in  the  hoof  under  each,  and  the  rasp  should 
never  be  allowed  to  go  over  tiiem  after  they  have  been  ham- 
mered down ;  for  the  sharp  steel  rasp  is  very  apt  to  cut  through 
the  soft  iron  clinch  just  where  it  turns  down,  and  leave  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  clinch,  when  in  truth  it  has  been  cut  off  at  the 
bend,  and  the  loose  end  only  remains  buried  in  the  notch  in  the 
hoof.  You  will  do  good  by  rasping  teloin  the  clinches,  because 
you  will  remove  the  horn  that  has  been  destroyed  by  the  former 
Siails;  but  on  no  account  ever  use  the  rasp  above  the  clinches. 
If  you  doj  you  will  tear  off  the  thin  outer  covering  of  the  hoof, 
■wfci(!h  is  placed  there  for  the  purpose  of  retaining  the  natural 
moisture  and  keeping  the  horn  tough ;  and  if  you  rasp  it  away 


NAIUNO   ON  TIIK   8IIOK. 


501 


r  the  shoe,  and  keep 
worn  out. 
drawn,  yon  will  al 

|»e  made  of  tlie  very 
ket,  and  they  should 
[)',  but  be  left  spread 
'8  ;  the  longer  in  rea- 
[»o  touf^her  they  will 
not,  however,  bo  al- 
cool ;  the  mass  keeps 
I  nuikes  them  almost 
been  cooled  too  sud- 

)K. — If  the   nails  are 
joles  straight  through 
ts  the  foot,  it  requires 
it  on ;  only  put  the 
middle  of  the  hole, 
id  drive  it  straight ;  it 
ight  place,  low  down 
rounding  the  sensitive 
ail  will  pass  straight 
in  8  good  firm  hold  of 
hich  to  form  a  clinch, 
and  not  thinned  by 
it  hammered  at  once 
1,  and  the  rasp  should 
they  have  been  ham- 
rj  apt  to  cut  through 
ft'n,  and  leave  the  ap- 
8  been  cut  off  at  the 
3d  in  the  notch  in  the 
the  clinches,  because 
stroyed  by  the  former 
)  ahove  the  clinches, 
covering  of  the  hoof, 
retaining  the  natural 
i  if  you  rasp  it  away 


Figure  ia 


you  will  expose  the  horn  to  the  air,  and  it  will  soon  become  dry 
and  brittle,  and  make  the  hoof  difticidt  to  shoo  This  thin  cov- 
ering of  the  hoof  is 
like  the  nhining  cov- 
ering of  a  man's  fin- 
ger-nail ;  and  most 
people  know  from 
expcrieiico  how  dry 
and  l)nttle  and  easily 


bri)k 


en  a 


finger- 


-nail 


beconieK  when  by 
any  accident  it  loses 
that  covering. 

The  cuts,  heie- 
with,  Figs.  10  and 
11,  re))resent  the 
ground  surface  ov"  a 
near  fore  foot  witii 
the  shoe  nailed  on  by 
five  nails.  Fig.  10 
shows  the  shoe  in  its 
place  on  the  foot,  and  Fig.  11  represents  the  same  shoe  made 
transpai-ent,  so  that  the  parts  of  the  foot  that  are  covered  by  it 
are  seen  through  it.  A  shows  the  crust,  B  the  bars,  and  C  the 
heels  of  the  hoof  supported  by  the  shoe,  i  have  invariably 
found  tnat  corns  disappear  altogether  from  a  horse's  foot  after 
it  has  been  shod  two  or  three  times  in  this  manner,  and  that 
they  never  return  while  the  same  method  of  shoeing  is  con- 
tinued. 

Shoeing  with  Leather. — Many  tender-footed  horses  travel 
best  with  a  covering  over  the  sole,  and  leather  is  commonly 
used  for  the  purpose ;  but  I  think  gutta  percha  a  quarter  of  an 
inch  thick,  or  waterproof  felt  of  the  same  thickness,  answer 
better,  because  they  both  resist  wet  and  do  not  alter  tlieir  shape 
as  leather  does.  Whei>  leather  is  wetted  it  becomes  soft,  and 
heavy,  and  yielding;  bat  in  drying  again  it  contracts  and  hard- 
ens, causing  a  frequent  change  of  pressure  on  the  frog,  which 
does  not  happen  with  either  of  the  other  two  substances.  I 
have  used  felt  for  the  last  three  or  four  years,  and  prefer  it  very 


-  'i'isailr3mmii«>'fmii!r/7i^sifs-ir:^'jaf?9:rstr;m^.  ■nfm'-.r.ailb' 


9fii^l99H/SllS^ 


'oO'i 


TUK   IIOB8B. 


iniK'li.     But  wlilclmvor  (M»v<>r!iij^.  yoii  use,  it  miiHthf  put  on  in 
tlio  sumo  way  ;  so  1  will  at  uncu  tell  you  liow  to  du  it.     You 

muHt  tit  the  hIioo  to 

FIgnra  11.  .1      !•     .      .  1  1 

tllO  toot  Wit ll  at)  lliuoii 

caru  aH  it'  iiotliing 
were  to  he  |>ut  inidor 
it ;  and  vvlioti  it  in 
"filed  II])," and  ready 
to  Ite  put  on,  lay  it 
with  file  f'oot-8iirtii(;« 
downward  on  the 
covering,  whatever  it 
may  he,  and  mark 
the  form  of  tlu'  tilioo 
upon  it  with  the  end 
of  thedrawiiip^-kiiifo; 
then  cut  the  piece 
out,  put  it  in  its  place 
upon  the  shoe,  and 
fix  them  hoth  in  the 
vice,  which  will  hold 
them  close  together,  while  you  carefully  cut  the  edge  of  the 
covering  until  it  agrees  with  the  edge  of  the  shoo;  then  turn 
them  in  the  vice  together,  ho  as  to  hring  the  heels  of  the  shoe 
uppermost,  and  cut  out  a  piece  slightly  curved  downward  from 
heel  to  heel,  that  nothing  may  he  loft  jM-ojecting  for  the  ground 
to  lay  hold  of.  The  next  thing  to  do  is  to  smear  the  whole  ot 
the  under  surface  of  the  foot  well  with  Barbadoes  tar  mixed 
with  a  little  grease ;  but  be  sure  that  you  never  use  gas-tar  in- 
stead of  the  other ;  for  it  dries  up  the  horn  and  makes  it  aa 
hard  as  flint,  while  Barbadoes  tar  keeps  it  moist  and  tough. 
Then  you  must  fill  the  hollow  batween  the  frog  and  the  crust 
on  both  sides  with  oakum — which  is  better  for  the  purpose  than 
tow — dipped  in  the  tar,  pressing  it  well  into  the  hollow  until 
the  mass  rises  above  the  level  of  the  frog  on  each  side ;  but 
never  put  any  oakum  upon  the  frog  itself,  excepting  a  piece  in 
the  cleft  to  prevent  the  dirt  and  grit  working  in  ;  very  little  is 
ever  wanted  on  the  sole  in  front  of  the  frog.  The  use  of  the 
oakum  is  to  protect  the  foot,  but  more  especially  the  navicular 


TIIK    HIND   HIIOK. 


5(KJ 


t  iiiiiHt  he  puf  on  in 
"low  tu   (I,,   if.      v,,„ 

IllllrtI    lit     tlu'    hllOf    to 

llic  loot  with  ay  niiKrh 
liiru    UH    it'    iiotliiiig 
were  to  he  put  under 
it  ;    jiikI    wht'ii    it  irt 
filed  iij),"(uid  ready 
to  he  put  on,  lay  it 
witli  the  fbot-8iirtaee 
downward      on     the 
eov('riiif;,  whatever  it 
"ifty   he,   and    mark 
th(-  form  of  the  ehoo 
upon  it  witli  the  end 
ol'thi'(h-awiMf;-knife; 
tlien    cut   tlie    j)iece 
out,  put  it  in  it8])laco 
upon   tho  Bhoe,  and 
i\\  tliem  hotli  in  tlio 
vice,  which  will  hold 
KUt  the  ed^e  of  the 
the  slioe;  then  turn 
le  lienls  of  the  shoo 
ved  downward  I'rom 
cting  for  tlio  ground 
imear  the  whole  ot 
arhadoes  tar  mixed 
lover  use  gas-tar  in- 
)rn   and  makes  it  as 
it  moist  and  tough, 
e  frog  and  the  crust 
'or  the  purpose  thon 
nto  the  hollow  mitll 
on  each  side;  bnt 
xcopting  a  piece  ia 
g  in  ;  very  little  is 
g.     Tlie  use  of  the 
Jially  the  navicular 


joint,  Mhieh  lien  ahove  and  aeroHH  the  frog,  from  being  jurrod 
by  litoneH  on  a  hard  road  ;  and  tho  LobI  way  of  doii  g  thiH  iH  to 
till  the  Hpace  on  each  Hide  of  the  frog  with  oakinn  in  hucIi  ii 
mann«-r  that  it  hIiuII  Hhare  tlu  prenHiire  with  the  frog,  and  pre- 
vent the  full  force  uf  tho  uhock  front  falling  on  the  navicular 
joint. 

The  uhual  mode  of  Hto]»ping  a  foot  is  to  place  a  thick  wad 
of  tow  over  the  whole  Hurfaee  of  wctle  and  frog  together,  making 
liad  worse,  by  adding  to  the  projection  of  the  frog,  and  caiiwing 
it  to  meet  the  ground  Hooner,  and  receive  tho  full  force  of  tho 
jar. 

You  must  now  nail  on  the  slioe  with  five  nailf,  exactly  as 
you  would  do  if  tliere 

was   nothing    under  Fifuwii 

it ;  and  if  you  have 
attended  to  the  fit- 
ting,  there  \^11I  be 
no  fear  of  i  !•  kKoo 
Hhifting  or  coming 
off'. 

The  cut.  Fig.  12, 
shows  a  tV)ot  stopped, 
ready  for  shoeing. 
The  ends  of  the  oak- 
nm  placed  in  the 
cleft  of  the  frog  are 
collected  together 
and  carried  across 
the  body  of  the  frog, 
to  be  mixed  with  the 
oakum  on  one  side, 
M-hich  keeps  it  in  its  place  in  the  cleft,  and  prevents  it  from 
working  out  behind. 

Fig.  13  shows  a  foot  properly  shod  with  leather,  and  also 
the  Bhapo  to  which  the  leather  should  be  cut  between  the  heels 
of  the  shoe. 

The  Hind  Shoe. — Tlie  hind  shoe,  like  the  fore  shoe,  should 
be  brought  in  at  the  heels,  and  be  made  to  follow  the  exact 


6s--^4-'?:,'>i<SS^a(^M5^Bi*- 


<^ 


504 


THK  HORSE. 


Hi* 


1 1 


li 


shape  of  the  hoof;  hnt,  as  the  -weight  of  the  horse  falls  diflfer- 
ently  upon  the  hind  feet  to  what  it  does  upon  the  fore  feet,  and 

as    the    rider    often 
^'«f°'»^''  obliges  the  horse  to 

stop  suddenly  and 
without  any  warning 
when  he  is  least  pre- 
parad  to  do  so,  it  be- 
comes necessary  to 
guard  against  strains 
of  the  hock  and  back- 
sinews,  by  raising  the 
heels  of  the  shoe ; 
but  this  should  bo 
done  in  such  a  man- 
ner as  will  give  both 
heels  an  even  bear- 
ing'upon  the  ground. 
Calkins  may  be,  and, 
^  I  believe,  are,  useful 

to  heavy  draught- 
lioniss,  but  they  are  objectionable  for  fast  work ;  and  turning 
dowi)  the  outc'de  heel  alone  should  never  be  done ;  it  throws 
the  weigh  upon  the  inner  quarter,  which  is  the  least  able  to 
bea  it,  and  stra"  as  the  fetlock  joint.  The  plan  I  have  adopted 
for  iii?ny  yeare  re  to  have  the  last  inch  and  a  half  toward  the 
heel  forged  thicker  than  any  other  part  o^  the  shoe  ;  the  Jieels 
are  then  made  red-hot,  and  the  shoe  is  put  in  the  vice  with  the 
liot  heels  projecting,  which  are  beaten  down  with  a  hammer 
until  they  are  about  an  inch  long,  and  then  the  sides  are  made 
even  and  the  foot  and  ground-surfaces  level  on  the  anvil.  I 
have  found  horees  travel  pleasanter  and  receive  less  damage  to 
their  hocks,  back-sinews,  and  fetlock  joints,  with  these  heels  to 
their  hind  shoes,  than  they  have  with  any  others  that  I  have 
tried. 

The  toe  of  the  hind  shoe. is  exposed  to  great  wear,  and 
should  be  made  stout  and  thick,  and  rather  pointed,  with  a 
small  clip  in  the  middle,  to  prevent  the  shoe  from  being  driven 
backward ;  and  die  back  edge  of  the  web  should  be  rounded 


-rmnmm 


THE   HIND   BHOE. 


r,ofi 


the  liorse  falls  differ- 
upon  the  fore  feet,  and 
as    the    rider    often 
obliges  the  horse  to 
stop    suddenlj"    and 
without  any  warning 
when  he  is  least  pre- 
parad  to  do  so,  it  be- 
comes  necessary    to 
guard  against  strains 
of  the  hock  and  back- 
sinews,  by  raising  the 
heels   of   the    shoe; 
but   this   should   be 
done  in  such  a  man- 
ner as  will  give  both 
heels  an  even  bear- 
ing'upon  the  ground. 
Calkins  may  be,  and, 
I     I  believe,  are,  useful 
to    heavy    draught- 
ast  woi'k ;  and  turning 
er  be  done;  it  throws 
ill  is  the  least  able  to 
le  plan  I  have  adopted 
uid  a  half  toward  the 
3^  the  shoe ;  the  lieels 
ut  in  the  vice  with  the 
down  with  a  hammer 
3n  the  sides  are  made 
evel  on  the  anvil.     I 
•eceive  less  damage  to 
its,  with  these  heels  to 
ny  othei-8  that  I  have 

i  to  great  wear,  and 
ather  pointed,  with  a 
loe  from  being  driven 
b  should  be  rounded 


off,  to  guard  against  "  overreach."  Tlie  toe  should  rest  fairly 
on  the  ground,  to  enable  the  horse  to  get  a  good  purchase  for 
throwing  his  weight  forward.  It  is  a  bad  plan  to  make  the  toe 
broad,  and  to  place  clips  at  the  side  of  it ;  it  is  almost  sure  to 
cause  the  very  evil  it  was  intended  to  prevent,  by  nuvking  the 
horee  •'  forge,"  as  it  is  called. 

Many  persons  think  that  "forging"  is  caused  by  the  front 
of  the  toe  of  the  hind  shoe  striking  against  the  heel  of  the  fore 
shoe ;  but  that  is  a  mistake.  The  sound  is  produced  in  this 
way ;  when  the  horse  raises  his  fore  foot  from  the  ground,  and 
does  not  instantly  throw  it  forward,  but  dwells  in  the  action, 
the  hind  foot,  frtUowing  quickly,  is  forced  into  the  opening  of 
the  fore  shoe  before  the  fore  foot  gets  out  of  the  way ;  and  the 
corners  of  the  broad  toe,  made  still  broader  by  the  clips  at  the 
sides,  are  struck  against  the  inner  rim  of  the  web  of  the  fore 
shoe  on  each  side  just  behind  the  quarters,  and  cause  the 
unpleasant  clicking  sound.  The  only  way  to  avoid  this  dis- 
agreeable noise  is  to  make  the  hind  shoe  narrow  at  the  toe, 
and  rather  pointed,  with  the  clip  in  the  centre ;  and  then  the 
point  of  the  toe,  clip  and  all,  will  enter  the  opening  of  the  fore 
shoe  held  up  to  receive  it,  and  be  stopped  by  the  sole  or  frog 
before  any  part  of  the  two  shoes  can  come  together,  and  the 
noise  wili  cease. 

I  have  said  that  you  should  round  off  the  back  edge  of  the 
web  at  the  toe  to  prevent  an  "  overreach."  It  is  commonly 
supposed  that  this  also  is  done  by  i\iQ  front  of  the  toe ;  whereas, 
it  is  always  done  by  the  hack  edge^  which  in  a  well-worn  shoe 
you  will  find  is  as  8hai*p  as  a  knife.  Now,  if  the  horse  in  gal- 
loping does  not  lift  his  fore  foot  from  the  ground,  and  throw  it 
forward  in  time  to  make  way  for  the  hind  foot,  the  hind  foot 
overreaches  it,  and  cuts  a  piece  out  of  the  soft  parts  above  the 
heel,  and  produces  a  very  troublesome  wound. 

Tlie  hind  foot  expands  less  than  the  fore  foot;  still,  you 
should  place  the  nail  holes  so  as  not  to  confine  the  foot.  I  have 
found  four  nails  on  the  outside  and  three  on  the  inside  suflScient 
to  hold  any  hind  shoe  firmly  to  the  foot  The  holes  on  the  in- 
side should  be  stamped  closer  together  than  those  on  the  out- 
side, and  they  should  be  placed  forward  toward  the  toe,  so  as  to 
leave  the  inside  quarter  and  heel  free  to  expand.    A  small  foot 


„u«iSt9^ 


506 


THE  HOBSE. 


Figure  16. 


may  be  shod  with  three  nails  on  each  side ;  but  no  foot  requires 
more  than  seven  altogether. 

The  two  cuts,  on  this  page,  represent  a  near  hind  shoe.    Fig. 

14  shows  a  level  sui-- 
*"'*  face  for  the  foot  to 

rest  upon,  the  raised 
heels  and  the  thick- 
ened toe,  with  a 
small  clip  in  the  cen- 
tre. 

Fig.  15  shows  the 
toe  rather  pointed,  the  back  edge  rounded,  and  the  nail  holes 
properly  placed. 

Cutting. — Horses  strike 
their  feet  against  the  oppo- 
site leg  in  such  a  variety 
of  ways,  both  before  and 
behind,  that  it  is  impossi- 
ble to  form  a  shoe  that 
would  suit  every  case  of 
"  cutting."  I  therefore  ad- 
vise you,  whetlier  the  horse 
cuts  before  or  behind,  to 
fasten  something  like  a 
boot  covered  thickly  with 
wetted  pipeclay  over  the 
place  where  he  strikes  the 
leg,  and  then  trot  him  along 
the  road ;  he  will  soon  pick 
off  some  of  the  pipeclay 
with  the  opposite  foot,  and  show  you  the  exact  part  of  the  shoe 
he  strikes  with;  which  you  can  easily  alter  in  the  new  shoe ;  and 
you  will  often  be  surprised  to  see  how  small  a  matter  causeo 
the  mischief. 

Removing. — The  time  at  which  a  horse's  shoes  should  be 
removed  must  depend  very  much  upon  circumstances.  If  a 
horse  wears  his  shoes  out  in  less  than  a  month,  they  had  better 
not  be  removed ;  and  horses  with  thin,  weak  horn,  which  grows 
slowly,  are  likewise  better  left  alone  between  each  shoeing,  un- 


lfi 


mi 


OENBBAL  OBSERVATIONS. 


l507 


but  no  foot  requires 

near  hind  8lioe.  Fig. 
14  shows  a  level  sur- 
face for  the  foot  to 
rest  upon,  the  raised 
heels  and  the  thick- 
ened toe,  with  a 
small  clip  in  the  cen- 
tre. 

Fig,  15  shows  the 
1,  and  the  nail  holes 

rriNG. — Horses  strike 
feet  against  the  oppo- 
eg  in  such  a  variety 
ijs,  botli  before  and 
d,  that  it  is  impossi- 
form   a   slioe   that 
suit  every  case  of 
ing."    I  therefore  ad- 
ou,  whether  the  horse 
before  or   behind,  to 
something    like    a 
covered  thickly  with 
i  pipeclay  over  the 
where  he  strikes  the 
id  then  trot  him  along 
ad  ;  he  will  soon  pick 
me  of  the  pipeclay 
xact  part  of  the  shoe 
n  the  new  shoe ;  and 
all  a  matter  causes 

e's  shoes  should  be 
jircumstances.  If  a 
nth,  they  had  better 
k  horn,  which  grows 
in  each  shoeing,  un- 


less their  shoes  last  six  or  seven  weeks,  in  which  case  they 
should  be  removed  once  within  the  time ;  but  horses  with 
strong  feet  and  plenty  of  horn,  that  wear  their  shoes  a  full 
month,  should  have  them  removed  at  tlie  end  of  the  first  fort- 
night ;  and  when  horses  are  doing  so  little  work,  or  wear  their 
shoes  so  lightly  that  they  last  two  months,  they  should  be  re- 
moved every  fortnight,  and  at  the  second  removal  the  shoes 
should  be  put  in  the  fire  and  refitted,  or  the  feet  will  outgrow 
the  shoes  ;  as  the  horn  grows  much  quicker  when  a  horse  is  idle 
than  it  does  when  he  is  in  full  work.  • 

Having  now  gone  carefully  through  all  the  circumstances 
necessary  to  good  shoeing,  and  stated  the  reasons  why  certain 
things  should  always  be  done,  and  certain  other  things  neve?' 
done,  I  will  repeat  shortly  the  few  things  which  a7'e  to  he  done 
in  the  order  in  which  they  occur;  and  yon  will  find  tliat  they 
are  really  very  few  when  separated  from  the  reasons  and  ex- 
planations. 

Kaise  the  clinches  with  the  buffer. 

Have  only  one  foot  bare  at  a  time. 

Pare  out  the  foot ;  but  leave  the  frog  alone. 

Cut  off  lie  heels  of  the  shoe  as  I  have  directed. 

Open  the  nuil  holes  straight  through  the  shoe. 

Form  a  clip  at  the  toe,  and  turn  up  the  toe  of  the  shoe. 

Fit  the  toe,  then  the  quarters,  and  lastly  the  heels. 

Heat  the  shoe,  and  apply  it  to  the  foot  to  see  that  it  tits 
properly. 

Cool  the  shoe,  "  back-hole  "  it,  and  file  it  up. 

Nail  it  on  with  five  nails,  coming  out  low  in  the  crust. 

Hammer  down  the  clinches  without  rasping  them,  and  only 
rasp  the  hoof  helmo  them. 

General  Observations. — I  have  said  that  five  nails  are  suf- 
ficient to  hold  bn  a  fore  shoe  at  any  kind  of  work,  in  any  coun- 
try and  at  any  pace;  and  I  again  ar'vise  you  to  employ  that 
number,  placing  three  on  the  outside  of  the  shoe  and  two  on 
the  inside,  because  I  know  from  experience  that  with  the  very 
commonest  care  on  the  part  of  the  smith  they  will  hold  a  shoe 
through  any  difficulty  of  ground  or  pace.  But  I  am  prepared 
to  prove  that  they  are  7nore  than  sufficient  for  the  purpose,  and 
to  show  that  many  smiths  can  and  do  keep  on  a  fore  shoe  by 


608 


THE  HOBSE. 


three  nails  only — two  placed  on  the  outside  and  one  on  the  in- 
side. 

It  is  very  nearly  seven  years  since  I  have  had  more  than 
tlires  nails  in  the  fore  shoe  of  any  one  of  my  pix  horses,  and 
they  are  all  shod  with  thick  felt  and  stopping ;  some  of  them  do 
not  require  the  felt,  but,  having  begun  it  as  an  experiment 
some  years  'o,  and  finding  no  incon*  nience  from  it,  I  have 
gone  on  with  it.  In  a  former  work  I  ublished  several  cases 
of  horses  having  done  a  variety  of  work  with  only  three  nails  in 
each  fore  shoe ;  and  I  may  now  add  another,  which  happened 
to  a  horse  of  my  own  last  year,  and  which  ought  to  set  the 
question  at  rest,  supposing  any  doubt  still  to  exist  as  to  the 
capability  of  three  nails  to  hold  a  shoe.  Tlie  horse  I  f  ade  to 
is  twenty-eight  years  old ,  he  is  a  high  stepper,  and  impetuous 
in  company,  and  has  large  flat  feet,  which  grow  horn  very  spar- 
ingly, so  that  it  is  qnite  necessary  to  protect  his  feet  by  a  stout 
shoe  with  felt  and  stopping  under  it.  He  happens  to  be  a 
particularly  nice  lady's  horse  for  one  who  has  plenty  of  nerve 
and  can  ride  well ;  and  1  lent  him  to  join  in  a  large  riding  party 
of  ladies  and  gentlemen,  on  a  visit  at  a  friend's  house,  who  took 
long  daily  lides  in  a  very  hilly  district,  regardless  of  pace, 
over  commons  covered  with  heath,  furze,  and  stones,  through 
rough  stony  lanes,  and  in  every  variety  of  ground ;  and,  al- 
though his  shoes  had  been  on  ten  days  when  I  sent  him  away, 
he  returned  to  me  at  the  end  of  five  weeks  with  his  shoes  worn 
out  certainly,  but  firm  on  his  feet,  and  the  clinches  all  close. 
I  mention  this  last  circumstance  because  it  is  a  proof  that  his 
shoes  had  been  put  on  with  proper  care  ;  for  whenever  you  find 
a  clinch  rise  you  may  be  certain  that  you  have  done  something 
wrong;  either  the  crust  did  not  bear  upon  the  shoe  all  round, 
or  the  nail  holes  did  not  pass  straight  through  the  shoe,  or  the 
heads  of  the  nails  did  not  fill  the  bottom  of  th6  holes.  Any 
one  of  these  things  may  cause  a  clinch  to  rise;  and  a  risen 
clinch  is  a  sure  sign  of  careless  shoeiftg. 

I  may  mention,  as  further  proof  of  the  sufficiency  of  three 
nails  to  keep  on  a  shoe,  that  Colonel  Key,  who  commands  the 
15th  Hussars,  at  present  stationed  at  Exeter,  has  four  horees 
shod  with  three  nails  only  in  each  fore  shoe.  Finding  how  my 
horses  were  shod,  he  was  induced  to  try  the  plan  upon  his  hack, 


GENERAL  OBSKBVA'nONS. 


509 


[o  and  one  on  the  iii< 

have  had  more  than 
of  my  pix  horses,  and 
ling  ;  some  of  them  do 

it  as  an  experiment 
ience  from  it,  I  have 
iblished  several  cases 
ith  only  three  nails  in 
ther,  which  happened 
hich  ought  to  set  the 
ill  to  exist  as  to  the 
Tlie  horse  I  f  ade  to 
epper,  and  impetuous 
grow  horn  very  spar- 
set  his  feet  by  a  stout 
He  happens  to  be  a 
>  has  plenty  of  nerve 
n  a  large  riding  party 
snd's  house,  who  took 
;,  regardless  of  pace, 
,  and  stones,  through 

of  ground  ;  and,  al- 
ien 1  sent  him  away, 
s  with  his  shoes  worn 
lie  clinches  all  close, 
t  is  a  proof  that  his 
or  whenever  you  find 
have  done  something 
•n  the  shoe  all  round, 
ough  the  shoe,  or  the 

of  thfi  holes.     Any 
to  rise;  and  a  risen 


and  felt  so  satisfied  with  the  result  that  he  immediately  had  the 
others  similarly  shod,  and  continues  to  do  so;  and  an  oftcer  in 
the  Prussian  Hussars,  who  did  me  the  honor  to  translate  my 
book  upon  the  Horse's  Foot  into  German,  and  published  it  at  his 
own  expense  at  Frankfort-sur-Maine,  writes  me  that  h^s  horses 
also  are  shod  with  three  nails  only  in  each  fore  shoe,  and  that 
he  finds  no  difficulty  whatever  in  keepintr  their  shoes  on. 

I  think  I  may  consider,  that  I  have  now  proved  beyond  dis- 
pute that  a  fore  shoe  ce-  be  kept  on  by  three  nails  ;  therefore, 
he  must  be  a  sorry  bungler  indeed  who  cannot  manage  it  with 
^e."— Miles  on  Horse-Shoeing. 


e  sufficiency  of  three 

,  who  commands  the 

eter,  has  four  horees 

Finding  how  my 

plan  upon  his  hack, 


e. 


-fiSU^^^i&kri 


ml 


DISEASES  OF  THE  HORSE. 

It  may  be  readily  supposed  that  the  animal  doomed  to  tlie 
manner  of  living  which  every  variety  of  the  horse  experiences, 
will  be  peculiarly  exposed  to  numerous  forma  of  suffering; 
every  natural  evil  will  be  aggravated,  and  many  new  and  formi- 
dable sources  of  pain  and  death  will  be  superadded. 

Interest  and  humanity  require  that  we  should  become  ac- 
quainted with  the  nature,  and  causes,  and  remedy  of  the  diseases 
of  the  horse.  Only  a  slight  eketch  of  them  can  be  given  here, 
but  sufficient  perhaps  to  enable  the  owner  to  avoid  their  causes, 
to  recognize  their  existence,  and  to  induce  him,  without  danger- 
ous delay,  to  apply  to  the  proper  quarter  for  their  removal  or 
alleviation. 

The  principal  diseases  of  the  horse  are  connected  with  the 
circulatory  system.  From  the  state  of  habitual  excitement  in 
which  the  animal  is  kept,  in  order  to  enable  him  to  execute  his 
task,  the  heart  and  the  blood-vessels  will  often  act  too  impet- 
uously ;  the  vital  fluid  will  be  hurried  along  too  rapidly,  either 
through  the  frame  generally  or  some  particular  part  of  it,  and 
there  will  be  congestion,  accumulation  of  blood  in  that  part,  or 
inflammation,  either  local  or  general,  disturbing  the  functions  of 
some  organ  or  of  the  whole  frame. 

Congestion. — Take  a  young  horse  on  his  first  entrance  into 
the  stables ;  feed  him  somewhat  highly,  and  what  is  the  conse- 
quence ?  He  has  swellings  of  the  legs,  or  inflammation  of  the 
joints,  or  perhaps  of  the  lungs.     Take  a  horse  that  has  lived 


CONGESTION. 


511 


lORSE. 

limal  doomed  to  the 
the  liorse  experiences, 
i  forms  of  suffering; 
many  new  and  formi- 
peradded. 

•e  should  become  ac- 
remedj  of  the  diseases 
em  can  be  given  here, 
to  avoid  their  causes, 
him,  without  danger- 
for  their  removal  or 

e  connected  with  the 
ibitual  excitement  in 
)]e  him  to  execute  his 
often  act  too  impet- 
ng  too  rapidlj,  either 
icular.partof  it,  and 
)lood  in  that  part,  or 
bing  the  functions  of 

lis  first  entrance  into 
d  what  is  the  conse- 
iuflammation  of  the 
lorse  that  has  lived 


somewhat  above  his  work,  and  gallop  him  to  the  top  of  hia 
speed  ;  his  nervous  system  becomes  highly  excited — the  heart 
beats  with  fearful  rapidity — the  blood  is  pumped  into  the  lungs 
faster  than  they  can  discharge  it — the  pulinoiiary  vessels  be- 
come gorged,  fatigued,  and  utterly  powerless — the  l)lood,arr'>8t- 
ed  in  its  course,  becomes  viscid,  and  death  speedily  ensues.  We 
have  but  one  chance  of  saving  our  patient — the  instantaneous 
and  copious  abstraction  of  blood  ;  and  only  one  means  of  pre- 
venting the  recurrence  of  this  dangerous  state ;  namely,  not 
suffering  too  great  an  accumulation  of  the  sanguineous  fluid  by 
over-feeding,  and  by  regular  and  systematic  exercise,  which  will 
inure  the  circulatory  vessels  to  prompt  and  eificient  action 
when  they  are  suddenly  called  upon  to  exert  themselves.  This 
is  an  extreme  case,  but  the  cause  and  the  remedy  are  sufficiently 
plain. 

Again,  the  brain  has  functions  of  the  most  important  nature 
to  discharge,  and  more  blood  flows  through  it  than  through  any 
other  portion  of  the  frame  of  equal  bulk.  In  order  to  prevent 
this  organ  from  being  oppressed  by  a  too  great  determination  of 
blood  to  it,  the  vessels,  although  numerous,  are  small,  and  pur- 
sue a  very  circuitou'^  and  winding  course.  If  a  horse  highly  fed, 
and  full  of  blood,  is  suddenly  and  sharply  exercised,  the  course 
of  the  blood  is  accelerated  in  every  direction,  and  to  the  brain 
among  other  parts.  The  vessels  that  ramify  on  its  surface,  or 
penetrate  its  substance,  are  completely  distended  and  gorged 
with  it ;  perhaps  they  are  ruptured,  and  the  effused  blo^d  presses 
upon  the  brain ;  it  presses  upon  the  origins  of  the  nerves,  on 
which  sensation  and  motion  depend,  and  the  animal  suddenly 
drops  powerless.  A  prompt  and  copious  abstraction  of  blood, 
or,  in  other  words,  a  diminution  of  this  pressure,  can  alone  save 
the  patient.  Here  is  the  nature,  the  cause,  and  the  treatment  of 
apoplexy.  • 

Sometimes  this  disease  assumes  a. different  form.  The  horse 
has  not  been  performing  more  than  his  ordinary  work,  or  per- 
haps he  may  not  have  been  out  of  the  stable.  He  is  found  with 
his  head  drooping  and  his  vision  impaired.  He  is  staggering 
about.  He  falls,  and  lies  half-unconscious,  or  he  struggles  Vio- 
lently and  dangerously.  There  is  the  same  congestion  of  blood 
m  the  head,  the  same  pressure  on  the  nervous  organs,  but  pro- 


512 


THB  HOB8E. 


dnccd  hy  a  different  cnnse.  He  has  been  accustoiiiod  habitually 
to  overload  his  stomach,  or  he  waH,  on  the  previous  day,  kept 
too  long  without  his  food,  and  then  he  fell  ravenously  upon  it, 
and  ate  until  his  stomach  was  completely  distended  and  unable 
to  propel  forward  its  accumulated  contents.  Thus  distended,  itii 
blood-vessels  are  compressed,  and  the  circulation  through  them 
is  impeded,  or  altogether  suspended.  The  blood  is  still  forced 
on  by  the  heart,  and  driven  in  accumulated  quantity  to  the 
other  organs,  and  to  the  brain  among  the  rest ;  and  there  con- 
gestion takes  place,  as  just  described,  and  the  animal  becomes 
sleepy,  unconscious,  and,  if  he  is  not  speedily  relieved,  he  dies. 
This,  too,  is  apoplexy ;  the  horseman  calls  it  stomach  staggers. 
Its  cause  is  improper  feeding.  The  division  of  the  hours  of 
labor,  and  the  introduction  of  the  nose-bag,  have  much  dimin- 
islied  the  frequency  of  its  occurrence.  The  remedies  are  plain; 
bleeding,  physicking,  and  the  removal  of  the  contents  of  the 
stomach  by  means  of  a  pump  contrived  for  that  purpose. 

Congestions  of  other  kinds  occasiomilly  present  themselves. 
It  is  no  uncommon  thing  for  the  blood  to  loiter  in  the  com- 
plicated vessels  of  the  liver,  until  the  covering  of  that  viscus  has 
burst,  and  an  accumulation  of  coagulated  black  blood  has  pre- 
sented itself.  This  congestion  constitutes  th^  swelled  legs  to 
which  so  many  horses  are  subjecc  when  they  stand  too  long 
idle  in  the  stable  ;  and  it  is  a  source  of  many  of  the  accumula- 
tions of  serous  fluid  in  various  parts  of  the  body,  and  particu- 
larly in  Jhe  chest,  the  abdomen,  and  the  brain. 

Inflammation  is  opposed  to  congestion,  as  consisting  in  an 
active  state  of  the  capillary  arterial  vessels ;  the  blood  rushes 
through  them  with  far  greater  rapidity  than  in  health,  from 
the  excited  state  of  the  nervous  system,  by  which  they  are 
supplied. 

Inflammation  is  either  local  or  diflused.  It  njay  be  confined 
to  one  organ,  or  to  a  particular  portion  of  that  organ  ;  it  may 
involve  many  neighboring  ones,  or  it  may  be  spread  over  the 
whole  frame.  In  the  latter  case  it  assumes  the  name  of  fever. 
Fever  is  general  or  constitutional  inflammation,  and  it  is  said  to 
be  sympathetic  or  symptomatic  when  it  can  be  traced  to  some 
local  affection  or  cause,  and  idiopathic  when  we  cannot  so  trace 
it.    The  truth  probably  is,  that  every  fever  has  its  local  cause ; 


SPASMOmO  cotio. 


518 


accustoiiied  Imbitually 
;lie  previous  day,  kept 
X'll  ravenously  upon  it, 
f  distended  and  unable 
;8.  Thus  distended,  iti 
culatiou  through  theru 
le  blood  is  still  forced 
dated  quaiitity  to  the 
B  rest ;  and  there  con- 
\  the  animal  beeonies 
edily  relieved,  he  dies. 
8  it  stomach  staggers, 
'ision  of  the  houi-s  of 
ftg,  have  much  dimin- 
le  remedies  are  plain; 
of  the  contents  of  the 
ir  that  purpose, 
ly  present  themselves. 

to  loiter  in  the  com- 
jring  of  that  viscus  has 
i  black  blood  has  pre- 
8  thfl  swelled  legs  to 
I  they  stand  too  long 
lany  of  the  accumula- 
;he  body,  and  particu- 
)rain. 

n,  as  consisting  in  an 
els ;  the  blood  rushes 

fhan  in  health,  from 
1,  by  which  they  are 

1.  It  njay  be  confined 
f  that  organ ;  it  may 
ly  be  spread  over  the 
es  the  name  of  fever, 
lation,  and  it  is  said  to 
!an  be  traced  to  some 
en  we  cannot  so  trace 
ir  has  its  local  cause ; 


bnt  we  have  not  a  sufficient  knowledge  of  the  animal  econoniy 
to  difli'ovcr  that  cause. 

Inflaniuiation  nuiy  be  considered  with  reference  to  the  mem- 
branes which  it  attacks. 

The  Mi!C(n:s  Mkmhranks  line  all  the  cavities  that  communi- 
cate with  the  external  siiifaco  of  the  body.  Tliere  is  frequent 
inflamnuition  of  the  membrane  of  the  mouth.  Blain,  or  glynyn- 
tlirax,  is  a  vesicular  enlargement  which  runs  along  the  side  of 
the  tongue.  Its  cause  is  unknown.  It  should  bo  lanced  freely 
and  deeply,  and  some  aperient  incdicinc  administered.  Barbs, 
or  paps,  are  smaller  enlargements,  found  more  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  bridle  of  the  tongue.  They  shoidd  never  be  touched 
with  any  instrument ;  a  little  cooling  medicine  will  generally 
remove  them.  Lainpas  is  inflammation  of  the  palate,  or  enlarge- 
ment of  the  bars  of  the  palate.  The  roof  of  the  mouth  may  be 
slightly  lanced,  or  a  little  aperient  medicine  administered  ;  but 
the  eensibility  of  the  mouth  shoidd  ne^er  be  destroyed  by  the 
application  of  the  heated  iron.  Canker  and  wounds  in  the 
mouth,  from  various  causes,  will  be  best  remedied  by  diluted 
tincture  of  myrrh,  or  a  weak  solution  of  alum. 

Foreign  bodies  in  the  gullet  i.iay  be  generally  removed  by 
means  of  the  probang  used  in  the  hove  of  cattle  ;  or  the  sesopha- 
gus  may  be  opened,  and  the  obstructing  body  taken  out. 

It  is  on  the  mucous  membranes  that  poisons  principally 
exert  their  influence.  The  yew  is  the  most  frequent  vegetable 
poison.  Tlie  hoi-se  may  be  saved  by  timely  recourse  to  equal 
parts  of  vinegar  and  water  ejected  into  the  stomach,  after  the 
poicon  has  been  as  much  as  possible  removed  by  means  of  the 
stomach  pump.  For  areenic  or  corrosive  sublimate  there  is 
rarely  any  antidote. 

Spasmodic  Colio  is  too  frequently  produced  by  exposure  to 
cold,  the  drinking  of  cold  water,  or  the  use  of  too  much  green 
meat.  The  horse  should  be  walked  about,  strong  friction  used 
to  the  belly,  and  spirit  of  turpentine  given  in  doses  of  two 
ounces,  with  an  ounce  each  of  laudanum  and  spirit  of  nitrous 
aether,  in  warm  water,  ale,  or  gruel.  If  the  spasm  is  not  soon 
relieved,  the  animal  should  be  bled,  and  injections  of  warm 
water  with  a  solution  of  aloes  thrown  up,  if  constipation  exists. 
This  spasmodic  action  of  the  bowels,  when  long  -ontinued,  iB. 
Vol.  II.  -33 


u 


5U 


THE  nORBE. 


liable  to  prodnco  inti-OHiiBcoption,  or  entniiglcinent,  of  them ; 
and  the  case  is  then  hopeless. 

SuPKui'i'uoATioN  often  follows  the  administration  of  a  too 
strong  or  improper  dose  of  physic.  The  torture  which  it  pro- 
duces will  be  evident  by  the  agonized  expression  of  the  couji- 
tenance,  and  the  frequent  looking  at  the  flanks.  Plenty  of  thin 
starch  or  arrowroot  should  be  given  both  by  the  mouth  and  by 
injection;  and,  twelve  hours  having  passed  without  relief  being 
experienced,  chalk,  catechu,  and  opium  should  be  added  to  the 
gruel. 

WoKMs  in  the  intestines  are  not  often  productive  of  much 
mischief,  except  they  exist  in  very  great  quantities.  Small 
doses  of  emetic  tartar  or  calomel,  with  a  little  ginger,  may  be 
given  to  the  i:  irse-half  an  hour  before  his  first  meal,  in  order  to 
expel  the  round  white  worm  ;  it  nmst  be  worked  off  with  lin- 
seed oil,  or  aloes,  and  injections  of  linseed  oil  or  aloes  will  usually 
remove  tlie  ascarides,  or  needle-worms. 

Cataeru,  or  cold,  inflammation  of  the  upper  air-passages, 
should  never  be  long  neglected.  A  few  mashes,  or  a  little 
medicine  will  usually  remove  it.  If  it  is  neglected,  and,  occa- 
sionally, in  defiance  of  all  treatment,  it  will  degenerate  into 
other  diseases.  The  larynx  may  become  the  principal  seat  of 
inflammation. 

LARYNorris  will  be  shown  by  extreme  difficulty  of  breath- 
ing, accompanied  by  a  strange  roaring  noise,  and  an  evident 
enlargement  and  great  tenderness  of  the  larynx  when  felt  ex- 
ternally. The  windpipe  must  be  opened  in  such  case,  and 
the  best  advice  will  bo  necessary.  Sometimes  the  subdivi- 
sions of  the  trachea,  before  or  when  it  first  enters  the  lungs,  will 
be  the  part  affected,  and  we  have  bronchitis.  This  is  character- 
ized by  a  quick  and  hard  breathing,  and  a  peculiar  wheezing 
sound,  with  the  coughing  up  of  mucus.  Ilere,  too,  decisive 
measures  must  be  adopted,  and  a  skilful  practitioner  employed. 
His  assistance  is  equally  necessary  in  distemper,  influenza,  and 
epidemic  catarrh,  names  indicating  varieties  of  the  same  dis- 
ease, and  the  product  of  atmospheric  influence ;  differing  to  a 
certain  degree  in  every  season,  but  in  all  characterized  by 
intense  inflammation  of  the  mucous  surfaces,  and  rapid  and 
•Utter  prostration  of  strength,  and  in  all  demanding  the  abate- 


COUOU— OLANDKR8. 


6ie 


■iitangleinent,  of  them ; 

ftdininistmtion  of  a  too 
ic  torture  wliicli  it  pro- 
t'xprt'Hsion  of  the  couii- 
fluiiks,  Plonty  of  tliiii 
I  by  the  moutli  and  by 
Bed  without  rebef  being 
should  bo  added  to  the 

en  productive  of  much 
reat  quantities.  Small 
a  little  ginger,  nuiy  be 
is  first  meal,  in  order  to 
be  worked  off  with  lin- 
d  oil  or  aloes  will  usually 

the  upper  air-passages, 

few  maalies,  or  a  little 

is  neglected,  and,  occa- 

it  will  degenerate  into 

ne  the  principal  seat  of 

me  difficulty  of  breath- 
j  noise,  and  an  evident 
le  larynx  when  felt  ex- 
ned  in  such  case,  and 
Jometimes  the  subdivi- 
rst  enters  the  lungs,  will 
hitis.  This  is  character- 
nd  a  peculiar  wheezing 
8.  Here,  too,  decisive 
practitioner  employed, 
stemper,  influenza,  and 
rioties  of  the  same  dis- 
nfluence ;  differing  to  a 
in  all  characterized  by 
surfaces,  and  rapid  and 
I  demanding  the  abate- 


ment of  that  inflammation,  and  yet  little  expenditure  of  vital 

jiowcr. 

Coron  may  degenerate  into  iiiflamiuatiou  of  tholungH;  or 

this  fearful  malady  may  be  developed  witiiout  a  single  pre- 
monitory symptom,  and  prove  fatal  in  twenty-four,  or  even  in 
twelve  hours.  It  is  mostly  characterized  by  deathly  coldness  of 
the  extremities,  expansion  of  the  nostril,  rednens  of  its  lining 
menibratie,  singularly  anxious  countenance,  constant  gazing  at 
the  flank,  and  an  unwillingness  to  move.  A  successful  treat- 
ment (»f  such  a  case  can  be  founded  only  on  the  inost  prompt 
and  fearless  and  decisive  measures ;  the  lancet  should  be  freely 
used.  Counter-irritants  should  follow  as  soon  as  the  violence  of 
the  disease  is  in  the  slightest  degree  abated;  sedatives  must 
succeed  to  them ;  and  fortunate  will  he  be  who  often  saves 
his  piitient  after  all  the  decisive  symptonts  of  pneumonia  are 
once  developed. 

Among  the  consequences  of  these  severe  affections  of  the 
lungs,  are  chronic  cough,  not  always  much  dimiiushing  the  use- 
fulness of  the  horse,  but  strangely  aggravated  at  times  by  any 
fresh  accession  of  catarrh,  and  too  often  degenerating  into  thick 
wind,  which  always  materially  interferes  with  the  speed  of  the 
hoi-se,  and  in  a  great  proportion  of  cases  terminates  in  broken 
wind.  It  is  rare,  indeed,  that  either  of  these  diseases  admits  of 
cure,  'riiat  obstruction  in  some  pai't  of  the  respiratory  canal, 
which  varies  in  almost  every  horse,  and  produces  the  peculiar 
sound  termed  roaring,  is  also  rarely  removed.  Roaring  is  a 
malady  of  such  fVequent  occurrence  and  such  disastrous  co;ise- 
quences  that  it  will  be  found  more  discursively  treated  upon  in 
the  concluding  pages. 

Glanders,  the  most  destructive  of  all  the  diseases  to  which 
the  horse  is  exposed,  is  the  consequence  of  breathing  the  atmo- 
sphere of  foul  and  vitiated  stables.  It  is  the  winding  up  of 
almost  every  other  disease,  and  in  every  stage  it  is  most  conta- 
gious. Its  most  prominent  symptoms  are  a  «niall  but  constant 
discharge  of  sticky  matter  from  the  nose  ;  an  enlargement  and 
induration  of  the  glands  beneath  and  within  the  lower  jaw,  on 
one  or  both  sides,  and,  before  the  termination  of  the  disease, 
chancrous  inflammation  of  the  nostril  on  the  same  side  with  the 
enlarged  gland.    Its  contagiousness  should  never  be  forgotten, 


I 


ii6 


THE   HOKBC. 


for,  if  a  glniidcrcd  liorso  Itcuuci!  iiitroiliiccd  into  a  Htftblo,  olmnst 
awry  iiiliabitiiiit  of  tliiit  Htiihlo  will  souiicr  or  later  Itucoiiui  in- 
fected and  die. 

The  urinary  and  genital  organs  arc  also  lined  by  niueoiiH 
niendtraiiets.  The  lioi^tu  iu  suhjout  to  intlaniniation  of  the  kid- 
neya,  from  eating  nuiHty  oats  or  niow-hurnl  hay,  from  e.\|)08iire 
to  cold,  injurioHof  the  loins,  and  the  imprudent  use  of  diuretics. 
Bleeding,  physic,  and  counter  irritants  over  tho  regions  of  the 
loins  should  bo  had  recourse  to.  Diabetes,  or  profuse  staling,  is 
difficult  to  treat.  Tho  intlammation  that  iiuvy  exist  should  first 
be  subdued,  and  then  opium,  catechu,  and  the  uva  ursi  admin- 
istered. Inflammation  of  the  bladder  will  bo  best  alleviated  by 
mucilaginous  drinks  of  almost  any  kind,  linseed  gruel  taking 
precedciice  of  all  others.  Inflammation  of  the  neck  of  the  blad- 
der, evinced  by  the  frequent  and  painful  discharge  of  small 
quantities  of  urine,  will  yield  only  to  the  abstraction  of  blood 
Had  the  exhibition  of  opium.  A  catheter  may  be  easily  passed 
into  tho  bladder  of  tho  mare,  and  urino  evacuated ;  but  it  will 
require  a  skilful  veterinary  surgeon  to  effect  this  in  the  horse. 
A  stone  in  the  bladder  is  readily  detected  by  the  practitioner, 
and  may  be  extracted  with  comparative  ease.  Tho  sheath  of 
tlie  penis  is  often  diseased,  from  the  presence  of  corrosive 
mucous  matter.  This  may  easily  be  removed  with  warm  soap 
and  water. 

To  the  mucous  membranes  belong  tho  conjunctival  tunic  of 
the  eye  ;  and  the  dibeases  of  the  eye  generally  may  be  here  con- 
sidered. A  scabby  itchiness  on  tho  edge  of  the  eyelid  may  be 
cured  by  a  diluted  nitrated  ointment  of  mercury.  Warts  should 
be  cut  off  with  tho  scissors,  and  the  roots  touched  with  lunar 
caustic.  Inflammation  of  the  haw  should  bo  abated  by  the 
employment  of  cooling  lotions,  but  that  useful  defence  of  the  eye 
should  never,  if  possible,  bo  removed.  Common. ophthalmia  will 
yield  as  readily  to  cooling  applications  as  inflammation  of  the 
same  organ  in  any  other  animal ;  but  there  is  another  species  of 
inflammation,  commencing  in  the  same  way  as  the  first,  and  for 
a  while  apparently  yielding  to  treatment,  but  which  changes 
from  eye  to  eye,  and  returns  again  and  again,  until  blindness  is 
produced  in  one  or  both  organs  of  vision.  The  most  frequent 
cause  is  hereditary  predisposition.    The  reader  cannot  be  too 


mi' 


INKI.AMMATIOlf   OF  TlIK   HKAIN. 


MT 


jod  into  a  Htuhlf,  alinoHf 
jiT  or  later  hecoiiio  in- 

iiIho   lined   by  inucoiiH 
iniiiiiation  of  the  kid- 
rut  hay,  f'roin  ex])08iire 
I'lident  ijHe  of  diuretics, 
ver  the  regions  of  the 
38,  or  pnjfijHo  staling,  m 
may  exist  sliould  first 
ikI  the  uv:i  nrai  udniin- 
11  1)0  hoHt  alleviated  hy 
1,  linseed  gruel  taking 
)f  the  neck  of  the  blad- 
ful  discharge  of  small 
e  abstraction  of  blood 

ir  nuiy  be  easily  passed 
evacuated  ;  but  it  will 

ft'ect  this  in  the  liorse. 

ed  by  the  practitioner, 

e  ease.     The  sheath  of 
presence  of  corrosivo 

noved  with  warm  soap 

e  conjunctival  tunic  of 
irully  may  be  here  con- 
3  of  the  eyelid  may  be 
ercury.     Warts  should 
ts  touched  with  lunar 
lid  bo  abated  by   the 
jeful  defence  of  the  eyo 
mmon  ophthalmia  will 
9  inflammation  of  the 
■0  is  another  species  of 
ay  as  the  first,  and  for 
t,  but  which  changes 
;uin,  until  blindness  is 
.     The  most  frequent 
reader  cannot  be  too 


often  reminded  that  the  (|iialities  of  the  siro,  good  or  bad, 
dei?"en<l,  and  scarcely  changed,  to  his  offspring.  How  moon- 
blindness  was  first  produced  no  one  knows;  ))Ut  its  continuanco 
in  our  stables  is  to  be  traced  to  this  caiise  principally,  or  almost 
alone;  and  it  pursues  its  course  until  catanict  is  produced,  for 
which  there  is  no  remedy,  (iutta  sereiia — l>alsy  of  the  ojttic 
nerve — is  sometimoH  observed,  nnd  irumy  have  been  deceived, 
for  the  eyo  retains  its  })erfect  transparency.  Hero  also  nietlical 
treutment  is  of  no  avail. 

llie  serous  membranes  are  of  great  importance.  Tlie  brain 
and  Bpimd  marrow,  with  the  origins  <if  the  nerves,  are  sur- 
rounded by  them ;  so  aro  the  heart,  tho  lungs,  the  intestinal 
camd,  and  tho  organs  whose  oflico  it  is  to  prepare  tlio  genera- 
tive lluid. 

Inki-ammation  ok  thk  Brain. — Mad  staggers  fall  under  this 
division.  It  is  inflammation  of  the  meninges,  or  envelopes  of 
the  brain,  produced  by  (jver  exertion,  or  by  any  of  the  causes  of 
generul  fever,  and  it  is  characterized  by  tho  wildest  delirium. 
N(»thing  but  the  most  profute  blood-letting,  active  purgation, 
and  blistering  the  head,  will  afford  the  slightest  hope  of  success. 
Tetanus,  or  locked-jaw,  is  a  constant  spasm  of  all  the  voluntary 
muscles,  and  particularly  those  of  the  neck,  the  spine,  and  tho 
head,  arising  from  the  injury  of  some  nervous  fibril — that  injury 
spreading  to  tho  origin  of  the  nerve — tho  brain  becoming 
affected,  and  unl'i  rsal  and  unbroken  spastnodic  action  being 
tlio  result.  Bleeding,  physicking,  blistering  the  course  of  the 
spine,  and  the  administration  of  ojdum  in  enormous  doses,  will 
alone  give  any  chance  of  cure.  Epilepsy  is  not  a  frequent  dis- 
ease in  the  horse,  but  it  seldom  admits  of  cure.  It  is  also  very 
apt  to  return  at  the  mopt  distant  and  uncertain  intervals.  Palsy 
is  the  suspension  of  nervous  power.  It  is  usually  confined  to  the 
hinder  limbs,  and  sometimes  to  one  limb  only.  Bleeding,  pjiy- 
sicking,  antimonial  medicines,  and  blistering  of  the  spine,  are 
most  likely  to  produce  a  cure  ;  but  they  too  ot'cen  utterly  fail  of 
success.  Rabies,  or  madness,  is  evidently  a  disease  of  the 
nervous  system,  and,  once  being  developed,  is  altogether  with- 
out remedy.  The  utter  destruction  of  the  bitten  part  with 
the  lunar  caustic,  soon  after  the  infliction  of  the  wound,  will, 


518 


THE  H0R8B. 


r  »- 


however,  in  a  great  majority  of  cases  prevent  that  develop- 
ment. 

Pleurisy,  or  inflammation  of  the  serous  covering  of  the  lungs 
and  the  lining  of  the  cavity  of  the  chest,  is  generally  connected 
with  inflammation  of  the  substance  of  the  lungs ;  but  it  occa- 
sionally exists  independent  of  any  state  of  those  organs.  The 
pulse  is  in  this  case  hard  and  full,  instead  of  being  oppressed ; 
the  extremities  are  not  so  intensely  cold  as  in  pneumonia ;  the 
membrane  of  the  nose  is  a  little  reddened,  and  the  sides  are 
tender.  It  is  of  importance  to  distinguish  accurately  between 
the  two,  because  in  pleurisy  more  active  purgation  may  be 
pursued,  and  the  effect  of  counter-irritants  will  be  greater,  from 
their  proximity  to  the  seat  of  disease.  Copious  bleedings  and 
sedatives  here  also  should  be  had  recourse  to.  It  is  in  connec- 
tion with  pleurisy  that  a  serous  fluid  is  effused  in  the  chest,  the 
exister.cs  and  the  extent  of  which  may  be  ascertained  by  the 
practised  ear,  and  which  in  many  cases  may  be  safely  evac- 
uated. 

Tlie  heart  is  surrounded  by  a  serous  membrane — the  peri- 
cardium, that  secretes  a  fluid,  the  interposition  of  which  pre- 
vents any  injurious  friction  or  concussion  in  the  constant  action 
of  this  organ.  If  this  fluid  increases  to  a  great  degree,  it  con- 
stitutes dropsy  of  the  heart,  and  the  action  of  the  heart  may  be 
impeded  or  destroyed.  In  an  early  stage  it  is  difficult  to  detect, 
and  in  every  stage  difficult  to  cure. 

The  heart  itself  is  often  diseased ;  it  sympatliizes  with  the 
inflammatory  affection  of  every  organ,  and  therefore  is  itself 
occasionally  inflamed.  Carditis,  or  inflammation  of  the  heart, 
is  characterized  by  the  strength  of  its  pulsations,  the  tremor  of 
which  can  be  seen,  and  the  sound  can  be' heard  at  a  distance  of 
several  yards.  Speedy  and  copious  blood-letting  will  afford  the 
only  hope  of  cure  in  such  a  case. 

'The  outer  coat  of  the  stomach  and  intestines  is  composed  of 
a  serous  membrane — the  peritoneum,  which  adds  strength  and 
firmness  to  their  textures,  attaches  and  supports  and  confines 
them  in  their  respective  places,  and  secretes  a  fluid  that  pre- 
vents all  injurious  friction  between  them.  This  coat  is  exceed- 
ingly subject  to  inflamniation,  which  is  somewhat  gradual  iu  its 
approach.    The  pulse  is  quickened,  but  small ;  the  legs  cold ; 


I! 

I 


A^jij  _._yii'j,.,uy. 


BPAVIN. 


519 


!  prevent  that  develop- 

)U8  covering  of  tlie  lungs 
t,  is  generally  connected 
the  lungs;  hut  it  occa- 
e  of  those  organs.  The 
!ad  of  being  oppressed ; 
i  as  in  pneumonia;  the 
jned,  and  the  sides  are 
uisli  accurately  between 
tive  purgation  may  be 
nts  will  be  greater,  from 
Copious  bleedings  and 
Lirse  to.  It  is  in  connec- 
effused  in  the  chest,  the 
Y  be  ascertained  by  the 
ses  maybe  safely  evac- 

u8  membrane — the  peri- 
jrposition  of  which  pre- 
m  in  the  constant  action 
3  a  great  degree,  it  con- 
ion  of  the  heart  may  be 
;e  it  is  difficult  to  detect, 

it  sympathizes  with  the 
1,  and  therefore  is  itself 
iammation  of  the  heart, 
pulsations,  the  tremor  of 
be' heard  at  a  distance  of 
od-letting  will  aiford  the 

intestines  is  composed  of 
rvhich  adds  strength  and 
id  supports  and  confines 
secretes  a  fluid  that  pre- 
m.  This  coat  is  exceed- 
somewhat  gradual  in  its 
tit  small;  the  legs  cold; 


the  belly  tender ;  there  is  constant  pain,  and  every  motion  in- 
creases it ;  there  is  also  rapid  and  great  prostration  of  strength. 
These  symptoms  will  sufficiently  characterize  peritoneal  inflam- 
mation. Bleeding,  aperient  injections,  and  extensive  counter- 
irritation,  will  aflbrd  the  only  hope  of  cure. 

Tlie  time  for  castration  varies  according  to  the  breed  and 
destiny  of  the  horse.  On  the  farmer's  colt  it  may  be  effected 
when  the  animal  is  not  more  than  four  or  five  months  old,  and 
it  is  comparatively  seldom  that  a  fatal  case  then  occurs.  For 
other  horses,  much  depends  on  their  growth,  and  particularly 
on  the  development  of  their  fore-quarters.  An  improvement 
has  been  effected  in  the  old  mode  of  castrating,  by  opening  the 
scrotum,  and  the  division  of  the  cord  by  the  knife,  instead  of 
the  heated  iron. 

Synovial  or  joint  membranes  are  interposed  between  the 
divisions  of  the  bones,  and  frequently  between  the  tendons,  in 
order  to  secrete  a  certain  fluid  that  shall  facilitate  motion  and 
obviate  friction.     Occasionally  the  membrane  is  lacerated,  and 
the  synovia  escapes.    This  is  termed  open  joint,  and  violent  m- 
flammation  rapidly  ensues.    The  duty  of  the  practitioner  is  to 
close  this  opening  as  quickly  as  possible.     Superacetate  of  lead 
one  part,  and  water  four  parts,  may  be  applied  or  injected  mto 
the  cavity,  frequently  with  success.     A  great  deal  of  inflam- 
mation and  engorgement  are  produced   around  the   opening, 
partially,  if  not  altogether,  closing  it,  or  at  least  enabling  the 
coagulated  synovia  to  occupy  and  obliterate  it.     Perhaps,  m 
order  to  secure  the  desired  result,  the  whole  of  the  joint  should 
be  blistered.     After  this  a  bandage  should  be  firmly  applied, 
and  kept  on  as  long  as  it  is  wanted.    If  there  is  any  secondary 
eruption  of  the  synovia,  the  cautery  must  be  had  recourse  to. 

Spavin  is  an  enlargement  of  the  inner  side  of  the  hock.  The 
splint-bones  support  the  inferior  layer  of  those  r^f  the  hock,  and 
as  they  sustain  a  very  unequal  degree  of  concusbion  and  weight, 
the  cartilaginous  substance  which  unites  them  to  the  shank-bone 
takes  on  inflammation.  It  becomes  bony  instead  of  cartilaginous  ; 
and  the  disposition  to  this  change  being  set  up  in  the  part,  bony 
matter  continues  to  be  deposited,  until  a  very  considerable  en- 
largement takes  place,  known  by  the  name  of  spavin,  and  there 
is  conBiderable  lameness  in  the  hock-joint.    The  bony  tumor  is 


520 


THB  HOBSE. 


blistered,  and  probably  fired,  but  there  is  no  diminution  of  the 
lameness  until  the  parts  have  adapted  themselves,  after  a  con- 
siderable process  of  time,  to  the  altered  duty  requi.  ed  of  them, 
and  then  the  lameness  materially  diminishes,  and  the  horse 
becomes,  to  a  considerable  extent,  useful.  Curb  is  an  enlarge- 
ment of  the  back  of  the  hock,  three  or  four  inches  below  its 
point.  It  is  a  strain  of  the  ligament  which  there  binds  the 
tendons  down  in  their  place.  The  patient  should  be  subjected 
to  almost  absolute  rest ;  a  blister  should  be  applied  over  the  back 
of  the  tumor,  and  occasionally  firing  will  be  requisite  to  com 
plete  the  cure.  Near  the  fetlock,  and  where  the  tendons  are 
exposed  to  injury  from  pressure  or  friction,  little  bags  or  sacs 
are  placed,  from  which  a  lubricating  mucous  fluid  constantly 
escapes.  In  the  violent  tasks  which  the  horse  occasionally  has 
to  perform,  these  become  bruised,  inflamed,  enlarged  and  hard 
ened,  and  are  termed  windgalls.  They  blemish  the  horse,  but 
are  no  cause  of  lameness  after  the  inflammation  has  subsided, 
unless  they  become  ver^'^  much  enlarged.  The  cautery  will  then 
be  the  best  cure.  Immediately  above  the  hock,  enlargements 
of  a  similar  nature  are  sometimes  found,  and  as  they  project 
both  inwardly  and  outv^-ardly,  they  are  termed  thorough-pins. 
Tliey  are  seldom  a  cause  of  lameness ;  but  they  indicate  great, 
and  perhaps  injurious,  exertion  of  the  joint.  On  the  inside  of 
the  hock  a  tumor  of  this  kind,  but  of  a  more  serious  nature,  is 
found.  It  is  one  of  these  enlarged  mucous  bags,  but  very  deeply 
seated  ;  and  the  subcutaneous  vein  of  the  hock  passing  over  it. 
the  course  of  the  blood  through  the  vein  is  thus  in  some  meas- 
ure arrested,  and  a  portion  of  the  vessel  becomes  distended. 
This  is  a  serious  evil,  since,  from  the  deep-seatedness  of  the 
mucous  bag,  it  is  almost  impossible  to  act  effectually  upon  it. 
It  is  termed  bog  or  blood  spavin. 

Tlie  cellular  tissue  which  fills  the  interstices  of  the  various 
organs,  or  enters  into  their  texture,  is  the  seat  of  many  diseases. 
From  the  badness  of  the  harness,  or  the  brutality  of  the  attend- 
ant, the  poll  of  the  horse  becomes  contused.  Inflammation  is 
set  up— considerable  swelling  ensues;  an  ulcerative  process 
soon  commences,  and  chasms  and  sinuses  of  the  most  frightful 
extent  begin  to  be  formed.  The  withers  also  are  occasion- 
iJly  bruised,   and  the  same  process  takes  place  there,   and 


'-"'•'^mm 


-'v^smv 


FAROT. 


521 


no  diminution  of  the 
emselves,  after  a  con- 
uty  requi.  oJ  of  them, 
nishes,  and  the  liorse 
Curb  18  an  enlarge- 
bur  inches  below  its 
i^hich  tliere  binds  the 
t  should  be  subjected 
applied  over  the  back 
I  be  requisite  to  com 
here  the  tendons  are 
on,  little  bags  or  sacs 
ucous  fluid  constantly 
horse  occasionally  has 
d,  enlarged  and  liard 
lemish  tlie  horse,  but 
nnation  has  subsided. 
The  cautery  will  then 
»e  hock,  enlargements 
,  and  as  they  project 
termed  thorough-pins. 
It  they  indicate  great, 
at.     On  the  inside  of 
nore  serious  nature,  is 
i  bags,  but  very  deeply 
hock  passing  over  it, 
is  thus  in  some  meas- 
l  becomes  distended, 
eep-seatedness  of  the 
3t  effectually  upon  it. 

rstices  of  the  various 
seat  of  many  diseases, 
■utality  of  the  attend- 
ed. Inflammation  is 
a  ulcerative  process 
of  the  most  frightful 
rs  also  are  occasion- 
es  place  there,  and 


sinuses  penetrate  deep  beneath  the  shoulder,  and  the  bones 
of  the  withers  are  frequently  exposed.  Tliese  abscesses  are 
termed  poll  evil  and  fistulous  withers,  and  in  the  treatment  of 
them  the  horse  is  often  tortured  to  a  dreadful  extent.  A  better 
mode  of  management  has,  however,  been  introduced  ;  setons 
are  passed  through  the  most  dejiendent  parts ;  no  collection  of 
saiiious  fluid  is  i^ermitted  to  exist,  and  milder  stimulants  are 
applied  to  the  surface  of  the  ulcer. 

An  abscess  of  a  peculiar  character  is  found  between  the 
branches  of  the  lower  jaw  in  young  horses.  It  is  preceded  by 
some  degree  of  fevev.  It  is  usually  slow  in  its  progress,  but  at 
length  it  attains  a  considerable  size,  including  the  whole  of  the 
cellular  tissue  in  that  neighborhood.  Tlierc  is  one  uniform 
mass  of  tumefaction.  This  is  strangles.  It  seems  to  be  an  eflbrt 
of  nature  to  get  rid  of  something  that  oppresses  the  constitution, 
and  the  treatment  of  it  is  now  simple  and  effectual.  It  is 
encouraged  by  fomentation  and  blisters.  It  is  punctured  as 
soon  as  the  fluctuations  of  a  fluid  within  it  can  be  fairly  de- 
tected ;  the  pus  speedily  escapes,  and  there  is  an  end  of  the 
matter. 

Farcy. — While  the  arterial  capillaries  are  engaged  in  build- 
ing up  the  frame,  the  absorbents  are  employed  in  removing  that 
which  is  not  only  useless,  but  would  be  poisonous  and  destruc- 
tive. Tliey  take  up  the  matter  of  glanders  and  of  every  ulcer- 
ating surface,  and  they  are  occasionally  irritated,  inflamed,  and 
ulcerated,  from  the  acrimonious  nature  of  the  poison  which  they 
carry;  the  absorbents  are  furnished  with  numerous  valves  ;  the 
fluid  is  for  a  while  arrested  by  them,  and  there  the  inflammation 
is  greatest,  and  ulceration  takes  place.  This  is  the  history  of 
the  farcy-cords  and  buds.  Farcy  is  a  highly  contagious  disease, 
whether  or  not  it  be  connected  with  glanders.  It,  however, 
occasionally  admits  of  cure,  from  the  application  of  the  cautery 
to  the  buds,  and  the  administration  of  the  corrosive  sublimate  or 
the  sulphate  of  iron  internally. 

The  skin  of  the  horse  is  subject  to  various  diseases.  Large 
pimples  or  lumps  suddenly  appear  upon  it,  and,  after  remaining 
a  few  days,  the  cuticle  peels  off,  and  a  circular  scaly  spot  is  left. 
This  is  called  surfeit.  The  cause  is  obscure,  but  principally 
referable  to  indigestion.    A   slight  bleeding  will  always  be 


6S2 


THE  HORSE. 


P 
Hi?  ft 


gerviceablo.  Physic  rarely  does  good,  but  alteratives  composed 
of  nitre,  black  antimony,  and  sulphnr,  will  be  very  beneficial. 
Mange  is  a  disease  of  a  different  character  ;  it  is  the  curse  of  the 
stable  into  which  it  enters,  for  it  will  almost  .r^ertainly  affect  every 
horse.  The  rough  dressings  with  Barbadoes  tar  and  linseed  oil, 
in  the  proportion  of  one  of  the  former  to  three  of  the  latter,  will 
be  the  most  effectual  external  application,  while  alteratives  and 
physic  should  be  given  internally.  Hid«-bound  is  a  very  appro- 
priate term  for  the  peculiar  sticking  of  the  hide  to  the  ribs  when 
a  horse  is  out  of  condition.  The  subcutaneous  adipose  matter 
is  all  absoi'bed.  The  alterative  above  recommended  will  be  very 
useful  here. 

The  legs,  and  the  hind  ones  more  than  the  fore  ones,  are 
subject  to  frequent,  and  great,  and  obstinate  swellings,  attended 
with  great  pain  and  considerable  fever.  It  is  acute  inflamma- 
tion of  the  cellular  substance  of  the  legs.  Physic  and  diuretics, 
and  tonics  if  there  is  the  slightest  appearance  of  debility,  are  the 
proper  means  of  cure.  Friction  and  bandages  will  also  be  use- 
ful occasionally.  There  are  two  causes,  diametrically  opposed  to 
each  other,  which  occasion  the  legs  to  swell ;  an  inspissated  or 
plethoric  condition  of  the  blood ;  the  other,  debility  of  the  sys- 
tem. The  remedy  must  depend  on  the  cause  ;  in  the  first  case, 
moderate  doses  of  physic,  combined  with  diuretics,  according  to 
a  formula  given  at  the  conclusion ;  in  the  othor  case,  tonics, 
with  good  keep,  are  necessary. 

Gkease  is  an  undue  secretion  of  the  fluid  which  was  Jesigned 
to  lubricate  the  skin  of  the  heels;  and  that  secretion  is  also 
altered  in  quality.  The  hind  legs  begin  to  swell-  a  fluid  exudes 
from  the  heels — the  hairs  of  the  heels  become  erect  like  so 
many  bristles,  and  the  skin  of  the  heel  is  hot  and  greasy,  boon 
after-vards  cracks  appear  across  the  heel ;  they  discharge  a  thick 
and  offensive  matter,  and  then  deepen.  They  spread  up  the  leg, 
and  so  does  the  tumefaction  of  the  part.  In  process  of  time  the 
skin,  inflamed  and  ulcerated,  undergoes  an  alteration  of  struc- 
ture ;  prominences  or  granulations  appear  on  it,  assuming  the 
appearance  of  a  collection  of  grapes,  or  the  skin  of  a  pine-apple. 
They  increase,  and  a  fetid  discharge  appears  from  the  crevices 
between  them. 

The  cause  is  generally  neglect  of  the  horse.    He  is  suffered 


|ut  alteratives  coinpcsed 
ill  be  very  beneficial, 
r  ;  it  is  the  curse  of  the 
bst  'Certainly  affect  every 
oes  tar  and  linseed-oil, 
three  of  the  latter,  will 
II,  while  alteratives  and 
fi-bound  is  a  very  appro- 
he  hide  to  the  ribs  when 
taneous  adipose  matter 
onimended  will  be  very 

han  the  fore  ones,  are 
late  swellings,  attended 
It  is  acute  inflanima- 
Physic  and  diuretics, 
ranee  of  debility,  are  the 
ndages  will  also  be  use- 
diametrically  opposed  to 
iwell ;  an  inspissated  or 
her,  debility  of  the  sys- 
cause  ;  in  the  first  case, 
1  diuretics,  according  to 
the  othor  case,  tonics, 

uid  which  was  Jesigned 
i  that  secretion  is  also 
to  swell-  a  fluid  exudes 
become  erect  like  so 
hot  and  greasy,     boon 
;  they  discharge  a  thick 
rhey  spread  up  the  leg, 
In  process  of  time  the 
an  alteration  of  struc- 
u-  on  it,  assuming  the 
le  skin  of  a  pine-apple, 
ears  from  the  crevices 

horse.    He  is  sufiFered 


INFLAMMATION   OF      THE  FOOT. 


523 


to  stand  in  the  stable  with  his  heels  cold  and  wet,  which  nccefl- 
sarily  disposes  them  to  inflammation  and  disease. 

In  tlic  first  stage  of  grease,  bran,  or  turnip,  or  carrot  poultices 
will  be  serviceable,  with  moderate  physic.  Then  astringents 
must  be  employed;  and  the  best  are  alum  or  sulphate  of  copper 
in  powder,  mixed  wiih  several  times  the  quantity  of  bole 
Armenian,  and  sprinkled  on  the  sores.  Tliese  should  be  alter- 
nated every  three  or  four  day  fa.  The  grapy  heels  are  a  disgrace 
to  the  stable  in  which  they  are  found,  and  admit  not  of  radical 
cure. 

Splints  are  bony  enlargements,  generally  on  the  inside  of 
the  leg,  arising  from  undue  pressure  on  the  inner  sijlint-bone ; 
and  this  is  either  caused  oy  the  natural  conformation  of  the  leg, 
or  violent  blows  on  it.  These  excrescences  will  often  gradually 
disappear,  or  will  yield  to  a  simple  operation,  or  to  the  applica- 
tion of  the  hydriodate  of  potash  or  blister  ointment.  Sprains,  if 
neglected,  occasionally  become  very  serious  evils.  Eest,  warm 
fomentations,  poultices,  or,  in  bad  cases,  blisteritig,  are  the 
usual  remedies.  Windgalls,  if  they  are  of  considerable  size,  or 
accompanied  by  much  inflammation  or  lameness,  will  find  in  a 
blister  the  most  efifectual  remedy.  Sprains  of  the  fetlock  de- 
mand prompt  and  severe  blistering ;  nothing  short  of  this  will 
produce  a  permanent  cure.  Sprains  of  the  pastern  and  coftin- 
joints  demand  still  more  prompt  and  decisive  treatment.  If 
neglected,  or  inefificiently  managed,  the  neighboring  ligaments 
will  be  involved,  more  extensive  inflammation  will  be  set  up, 
and  bony  matter,  under  the  name  of  ring-bone,  will  spread  over 
the  pasterns  and  cartilages  of  the  foot.  Firing  alone  will,  in  the 
majority  of  cases,  be  eflici  uit  here. 

Inflammation  of  the  1  oot,  oe  acute  founder. — In  speaking 
of  the  structure  of  the  foot,  the  laminae,  or  fleshy  plates  on  the 
front  and  sides  of  the  coflin-bone  were  described.  From  over- 
exertion, or  undue  exposure  to  cold  or  wet,  or  sudden  change 
from  cold  to  heat,  inflammation  of  tliese  laminse  is  apt  to  occur ; 
and  a  dreadfully  painful  disease  it  is.  It  is  easily  detected  by 
the  heat  of  the  feet,  and  the  torture  which  is  produced  by  the 
slightest  touch  of  the  hammer.  The  shoe  must  be  removed,  the 
sole  well  pared  out,  plentiful  bleeding  from  the  toe  had  recourse 
to,  the  foot  well  poulticed,  and  cooling  medicines  resorted  to. 


524 


THE   HORBB. 


The  bleeding  should  be  repeated,  if  manifest  benefit  is  not  pro- 
cured, and  cloths  dipped  in  dissolved  nitre,  which  ore  colder 
than  tlie  common  poultice,  should  be  substituted.  After  this,  a 
poultice  around  the  foot  and  pastern  should  succeed.  Little 
food  should  be  given,  and  that  must  consist  of  mashes  and  a  cool- 
ing diet. 

Pumiced  Feet. — ^This  is  one  of  the  consequences  of  inflamed 
feet.  The  sole  of  the  foot  becomes  flattened,  or  even  convex, 
by  the  pressure  of  the  weight  above.  Tliere  is  no  cure  here,  and 
the  only  palliation  of  the  evil  is  obtained  from  the  application  of 
a  shoe  so  bevelled  oft'  from  the  crust  that  it  shall  not  press  upon 
or  touch  the  sole.  This,  however,  is  only  a  temporary  pallia- 
tion, for  the  sole  will  continue  to  project,  and  the  horse  will  be 
useless. 

Contracted  I^ki^t. — 13y  this  is  meant  an  increase  in  the  length 
of  the  foot,  and  a  gradual  narrowing  as  the  heels  are  approach- 
ed ;  and,  as  the  necessary  consequence  of  this,  a  diminution  of 
the  width  of  the  foot,  and  a  concavity  of  the  sole.  In  point  of 
fact,  the  whole  of  the  foot,  including  the  coffin-bone,  becomes 
narrowed,  and  consequently  elongated.  This  change  of  form  is 
accompanied  by  considerable  pain  ;  the  action  of  the  horse  is 
altered  ;  there  is  a  shortened  tread,  and  a  hesitating  way  of  put- 
ting the  foot  to  the  ground. 

The  frog  and  heel  should  expand  when  the  weight  of  the 
horse  descends  and  is  thrown  upon  them,  but  the  nailing  of  the 
shoe  at  the  heels  prevents  it.  Thence  the  pain  and  lameness. 
Mr.  Turner,  of  Regent  street,  obviates  this  by  a  very  simple 
method.  He  puts  four  or  five  nails  in  the  shoe  on  the  outside, 
and  only  two  on  the  inside.  There  is  then  sufficient  room  for 
the  natural  expansion  to  take  place,  and  the  foot  and  action  of 
the  horse  are  little  or  not  at  all  changed.  This  is  an  admirable 
contrivance,  and  recourse  should  always  be  had  to  it. 

The  Naviculak  Joint  disease. — ^There  are  many  horses  with 
open  and  well-formed  feet  that  are  larne.  In  every  motion  of 
the  foot,  there  h  a  great  deal  of  action  between  the  navicular 
bone  and  the  flexor  tendon  which  passes  over  it,  in  order  to 
be  inserted  into  the  navicular  bone.  From  concussion,  or 
violent  emotion,  the  membrane  or  the  cartilage  which  covers 
the  navicular  bone  is  bruised  or  abraded,  the  horse  becomes 


DISEASES    OF   THE   FOOT. 


526 


ist  benefit  is  not  pro- 

•e,  wliic'li  ore  colder 

ituted.     After  tin's,  a 

lould  succeed.     Little 

of  mashes  and  a  cool- 

soqnences  of  inflamed 
1,  or  even  convex, 
■e  is  no  cure  here,  and 
■om  the  application  of 
t  shall  not  press  upon 
y  a  temporary  pallia- 
and  the  horse  will  be 

increase  in  the  length 
e  heels  are  approach- 

this,  a  diminution  of 
:he  sole.     In  point  of 

coffin-bone,  becomes 
his  change  of  form  is 
ction  of  the  horse  is 
lesitating  way  of  put- 

sn  the  weight  of  the 
•lit  the  nailing  of  the 
e  pain  and  lameness. 
8  by  a  very  simple 
shoe  on  the  outside, 
1  sufficient  room  for 
e  foot  and  action  of 
'liis  is  an  admirable 
had  to  it. 

i"e  many  horses  with 
'n  every  motion  of 
ween  the  navicular 
)ver  it,  in  order  to 
•om  concussion,  or 
tilage  which  covers 
the  horse  becomes 


lame,  and  often  continues  so  for  life.  Tliis  disease  admits  of 
remedy  to  a  very  considerable  extent ;  no  one,  however,  but 
a  skilful  veterinary  surgeon  is  capable  of  succossfuliy  under- 
taking it. 

Sand-ckack  is  a  division  of  the  crust  of  the  hoof  from  the 
upper  part  of  it  downward.  It  bespeaks  brittlenoss  of  the  foot, 
and  often  arises  from  a  single  false  step.  If  the  crack  has  not 
penetrated  through  the  horn,  it  must,  nevertheless,  be  i>ared 
fairly  out,  and  generally  a  coating  of  pitch  should  be  bound 
round  the  foot.  If  the  crack  has  reached  the  quick,  that  must 
be  done  which  ought  to  be  done  in  every  case — a  skilful  surgeon 
should  be  consulted,  otherwise  false  quarter  may  ensue. 

False  Quarter  is  a  division  of  the  ligament  by  which  the 
crust  is  secreted.  It  is  one  of  the  varieties  of  sand-crack,  and 
exceedingly  difficult  of  cure. 

Tread,  or  over-reach,  is  a  clumsy  habit  of  setting  one  foot 
upon  or  bruising  the  other.  It  should  innnediately  and  care- 
fully be  attended  to,  or  a  bad  case  of  quittor  may  ensue.  Fo- 
mentations in  the  firet  instance,  and,  if  much  inflammation 
exists,  poultices,  to  be  followed  by  a  mild  styptic ;  tincture  of 
myrrh,  or  Friar's  balsam,  will  soon  effect  a  cure. 

Quittor  is  the  formation  of  little  pipes  between  the  crust  and 
the  hoof,  by  means  of  which  the  purulent  matter  secreted  from 
some  wound  beneath  the  crust  makes  its  escape.  Tlie  healing 
of  this,  and  of  every  species  of  prick  or  wound  in  the  sole  or 
crust,  is  often  exceedingly  difficult. 

Corns  are  said  to  exist  when  the  posterior  part  of  the  foot 
between  the  external  crust  and  the  bars  is  unnaturally  contract- 
ed, and  becomes  inflamed.  Corns  are  the  consequence  of  con- 
tinued and  unnatural  pressure.  The  cure  of  corns  must  b© 
attempted  by  removing  the  cause — namely,  the  pressure. 

Thrush  is  the  consequence  of  filth  and  unnatural  pressure  on 
the  frog.  It  is  the  cause  and  the  effect  of  contraction,  whether 
it  is  found  in  the  heels  of  the  fore  feet  or  the  hinder  ones.  It  is 
not  difficult  of  cure  when  taken  in  time ;  but  when  neglected,  it 
often  be  omes  a  very  serious  matter.  Cleanliness,  fomentations, 
dressing  the  part  with  tincture  of  myrrh,  and  frequent  applica- 
tions of  tar,  are  the  best  remedies. 

Oankke  is  the  consequence  of  thrash,  or,  indeed,  of  almost 


086 


THE   IIOK8K. 


every  disease  of  the  foot.  It  is  attendcfl  by  n  greater  or  less 
separation  of  lioni,  which  Bometinies  leaves  the  whole  of  the  solo 
bare.  This  also,  like  the  diseases  of  the  foot  generally,  is  difll- 
cult  of  cure. 

Few  things  are  more  neglected,  and  yet  of  greater  impor- 
tance to  the  comfort  and  durability  of  the  horse,  than  a  proper 
syotoi-i  of  shoeing.  It  is  necessary  that  the  foot  should  be  de- 
'er,(l<^d  from  the  wear  and  tear  of  the  roads;  but  that  very  de- 
J'inc  oo  often  entails  on  the  animal  a  degree  of  injury  and 
'  ..fferii.  arcely  credible.  Tlie  shoe  is  lixed  to  the  fot)t,  and 
often  ijittr^cres  witli  and  limits  the  beautiful  functions  of  that 
organ,  and  thus  causes  much  unnecessary  inflammation  and 
mischief 

The  shoe  of  a  healthy  foot  should  offer  a  pefectly  flat  surface 
to  the  ground.  The  bearing  or  weight  of  the  hor  e  will  then  be 
diffused  over  the  surface  of  the  shoe,  and  there  will  be  no  inju- 
rious accumulation  of  it  on  difi'erent  points.  Too  often,  however, 
there  is  a  convexity  towards  the  inner  edge,  vhicli  causes  an 
inequality  of  bearing,  which  breaks  and  destroys  the  crust,  and 
pinches  the  sensible  parts.  Round  the  outer  edge  of  the  shoe, 
and  extended  over  two-thirds  of  it  on  the  lower  surface,  a 
groove  is  sunk,  througli  which  pass  the  nails  for  the  fastening  (if 
the  shoe.  At  first  they  somewhat  project,  but  they  are  soon 
worn  down  to  the  level  of  the  slioe,  which,  in  the  healthy  foot, 
should  not  vary  in  thickness  from  the  heel  to  the  toe. 

The  width  of  the  shoe  will  depend  on  that  of  the  foot.  The 
general  rule  is,  that  it  should  protect  the  sole  from  injury,  and 
be  as  wide  at  the  heel  as  the  frog  will  permit. 

The  upper  surface  of  the  shoe  should  be  difi'erently  formed ; 
it  should  be  flat  along  the  upper  end,  the  outer  portion  support- 
ing the  crust,  or,  in  other  words,  the  weight  of  the  horse,  and 
widest  at  the  heel,  so  as  to  afford  expansion  of  the  bars  and  the 
heels.  The  inner  portion  of  the  shoe  should  be  bevelled  oflF,  in 
order  that,  in  the  descent  of  the  sole,  that  part  of  the  foot  may 
not  be  bruised.  The  owner  of  the  horse  should  occasionally  be 
present  when  the  shoes  are  removed,  and  he  will  be  too  often 
surprised  to  see  how  far  the  smith,  almost  wilfully,  deviates  from 
the  right  construction  of  this  apparently  simple  apparatus. 
Tlie  bevelled  shoe  is  a  little  more  troublesome  to  make  and  to 


|1  1).y  n  greater  or  less 
h  tlie  whole  of  the  solo 
I  foot  generally,  is  difll- 

yet  of  greater  iinpor- 
horse,  than  a  ])roper 
|the  foot  shonld  be  de- 
ids ;  but  that  very  de- 
degree  of  injury  and 
fixed  to  the  foot,  and 
tiful  functions  of  that 
ry    inflainination   aud 

a  pefectly  flat  surface 
the  hore  will  then  bo 
there  will  be  no  inju- 
1.   Too  often,  however, 
pdge,  '"liich  causes  an 
destroys  the  crust,  and 
»uter  edge  of  tlie  shoe, 
tlie  lower  surface,   a 
n'ls  for  the  fastening  of 
ect,  but  they  are  soon 
li,  in  the  liealthy  foot, 
1  to  the  toe. 
that  of  the  foot.    The 
sole  from  injury,  and 
nit. 

)e  diflferently  formed ; 
•uter  portion  support- 
:lit  of  the  horse,  and 
n  of  the  bars  and  the 
Id  be  bevelled  oflT,  in 
part  of  the  foot  may 
lould  occasionally  be 
he  will  be  too  often 
ilfully,  deviates  from 
simple    appa]-atu8. 
ome  to  make  and  to 


PARING    OF   THE    FOOT. 


687 


apply  than  that  which  is  often  used  by  the  villiige  smith  ;  but 
It  will  be  the  owner's  fault  if  his  directions  are  not  iTuplicilly 
obeyed. 

Even  at  the  commencement  of  the  operation  of  shoeing,  the 
eye  of  the  master  or  the  trustworthy  groom  will  be  requisite. 
The  shoe  is  often  torn  from  the  foot  in  a  most  violent  an<l  cruel 
way.  Scarcely  half  the  clinches  are  raised,  when  the  smith 
seizes  the  shoe  with  his  pincers,  and  forcil)ly  wrenches  it  off. 
The  shrinking  of  the  horse  will  tell  how  much  he  suffers,  and  the 
fragments  of  the  crust  will  also  afford  sufficient  proofs  of  the 
ir'achief  that  has  been  done,  especially  when  it  is  recollected 
that  every  nail  hole  is  enlarged  by  this  brut  force,  and  the 
future  safety  of  the  shoe  to  a  greater  or  less  ;  'gr  weakened; 
and  pieces  of  the  nail  are  someHmes  left  in  'he  an.,,  ance  of  the 
crust,  which  become  the  cause  of  future  misciiief. 

In  the  paring  out  of  the  foot,  also,  there  is  frecpiently 
great  mischief  dons.  Tlie  formidable  but  jris  is  still  often 
found  in  the  smithy  of  the  country  far  ^r,  although  it  is  ban- 
ished from  the  practice  of  every  respects,  jie  operator.  A  worse 
evil,  however,  remains.  By  the  butteris  much  of  the  sole  was 
injuriously  removed,  and  the  foot  vas  occasionally  weakened, 
but  the  drawing-knife  frequently  left  a  portion  of  sole  sufficient 
to  destroy  the  elasticity  of  the  foot,  and  to  lay  the  foundation 
for  contraction,  corns,  and  permanent  lameness.  One  object, 
then,  of  the  looker-on  is  to  ascertain  the  actual  state  of  the  foot. 
On  the  descent  of  the  crust  when  the  foot  is  plpced  on  the 
ground,  depends  the  elasticity  and  healthy  state  of  the  foot ; 
and  that  may  be  satisfactorily  determined  by  the  yielding  of 
the  sole,  although  to  a  very  slight  degree,  when  it  is  strongly 
pressed  upon  with  the  thumb.  Tlie  sole  being  pared  out,  the 
crust  on  each  side  may  be  lowered,  but  never  reduced  to  a  level 
with  the  sole ;  otherwise  this  portion  will  be  exposed  to  contin- 
ual injury. 

The  heels  often  suffer  considerably  from  the  carelessness  or 
ignorance  of  the  smith.  The  weight  of  the  horse  is  not  thrown 
equably  on  them,  but  considerably  more  on  the  inner  than  the 
outer  quarter.  Tlie  consequence  of  this  is,  that  the  inner  heel 
is  worn  down  more  than  the  outer,  and  the  foundation  is  lai<l 
for  tenderness,  corns,  and  ulceration.    The  smith  is  too  oftev 


i 

4 


528 


THE   HORBB. 


inattentive  to  tliiB,  and  pares  away  an  equal  quantity  of  horn 
from  the  inner  and  outer  heel,  leaving  the  former  weaker  ai>J 
lower,  and  lens  able  to  Hui)j)ort  the  weight  thrown  upon  it. 

Mention  has  already  been  made  of  the  use  of  the  bars  in 
admitting  and  yet  limiting  to  its  proper  extent  the  oxpaiiHion 
of  the  foot.  The  smitli  in  the  uuijon'ty  of  the  country  forges 
a.id  in  too  numy  of  those  that  disgrace  the  metropolis^  seems 
to  have  waged  interminable  war  witli  these  portions  of  the  foot 
and  avails  himself  of  every  oi)j)ortunity  to  pare  them  down,  or 
perfectly  to  destroy  them,  forgetting,  or  never  having  leurnod, 
that  the  destruction  of  the  l)ar8  necessarly  leads  to  contraction, 
by  removing  the  chief  impediment  to  it. 

Tlic  horn  between  the  crust  and  the  bar  should  bo  well 
pared  out.  Every  one  accustomed  to  horses  must  have  ob- 
served the  great  relief  that  is  given  to  the  hoi-se  with  corns 
when  this  angle  is  pared  out ;  and  yet,  from  some  fatality,  the 
smith  rarely  leaves  it  where  nature  placed  it,  but  cuts  away 
every  portion  of  it. 

The  true  function  of  the  frog  is  easily  understood ;  it  gives 
security  to  the  tread,  and  permits  the  expansion  of  the  heels ; 
but  the  smith,  although  these  cases  come  before  him  every  day. 
seems  to  be  quite  unaware  of  the  course  which  he  should  pur- 
sue, and  either  leaves  the  frog  almost  untouched,  and  then  it 
becomes  bruised  and  injured,  or  he  pares  it  away,  so  that  it 
cannot  come  into  contact  with  the  ground,  and  consequently  is 
not  enabled  to  do  its  duty. 

Tlie  owner  of  the  horse  will  therefore  find  it  his  interest  oc- 
casionally to  visit  the  forge,  and,  guided  by  the  simple  princi- 
ples whiclx  have  been  stated,  he  will  seldom  err  in  his  opinion 
of  what  is  going  forward  there.  He  should  impress  two  prin- 
ciples deeply  on  his  mind  ;  that  a  great  deal  more  depends  on 
the  paring  out  of  the  foot  than  in  the  construction  of  the  shoe  ; 
and  that  few  shoes,  except  they  press  upon  the  sole,  or  are 
made  shamefully  bad,  will  lame  the  horse,  but  that  he  may  be 
very  easily  lamed  by  an  ignorant  or  improper  paring  out  of  the 
foot. 

Where  the  owner  of  the  horse  has  suflScient  influence  with 
the  smith,  he  will  find  it  advisable  always  to  have  a  few  sets  of 
shoes  ready  made.     Much  time  w^ill  be  saved,  in  case  of  acci 


BAR  BliORS. 


699 


|"fitj  of  horn 
woaker  ai<J 
Jipo"  it. 
V  the  Inirn  in 
'«  oxpiuinion 
uritry  loi-^'es, 
jopolisj  seems 
Jh  of  tho  foot, 
fill  down,  or 
iiig  loarnocl, 
contraction, 

•11 1(1  be  well 

1st  ]iavo  ob- 

with  corns 

fatality,  tho 

t  cuts  away 

ad;  it  gives 
f  tho  heels; 
a  every  day, 
should  pur- 
and  then  it 
Y,  80  that  it 
eequently  is 

interest  oc- 
iple  princi- 
his  opinion  • 
8  two  prin- 
Jepends  on 
f  the  shoe ; 
ole,  or  are 
he  may  be 

out  of  the 

aence  with 
■ew  sets  of 
se  of  acci 


(lent,  and  there  ■will  not  be,  an  is  too  often  tlic  caso,  the  cutting, 
paring,  and  injuring  of  the  foot,  in  order  to  make  it  tit  the  nboe. 
"More  injury  than  would  bo  readily  believed  is  done  to  the  foot 
by  contriving  to  get  on  it  too  Hinall  a  nlioe, 

Clijm  are  often  neceHnary,  in  order  more  secnrel}'  to  fasten 
the  shoe.  They  are  little  jjortions  of  the  ujiper  edge  of  tho 
shoe  hamjnered  out,  and  turned  up  on  the  cruHt,  and  fitte<l  in  a 
little  deprcHsion  made  in  the  crust.  They  ])revent  the  shoe  from 
being  loosened  or  torn  off,  both  in  ra|)i<l  action  an<l  heavy 
(Iranglit,  and  are  therefore  used  on  all  lu'uvy,  and  on  nniny  light 
horses.  They  are  sometimes  placed  on  the  side  of  the  shoe,  and 
at  the  beginning  of  the  ([uarters,  and  on  all  horses  that  arc  ac- 
customed to  paw  violently  with  their  feet.  Necessity  alone, 
however,  will  justify  their  use. 

Tlie  calkin  is  a  prolongation  and  turning  down  of  the  shoo 
at  the  heel,  enabling  the  animal  to  dig  his  foot  more  firndy  into 
the  ground,  and  with  more  a<lvantago  throw  his  weight  into  the 
collar;  but  it  is  an  abominable  and  most  injudicious  practice  to 
place  the  calkin  on  one  side  alone,  as  is  too  often  done  ;  an  un- 
ecpiul  direction  and  distribution  of  tho  weight  and  bearing  of 
the  foot  is  oftefi  given,  which  is  necessarily  productive  of  mis- 
chief. Few  are  the  cases  which  will  justify  the  use  of  calkins 
on  the  fore  feet,  or  even  on  the  hind  feet,  except  they  are  of 
equal  height  on  each  foot ;  and  few  things  are  more  injurious  to 
the  foot  of  the  horse  than  wearing  the  same  shoe  more  than 
three  weeks  or  a  month,  let  the  work  be  heavy  or  light.  The 
shoe  never  should  be  heavier  than  the  work  absolutely  requires. 
Tliis  is  acknowledged  in  the  shoe  of  the  hunter  and  the  racer, 
and  will  tell  in  the  case  of  every  horse  after  a  hard  day's  work. 
The  calkin  is  required  on  the  outside  of  the  hind  shoes  of  hunt- 
ers, to  prevent  them  from  slipping  at  their  leaps ;  but  the  in- 
side of  the  shoe  must  be  made  of  a  compensating  thicknc  >,  to 
afford  an  even  bearing  for  the  foot. 

The  bar  shoe  is  indispensable  in  most  large  stables.  It  is  a 
very  simple  contrivance,  being  nothing  more  than  the  contin- 
uation of  the  common  shoe  over  the  heels.  The  bearing  of  the- 
sho«  may  thus  be  taken  off  from  every  weak  and  tender  part 
of  the  foot,  and  be  either  thrown  on  some  other  point  which  is 
better  able  to  bear  the  pressure,  or  diffused  over  the  foot.  It  iS' 
Vol.  XL— 34 


^mm 


mmmm 


530  THE   H0R8K. 

UBofiil  in  BoiTiocasc'H  of  bud  cornB,  which  aro  thiia  protuctod  iVoin 
injury  ;  in  Haiid-cmck,  tho  prcBsuro  may  bo  removed  from  citlior 
or  both  hi(U-«  of  tim  linHuro  ;  pumiced  fei't  iim.v  be  niihfd  by  tliid 
biioe  abovi-  tb(!  piiHHibility  of  injury  ;  and  in  tiirusli  and  in  can- 
ker not  only  \n  liie  weight  tiirown  olf  tiu)  diweaHed  part,  but  any 
kind  III'  dreoniiijj:  nuiy  be  ea«ily  retained  on  tho  Boro.  It  in  a 
shoe,  however,  that  cannot  be  wafely  used  for  any  consideralile 
time,  or,  at  h'ant,  it  reqiiiri's  occ^aHiomd  or  cvi-n  fre([nent  chan;,'e, 
on  account  of  itH  becoming  gradmilly  presHcd  down  on  the  soro 
part  beneath.  Bar  Bhoes  aro  not  Bafo  for  ubo  when  much  speed 
iB  recpiired,  and  they  are  dangerous  when  frost  is  on  the 
ground. 

llie  tip  is  a  very  diflerent  kind  of  shoe.  It  reaches  but  half 
round  the  crust.  It  is  used  when  tho  liorso  is  at  rest;  and,  the 
quarters  of  this  shoe  being  unfettered,  tho  contracted  foot  Ib 
Bometimes  enabled  to  regain  its  luitural  open  state.  It  has  been 
tried  for  road- work,  but,  as  might  naturally  be  expected,  it  ut- 
terly failed  when  often  or  long  used. 

Tho  leather  siioe  is  princii)ally  useful  when  the  foot  has  been 
injured  or  inflamed.  It,  to  a  considerable  degree,  breaks  the 
shock,  which  would  otherwise  be  ])ainfully  felt  when  tlio  foot  is 
put  on  the  ground.  It  consists  of  a  piece  of  leather  or  felt, 
about  an  inch  in  width,  which  is  placed  between  the  crust  and 
the  shoe;  and  this  very  materially  obviates  concussion.  It 
must  not,  however,  bo  long  worn,  for  the  nails  cannot  always 
be  driven  securely ;  there  will  be  too  much  play  upon  them, 
and  they  will  become  loosened ;  also  tho  holes  which  they  ac- 
curately filled  at  first  will  bo  enlarged,  and  the  crust  will  be 
broken  away. 

Tlie  sole  is  sometimes  entirely  covered  with  leather.  This 
furnishes  a  temporary  defence  for  the  foot,  but  there  is  much 
insecurity  of  fastening ;  the  tow  or  other  dressing  introduced 
between  the  sole  and  the  leather,  is  not  always  equably  distrib- 
uted, and  frequently  the  stopping  produces  a  scaly  spongy  horn, 
or  gravel  and  dirt  will  gradually  accumulate  between  the 
leather  and  the  horn,  and  the  foot  will  be  considerably  injured. 
Gutta  percha  is  substituted  with  good  effect. 

One  other  shoe,  the  invention  of  Mr.  Percival,  must  be  men- 
tioned— the  horse-sandal.     It  consists  of  a  simple   apparatus 


KOAKINO. 


681 


i  protected  iVom 
)vo»l  tVi»in  eitlier 
i)c^  niihi'd  \>y  this 
rush  1111(1  in  eaii- 
v(l  imrt,  hut  uiiy 
e  Hore.  It  ia  a 
my  coiirticUu'iilile 
friMjiu'iit  chan^^i', 
hiwii  on  the  sore 
hen  Jiiuch  speed 
frost    is    on    the 

reaches  hut  luilf 
It  rest;  and,  the 
mtriicti'd  toot  is 
ite.  It  hiiH  heen 
expected,  it  ut- 

:lie  foot  hns  been 
grei!,  hreiikd  the 
wlien  tlio  foot  is 
f  leather  or  felt, 
len  tlie  crust  and 
concussion.  It 
Is  cannot  always 
play  upon  them, 
!8  wliich  they  ac- 
the  crust  will  be 

th  leather.  This 
it  there  is  much 
jssing  introduced 
J  equably  distrib- 
2aly  spongy  horu, 
ite  between  the 
siderably  injured. 

'^al,  must  be  men- 
simple  apparatus 


Huflh'ieiifly  lijj;ht  oven  to  be  carried  in  the  pocket,  but  in  more 
fre((uently  attached  to  the  Hiiddle,  and  which,  on  tin-  Ih-k  of  u 
bIioc,  can  be  iip[>li<'d  t<>  tin-  foot  in  the  space  of  u  ininiilc,  and 
HO  Mccurely  aftacluMl  t«i  it  that  the  sportsman  may  citntinui"  the 
chase  to  llu^  end  of  tho  Ittngest  run.  The  mime  sandal  him  been 
repeatedly  worn  more  than  one  hundred  miles.  It  may  l)e  pro- 
cured from  any  respectalde  harnessniaker. 

i{oAi(iN(i.--Tiie([Mality  of  soundness  involves  several  (piestioiis 
of  no  mean  iinimrtanee,  especially  with  regard  to  those  maladies 
which  are  capable  of  being  transmitted.  It  is  very  apparent  to 
those  whose  practice  among  horses  is  extensive,  and  who  are 
best  able  to  form  accurate  opinions,  that  8i)avins  and  curbs  are 
less  freipient  than  they  were  tive-an<l-twenty  years  ago.  This 
uuiy  fairly  bo  attribut(^(l  to  the  fact,  that  considerable  circum- 
spection  has  been  exercised  in  avoi<ling  sucli  animals  for  breed- 
iii<''  purposes  as,  possessing  iieciiliur  conformations  in  their 
hocks,  would  render  their  oifspring  jiredisposed  to  those  de- 
fects. Blindness  is  certainly  less  prevalent  than  formerly. 
Superior  management  in  the  stable  has  evidently  assisted  in 
averting  this  evil;  insufficiently  ventilated,  dark  stables,  with 
an  accumulation  of  dung  to  generate  ammonia,  are  fortunately 
out  of  fashion. 

There  is  an  impression  that  roaring  is  more  frequent ;  and 
among  race-horses  it  is  not  without  foundation.  As  an  heredi- 
tary complaint,  it  may  certainly  be  traced  to  several  sources— 
to  horses  whose  progeny  have,  in  many  instances,  given  une- 
quivocal testimony  of  the  intirmity.  When  the  fact  is  seriously 
considered,  it  is  surprising  that  gentlemen  of  known  talent, 
owners  of  valuable  studs,  liberal  in  every  item  of  exj)ensc  cal- 
culated to  promote  the  success  of  their  young  racing  stock, 
should  ever  breed  from  sires  or  dams  known  to  entail  this 
V  alady  on  their  progeny.  A  veterinary  surgeon  of  great  al)ility 
ai  d  observation,  has  stated  that  every  stallion,  when  consigned 
to  the  stud,  becomes  a  roarer.  It  is  a  startling  assertion,  and 
indu("<^d  me  to  investigate  the  fact  very  minutely.  The  re.sult 
does  not  corroborate  the  statement  Vo  the  full  extent  of  the  de- 
claration, although  I  discovered  sufficient  to  load  me  to  the 
conviction  that  it  is  a  very  prevalei\t  affliction.  I  must  here, 
however,  introduce  a  reserving  clause,  arising  from  the  difficulty 


532 


THE   H0B8E. 


which  exists  of  positively  deciding  upon  every  case,  wliich  I 
shall  enter  upon  more  minutely  as  I  proceed.  In  contrrdiction 
to  the  assertion  of  the  jirofossional,  I  must  ohserve  that  at  various 
times  I  had  two  hunters,  which  were  used  for  stud  purposes 
during  the  summer ;  one  of  them  continued  in  my  possesion 
three  seasons,  the  other  two :  most  assuredly  they  were  not 
either  of  thein  roarers.  This  might  have  been,  and  very  prob- 
ably was,  prevented  by  the  work  they  performed  during  the 
hunting  season ;  for  it  is  quite  certain  that  very  many  stallions, 
especially  those  which  belong  to  private  breeding  establish- 
ments, and  are  kept  principally  for  the  use  of  those  establish- 
ments, do  not  enjoy  that  exercise  which  is  absolutely  necessary 
for  the  maintenance  of  their  health.  The  country  stallion, 
which  travels  from  fair  to  fair,  and  from  market  to  mai'ket,  is 
infinitely  more  favorably  treated  in  this  respect,  than  his  more 
highly  distinguished  brother  who  presides  over  a  private  and 
choice  seraglio. 

Roaring  may  be  divided  into  two  classes ;  that  which  must  be 
pronounced,  in  opposition  to  all  theory,  as  decidedly  hereditary ; 
and  that  which  is  produced  in  individuals  in  consequence  of  catar- 
rhal disorders,  strangles,  influenza,  or  any  other  temporary  cause 
which  establishes  inflammation,  and  a  consequent  thickening  in 
the  mucous  membrane  lining  the  trachea,  or  parts  adjacei^t, 
which  are  the  seats  of  the  disorder.  Some  persons  are  skepti- 
cal respecting  the  hereditary  transmission  of  roaring  ;  for  which 
little  surprise  can  be  entertained,  when  the  difficulties  which 
enshroud  numerous  equivocal  indications  are  enumerated.  To 
imravel  the  mystery,  the  primary  cause  must  be  ascertained ; 
for  it  would  be  exceeding  the  limits  of  truth  and  experience  to 
say  that  because  a  horse  is  a  roarer  himself,  he  will  transmit 
it  to  his  stock.  Certain  conformations,  or  rather  malformations, 
of  the  limbs, — such  as  the  legs,  the  hocks,  and  the  feet, — are 
often  transmitted  from  the  parent  to  the  offspring ;  from  which 
splints,  curbs,  spavins,  naviciilar  diseases,  and  other  infirmities, 
have  their  origin ;  and  these  are  admitted  in  the  category  of 
hereditary  complaints ;  yet  it  cannot  be  accepted  aa  a  rule 
without  exception,  that  all  the  produce  of  malformed  animals 
shall  inherit  the  imperfections  of  their  parents.  Upon  the 
principle  of  malformation  in  the  parts  immediately  or  indirectly 


CAUSES   OF   ROARING. 


5.33 


very  case,  wliich  I 
In  contirdiction 
lerve  that  at  various 
for  stud  purposes 
in  my  possesion 
ly  they  were   not 
len,  and  very  pi-ob- 
!'orined  during  the 
ery  many  stallions, 
:)reeding  establish- 
of  those  establish- 
Ijsolutely  necessary 
country  stallion, 
arket  to  market,  is 
pect,  than  his  more 
)ver  a  private  and 

that  which  must  be 
cidedly  hereditary ; 
•nscquence  of  catar- 
er  temporary  cause 
pient  thickening  in 
or  parts  adjaceqt, 
persons  are  skepti- 
roaring ;  for  which 
e  difficulties  which 
B  enumerated.     To 
st  be  ascertained; 
and  experience  to 
f,  he  will  transmit 
lier  malformations, 
and  tht!  feet,— are 
•ring ;  from  which 
1  other  infirmities, 
1  the  category  of 
3epted  as   a   rule 
alformed  animals 
ents.      Upon   the 
itely  or  indirectly 


connected  with  the  organs  of  respiration,  roaring  must  un- 
doubtedly come  within  the  definition  of  an  hereditary  cause. 
But  when  a  thickening  takes  place  of  the  mucous  membrane 
lining  the  parts  which  are  the  seat  of  the  disoi'der,  or  ossifica- 
tion of  tlie  cartilages  of  tlie  windpipe,  in  consequence  of  in- 
fiiinunation,  resulting  fi-om  bronchitis,  influenza,  colds,  or  such- 
like accidental  occurrences,  providing  no  malformation  of  the 
parts  previously  existed,  roaring  cannot  with  propriety  be  de- 
nominated hereditary.  The  difliculty  is  such  cases  is  to  deter- 
mine whether  that  malformation  of  parts  does  exist.  To  assign 
to  such  accidental  causes  as  the  latter  the  aspersion  of  heredi- 
tary transmission,  is  not  consonant  with  reason. 

There  are  as  many  degrees  or  intonations  of  roaring,  as  there 
are  notes  on  the  gamut ;  and  those  notes  ascend  from  piano  to 
forte.  This  i-enders  it  difficult  in  some  slight  cases  to  decide 
positively  whether  a  liorse  is  a  roarer  or  not ;  and  good  judges 
may  be  mistaken.  The  state  of  the  animal  very  frequently 
occasions  an  impediment  to  an  accurate  decision ;  if  he  be  in 
very  plethoric  condition,  he  will  not  unfrequently  give  slight 
indications  of  roaring ;  but  when  he  is  divested  of  that  super- 
abundance of  fat,  all  the  disagreeable  symptoms  disappear. 
The  usual  test  of  startling  the  animal,  is  by  no  means  an  infal- 
lible criterion,  neither  is  the  stethoscope  in  all  cases  to  be  relied 
upon.  There  is  biit  one  positive  mode  of  determining  the  ques- 
tion ;  the  animal  being  in  a  proper  condition,  he  must  be  ridden 
and  tried  in  all  his  paces.  With  stallions  this  proof  is  not  oft- 
en practicable ;  and  unless  they  are  badly  affected,  it  is  often 
impossible  to  prove  that  they  are  roarers.  There  is  no  point 
upon  which  the  owner  of  such  a  horse  is  so  tenacious  as  that  of 
an  accusation  that  his  favorite  is  a  roarer.  Tell  the  proprietor 
that  his  horse's  legs  are  bad,  insinuate  that  he  broke  down  in 
consequence,  he  will  receive  your  remark  with  complacency  ; 
tell  him  that  his  horse's  hocks  are  bad,  and  point  out  to  him  an 
incipient  spavin,  or  an  unequivocal  curb,  he  will  receive  your 
objection  with  indifference;  point  out  to  him  a  multitude  of 
unsymmetrical  proportions,  he  will  listen  to  you  with  calmness; 
but  only  intimate  to  him  that  you  think  his  horse  is  a  roarer, 
and  he  will  roar  in  your  ear  a  challenge  of  defiance  in  proof  of 
your  allusion. 


534 


THE   H0B8E. 


Large  horses  certainly  have  a  greater  tendency  to  become 
roarers  than  smaller  ones,  and  irritable-tempered  ones  more  fre- 
quently than  those  of  a  phlegmatic  disposition.  Several  of  the 
largest  stallions  might  be  enumerated  as  being  pi-edirposed  to 
entail  this  malady  on  their  issue.  Tliese  are  certainly  valid 
reasons  for  not  giving  a  preference  to  horses  of  lai-ge  size,  al- 
though public  opinion  predominates  in  their  favor.  Stallions 
are  more  subject  to  the  complaint  than  geldings,  and  geldings 
more  so  than  mares.  Compactly-formed  horses  of  moderate 
size  seldom  indulge  their  owners  with  music.  It  is  very  diffi- 
cult to  assign  any  reason  for  this ;  but  it  appears  that  tliere  is 
a  greater  constitutional  disposition  in  stallions  to  inflannnation 
about  the  respiratory  organs  than  there  is  in  mares  or  geldings, 
and  that  inflammation,  resulting  in  deposits  of  lymph  and 
ossification  of  the  cartilages,  produces  the  disorder.  This 
phenomenon  may  be  explained  in  consequence  of  the  sympa- 
thy whicli  is  well  known  to  exist  between  various  parts  of  the 
body. 

A  change  in  the  atmosphere  is  a  very  frequent  cause  of  in- 
flammation in  the  respiratory  organs,  and  severe  frosts,  such  as 
we  experienced  during  the  winter  of  1853  and  1854-,  are  very 
likely  to  pi'oduce  it.  In  order  to  preserve  the  blooming  condi- 
tion of  their  horses'  coats,  it  is  a  common  practice  with  grooms 
to  keep  the  stables  as  warm  as  possible  when  a  frost  sets  in  ;  but 
it  is  a  most  dangerous  observance.  Of  the  importance  of  keep- 
ing horses  warm  in  their  bodies,  there  cannot  be  a  question  ; 
but  that  is  better  regulated  by  extra  clothing.  If  the  atmo- 
sphere of  the  stable  be  raised  to  a  temperature  greatly  exceed- 
ing that  of  the  open  air,  the  horses,  when  taken  out  to  exercise 
or  work,  are  liable  to  serious  consequences,  from  the  great  in- 
crease in  the  amount  of  oxygen  which  rushes  through  the 
respiratory  organs  in  the  act  of  inspiration.  The  quantity  of 
oxygen  is  regulated  by  the  temperature  of  the  atmosphere ; 
and  there  are  few  persons  who  have  not  experienced  the  incon- 
venience attendant  upon  passing  from  an  overheati'd  ball-room 
into  the  open  air ;  and  they  generally  take  the  precaution  of 
adopting  additional  clothing.  The  case  of  the  horse  is  precisely 
analogous. 

Althougli  a  very  liberal  i^remiur^  l^q  been  offered  by  a  no- 


REMEDIES   FOR   ROARING. 


535 


Jency  to  become 
tl  ones  more  fro- 
Several  ot  the 
;  pi-edirposed  to 

cortuiiily  valid 
of  lai'ge  size,  al- 
Cavor.  Stallions 
1^8,  and  geldings 
les  of  moderate 

It  is  very  diffi- 
irs  that  there  is 
to  inflanmiation 
ares  or  geldings, 

of  lymph  and 
disorder.  This 
3  of  the  sympa- 
0U8  parts  of  the 

lent  cause  of  in- 
•e  frosts,  such  as 
I  1854,  are  very 
blooming  condi- 
ice  with  grooms 
rost  sets  in  ;  but 
jrtance  of  keep- 
be  a  question  ; 
;.  If  the  atmo- 
greatly  exceed- 
L  out  to  exercise 
n  the  great  in- 
es  through  the 
The  quantity  of 
lie  atmosphere ; 
need  llie  incon- 
eated  ball-room 
i  precaution  of 
orse  is  precisely 


bleman  as  an  additional  stimulus  to  the  profession,  the  cure  for 
roaring  has  not  yet  been  discovered.     When  it  proceeds  from 
malformation,  it  is  impossible ;  or  if  the  cartilages  of  the  wind- 
pipe become  ossified,  no  remedy  can  be  found  to  reach  those 
parts.     An  extensive  deposit  of  lymph  having  taken  place  in 
the  mucous  membranes  with  which  the  respiratory  organs  are 
defended,  comea  within  the  same  category.     A  strong  stimulus 
applied  to  the  sinews,  joints,  or  muscles,  in  the  event  of  lame- 
ness, may,  and  frequently  does,  impart  a  wonderful  effect ;  but 
it  is  a  different  affair  when  internal  organs,  such  as  those  of  res- 
piration, are  disordered  ;    those  parts  cannot  be  brought  into 
immediate  contact  with  any  application.     When  a  horse  is  af- 
fected with  inflammation  about  those  parts  which   are  the  seat 
of  the  disorder,  I."  it  be  vigorously  attacked  in  its  incipient  state 
with  the  usual  stimulating  preparations,  providing  there  is  no 
malformation  to  contend  against,  the  malady  may  in  very  many 
cases  be  prevented ;  and  a  vast  number  of  cases  of  confirmed 
roaring  are  to  be  attributed  to  neglect  or  delay  at  the  important 
crisis  of   commencement.     Those  who  would   avoid   breeding 
roarers  must  avoid  breeding  from  parents  whose  progeny  has 
evinced  a  predisposition  to  the  complaint.    So  far  every  breeder 
has  the  remedy  in  his  own  hand  ;  but  with  the  utmost  caution, 
all  living  creatures  are  subject  to  disorders ;  and  if  the  results 
are  unfortunate,  in  defiance  of  the  most  skilful  treatment,  breed- 
ers must  console  themselves  with  the  reflection  that  their  disap- 
pointments are  the  decrees  of  fate. 

The  fc.lowing  formulae  may  be  said  to  contain  most  of  the 
remedies  necessary  for  the  use  of  the  amateur :  when  dise£.,3 
prevails,  th-  safest  plan  is  to  call  in  the  assistance  of  a  veteri- 
nary practitioner. 

W  hen  calomel  or  emetic  tartar  is  given  for  the  expulsion  of 
worms,  it  should  be  mixed  in  a  small  portion  of  bran  mash,  af- 
ter fasting  the  animal  five  or  six  hours;  two  doses  given  at 
similar  intervals  will  be  most  effective.  They  must  be  worked 
off  with  linseed  oil  or  aloes,  after  an  equivalent  lapse  of  time; 
and  as  alkalies  neutralize  the  effects  of  either  of  those  medi- 
cines, soap  must  be  excluded,  if  the  form  of  ball  is  preferred. 

As  an  external  stimulating  application  for  the  throat  in 
cases  of  inflammation  arising  from  cold  or  other  causes,  com- 


»iagifciiwtiiiW' 


536 


THE  HORSE. 


mon  mustard,  mixed  with  water  as  for  the  table,  is  an  excellent 
remedy,  and  is  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  any  of  the  more  com- 
plicated nostrums. 

Wlien  cooling  remedies  are  required  to  the  legs,  cold  water 
is  the  best.  The  introduction  of  nitre  and  sal-ammoniac  will 
increase  the  evaporation ;  but  great  care  is  requisite  to  renew 
Buch  medicated  lotions  very  frequently  ;  because,  when  the  re- 
frigerating process  is  over,  they  become  stimulants :  thus,  on 
ordinary  occasions,  cold  water  .constantly  applied  with  very 
loose  linen  bandages  is  to  be  preferred. 

Table  showing  the  proportions  of  medicines  to  bo  given  to 
horses  at  various  ages, — 

Calomel  or  Tar- 

tarized  Antimony. 

Grains. 

To  foals,    ....     10 
Yearlings,  .        .        .     15  to  20 

Two-years-old,  .  .  .  20  "  26 
Tliree-years-old,  .  .  25  "  30 
Four-years-old  and  upwards,  30  "  60 


Linseed  Oil. 

Aloes. 

Ounces. 

Drachms. 

4   to     6 

V  to    ^ 

6     "    8 

i    '^    1* 

8     "  12 

2    "    2i 

12     "  15 

2i"    Si 

1     "    2 

pts.4   "    6 

Common  Aloctic  Purgative. 

Aloes  finely  powdered,      .        .     4  drachms. 

Hard  soap,  I  ^^^j^^  ^        ^    3  drachms. 

Gmger,        ) 


Mix  and  forn\  a  ball,  v  ■) !  g  the  proportions  according  to  , 
the  age  and  constitution  of  the  horse. 

Aloetic  Purgative  without  Soap. 

Aloes  broken  in  pieces,  .  .    4    drachms. 

Olive  oil  or  lard,      .  .  .1    drachm, 

Ginger  in  powder,  .  .  .2    drachms. 

Treacle,            .        .  .  .     li  drachm. 

The  aloes  and  oil,  or  lard,  must  be  melted  in  a  jar  placed  in 
a  saucepan  over  the  fire ;  and  when  melted,  the  ginger  and 
treacle  are  added.  The  aloes  must  not  be  boiled  longer  than  to 
effect  their  solution. 


PKK8CBIPTION8. 


537 


B,  18  an  excellent 
if  the  more  com- 

legs,  cold  water 
il-ammoniac  will 
iquisite  to  renew 
se,  when  the  re- 
lulants :  thus,  on 
plied  with  very 

i  to  be  given  to 


lOlL 


Aloes. 


ces. 

Drachma. 

6 

I:   to     I 

'    8 

i  '   H 

'  12 

2    "    2i 

«  15 

2i"    3^ 

'-    2  pts. 

4   "    6 

rachraB. 

rachms. 

Dns  accoi'ding  to 


Aloetio  Alteratives. 
Aloes  in  fine  powder,        .        .     2  drachms. 

Nitre, 2  drachms. 

Soap, 2  drachms. 

Mix  and  form  one  ball.  To  be  given  daily  till  a  slight  action 
of  the  bowels  is  produced. 

Antimonial  Alterative. 

'    Sulphur,         .         .  i    gach  2  to  3  drachms. 

Sulphuret  of  antimony,  ) 

Treacle  to  form  a  ball.  One  of  which  may  be  given  four, 
five,  or  six  davs  in  succession. 

The  preparation  necessary  before  giving  aloetic  purges 
ehoald  be  very  scrupulously  attended  to.  Bran  mashes  must 
be  liberally  substituted  for  hay  during  the  twenty-four  hours 
previous  to  giving  the  ball ;  and  the  horse  requires  to  be  walked 
out  during  its  operation. 

All  the  above  admirable  remarks  on  the  diseases  of  the 
horse,  with  the  formulas  for  all  the  more  ordinary  affections, 
are  taken,  without  alteration,  omission,  or  remark,  from  the 
excellent  work  by  Youatt  and  Cecil  on  the  Horse,  as  reprinted 
from  "  Knight's  Store  of  Knowledge." 

They  are  the  best  and  most  practical  of  any  thing  ever  pub- 
lished within  t!ie  same  compass,  and  should  be  in  the  hands  of 
every  horseman. 


p. 

rachms. 
rachm, 
rachms. 
rachm. 

n  a  jar  placed  in 
,  the  ginger  and 
ed  longer  than  to 


RACING  AND  BETTING  RULES  OF  THE  AMERICAN 

JOCKEY  CLUB, 

AS  ADOPTED  TO  JUNE   ISTH,  1870. 
DUTIES  OF  OFFICERS. 


Rule  L — Duties  of  Race  Steivards. — The  Race  Stewards  shall 
have  the  entire  management  of  the  racing  during  tlie  term  for 
which  they  liave  been  appointed,  and,  for  all  purposes  connected 
with  the  races,  shall  have  full  control  of  the  Course  and  Stands, 
and  the  grounds  appertaining  thereto;  they  shall  appoint  the 
Judges,  Distance  Judges,  Handicapper,  Timers  and  Starter,  either 
from  among  themselves  or  not,  as  they  may  see  iit ;  they  shall  exact 
compliance  with  all  racing  rules  within  their  province,  maintain, 
the  authority  of  the  Judges  and  Starter,  and  enforce  all  penalties 
prescribed  by  the  racing  rules ;  they  shall  be  charged  with  the  police 
of  the  Course  and  shall  have  power  to  fine,  susjiend,  rule  off,  or 
expel  any  person  for  misbehavior,  or  for  violation  of  any  regulation 
they  may  establish,  which  does  not  conflict  with  the  racing  rules. 

Rule  II. — Majority  to  Govern. — When  the  Race  Stewards  differ 
in  opinion,  the  decision  of  a  majority  shall  prevail. 

Rule  III. — Power  to  Postpone. — The  Race  Stewards  shall  have 
power  to  postpone  races. 

Rule  IV. — Substitutes  for  Absent  Steivards. — Should  there  be 
necessity  on  a  race-day  for  prompt  judicial  action  on  the  part  of  the 
Race  Stewards,  and  less  than  three  of  them  are  on  the  Course,  the 
Steward  or  Stewards  present  shall  increase  their  number  to  three 
by  selection  from  membei'S  of  the  Jockey  Club  who  have  previously 
filled  the  office ;  and  the  substitutes  thus  appointed  shall,  for  the 
occasion,  be  clothed  with  the  authority  of  official  appointees. 

Rule  V. — A  Life  Member  may  Object  to  their  Acts. — ^''  a  life 
member  of  the  American  Jockey  Club  shall  object  tc  any  act  or 
decision  of  the  Race  Stewards,  he  shall  give  notice,  in  writing,  to 
the  Clerk  of  the  Course,  who  shall  refer  the  same  to  a  General 
Meeting  of  the  Club,  to  be  held  at  an  early  day. 

Rule  YL— Duties  of  Judges. — There  shall  be  three  Judges — a 
Presiding  Judge  and  two  assistants.  The  Judge's  shall  decide  wliirh 
horse  wins,  and  assign  their  respective  places  in  the  race  to  as  many 


-F/ 


640 


THE    nORSB. 


of  the  other  horses  as  they  may  think  proper;  except,  when  in  run- 
ning the  Ix'st  of  heats,  it  is  necessary  to  i)ltK!e  all  the  horses.  Wlien 
the  Judges  differ  in  opinion,  t.ie  majority  shall  govern.  If  one  of 
the  Judges  be  in  the  stand  during  the  running  of  a  heai.  or  race,  it 
shall  not  Ix!  void.  The  Judges  shall  decide  all  disputes  relative  to 
the  racing,  and  from  their  decision  tliere  shall  be  no  appeal ;  they 
shall  receive  no  evidence  in  regard  to  foul  riding  except  from  the 
racing  officials;  they  shall  have  control  and  authority  over  the 
horses  about  to  start,  the  jockeys,  and  all  attendants  on  the  horses. 
Any  such  person  refusing  to  obey  their  orders  shall  be  fined,  sus- 
pended, or  ruled  ofi"  the  Course,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Stewards ; 
and  if  a  fine  he  not  paid  within  twelve  hours  from  its  imposition, 
the  dehnquent  shall  be  ruled  off  the  Course.  The  Judges  shall  not 
permit  any  person,  whether  an  officer  of  the  Club  or  not,  to  remain 
in  the  stand  during  the  i-unning  of  a  race,  except  the  Clerk  of  the 
Course. 

RxTLE  VII. — Patrol  Judges. — The  Judges  may  appoint  Patrol 
Judges,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  observe  the  running  of  the  horses 
from  places  designated  to  them,  and,  if  any  foul  riding  or  other  ir- 
regularity come  under  their  observation,  to  report  to  the  Judges 
immediately  after  the  heat  or  race. 

KuLE  VIII. — Distance  Judges. — During  the  running  of  the  best 
of  heats,  the  Distance  Judge  and  his  assistant  shall  occupy  the  dis- 
tance stand,  and,  at  the  termination  of  each  heat,  shall  report  to 
the  Judges  the  horse  or  horses  that  liave  been  distanced. 

Rule  IX. — Timers. — There  shall  be  one  Timer  and  one  Assist- 
ant Timer,  who  shall  occupy  the  Timers'  Stand,  and  mark  upon 
the  timing-board  the  time  of  each  heat  or  race,  which  shall  be  tho 
official  time  to  be  recorded. 

Rule  X. — Starter  aiid  Ms  Assistant. — The  Starter  shall  be  re- 
movable by  the  Stewai'ds.  He  shall  select  an  assistant.  The  state- 
ment of  the  Starter  and  his  assistant,  as  to  incidents  of  the  start, 
shall  be  conclusive. 

Rule  XI. — Duties  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Course.. — The  Clerk  of  the 
Course,  or  his  deputy,  shall  attend  the  Judges  during  each  race ;  hf 
shall  discharge  all  the  duties,  whether  expressed  or  implied,  required 
by  the  racing  rules,  and  report  to  the  Stewards  or  Judges,  as  the 
case  may  demand,  all  violations  of  those  rules  or  of  the  regul/itions 
of  the  Course,  coming  under  his  notice ;  h^  shall  keep  a  complete 
record  of  all  races,  and,  at  the  close  of  each  meeting,  make  a  report 
of  the  races  to  the  Secretary  for  publication ;  he  shall  receive  all 
stakes,  forfeit^s,  entrance  moneys  and  fines,  and  pay  over  all  money 


RULES    OF    Tllli    AMERICAN    JOCKEY    CLUB. 


641 


!cpt,  wlicii  in  nm- 
'lu  horses.    Wlieu 
■oveni.     If  one  of 
a  heai,  or  race,  it 
|li8putes  relative  to 
•e  no  appeal ;  they 
except  from  the 
Jiithority  over  the 
ints  on  the  liorses. 
ihall  be  fined,  sus- 
of  the  Stewards ; 
cm  its  imposition, 
a  Judges  shall  not 
I  or  not,  to  remain 
)fc  the  Clerk  of  the 

ly  appoint  Patrol 
ning  of  the  horses 
riding  or  other  ir- 
)rt  to  the  Judges 

mning  of  the  best 

all  occupy  the  dis- 

lit,  shall  report  to 

tanced. 

er  and  one  Assist- 

,  and  mark  upon 

?hich  shall  be  tho 

:arter  shall  be  re- 
stant.  Tho  stute- 
lents  of  the  start, 

The  Clerk  of  the 
ing  each  race ;  hf 
implied,  required 
or  Judges,  as  the 
if  tho  rcgul;itions 
keep  a  complete 
ig,  make  a  report 
shall  receive  all 
y  over  all  money 


80    collected  by  him  to   tho   Treasurer  of  the  American  Jockey 
Club. 

Rule  XII. — Duties  of  Superintendent. — It  shall  bo  tho  duty  of 
the  Superintendent  to  assign  to  applicants  such  stables  as  ho  may 
tliiuk  proper,  to  be  occupied  only  by  horses  in  preparation  for 
niciug ;  ho  shall  furnish  straw  for  bcildiiig,  for  all  such  horses,  for 
thrco  weeks  prior  to  each  meeting;  ho  shall  see  that  the  Course  is 
kept  in  order,  at  all  proper  times,  for  training  and  racing,  and  exer- 
cise such  general  control  over  it  as  may  be  necessary  to  protect  its 
condition  and  tho  rights  of  all  parties  using  it.  He  shall  have 
general  authority  to  preserve  order  and  prevent  improper  conduct 
upon  the  Course  and  grounds  connected  therew  ith,  and  shall  decide 
all  conflicting  claims  of  privileges  between  parties  occupying  them 
for  any  purpose. 

RACING  RULES. 
-Of  Age. — Eace-horses  take  their  ages  from  tho  first  of 


Stone. — Four  inches  are  a  hand. 


Rule  I. 
January. 

Rule  II. — A  Hand  and  a 
Fourteen  pounds  are  a  stone. 

Rule  III. —  Untried  and  Maiden  Horses, — An  untried  siullion 
or  maro,  is  one  who?e  rroduce  hf\s  never  won  a  registered  prize  in 
any  country.  A  maiden  horse  or  mare,  is  one  that  has  never  won  a 
registered  prize  in  any  country. 

Rule  IV". — A  Purse. — A  purse  is  a  sum  of  money  or  other  prize, 
oflfered  for  a  race  for  which  the  horses  entered  are  oljliged  to  start 
The  owner  of  a  horse  entered  for  a  purse  and  not  started,  shall  be 
ruled  off  the  Course,  unless  reasons  satisfactory  to  the  Judges  of  the 
race  in  which  the  default  occurs,  be  given  before  the  time  appointed 
for  weighing.  In  case  of  postponement  of  a  race,  all  entries  are 
cancelled. 

Rule  V. — Sweepstakes. — A  sweepstakes  is  a  race,  tho  prize  for 
which  is  the  aggregate  of  the  stakes  which  the  nominators  of  the 
horses  agree  to  deposit ;  and  if  an  additional  sum  of  money,  cup, 
piece  of  plate,  or  other  reward,  is  offered  to  the  winner,  the  race  is 
still  a  sweepstakes,  whatever  be  the  name  given  to  such  addition. 
Three  subscrihers  make  a  sweepstakes;  and  if  a  stake  has  the  re- 
quired number  of  subscribers  at  the  expiration  of  the  time  of 
closing,  and  the  number  is  afterwards  reduced  by  death  (or,  in  the 
case  of  a  produce  stake,  by  failure  of  produce),  the  race  is  not  void 
so  long  as  there  are  two  horses  left,  the  property  of  different  per- 
sons ;  and  if  the  number  is  reduced  to  two,  it  is  still  a  sweepstakes. 


542 


THE    HORSE. 


Rule  VI. — A  riutc. — A  plate  is  a  sum  of  money  or  other  |irizo 
offered  lor  a  nice,  for  wliieli  two  or  more  Iiorsesi  may  be  enlvreil  by 
the  same  person,  but  in  whielj  no  person  ean  run,  in  \m  own  niiine 
or  in  tiiat  of  any  other  person,  two  liorses  of  wliieli  lie  is  wholly  or 
in  part  owner  on  tlio  ilay  of  the  race,  unless  permitted  to  do  so  by 
n  special  elanso  in  the  articles.  Entrance  money  (o  be  jtaid  at  the 
time  of  naming.  Tlio  rules  governing  sweepstakes  do  not  a])ply  to 
this  race. 

lliLi';  VII.— /Vt/  MaMi  or  Post  Stake.— For  a  post  match  or 
post  stake,  a  snbseriljer  is  not  obliged  to  declare  the  horse  he  in- 
tends to  run  until  ten  minutes  before  the  hour  ai)pointe(l  for  the 
race. 

Nevertheless,  when  any  prize  is  added  to  the  stakes,  the  horse 
must  be  declared  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Course  at  the  usual  hour  of 
closing  entries  of  the  day  previous  to  the  race. 

Rule  VIII. — Handicap. — A  handieap  is  a  race  in  which  the 
horses  carry  weight  according  to  then*  merits,  in  the  estimation  of 
the  handicappor. 

Rule  IX. — Order  of  Starting. — In  purses,  the  places  of  horses 
at  starting  shall  be  determined  by  the  order  in  which  they  are 
drawn  from  the  box ;  in  other  races,  the  places  at  starting  shall  bo 
determined  by  lot  by  the  Clerk  of  the  Course. 

The  horse  to  which  the  pole  or  inside  is  allotted  shall  take  his 
place  on  the  inner  or  left-hand  side  of  the  Course ;  the  others  shall 
take  their  places  on  his  right,  according  to  allotment.  When,  how- 
ever, the  starting  point  is  so  situated  that  the  right  hand  side  of  the 
track  is  the  shorter,  the  horse  entitled  to  the  track  shall  take  his 
place  on  the  right,  and  the  others  shall  take  their  places  on  his  left, 
according  to  allotment.  The  winner  of  a  heat  shall  at  the  next 
start  have  tlu'  pole,  and  the  others  shall  take  their  positions  on  his 
right  or  left,  as  the  case  may  be,  in  the  order  in  which  they  came 
out  the  previous  heat. 

Rule  X. —  Omissions  of  Weiffhf.— When  a  match  or  sweepstakes 
is  made,  and  no  weight  mentioned,  the  horses  shall  carry  the  estab- 
lished weight  for  age. 

Rule  XL — Omissions  of  Distance. — When  a  match  or  sweep- 
stakes is  made  and  no  distance  mentioned,  the  distance  shall  be 
that  which  is  usually  run  by  horses  of  the  same  age  as  those  en- 
gaged, viz. :  If  two  years  old,  six  furlongs ;  if  three  years  old,  one 
and  three-quarter  miles;  if  four  years  old,  three  miles;  and  if  five 
years  old,  and  upward,  four  miles;  and  if  the  horses  be  of  different 
ages,  the  distance  shall  be  fixed  by  the  age  of  the  youngest. 


o 


BULE8    OF    TUK    AMEIUC'.VN    JOCKEY    CLUB. 


R43 


ii'iii'v  or  (jIIkt  prizo 
iiiiiy  !)(.'  eiit'jivd  by 
II.  in  hia  own  namo 
iili  111'  is  wholly  or 

■rniitti'd  to  do  so  by 
■y  (o  \n>  ])uid  at  tlie 

kc'8  do  not  npply  to 

r  a  |)08t  match  or 
ire  the  iiorso  he  in- 
•  aiiimiuted  for  the 

0  stakes,  the  horse 
it  the  usual  hour  of 

race  in  whieli  the 
n  the  estimation  of 

le  places  of  horses 
in  which  they  are 
it  starting  shall  be 

lotted  shall  take  his 
36 ;  the  others  shall 
ncnt.  When,  how- 
lit  hand  side  of  the 
track  shall  take  his 
r  places  on  his  left, 
;  shall  at  the  next 
eir  positions  on  his 
n  which  they  came 

itch  or  sweepstakes 
all  carry  the  estab- 

match  or  sweep- 
!  distance  shall  be 
0  ago  as  tliose  en- 
iree  years  old,  one 

miles;  and  if  tive 
rses  be  of  different 
youngest. 


Rule  XII. —  OmissionH  of  Ihii). —  If  no  day  is  iin'iitloued  for  u 
race,  it  shall  be  run  on  the  last  day  of  llic  mretinj,'  in  [nugivris ;  or 
siiould  it  Ix!  made  Ijotweeu  meetings,  then  ou  the  la^l  day  of  the 
next  meeting. 

UuLE  XIII. — 0/  Dress  (lull  Colors. — All  riders  muHt  be  dressed 
in  jockey  costume — cup  antl  jacket  of  silk  or  satin,  lu'eeelits  oi"  whifo 
corduroy,  cords,  ilannel  or  buckskin,  and  top-lwots.  Tiio  colors 
solectetl  by  owners  are  to  l)e  recorded  with  the  Clerk  of  the 
Course,  and,  when  thus  recorded,  aiv  not  to  i)e  used  l)y  others.  A 
list  of  all  colors  that  have  l)een  recorded  la  to  ki  jmsled  in  the 
Judges'  stand. 

Rule  XIV. — Nominalions  and  Entries. — In  all  nominations  and 
entries,  the  horse,  mare,  or  gelding  entered  must  be  clearly  identi- 
lied.  The  color,  sex,  name,  age,  sire  and  dam  must  be  given  ;  and 
if  the  dam  has  no  name,  siieh  further  pedigree  and  description 
must  bo  added  as  will  distinguish  the  horse  intended  to  Ihj  named 
from  any  other  of  a  similnr  pedigree.  If  the  dam  was  covered  by 
more  than  one  stallion,  the  names  of  all  of  thorn  must  Ikj  men- 
tioned. When  a  horse  has  run  once  over  the  Course  of  any  recog- 
nized association,  it  will  1x3  sufficient  afterward  to  give  his  name 
and  age.  If  the  name  of  a  horse  is  changed,  it  is  necessary  in 
entering  the  said  horse  to  give  his  old  as  well  as  his  new  name, 
until  he  has  run  once  under  it  over  a  Course  as  above  ;  and  if  his 
name  is  changed  again,  all  his  names  must  be  reported  for  a  like 
period. 

Rule  XV. — Nomination  of  Foreign  Horses. — No  horse  foaled 
out  of  the  United  States,  shall  run  for  any  race,  until  his  owner  haa 
produced  a  certificate  of  some  racing  club  of  the  country  where  the 
horse  was  foaled,  or  from  the  mayor  or  other  public  officer  of  the 
district,  stating  the  age,  pedigree,  and  color  of  the  horse,  and  the 
murks  by  which  it  is  distinguished,  or  has  produced  other  evidence 
of  identity  satisfactory  to  the  Stewards. 

Rule  XVI. — Insufficient  Description  a  Disqualification. — If  any 
horse  be  named,  without  being  identified  as  before  directed,  he  shall 
not  be  allowed  to  start  in  the  race,  but  his  owner  shall  be  liable  to 
pay  the  forfeit,  or,  if  it  be  a  play  or  pay  race,  the  whole  stake. 

Rule  XVII. — Fraudulent  Entry  a  Perpetual  Disqualification. — 
If  a  horse  should  fraudulently  run,  or  be  entered  to  run  for  any 
race  by  a  false  description,  such  horse  is  thenceforth  disqualified  for 
running  in  any  race,  and  the  owner  shall  be  compelled  to  retuni 
any  sum  of  money  won  in  any  race  which  the  horse  may  then  anvl 
thereafter  have  won. 


w:msimmmsmx^m!S?^*m^^mmsmmmm' 


B44 


THE    UUKHE. 


k 


When  a  Iiorso  Ima  boon  struck  out  of  on  engagoiiiunt  by  Ihu 
IRTHoii  Ugiilly  fiiliili'tl  to  do  rto,  if  thi.'  horsL'  be  |)fniiittfcl  to  Mturt  by 
mistuki!  i'or  tlie  Haiil  iiigiigciiioiit,  be  hIuiII  uot  bo  eatitlud  to  rccoivo 
the  ])rizo  or  Htukes  tbou-^'b  lie  come  iii  first. 

If  uny  liofHO  bua  been  allowed  to  Hturt  in  con8C(iuenco  of  fraud 
or  niisrcprosenliition  on  tiie  part  of  tlie  owner  or  otber  person 
biiving  cliarge  of  tlio  liorse,  that  ]HTmm  hIuiII  Iw  ruled  off  tlio 
CourHo,  and  the  horse  ahull  be  dis<iuulifled  for  running  for  uny  raco 
thereafler. 

llur.K  XY\l\.— Qualification  Dates  from  Time  of  Closing.— In 
naming  or  entering  for  auy  race  where  there  shall  l)e  any  particular 
conditions  re(|uired  as  a  (jualification  to  start,  it  shall  bo  euibcient 
if  the  borso  were  qualified  at  tlie  expiration  (rf  the  time  all  <wi.'d  for 
naming  or  entering,  and  ho  shall  not  bo  disqiialilied  by  anytliiug 
which  may  happen  after  the  expiration  of  that  time,  unless  so 
specified  in  tho  article,  or  unless  he  lK>corao  disqualified  under  the 
rules  relating  to  defaulters.  If  a  brood-mare  engaged  in  a  produce 
stake  dro])S  her  foal  before  the  first  of  January,  the  nomination  is 
void ;  and  if  she  baa  a  dead  foal,  or  la  barren,  tho  nomination  is 
void. 

Rule  XIX. — Nominations  not  to  be  Changed  after  Closing. — No 
person  who  has  once  subscribed  to  a  stake  shall  bo  allowed  to  with- 
draw his  name ;  and  no  nomination  shall  be  altered  in  any  respect 
without  tho  consent  of  all  the  parties  in  tho  race. 

Rule  XX. — Exception  to  the  Preceding  Ihile. — When  a  person 
takes  a  nomination  for  a  stake  in  which  the  forfeit  is  to  be  declared 
by  a  particular  time,  and  does  not  declare  forfeit  by  the  time  fixed 
in  the  article,  he  shall  thenceforth  be  considered  to  have  taken  the 
engagement  on  himself,  and  shall  be  held  equally  liable  with  the 
original  subscriber. 

Rule  XXI. —  Use  of  Fictitious  Names. — When  any  person  enters 
a  horse  or  subscribes  to  a  stake  under  a  fictitious  name,  or  in  the 
name  of  a  person  not  fully  identified  at  the  time,  he  shall  be  con- 
sidered in  all  respects  as  the  owner  of  the  horse  and  as  the  sub- 
scriber to  the  stake,  and  in  the  event  of  the  forfeit  not  being  paid, 
his  real  name  shall  be  published  in  the  Forfeit  List.  Every  person 
who  wishes  no^  to  engage  his  horses  in  his  oAvn  name  must  adopt 
some  name  which  must  be  registered  with  tho  Clerk  of  the  Coui-se, 
and  he  cannot  enter  in  axiy  other  until  the  change  is  duly  notified 
to  him.  No  person  who  enters  horses  in  an  assumed  name  shall  be 
allowed  to  adopt  and  register  as  such  the  same  name  as  that  of  any 
gentleman  who  runs  his  horses  in  his  own  name. 


0 


ingHgeiiu-nt  l)y  thu 

rmitUcl  to  sUirt  by 

0  outitlcd  to  receive 

)nMo<|uonco  of  fVaiul 

i"  or  otiior  ptTHoii 

Ih)  ruled  off  tlio 

lunijig  for  tiny  racts 

line  of  Closing.— In 
II  Ih!  uny  purtittulur 
t  Bhall  bo  HuiJ.r  iint 
lie  finio  all  i^swl  I'or 
uililied  l)y  anything 
at  time,  xmless  so 
Hiuiilified  under  the 
gaged  in  ii  produce 
',  the  nomination  is 
,  tho  nomination  is 

after  Closing. — No 
bo  allowed  to  with- 
tered  in  any  respect 

le. — When  a  person 
bit  is  to  bo  declared 
it  by  the  time  fixed 
I  to  have  taken  the 
illy  liable  with  the 

1  any  person  enters 
)U8  name,  or  in  the 
le,  he  shall  be  con- 
so  and  as  the  sub- 
feit  not  being  paid, 
list.  Every  person 
I  name  must  adopt 
urk  of  the  Course, 
ige  is  duly  notified 
med  name  shall  be 
irae  as  that  of  any 


^'<^S^^ 


saa^   ...a; 


"V^ 


3*  v"^ 


? 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


11.25 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


inn 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


's 


s' 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


RULES    OF    THE    AMERICAN    JOCKEY    CLUB. 


-a: 


Rule  XXU.— Unauthorized  Xoniimitious.— Any  \-)i'rson  entor- 
ino-  or  nominating  a  horse  for  a  race  without  authority  h'om  the 
owner,  shall  be  responsible  for  the  stake  or  forfeit;  entrance  money 
shall  be  retained  and  added  to  the  prize ;  and  the  horse  shall  be  dis- 
qualified for  running  in  any  race  until  Ihe  stake  or  forfeit  is  paid, 
unless  the  owner  shall  have  promptly  disavowed  the  act  by  letter 
addressed  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Course.  Publication  of  the  entry  or 
nomination  shall  l)e  held  as  notice  to  the  owner.  If  it  shall  appear 
to  the  Stewards  that  the  authority  denied  has  been  granted,  the 
owner  shall  also  be  responsible  for  the  stake  or  forfeit,  and  the  horse 
shall  be  disqualified  for  running  in  any  race  until  it  is  paid  ;  mid  if 
the  Stewards  believe  that  any  fraiul  was  designed,  all  persons  impli- 
cated therein  shall  be  ruled  off  the  Course. 

Rule  XXlII.—JVominations  not  required  to  he  made  on  Sunday. 
— When  the  day  fixed  for  the  closing  of,  or  naming  for,  any  stake 
or  plate,  or  for  declaring  forfeit  or  produce,  shall  fall  on  Sunday, 
subscriptions,  nominations,  or  declarations  for  such  stake  or  plate 
may  be  received  on  the  following  day ;  provided  that  there  is  an 
interval  of  one  day  between  the  day  of  cloL-ing  naming  or  declaring 
and  the  day  of  running. 

RuT,E  XXIY.— Allowance  of  WeigU  in  certain  cases.— In  every 
race  in  which  there  is  an  allowance  of  weight  to  the  produce  of 
untried  horses  or  maros,  or  to  maiden  horses  or  mares,  such  allow- 
ance shall  not  be  made  unless  claimed  before  the  expiration  of  the 
time  for  naming. 

Rule  XXV. — Nominations  in  Stakes  in  event  of  Death. — All 
nominations  in  stakes  are  void  by  the  death  of  the  subscriber,  ex- 
cept where  a  horse  is  sold  with  his  engagements,  and  a  written 
acknowledgment  from  both  purchaser  and  seller  has  been  delivered 
to  the  Clerk  of  the  Course,  previous  to  the  death  of  the  original 
subscriber. 

If  any  of  the  parties  to  a  joint  nomination  die,  all  its  privileges 
and  responsibilities  attach  to  the  survivors. 

The  death  of  a  horse  does  not  release  the  nominator  or  pur- 
chaser from  liability  for  a  stake  or  forfeit. 

Rule  XXYl.— Entries  in  Plates  not  Void  by  Death.— Entr'm  in 
plates  are  not  void  by  the  death  of  the  nominator,  and  are  trans- 
ferred to  and  become  the  privilege  of  the  actual  owner,  unless  the 
horse  has  been  sold  without  his  engagements. 

Entrance  money  for  a  plate  is  not  to  be  returned  on  the  death 
of  a  horse. 

Rule  XXVII.— ^??^nes  to  Purses.— AW  entries  of  horses  to  run 

Vol.  IL— 35 


•;■«: 


ii 

Am 


!**• 


546 


THE    HORSE. 


for  u  purse,  shall  lie  made  rinder  cover,  and  deposited  with  the  Ch  rk 
of  the  Course,  in  a  box  kept  for  that  purpose,  at  the  Judges'  Staiul, 
between  three  and  four  o'clock  P.  M.  of  the  day  previous  to  tlic 
race,  unless  the  races  of  the  day  be  not  finished  by  the  first  hour 
named  ;  and  in  such  case,  thirty  minutes  after  the  close  of  the  last 
race.  No  entry  shall  be  received  af  ci"  the  time  specified;  and  the 
box  shall  not  be  opened  except  in  the  presence  of  an  officer  or  life 
member  of  the  Jockey  Club. 

Rule  XXYIII.— Respecting  Stakes  and  Forfeits.— AW  stakes 
shall  be  put  in  the  hands  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Course  before  the 
riders  are  weighed.  On  the  deposit  of  a  stake,  the  right  to  forfeit 
ceases.  When  any  person  has  more  than  one  nomination  in  a  stake, 
he  shall  not  be  allowed  to  start  any  horse  for  it  unless  the  forfeits 
be  paid  for  every  horse  which  does  riot  start,  belonging  to  him,  or 
standing  in  his  name,  or  in  the  same  name  as  the  horse  which 
runs,  as  well  as  the  stakes  for  those  which  do. 

Rule  XXIX.— Arrears  of  Owners  and  Namers  to  he  paid  before 
Starting.— '^0  person  shall  start  a  horse  for  any  race,  cither  in  his 
own  name  or  that  of  any  other  person,  unless  both  the  owner  and 
namer  of  such  horse  shall  have  paid  all  former  stakes  and  forfeits ; 
and  this  rule  shall  extend  to  forfeits  incurred  on  any  Course  under 
the  control  of  any  recognized  association,  provided  an  official  notice 
of  such  forfeits  being  due  shall  have  b  on  received  by  the  Clerk  of 
the  Course,  and  published  in  the  Forfeit  List. 

Rule  XXX.— Arrears  dm  for  a  Horse  to  he  paid  before  he  can 
start. — No  horse  shall  start  for  any  race  unless  all  former  stakes 
and  forfeits  due  for  that  horse  be  paid  before  starting,  provided 
notice  has  been  given  as  above. 

Rule  XXXI.— 77te  Forfeit  List.— A  list  of  unpaid  forfeits,  with 
the  name  of  the  subscriber  to  the  stake,  and  the  name  or  descrip- 
tion of  the  horse,  with  the  name  or  sufficient  description  of  the  stake, 
and  the  amount  of  the  forfeit  due,  shall  be  attached  to  the  official 
summary  of  the  meeting ;  and  they  shall  continue  to  be  published 
until  paid.  A  similar  list  shall  uo  posted  in  a  conspicuous  place  in 
the  Judges'  Stand,  in  the  office  of  the  American  Jockey  Club,  and, 
jihould  there  be  a  recognized  "  betting-room,"  there  also. 

Rule  XXXII.— Persows  appearing  in  Forfeit  List  Disqualified. 
—  No  -person  whose  name  shall  appear  in  the  published  forfeit  list 
shall  be  entitled  to  enter  or  run  a  horse  for  any  race  whatever, 
cither  in  his  own  name  or  in  the  name  of  any  other  person,  until 
he  shall  have  paid  up  all  the  forfeits  in  respect  of  which  his  name 
appears  in  the  list 


BULKS    OF    Tin:    AMLllICAK    JOCKEY    CLUB. 


517 


h  the  Clerk 
Igcs'  Stuml, 
ious  to  the 
iC  flret  hour 
3  of  the  last 
L'd ;  and  the 
ifRcer  or  life 

-All  stakes 
3  before  the 
;ht  to  forfeit 
1  in  a  stake, 
i  the  forfeits 
g  to  him,  or 
horse  which 

!  paid  lefore 
;ither  in  his 
I  owner  and 
md  forfeits ; 
lourse  under 
fficial  notice 
the  Clerk  of 

hefore  he  can 
armer  stakes 
ng,  provided 

Forfeits,  with 
e  or  descrip- 
of  the  stake, 
;o  the  official 
be  published 
IOUS  place  iu 
jy  Club,  and, 

Disqualified. 
ed  forfeit  list 
ce  whatever. 


person. 


until 


ich  his  name 


Rule  XXXllL—Ihrses  apimrincj  in  Forfeit  List  not  qualified 
to  be  entered.— '!!io  horse  which  appears  iu  the  published  forltit  Hst 
shiiU  be  (|Uiilified  to  be  entered  or  to  run  fur  any  race  whatever, 
until  the  forfeits  mentioned  iu  the  said  list,  as  duo  for  such  horse, 
shall  have  been  i)uid. 

Rule  XXXIY. —Suspected  Nominations  may  he  struck  otit.—lvi. 
order  t;o  prevent  persons  who  are  defaulters  from  evadiug  tliese  laws, 
and  continuing  to  engage  liorses  by  the  use  of  fictitious  names,  the 
Stewards  sliall  have  the  power  of  calling  upon  the  nominator  to 
produce  satisfactory  testimony  that  the  horse  named  is  not  the 
property,  either  wholly  or  in  part,  of  any  person  whose  name  ap- 
pears in  the  published  list  of  defaulters,  and,  if  the  nt)minator 
shall  fail  to  do  so,  the  Stewai'ds  may  cause  the  nomination  to  be 
erased. 

Rule  XXXV.— Liability  for  Engagements  of  Horses  Sold.— 
When  a  horse  is  sold  with  his  engagements,  or  any  part  of  them, 
the  seller  has  not  the  power  of  striking  the  horse  out  of  the  engage- 
ments with  which  he  is  sold ;  but  as  the  original  subscriber  remains 
liable  to  the  respective  winners  for  the  amount  of  the  forfeits 
in  each  of  these  engagements,  lie  may,  if  compelled  to  pay  them  by 
the  purchaser's  default,  place  the  forfeit  on  the  forfeit  list,  in  the 
usual  manner,  as  due  from  the  purchaser  to  himself,  and  until  this 
forfeit  is  repaid,  both  the  purchaser  and  the  horse  remain  under  the 
same  disabilities  as  if  the  purchaser  had  been  the  original  sub- 
scriber. In  all  "ases  of  sale  by  private  treaty,  the  written  acknowl- 
edgment of  both  i,^rties  that  the  horse  was  sold  with  his  engage- 
n  ents  is  necessary  to  entitle  the  buyer  or  seller  to  the  benefit  of 
this  rule ;  but  when  the  horse  is  sold  by  public  auction  the  adver- 
tised conditions  of  the  sale  are  sufficient  evidence,  and  if  he  has 
been  daimed  as  the  winner  of  a  race  of  which  it  was  a  condition 
'  that  the  winner  was  to  be  sold  with  his  engagements,  this  also  is 
sufficient 

Rule  XXXVI. — Forfeits  paid  as  above  may  be  placed  on  Forfeit 
List. — When  a  oerson  has  a  horse  engaged  in  the  name  of  another 
person,  and  is  entitled,  by  purchase  or  otherwise,  to  start  the  horse 
for  such  engagement,  but  is  prevented  by  any  of  the  preceding  laws 
from  starting  his  horse  without  previously  paying  up  forfeits  to 
which  he  is  not  otherwise  liable,  he  may,  if  he  pays  these  forfeits, 
start  his  horse,  and  have  the  forfeits,  with  the  names  of  the  horses 
for  which  they  are  due,  placed  on  the  forfeit  list  in  the  usual  man- 
ner, as  due  to  himself. 


■iimmaBMBawrR-gaHBKia'ig 


548 

Rule  XXXVIL- 
carriL'd,  viz.: 


THE    HORSE, 


•  WeUjhts. — The    following   weights    shull 


lbs. 

75 

90 

95 

108 

111 

118 


Two-yeur-olds  sliiill  carry    ....         ... 

Throe-year-okls  shall  carry  ,        , 

anil  after  1st  iSi'pteinhcr 

Four-year-oUls  shall  carry 

Five-year-olds  shall  carry 

Six-year-olds,  and  upwardp,  shall  carry       .... 

In  all  races  exclusively  for  three-year-olds  the  weights  shall  he 
one  hundred  and  ten  pounds,  and  m  all  races  exclusively  for  two- 
year-olds,  the  weight  shall  be  one  hundred  pounds.  Except  in 
handicaps  and  in  races  where  the  weights  are  fixed  absolutely  in  the 
articles,  three  pounds  shall  be  allowed  to  mares  and  geluir.gs. 

Rule  XXXVIII.— /'m/Aer  He(y</6'.— Feather-weights  shall  be 
considered  seventy-five  pounds;  the  usual  declaration  must  be 
made  when  the  jockey  carries  above  that  weight. 

Rule  XXXIX.— IFc/ifcr  IFctir/zis.— Welter-weights  shall  be  two 
stones  added  to  the  respective  weight  for  age. 

Rule  XL. — Of  Names  and  Kumhers. — The  name  of  every  hor.s:- 
intended  to  start  in  any  race  except  a  itursc  must  be  notified  to  lie 
Clerk  of  the  Course,  and  Ins  number  be  exhibited,  ten  minutes 
before  the  race ;  and  if  any  alteration  be  made  in  the  numbers  after 
they  have  been  exhibited,  the  Judges  may  call  upon  the  owner,  or 
trainer,  or  jockey,  for  an  explanation.  If  this  is  not  satisfactory, 
the  owner  or  trainer  may  be  fined,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Judges, 
in  any  sum  not  exceeding  $100.  and  the  horse  shall  not  be  allowed 
to  start  in  another  race,  until  the  fine  is  paid. 

Rule  XLI. — To  Weigh  before  and  after  Bace. — A  jockey  is  re- 
quired to  show  the  weight  his  horse  is  about  to  carry,  to  the  Clerk 
of  the  Course,  at  the  usual  place  of  weighing,  at  least  10  minutes 
before  the  race,  unless  excused  by  the  Judges  for  some  special 
reason,  in  which  case  the  fact  must  be  notified  to  the  Clerk  of  the 
Course.  A  violation  of  this  rule  shall  be  punished  by  fine,  at  the 
discrction  of  the  Judges. 

Every  rider  shall,  immediately  after  the  race  or  heat,  ride  his 
horse  to  the  usual  place  of  weighing,  then  and  there  alight,  aflor 
obtaining  the  consent  of  the  Judges,  and  not  before,  and  weigh  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Course,  before  doing  which  b" 
is  forbidden  to  touch  any  thing  beyond  the  equipments  of  his  horpf^. 
Uatil  ordered  to  dismount  by  the  Judges,  the  rider  must  not  suffei- 
(ftny  person  to  touch  or  put  cover  on  his  horse.    The  person  unsad- 


UULE3    OF    THE    AMEUICAX    JOCKEY    CLUB. 


549 


)    bIiuU    bo 

ibi. 

.  76 

.  90 

.  95 

.  108 

.  114 

.  118 

ts  sliall  be 
!ly  for  two- 
Except  in 
itely  in  the 
ings. 

its  shall  be 
1  must  be 

lall  be  two 

every  hors:':- 
ifled  to  lie 
in  minntcs 
tnbers  after 
B  owner,  or 
atisfactory, 
he  Judges, 
be  allowed 

ickey  is  re- 
)  the  Clerk 
10  minutes 
me  special 
lerk  of  the 
fine,  at  the 

it,  ride  his 
.light,  after 
d  weigh  to 
g  which  h" 
f  his  horf"^. 
t  not  suffer 
son  "insad- 


illin-'  the  horse  shall,  as  soon  as  the  saddle  and  eiiuipments  are  re- 
moved, hand  them  to  the  rider,  wiio  shiill  immediately  curry  them 
to  the  scale  to  be  weighed.  If  the  rider  be  diHul.led  by  an  acculmt 
to  lumself  or  horse,  whieli  should  render  him  mcc;pable  of  ruling 
I  aek,  he  may  walk  or  be  carried  to  the  scale. 

If  the  jockey  dismounts  witliout  permission,  or  otherwise  vio- 
lates this  rule,  his  burse  is  dis(iuali(ied  for  winning  the  race  at  issue, 
unless  he  can  allege  extraordinary  circumHUiiices,  the  sufficiency  of 
which  must  be  decided  by  the  .Judges. 

If  a  jockey  riding  a  beaten  horse  does  not  return  to  weigh,  bo 
shall  be  fined  not  less  than  (6:35  nor  more  than  $100  and  shall  not 
ride  until  the  fine  is  paid;  and  if  it  can  be  proved  that  the  owner 
or  trainer  connived  at  this  violation  of  the  law,  they  shall  be  fined 
*100  each,  and  the  horse  shall  be  disciualified  for  running  in  any 
race,  until  all  the  fines  are  paid. 

The  jockey  is  to  be  weighed  with  all  the  equipments  of  bi3 
horse,  except  the  bridle,  which  it  is  optional  with  him  to  weigh, 
unless  required  .o  do  so  by  the  Clerk  of  the  Course ;  but  nothing 
shall  be  weighed  off  that  has  not  been  weighed  on.  No  whip,  or 
substitute  for  a  whip,  shall  be  allowed  in  the  scales  in  order  to 
make  weight,  but  if  one  has  been  carried  by  the  jockey,  its  weight 
shall  be  reported  to  the  Judges  by  the  Clerk  of  the  Course,  in  case 
the  weight  thus  carried  would  be  sufficient  to  disqualify  the  horse. 
An  allowance  of  1  lb.  will  be  made  for  a  curb  or  double  bridle,  but 
no  weight  is  allowed  for  a  snaffle  bridle,  unless  it  is  put  in  the  scale 
before  the  horse  is  led  away. 

Horses  not  bringing  out  the  weight  shown  before  the  race,  or 
within  1  lb.  of  it,  shall  be  disqualified  for  winning  tlic  race;  but 
the  Judges  may  make  allowance  for  ovei-plus  occasioned  by  exposure 

to  rain  or  mud. 

Rule  XLIl.—Over-ioeigltL—'Esich  jockey  shall  be  allowed  two 
pounds,  and  no  more,  above  the  weight  specified  for  his  horse  to 
carry,  (all  allowances  to  which  he  is  entitled  being  deducted,)  unless 
a  declaration  of  the  extra  weight  the  horse  is  about  to  carry  has 
been  made  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Course  at  least  10  minutes  before 
the  race;  and  the  extra  weight  shall  be  announced  or  appended 
to  the  horse's  numljer  when  it  is  put  up;  and  the  weight 
each  horse  actually  carried,  if  more  than  2  lbs.  above  his  weight, 
shall  be  stated  in  the  published  summary  of  the  meeting:  but  in 
no  case  shall  a  horse  be  allowed  to  start  carrying  more  than  five 
pounds  over-weight,  unless  the  Judges  should  be  unable  to  decide 
before  the  race  to  what  penalties  the  horse  is  liable  or  to  what  allow- 


II 


550 


THE  nOBSE. 


nnoes  lio  is  entitled,  in  which  cuso  he  may  start  with  any  weiglit  liis 
owner  may  Miiiik  jirojier  to  put  up.  No  horse  eiui  Iw  ilis(iuulifio(l 
for  winning  on  uccount,  of  overwoiglit  witli  wliich  he  lituj  been 
allowed  to  start. 

Rule  XLIII. — Riders  Falling.— li  a  rider  fall  from  his  horse 
while  riding  a  heat  or  race,  and  another  penson  of  sulVicieiit  weight 
ri<le  him  in,  no  penally  shall  1k'  exacted  for  over-weight,  and  the 
liorse  shall  not  be  dis(|naliHed  for  winning,  if  brought  back  to  the 
sjiot  where  the  rider  fell. 

Rule  XLIV. —  Oirr-ircif/ht  for  Purse. — The  owner  of  a  horso 
entered  for  a  purse  and  not  allowed  to  start,  owing  to  non-compli- 
ance with  the  rules  relative  to  weights,  shall  be  lined  not?  less  than 
1100,  nor  more  than  i(250,  to  lie  paid  witliin  twelve  hours,  under 
penalty  of  being  ruled  olf  the  Course  ;  and  if  the  Stewards  believe 
that  the  violatiim  was  intended  to  evade  tiie  obligation  to  start,  the 
horse  shall  bo  discjualilied  for  running  in  any  race  until  the  fine  is 
paid,  and  the  owner  shall  also  be  ruled  rif  the  Course. 

Rule  XLV. — Of  Star  Unci. — The  horses  shall  be  started  bj  a 
flag,  unless  otherwise  ordered  by  the  Stewards,  and  there  sluill  be  no 
start  until,  and  no  recall  after,  the  Assistant  Starter  drops  his  flag, 
in  respoiiFj  to  the  signal  from  his  chief.  The  liorses  shall  be  sum- 
moned lor  each  heat  or  race  by  the  bugle-eall  or  bell  on  the  Judges' 
Stand. 

Rule  XLVI. — Horses  going  to  post  considered  Starting. — When 
the  riders  of  the  horses  brought  out  to  run  for  any  race  are  called 
upon  by  the  person  appointed  to  start  them  to  take  their  places  for 
that  purpose,  every  horse  which  comes  up  to  the  post  shall  be 
considered  as  starting  in  the  race  ;  and  when  the  start  is  ordered  by 
tiie  Assistant  Startei-'s  flag,  any  person  refusing  to  start  one  of  the 
horses,  because  of  a  bad  start,  or  for  any  other  reason  deemed  insuf- 
ficient by  the  Stewards,  shall  be  ruled  ofif  the  Course. 

Rule  XLVII. — Poiuer  of  Starter. — The  Starter  is  prohibited 
from  making  a  running  start ;  the  horses  must  walk  up^  and  be 
started  from  a  walk.  He  has  authority  to  order  the  jockeys  up  in 
a  line  £.3  far  behind  the  sta\  ting-post  as  he  may  think  proper,  and 
any  jockey  disobeying  the  orders  of  the  Starter,  or  taking  any 
unfair  advantage,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  or  suspension  accord- 
ing to  the  nature  or  degree  of  the  offence,  at  the  discretion  of  the 
C*-r:r\fi[,  subject,  however,  to  the  revision  of  the  Stewards ;  and  any 
jockey  who  is  fined  and  does  not  pay  the  fine  within  twelve  hours 
fr^m  its  imposition,  shall  be  ruled  off"  the  Course. 

Rule  XLVIIL — Of  Aids. — No  person  shall  be  permitted  to  turn 


RULES  OF  TIIF,   A.MF.UICAN   JOCKRY  CLUU. 


6fA 


wc'iglit  liiH 

lisniialifiod 

lius  been 

I  his  horse 
L'ut  weight 
it,  iinJ  the 
)acl{  to  the 

of  11  horse 
ou-compli- 
t?  less  than 
nirs,  under 
irds  believe 
o  start,  the 
.  the  line  is 

arted  bj  a 
sluill  be  no 
)s  his  flag, 
ill  be  sum- 
;he  Judges' 

ng. — When 
!  are  called 
r  places  for 
st  shall  be 
ordered  by 
one  of  the 
med  insuf- 

prohibited 
Lip^  and  be 
jkeys  np  in 
proper,  and 
taking  any 
ion  accord- 
tion  of  the 
s ;  and  any 
v'elve  hours 

;ted  to  turn 


or  lead  a  horse  to  the  post;  tlu  horses  shall  be  starLnl  by  their 
jockeys,  and  no  other  person  shall  stnke  a  horse  to  g"t  him  from 
the  post,  or  during  the  running  of  a  nice,  nor  shall  any  person 
stand  in  the  track  to  point  out  a  path  for  the  rider.  A  violation  of 
■  this  rule  shall  be  punished  at  the  discn  tion  cf  the  Stewards. 

RtJi-E  XUX.— 0/  False  Starts.— Vfhon  a  false  start  is  made,  no 
horse  making  the  false  start,  nor  any  horse  remaining  at  the  post, 
shall  have  clothes  thrown  upovi  him,  or  water  j  'ven  him,  or  his 
mouth  sponged  out;  nor  shall  the  rider  be  permitted  to  dismount; 
nor  shall  any  delay  be  permitted  ;  but  the  horses  shall  Ik*  started  as 
soon  as  brought  back  to  the  post.  Horses  making  a  false  start  shall  • 
return  to  the  post  by  the  shortest  way ;  and  if  the  Starter  perceive 
that  a  longer  way  is  talen,  he  shall  not  delay  i  he  start  for  them  ; 
any  infringement  of  this  rule  shall  be  punished  by  fine  or  sus- 
pension, .U  th.-  discretion  of  the  Starter,  subject,  however,  to  the 
revision  of  the  Stewards.  When  a  false  start  is  made,  and  the  horse 
refuses  to  return  to  the  post,  the  Starter  may  permit  him  to  be  led 
back  behiud  the  post,  and  then  let  loose.  Any  person  fined  under 
this  rule,  who  doi  s  not  pay  the  fine  within  twelve  hours  from  its 
imposition,  shall  be  ruled  off  the  Course. 

Rule  L.— 0/  Accident.— If  an  accident  happen  to  a  horse  or 
rider,  the  Starter  may  grant  a  reasonable  delay,  not  to  exceed  fifteen 
minutes,  which,  in  extreme  cases,  may  he  extended  by  the  Juilges. 

Rule  U.— Of  Bolting.— If  any  horse  shall  run  from  the  Course 
into  the  field,  ho'shall  be  disqualified  for  winning  the  race,  although 
he  may  come  out  ahead,  unless  he  turn  and  again  enter  the  Course 
at  the  point  from  which  he  swerved. 

Rule  Lll.— Foul  Hiding.— If  in  running  for  any  race,  one 
horse  shall  cross  or  jostle  another,  so  as  to  impede  him,  such  horse 
is  disqualified  for  winning  the  race,  whether  such  jostle  or  cross 
happened  by  the  swerving  of  the  horse,  or.  by  the  foul  or  careless 
riding  of  the  jockey,  or  otherwise. 

J^  though  a  leading  horse  is  entitled  to  any  part  of  the  Course,  if 
he  ST  erves  to  either  side  when  a  horse  is  so  near  him  that  the  latter 
is  compelled  to  shorten  his  stride ;  or  if  a  horse  strikes  another 
while  ranning  a  race,  so  as  to  injure  or  impede  him;  or  if  a  jockey 
strikes  or  does  any  net  of  violence  to  another  jockey  or  horse, 
during  the  ranning  of  a  race,  it  is  foul  riding,  which  in  all  cases, 
whether  accidental  or  not,  disqualifies  the  horse  for  winning  the 
race ;  and  if  the  judges  are  satisfied  that  the  riding  was  intentionally 
foul,  OT  that  the  jockey  was  instructed  or  induced  so  to  ride,  all  per- 
sons guilty  of  complicity  in  the  offence  shall  be  ruled  off  the  Course. 


653 


TlfK   HOUSE. 


<V1icn  a  lioi-HO  h  dlsiiiiiilififtl  fur  Tdiil  ridinrr,  tlic  jicnalty  nttaclios 
to  every  hortjc  in  the  race  beluiigiiijf  uliolljr  or  in  imrt  to  tlic  Hiitno 
owner. 

Ctiinplaiiits  of  foul  riding  can  only  '><■  rorcived  from  the  owner, 
trainer  or  jockey  of  the  liorse  atlected,  and  miist  he  made  to  thi' 
Judges,  ei  I  lie;- before  or  iuiinediately  after  his  jockey  lias  pis.sed  the 
Bcah's. 

liv\.i'.  L\U.—  ]\7ifn  Urnf  is  To/V?.— If  the  start  takes  place  on 
tiie  wrong  side  of  tin;  starting  |)ost,  or  if  no  person  oflicially 
appointed  occupies  the  Judges'  Stand,  the  heat  or  race  is  void,  and 
must  he  run  again — in  20  minutes,  if  the  distance  to  ho  run  is  two 
miles  or  less,  and  in  .'}()  minutes,  if  ovt'r  two  miles. 

ItULE  LIV. — 0/  Collusion. — When  a  dead  heat  for  a  race  not  of 
heats  is  run,  tlio  owners  of  the  horses  making  the  dead  heat  may 
agree  to  divide  the  prijce  or  stakes,  and  thus  terminate  the  race;  but 
an  agreement  between  two  or  more  persons  not  to  oi)i)oso  each 
other  in  any  race,  or  to  run  jointly  against  any  other  person 
or  persons,  or  to  divide  tlie  prize  or  stakes  after  a  dead  heat, 
and  allow  one  iiorse  to  walk  over  for  a  deciding  heat,  is  illegal, 
and  upon  proof  of  snch  agreement  satisfactory  to  the  Stewards, 
the  parties  thereto  shall  be  ruled  off  the  Course,  and  their  horses 
disciualified  for  wi."ming  in  all  races  to  Avhich  such  agi'eoracnt  had 
reference. 

Rule  LV. —  Winner  of  a  Ifonf  or  Rare. — The  horse  that  first  gets 
his  head  to  the  winning-post  shall  be  considered  the  winner  of  the 
heat  or  race. 

Rule  LVI. — Of  Heats. — In  a  race  of  heats,  the  horse  that 
actually  wins  two  heats,  or  distances  the  field,  wins  the  race.  When 
two  horses  have  each  won  a  heat,  they  only  shall  start  for  a  tliird, 
and  the  preference  between  them  shall  be  determined  by  it.  When 
a  race  is  won  by  two  heats,  the  preference  of  the  horses  is  deter- 
mined by  the  places  they  get  in  the  second  heat ;  and  when  a  race  is 
won  by  three  heats,  the  horses  starting  in  a  third  heat  shall  only  be 
placed.  There  shall  be  no  distance  in  a  third  heat.  Horses  started 
and  drawn  before  a  race  of  heats  is  won,  are  held  to  be  distanced. 

Rule  LVII. — In  Ilcat  Tlares,  only  One  Horse  or  One  Rider  in 
same  interest  can  Start. — No  person  shall  start  more  than  one  horse 
of  which  he  is  the  owner,  either  wholly  or  in  part,  either  in  his  own 
name  or  in  that  of  any  other  person,  for  any  race  of  heats;  nor 
shall  two  riders  from  the  same  stable  be  permitted  to  ride  in  such 
race. 

Rule  \Nl\l.— Horses  not  to  be  Drawn  during  Race  of  Heats. — 


'i^fw^fSf^^' 


RULE*   FOR  THR   AMKIUCAN  .lOriv'KY   ci-UB. 


663 


20  minutes. 
!jr)  iiiiiiutos. 
35  minutes. 
40  minutes. 


Any  person  \\ho  sliull  «eli  or  <lniw  hid  lioiw  (if  l.y  the  sale  the  horse 
be  ilniwn)  during'  the  pnulency  "f  ii  nuv  ot'  lieiitn.  unless  hy 
permission  of  tlie  .)u(l;;es,  siiull  be  ruleil  ol!"  tlie  (Vinrsc 

Ui  i,K  lAK.—Uf  Time  hdwvm  IIcats.--\'\w  time  between  liouts 
sluili  Ite — 

In  mile  heiits, • 

In  two  mile  litats 

In  three  mile  heats, 

In  four  mile  heiits 

Mvhv.  \jX.—  Of  f'lwl  Ilrafx.—U  for  any  race  not  to  lie  run  in 
heats,  tile  first  two  or  more  hor.ies  shall  come  in  so  near  together  that 
the  Judge  simll  not  be  aide  to  leeiile  wlii(;h  won,  those  horses  only 
slmll  run  for  8\ich  prize  over  again,  ul'ter  tiie  last  race  on  the  same 
ilay,  butat,  auhitervalof  not  less  than  thirty  minutes.  The  other 
horses  which  started  are  deemed  losers,  and  are  entitled  to  tlnur 
respective  places,  as  if  the  race  had  been  linally  determined  the  first 

time. 

If  for  any  race  of  heats  it  cannot  be  decided  which  horse  won, 
it  is  a  dead  heat ;  and  if  it  be  a  first  heat,  the  horses  not  distanced 
can  start  for  the  second ;  and  in  such  ease,  only  those  making  the 
dead  heat  and  the  winner  of  the  second  heat  can  start  for  a  third 
heat ;  and  if  it  be  a  second  heat,  the  winner  of  the  first  heat  and 
those  making  a  dea<l  heat,  alone  can  start  for  a  third. 

Rule  hXL— Effect  of  Diridiny  after  a  Dead  Heat.— When 
horses  run  a  dead  heat  for  any  race  not  to  be  run  in  heats,  and  the 
parties  agree  to  divide  the  stakes,  such  horses  shall  be  liable  to  carry 
extra  weight  as  winners  of  that  race,  whether  one  of  the  horses 
walk  over  for  a  deciding  heat  or  not,  and  if  there  is  any  money  for 
the  second  horse,  they  divide  that  also. 

llULE  LXIL— Dead  Heat  for  Second  Place.— \Yhen  horses  run  a 
dead  heat  for  the  second  place,  they  divide  any  money  that  niay  bo 
payable  to  the  second  horse,  and  if  there  is  any  money  for  the  third, 
they  divide  that  also;  and  if  any  of  these  horses  run  for  a  race  in 
which  there  is  a  penalty  for  having  received  a  certain  amount  of 
money  as  second  horse,  they  shall  be  considered  as  having  received 
only  the  amount  of  their  respective  shares. 

Rule  LXIII.— IF//e«  entitled  to  Second  Money.— Whan  it  is  a 
condition  of  a  stake  or  plate,  that  the  owner  of  a  second  horse  shall 
receive  a  certain  sum  of  money  out  of  the  stakes  or  entrance  money, 
and  the  race  is  walked  over  for,  or  no  second  horse  is  placed,  t'-i 
winning  horse  is  entitled  to  the  whole.  When  the  entrance  money 
for  a  purse  is  advertised  to  be  given  ta  the  owner  of  the  second 


654 


TlfE    HORSE. 


liurso,  and  tin'  piirnc  in  walked  ovur  fi)r,  or  no  srcond  liorse  is  placca, 
the  L'litruiu'o  niDiicy  in  to  hv  rclaiiud.  If  the  inoiii'y  advi  liiMid  to 
bi'  given  to  the  seeond  hor.se  is  a  Hcpanite  (ioiiatiitn  IVmn  the  raee 
fund  or  other  souree,  and  the  race  Ih  walked  Dver  for,  or  no  second 
horse  la  placed,  the  money  is  not  given  at  all. 

Ihij;  liXIV. —  Of  Dinffniritit/. — All  horses  whose  heads  have  not 
reached  llu;  distaiiee-sland  as  soon  as  the  leading  horse  arrives  at 
the  winning-post,  are  distanced,  hut  as  indispensable  proof  of  the 
fact,  the  distance  judgo  must  have  dropped  his  Hag  in  response  to 
the  J  udge's  Hag. 

In  heats  of  1  mile,  40  yards  shall  be  a  distance. 

In  heats  of  two  miles,  .50  yards  shall  be  a  distance. 

In  heats  of  three  miles,  00  yards  shall  lie  a  distance. 

In  heats  of  lour  miles,  70  yards  shall  bo  a  distance. 

RuLK  LXV. —  I^Jfcrf  of  Dist/iinfijication. — In  running  the  best 
of  lieats,  horses  dis(inalifled  lor  winning  are  to  Ik*  held  us  distanced; 
and  in  other  races  arc  not  to  De  jdaccd.  Whenever  a  horse  which 
has  come  in  lirst  is  dis(iualitied,  the  heat  or  race  shall  be  awarded  to 
the  next  best  horse  which  is  ([ualilied. 

RiTLK  LXVI. — Of  Scllitig  liarcn.  How  the  Winmr  may  be 
dnimfiL— Whan  it  is  made  a  conditicm  of  any  race  that  the  winner 
shall  Iks  sold  for  any  given  sum,  the  owner  of  the  second  horse  Ix'ing 
first  entitled,  etc.,  no  other  person  than  one  who  ran  a  horse  in  the 
race  shall  be  entitled  to  claim.  The  claim  must  be  made  to  the  Judges 
or  Clerk  of  the  Course  within  a  quarter  of  an  hour  after  the  race. 
The  horse  claimed  shall  not  be  delivered  until  the  amount  is  paid 
to  the  Clerk  of  the  Course,  and  he  must  be  paid  for  by  ten  o'clock 
at  night  on  the  day  of  the  race,  otherwise  the  party  claiming  shall 
not  bo  entitled  to  demand  the  horse  at  any  future  period;  but, 
nevertheless,  the  owner  of  the  horse  may  insist  upon  the  claimant 
takiug  and  paying  for  the  horse  claimed. 

Rule  LXVII.— 0/"  t^ales  by  Atiction. — When  it  is  a  condition  of 
a  selling  race  that  the  winner  shall  be  put  up  at  auction  after  the 
race,  the  half  of  any  surplus  which  may  thereby  be  obtained  oyer 
and  above  the  price  for  which  the  horse  was  entered  to  l)c  said, 
shall  be  paid  to  the  oAvner  of  the  second  horse,  and  this  shall  not 
invalidate  the  privilege  of  the  second  horse  as  to  the  prior  claim  of 
any  beaten  horse,  under  Rule  LXVI II. 

Rule  LXVIII.— 67rt('«)  of  Ji eaten  Homes. — Any  horse  running 
for  a  selling  race  is  liable  to  be  claimed  by  the  owner  of  any  other 
horse  in  the  race  for  the  price  for  which  he  is  entered  to  be  sold 
and  the  amount  of  the  stake — the  owner  of  the  second  horse  to  be 


iw^  tmamtJm ;  iBmsftmi  WBp.i^u.Higu'ii  ry,'  i.^Jwmci'.rH'j  gfeM^TJ'PIJMiar' 


18  pliurd, 

KTliMcd   III 

n  tlic  nu'c 
IK)  Hocond 

^  liiivo  not, 

iirrivcH  lit 

3of  of  tho 

L'Hponsi!  to 


[  the  best 
distanced; 
)rsc'  wliic'h 
iwardod  to 

r  mmj  be 
lio  winner 
orse  Ix'ing 
irse  in  the 
;ho  J  udges 
r  tlic  race, 
mt  is  paid 
;on  o'clock 
ming  sliall 
riod;  but, 
B  claimant 

•ndition  of 
II  after  the 
lined  over 
to  ))c  sold, 
5  shall  not 
r  claim  of 

e  running 
any  other 
to  lie  sold 

lorsc  to  Le 


RULR8    OF   iniC    AMKltir.VN     lorKEY    OLtTB. 


65S 


flrut  entitled  to  tho  claim,  nnd  tho  others  in  tho  order  in  which 
their  liorrteH  are  jilaeed,  and  the  winner  to  hiive  th«'  last  claim. 

|{„r,|.;  IjXIX.— .1  iicrmii  run  Claim  hut  one  llor-ti'.  -No  persou 
can  claim  more  tiian  one  horse  in  tlie  same  race,  and  if  two  or  more 
persons  uiiually  entitled  wish  to  claim,  they  shall  draw  lots  for  tho 

priority. 

JtuLE  \,X\.— Failure  to  Deliver  or  Pay  for  Iforses.— Any  \mson, 
who  refuses  to  deliver,  or  fails  to  pay  for  a  horse  purelnused  or 
claimed  in  a  selling  nice,  slall  l)e  ruled  off  the  (bourse. 

Ki'LK  LXXL— /iV/r«  Wviijlif  and  AnowaHccs.—\S\M\  it  is  the 
condition  of  any  race  that  horses  shall  carry  extra  weight  for  win- 
ning a  certain' number  of  prizes  during  the  year,  or  be  all()\yed 
weight  for  having  been  beaten  a  certain  numl)er  of  times  during 
the  year,  such  winnings  and  losings  shall  date  from  the  lirst  of 
January  i»rece(ling,  and  shall  extend  to  tho  time  of  starting,  unless 
otherwise  specitied. 

UuLE  LXXII.— nV?V//'/  not  A(Tnmi(laHvc.—Y.s.[vii  weight  and 
allowances  are  not  aceumulative,  unless  so  specified  in  the  condi- 
tions. Horses  do  not  carry  extra  weight  for  winning  a  match,  and 
are  not  entitled  to  allowance  for  having  been  beaten  in  a  match. 
Winners  of  hurdle  races  are  not  considered  winners  in  flat  racing. 
A  horse  walking  over  or  receiving  forfeit,  except  for  a  match,  is 

deemed  a  winner. 

IliTLE  LKXUl.— Value  of  Prizes,  Imo  calr ulnfed— Jn  estimating 
the  value  of  any  prize,  no  deduction  shall  be  made,  except  of  the 
winner's  own  stake,  or  entrance  money,  aiul  of  any  sum  or  sums 
required  by  the  conditions  of  the  race  to  be  imid  out  of  the  stakes 
or  entrance  money  to  the  owners  of  any  other  horse  or  horses  in 
the  race— the  entrance  for  a  purse  not  to  bo  deducted  ;  and  every 
prize  not  in  money  shall  be  estimated  at  its  advertised  value  in  cur- 
rency, and  if  such  value  is  not  designated,  it  shall  be  taken  at  its 

cost  price. 

Rule  hXXlV.— Objection  to  Qualification.— ^han  tho  age  or 
qualiiication  of  a  horse  is  objected  to,  either  before  or  after  running 
for  any  race,  tl>e  Stewards,  or  those  whom  they  may  appoint,  shall 
have  power  to  order  an  examination  of  the  horse's  mouth  by  com- 
petent persons,  and  to  call  for  all  such  evidence  as  they  may  require, 
and  their  decision  shall  be  final.  If  the  disqualification  is  made 
out,  and  they  believe  that  the  horse  was  entered  fraudulently,  all 
persons  implicated  in  the  fraud  shall  be  ruled  oif  the  Course. 

Rule  LXXV.—  When  Complaints  must  be  marie— A]\  complaints 
of  foul  riding,  or  of  horses  not  running  the  proper  course,  or  of 


55G 


THE    nORSE. 


any  other  irregularities  occurring  in  the  heat  or  race,  must  be  made 
to  the  Jrdges  by  the  owner,  trainer,  or  jockey  of  a  horse  in  the  race, 
either  before  or  immediately  after  his  jockey  has  passed  the  scales. 
Objections  to  winning  horses  on  otlier  grounds  cannot  be  enter- 
tained unless  made  to  the  Stewards  before  the  conclusion  of  the 
race  meeting,  save  and  excepting  charges  of  fraudul  ut  entry,  or  of 
running  horses  under  a  false  description,  Avhich  maybe  investigated 
at  any  period  within  one  year  from  the  date  of  the  offence. 

lluLE  IjXXYI.—ObJccfioiis  to  Qualification,  when  to  be  made. — 
When  the  qualification  of  any  horse  is  objected  to  by  ten  o'clock  in 
the  morning  of  the  day  of  the  race,  the  owner  must  produce  evi- 
dence to  prove  the  qualification,  satisfactory  to  the  Stewards  or 
Clerk  of  the  Course,  before  the  race  is  run ;  and  if  he  shall  start 
his  horse  without  doing  so,  the  p/ize  shall  be  Avithlu-ld  for  a  period 
to  be  fixed  upon  by  tlie  Stewards,  ut  the  expiration  of  which  time, 
if  the  qualification  be  not  proved  to  tb.e  satisfaction  of  the  Stew- 
ards, he  shall  not  be  eniitled  to  the  prizo,  though  his  horse  shall 
coma  in  first,  but  it  shall  be  given  to  the  owner  of  the  second  horse. 
When  the  qualification  of  the  horse  is  objected  to  after  that 
time,  the  person  jnaking  the  objection  must  prove  the  disquali- 
fication. 

Eui,E  LXXVII. — For  the  Protection  of  Owners,  etc.— No  owner 
or  trainer  sliall  employ  a  rider,  rul)bor,  or  helper,  from  another 
Btabb,  who  has  not  produced  a  Avritten  discharge  from  his  last  em- 
ployer or  furnished  satisfactory  evidence  of  the  termination  of  his 
engagement.  On  receiving  complaint  in  writing,  from  the  owner 
or  trainer  claiming  to  be  aggrieved  in  this  respect,  the  Clerk  of  the 
Coitrse  shall  notify  the  person  alleged  to  be  in  fault,  either  person- 
ally or  by  letter  addressed  to  his  usual  post-oflice  of  the  complaint 
against  him,  and  of  the  penalty  attached  to  the  offence,  and  shall 
give  him  a  reasonable  time  to  appear  before  the  Race  SteAvards  to 
refute  the  charge.  If  he  fail  to  exculpate  himself,  or  to  show  that 
such  rider,  rubber  or  helper  is  no  longer  in  his  service,  the  Race 
Stewards  shall  rule  him  off  the  Course  and  he  shall  only  be  relieved 
from  the  disability  when  the  Stewards,  satisfied  tha^  he  is  no  longer 
censurable  in  the  matter,  may  think  proper  to  do  so. 

Rule  LXXVIII. — For  the  Protection  of  Eiders,  etc. — Any  owner 
or  trainer  who  shall  owe  any  hired  rider,  rubber  or  helper  more 
than  three  months'  wages,  payment  of  which  has  been  demanded  and 
refused,  shall,  upon  proof  of  the  fact  satisfactory  to  the  Stewards, 
be  ruled  off  the  Course.  The  Stewards  shall  not  entertain  any 
complaint,  under  this  rule,  >M'less  it  is  attested  l)y  the  affidavit  of 


RULES    OF    THE    AMEIIICAX    JOCKKY    CLUB. 


557 


the  creditor  before  a  magistrate  and  suhstautiatod  hy  evidence  satis- 
factory to  them,  and  shall  impose  tiie  penalty  until  tlioy  have 
given  to  the  person  owing  such  wages  reasonable  notice  of  the  com- 
Dlaint,  either  personally  or  by  letter  addressed  to  his  usual  post- 
office;  and  they  shall  remove  the  disability  upon  proof  satisfactory 
to  them  of  the  pavment  of  the  debt. 

K'jLE  LXXIX.  -  Perfsons  Expelled  from  other  Courses.— E\'erj 
person  who  is  expelled  from,  or  ruled  off  the  Course  of  any  racing 
\ssociation,  recognized  by  the  American  Jockey  Club,  is  necessarily 
ruled  off  every  Course  under  its  control. 

Rule  LXXX.— 0/'  Decorum.— U  any  owner,  trainer,  jockey,  or 
attendant  of  a  liorse'use  improper  language  to  the  officers  of  the 
Course,  or  be  guilty  of  any  improper  conduct,  the  punishment  of 
which  is  not  otherwise  provided  for,  he  shall  be  ruled  off  the 

Course.  . 

Rule  LXXXI.— 0/  Persons  allowed  on  Course  during  Face.— 
After  the  horses  are  ordered  to  the  starting-post,  and  until  the 
Judges  direct  the  gates  to  be  re-opened,  no  person,  except  the  racing 
officials  and  the  owners,  trainers,  and  immediate  attendants  of  the. 
horses  in  the  race,  shall  be  allowed  on  the  Course  to  be  run  over. 

Rule  hXXXll.— Striking  out  of  Engagements.— ^o  horse  shall 
be  considered  as  struck  ont  of  his  engagement  unless  tlie  declara- 
tion be  made  by  the  owner  or  some  person  authorized  by  him,  to 
the  Clerk  of  the  Course  or  to  the  Secretary,  who  shall  record  the 
day  and  hour  of  its  receipt,  and  give  early  publicity  thereto  in  the 

subseription  rooms. 

Rule  LXXXIII.— Cases  unprovided  for.— In  all  matters  rela- 
ting to  the  races,  or  running  of  a  race,  not  provided  for  in  these 
rules,  the  Stewards  and  Judges  shall  decide  according  to  the  best  of 
their  judgment  and  Uie  usages  of  the  turf,  and  from  their  decision 
there  shall  be  no  appeal. 

Additional  Rule  Adopted  June  21,  Ism.— Resolved,  That 
for  all  matches  run  under  the  rules  of  the  American  Jockey  Club, 
at  Jerome  Park,  the  Secretary  shall  be  paid  by  the  winner  one  per 
cent,  upon  the  amount  of  the  stakes. 

BETTING   RULES. 

Rule  I.— In  all  bets  there  must  be  a  possibility  to  win  when  the 
bet  is  made.    "  You  cannot  win  where  you  cannot  lose." 

Rule  II.— Bets  go  as  the  prize  or  stakes  go.     If,  however,  an 


iiiii  iiii<»  I 


558 


TOE    nORSE. 


Objection  1)0  made  and  snstainod,  to  tlio  qualifioiilion  of  a  horse  on 
the  ground  of  incorrect  pedigree  or  nomination,  after  the  race  is 
rnn,  tlie  licts  shall  go  to  the  horse  that  comes  in  firsf,  provided  he 
is  of  the  right  age,  and  in  otiier  respects  has  not  transgressed  the 
rules  of  racing ;  but  if  the  owner  of  a  horse,  or  a  person  on  his 
behalf,  succeed  by  fraud,  or  by  culpable  misrepresentation,  in 
starling  him  for  a  race  for  which  \\e  is  legally  disqualified,  making 
himself  liable  to  +he  penalties  in  Rule  XVII  of  Jtacing  Rules,  the 
bets  will  go  with  the  prize  or  stakes,  whether  any  objection  be  made 
either  before  or  after  the  race. 

Rule  III. — All  bets  are  play  or  pay,  unless  otherwise  stipulated. 

Rule  IV. — All  double  bets  must  be  considered  play  or  pay. 

Rule  V.— Confirmed  bets  cannot  be  off,  except  by  mutual 
consent,  or  by  failure  to  make  stakes  at  the  time  and  place  which 
may  have  been  agreed  upon,  in  which  case  it  is  optional  with  a 
bettor  not  in  default  to  declare  then  and  there  V  at  the  bet  stands. 
If  at  the  time  specified  for  making  stakes,  the  horse  or  horses 
backed  are  struck  out  of  their  engagements,  the  bet  is  already  lost, 
unless  a  start  has  been  stipulated,  and  the  winner  is  entitled  to 
payment  Avithout  depositing  his  stake.  If  there  is  no  stipulation 
when  the  bet  is  made  for  the  deposit  of  stakes,  they  cannot  be 
demanded  afterward.  Bets  between  membens  of  the  betting-room 
are  not  governed  by  this  rule  where  it  conflicts  with  any  regulation 
or  practice  there  established. 

Rule  VI.— All  bets  on  races  depending  between  any  two  horses 
are  void,  if  those  horses  become  the  property  of  the  same  person  or 
his  confederate,  subsequently  to  the  bets  being  made. 

Rule  VII. — All  bets  between  particular  horses  are  void  if  neither 
of  them  is  placed  in  the  race,  unless  agreed  by  the  parties  to  the 
contrary. 

Rule  VIII.— If  any  bet  shall  be  made  by  signal  or  indication 
after  the  race  has  been  determined,  such  bet  shall  be  considered 
fraudulent  and  void. 

Rule  IX. — The  person  who  lays  the  odds  has  a  right  to  choose 
a  horse  or  the  field ;  when  a  person  has  chosen  a  horse,  the  field  is 
what  starts  against  him. 

Rule  X. — If  odds  are  laid  without  mentioning  the  horse  before 
the  race  is  over,  the  bet  must  be  determined  by  the  state  of  the  odds 
at  the  time  of  making  it. 

Rule  XI. — When  a  race  is  postponed,  all  bets  must  stand ;  but 
if  the  slightest  difference  in  the  terms  of  the  engagement  is  made, 
all  bets  are  void. 


tiamt 


m^fi^immBmmi^ 


RULES  OF  THE   AMEUICAN   JOCKEY   CLUB. 


559 


Rule  XIL— Bets  mado  on  horses  winning  any  number  of  races 
within  the  year  shall  be  understood  as  meaning  between  the  1st  of 
January  and  the  31st  of  December,  both  inclusive. 

Rule  XIIL— If  a  bet  is  made  between  two  horses,  with  a  forfeit 
affixed,— say  $100,  half  forfeit,— and  both  horses  start,  either  party 
may  (ieclare  forfeit;  and  the  person  making  snch  a  decli;ration 
would  pay  $50  if  the  other  horse  won,  but  would  receive  nothing  in 
the  event  of  his  horse  winning  the  race. 

Rule  XIV.— Money  given  to  have  a  bet  laid  shall  njt  be 
returned,  though  the  race  be  not  run. 

Rule  XV.— Matches  and  bets  are  void  on  the  decease  of  either 
party  before  the  match  or  bet  is  determined. 

Rule  XVI.— Bets  on  a  match  which  terminates  in  a  dead  heat 

are  void. 

Rule  XVII.— When  horses  run  a  dead  heat  for  any  race,  not  a 
match,  and  the  owners  agree  to  divide,  all  bets  between  such  horses, 
or  between  either  of  them  and  the  field,  must  be  settled  by  the 
money  betted  being  put  together  and  divided  between  the  parties,  in 
the  same  proportion  as  the  prize  or  stakes. 

If  the  dead  heat  be  the  first  event  of  a  double  bet  between  either 
of  the  horses  making  it  and  the  field,  the  bet  is  void ;  unless  one 
horse  received  above  a  moiety,  which  would  constitute  him  a  winner 
in  a  double  event. 

If  the  dead  heat  be  the  first  event  of  a  double  bet  between  the 
horses  making  it,  the  bet  is  void,  unless  the  division  was  unequal, 
in  which  case  a  horse  receiving  a  larger  proportion  would  in  a  double 
event  be  considered  as  better  placed  in  the  race  than  one  receiving 
a  smaller  sum. 

If  a  bet  is  made  on  one  of  the  horses  that  ran  the  dead  heat 
against  a  beaten  horse,  he  who  backed  the  horse  that  ran  the  dead 
heat  wins  the  bet. 

Rule  XVIII.— If  a  match  be  run  by  mistake,  after  the  princi- 
pals have  compromised,  it  does  notaflfect  the  betting  or  the  result 

Rule  XIX.— Pools  sold  shaU  not  be  play  or  pay,  unless  so 
declared  at  the  time. 


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WW  \J1.J».  W,!k)i!Vl 


EULES  OF  THE   KENTUCKY  ASSOCIATION, 

Revised  April,  18G7, 

WHICH    HAVE   BEEN  ADOPTED    BY  THE    WESTEEN    TUUF  CONGRESS. 

lluLE  I.— Members.— ¥io  porsou  sliall  be  admitted  as  a  member 
of  this  Association,  unless  nominated  by  a  member,  and  admitted 
by  a  vote  of  the  members,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Association.  In 
voting  upon  the  admission  of  new  members,  one  black-ball  in  ten 
shall  exclude  the  a2ii)licant. 

Rule  lI.—Exj)id8ion  of  Members.— To  expel  a  member,  two- 
thirds  of  the  members  present  shall  concur,  and  the  number  present 
sLall  not  be  less  ( ban  fifteen. 

Rule  lU.—  llegular  Meetings.— 1\\qx&  shall  be  two  Regular 
Meetings  of  the  members  in  eacli  year— one  during  the  race  week  in 
the  Spring,  and  the  other  during  the  race  week  in  the  Fall,  at  such 
times  and  places  as  may  l)e  fixed  l)y  the  Association  or  its  officers. 

Rule  IV. — Called  3feeiin(/s.—A  members'  meeting  may  at  any 
time  be  called  by  the  President,  or  any  three  members.  One 
mon Ill's  notice  shall  be  given  of  any  called  meeting,  by  publication 
in  some  newspaper  published  in  I-exington,  signed  by  the  Secretary. 

Rule  Y.—  Quortm.-Teu  members,  including  the  President, 
or  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents,  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the 
transaction  of  business,  but  no  alteration  of  the  rules  shall  be  made, 
or  any  new  rule  adopted,  unless  by  a  two-thirds  vote,  when  at  least 
fifteen  members  are  present. 

Rule  Yl.— Privileges  of  Members.— 'Every  member  shall  have 
the  privilege  of  introducing  to  the  Course  and  to  the  Stands,  the 
members  of  his  family  under  twenty-one  years  of  age. 

Rule  YU.-Stock  Trmisfers.—No  transfer  of  stock  shall  be  au- 
thorized until  the  Certificate  of  Stock  is  surrendered,  and  a  transfer 
thereof  made  on  the  Transfer  Book,  by  the  owner  or  his  attorney,' 
to  the  purchaser,  when  a  new  certificate  shall  be  issued,  sealed  with 
the  seal  of  the  Corporation,  attested  by  the  Presi'lent  and  Secretary. 
Rule  YIU.— Officers.— Tho  officers  of  this  Association  shall  be 
—a  President,  two  Vice-Presidents.  Secretary,  Treasurer,  Superin- 
tendent, and  three  Stewards ;  all  of  whom  (except  the  Stewards, 
who  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President  and  Vice-Presidents), 


■iJW^liji»-»,jWjlll«ijiiOjt|iM;j»)8IM4Witi;^'«roWt^»»ai-<a^'MSg»Uga^^ 


RULES    OF    THE    KENTUCKY   ASSOCIATION. 


561 


shuU  be  elected  to  serve  two  years,  or  until  thuir  suceossors  are 

elected. 

EuLE  IX.— Elections.—  All  elections  shall  bo  by  ballot.  Elections 
for  Oilicers  shall  be  held  on  the  second  duy  of  the  regular  Spi'ing 
Meeting,  when  a  majority  of  the  votes  present  shall  elect,  provided 
the  mendjers  present  be  not  loss  than  fifteen. 

Rule  X. —  Vacancies. — When  a  vacancy  shall  occur  in  anyoffico, 
the  appointment  of  which  is  reserved  to  the  members,  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  the  President  and  Vico-Prosidonts  to  provide  for  the 
discharge  of  the  duties  until  the  next  Spring  Mooting. 

Rule  XL— Officers  may  make  J! ides.— The  President,  Vice-Presi- 
dents and  Secretary,  three  of  thorn  concurring,  shall  have  power  to 
make  all  useful  rules  for  the  preservation  of  good  order  and 
decorum  on  the  Course,  and  shall  decide  all  matters  relating  thereto 
not  otherwise  provided  for. 

Rule  XII.— President's  Didies.— The  President  shall  preside 
at  all  meetings  of  the  Association  ;  shall  act  as  Judge  of  all  races 
run  over  its  Coui'se;  shall  appoint  his  Assistant  Judges  and  Timers, 
and  declare  the  result  of  each  race.  In  the  absence  of  the  President 
his  duties  shall  be  discharged  by  the  oldest  Vice-President  present. 

Rule  XllL— Secretary's  Duties.— It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
Secretary  to  attend  the  Judges  in  each  day's  race ;  keep  a  book  in 
which  shall  be  recorded  the  names  of  the  members,  the  rules  of  the 
Club,  the  proceedings  of  each  meeting,  the  entries  of  horses,  the 
names  of  their  respective  owners,  the  color,  name,  age,  sire  and  dam 
of  each  horse,  Avith  a  description  of  each  rider's  dress.  Also  an 
account  of  each  day's  race,  and  the  time?  of  each  heat ;  and  after 
the  races  are  over,  he  shall  publish  the  result,  with  a  description 
and  pedigree  of  the  winner 

Rule  XIV. — Treasurer's  Duties. — The  Treasurer  shall  receive 
and  disburse  all  the  funds  of  the  Association.  He  shall  give  bond 
with  security,  to  be  approved  by  the  President,  in  such  sum  as  he 
shall  require  for  the  faithful  performance  of  his  duties.  At  each 
Spring  and  Fall  Meeting,  he  shall  present,  in  writing,  a  statement 
of  his  receipts  and  expenditures  during  the  year. 

Rule  XV. — Steivards. — The  Stewards  shall  attend  on  the 
Course,  preserve  order,  clear  the  track,  keep  the  crowd  from  the 
horses  when  approaching  the  stand,  and  exercise  vigilance  to 
prevent  disorder,  and  detect  foul  riding  and  other  misconduct. 

Rule     XVI.  —  Superintendent.  —  The     Superintendent    shall, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Presidonl  an  1  Vice-Presidents,  exercise 
a  general  supervision  over  the  grounds  of  the   Association.  ^He 
Vol.  II.— 36 


503 


xnE  noRSE. 


Bhall  liavc  the  outside  truck  put  in  condition  for  trial  runs  two 
weeks  before  each  race  meeting,  hut  no  one  shall  go  uiion  the  same 
at  any  time  without  his  permission,  lie  l)eing  tlie  solo  judge  of  the 
propriety  of  its  use. 

KiLK  XVII. — Jvdges  and  Timers. — There  shall  be  three  .Judges 
(the  President  and  two  Assistants)  in  the  Judges'  stand  ;  no  other 
person  shall  be  admitted  to  tiic  stand  during  the  pendency  of  ti 
heat.  The  Timers  siuill  occupy  a  separate  s'and,  to  be  erected 
opposite  tlio  Judges'  stand,  from  which,  in  like  manner,  all  other 
persons  sliall  be  excluded  during  tlie  running  of  a  heat. 

RuLK  XVIII. — Judges. — Tlie  Judges  sliall  decide  all  disputes 
that  may  arise,  and  no  appeal  shall  be  allowed  without  their  consent. 
In  all  (juestions  relating  to  the  race,  and  not  provided  for  by  these 
rules,  the  Judges  will  decide  according  to  their  best  judgment  and 
the  usages  of  the  Turf  in  like  cases. 

Rule  XIX. — Judges  may  postpone  a  Race. — The  Judges  for  tlio 
day  may  postpone  a  purse  race  on  account  of  bad  weather,  but  for 
no  other  cause,  and  when  postponed,  the  entries  then  made  arc  tc 
be  considered  void,  and  the  race  !■ '-opened  the  day  previous  to  its 
being  run. 

RuLF  XX. — Entries. — All  entries  of  horses  to  be  run  for  any 
purse  shall  be  in  writing,  sealed  and  delivered  to  the  Secretary, 
between  +he  hours  of  4  and  7  of  the  afternoon  preceding  the  race. 
Each  entry  shall  state  the  name,  age,  color  and  sex  of  the  horse 
entered  ;  the  name  of  its  sire  and  dam,  and  a  particular  description 
of  the  rider's  dress.  As  soon  as  the  hour  of  seven  o'clock  shall  have 
arrived,  the  Secretary  shaU,  at  the  Phcenix  Hotel,  proceed  to  open 
the  entries,  and  make  out  a  list  of  tliem,  to  be  posted  up  in  the  Club 
Room. 

Rule  XXI. — Entrance  Money. — Any  member  entering  a  horse 
to  be  run  for  his  own  benefit,  shall  be  required  to  pay  as  entrance 
money  seveii  and  one-half  per  cent,  on  the  amount  of  the  purse ; 
where  the  horse  is  run  for  the  benefit  of  a  person  not  a  member, 
the  entrance  shall  be  10  per  cent. 

Rule  XXII. — Entries  in  name  of  Members.— "No  entry  in  the 
nanii3  of  a  member  (not  OAvning  or  controlling  the  entered  horse) 
shall  be  valid,  unless  the  signature  of  the  member  l)e  written  thereon 
in  his  OAvn  hand.  No  entry  shall  be  made  for  a  Jockey  Club 
Furt'e  but  by  a  member. 

RuLF,  XXIII. — Defaulters. — K-^  person  shall  be  permitted  to 
start  in  any  rice  over  this  Course,  who  shall  have  failed  to  pay  all 
forfeits  due  by  him  on  account  of  stakes  run  over  this  Course.    Nor 


HWIiiiWIBrB«fl 


RUJTJS   OF   THE   KKNTCCKY    ASSOCIATION. 


5G3 


sliull  any  liorse  be  permitted  to  run  over  this  Course,  in  the  Uiime 
of  any  person  'vlmtever,  so  long  as  forfeits  incurred  by  the  hurso 
r^-main  unpaid.  No  defaulter  sliall  be  permitted  to  make  a  nomina- 
tion in  any  stake  to  be  run  over  this  Course.  Nor  shall  a  nomiiui- 
tion  be  made  by  imother  jierson  of  a  horse  in  which  a  defaulter  has 
an  interest ;  and  all  such  nominations  are  hereby  dettland  void. 
After  earh  day's  race,  the  Secretary  shall  make  and  record  on  the 
books  of  the  Association  a  list  of  the  defaulters,  and  if  any  person 
fails  to  pay  any  forfeit  or  subscription  within  SO  days  after  it  is  due, 
the  Secretary  shall  declare  him  a  defaulter,  and  notify  all  organized 
Clubs  of  the  same. 

Rule  XXIV. — Nominations  hy  Persons  other  tlian  the  Owner. — 
No  person  shall  Ije  permitted  to  nominate  in  any  stake  to  he  run 
over  this  Course  any  horse  of  which  he  is  not  the  owner,  unless  by 
written  permission  of  the  owner,  to  be  tiled  with  the  Secretary ; 
but  by  such  permission  the  owner  shall  not  incur  any  liability  for 
the  forfeit,  the  liability  and  penalties  for  which  shall  attach  only 
to  the  person  nominating,  and  to  the  horse. 

Rule  XXV. — No  Negro  to  jnake  a  Nomination. — No  negro  or 
mulatto  shall  be  permitted  to  make  a  nomination  in  any  stake  to 
be  run  over  this  Course. 

Rule  XXVI. — Several  Nominations. — Persons  making  several 
nominations  in  the  same  stake  may,  by  bona  fide  sales  of  any  one 
or  more  of  them,  confer  the  right  upon  the  purchaser  to  run  in  the 
stake,  and  may  also  start  himself  from  the  reserved  entry  or  entries. 

Rule  XXVII. — Death  of  Entered  Horse. — If  any  horse  nomi- 
nated in  a  stake  die,  or  the  person  nominating  him  die  before  the 
race,  no  forfeit  shall  be  required,  including  Play  and  Pay  races. 

Rule  XXVIII. — Joint  Nominations — Death. — In  joint  nomina- 
tions, if  one  of  the  persons  nominating  die,  the  survivor  shall  be 
liable  for  the  forfeit,  and  entitled  to  the  benefit  of  the  nominations. 

Rule  XXIX. — No  more  than  one  Horse  to  start  from  the  same 
Stables. — Exception. — No  two  riders  from  the  same  stables  siiall  be 
allowed  to  ride  in  the  same  race,  except  by  special  permission  of  the 
Judges.  Nor  shall  more  than  one  horse  from  any  stable  be  allowed 
to  start  in  the  same  race,  unless  it  be  a  single  heat.  Nor  shall 
two  or  more  horses,  owned  in  whole  or  in  part  by  the  same  person, 
be  allowed  to  start  in  the  same  race,  unless  it  be  a  single  heat. 

Rule  XXX. — jochey  Dress. — Each  member  of  the  Association, 
before  starting  horses  in  races  over  the  Association  Couvsg,  shall  be 
required  to  report  to  the  Secretary  the  colors  in  which  his  .Jockey 
will  ride ;  but  no  member  shall  adopt  the  same  combination  of 


tit 


5C4 


THE  nORSE. 


colors  previously  selected  ami  reported  by  another  member.  Persuiis 
not  niembers  ol'  this  As^oeiaticn,  makiii<,'  entries  in  stakes  (o  be 
run  over  this  Course,  shall  lie  reipiired  to  rei)ort  to  the  Secretary,  at 
leajt  ten  days  l)efore  the  raceti,  tiie  colors  in  which  their  Jockeys 
•will  ride.  The  declaration  that  a  rider's  dress  will  be  fancy,  is  not 
a  proper  designation  ot  coior«.  Jockeys'  cnps  and  jackets  shall  be 
made  of  silk.  ;;vtin,  merino  or  velvet;  the  i)anls  of  linen,  cotton,  or 
other  appropriate  material.  For  any  violation  of  this  rule  a  jjcnalty 
of  ten  dollars  shall  be  assessed  by  the  Judges,  and  the  amount 
added  to  the  ]turse  or  stake  of  the  occasion. 

TlvhE  XXXI.— yl//^— A  horse's  age  siiall  be  reckoned  from  the 
Ist  of  January;  that  is  to  say,  a  horse  foaled  in  18.')8  shall  be  reck- 
oned one  year  old  on  the  1st  day  of  January,  18,j9. 

Rule  XXXU.—  Wfighfs  and  ]Vcif/hiu(j.— Tim  following  weights 
Bliall  be  carried ;— 2-year-old8,  80  pounds ;  3-year-olds,  90  pounds ; 
4-ycar-olds,  104  pounds;  r)-year-olds,  110  jjounds;  (i-year-cdds  and 
upwards,  lUil  pounds.  There  shall  be  allowed  to  mares,  fillies  and 
geldings  a  deduction  of  3  pounds  from  these  weights.  The  Judges 
shall  see  that  each  rider  has  liis  proper  weight  before  the  start,  and 
that  he  has  within  two  pounds  of  it  after  each  heat.  Weight  shall 
not  be  made  by  wetting  the  blanket  i)laced  on  or  under  the  saddle. 
At  the  close  of  each  heat  every  rider  must  repair  with  his  horse 
to  the  Judges'  stand,  and  await  their  order  to  dismount ;  and  no 
groom  or  other  person  shall  be  permitted  to  touch  or  cover  any 
horse  (unless  to  lead  back  a  refractory  horse,  or  the  rider  is  disabled) 
until  the  rider  shall  have  been  dismounted  by  the  Judges.  The 
rider  shall  then  rei)air  to  the  scales  with  his  saddle,  to  be  weighed. 
For  any  violation  of  this  rule,  the  horse  involved  shall  bo  declared 
distanced. 

Rule  XXXIII. — Placing. — The  places  of  the  horses  at  starting 
shall  be  determined  as  drawn  from  the  entry  box ;  and  in  stakes 
they  shall  stand  in  the  order  in  which  they  are  nominated. 

Rule  XXXIV. — Starting. — In  every  race  over  this  Course  the 
mode  of  starting  shall  be  this :  The  Judges  of  the  day  shall 
have  the  horses  taken  back  at  least  thirty  yards  from  the  stand, 
tinder  the  care  of  one  of  the  Stewards ;  from  that  point  they  shall, 
in  the  order  of  their  placing,  be  led  at  a  walk  until  the  signal  to 
start  is  given.  The  Judge  may  give  tne  signal  at  any  moment 
•while  the  horses  are  api)roaching  the  stand,  and  should  the  signal 
not  be  given  before  reaching  the  stand,  the  horses  shall  be  again 
taken  back  to  the  place  whence  they  were  led.  Should  any  gr  om, 
while  approaching  the  stand,  fail  or  refuRS  to  obey  the  orders  of  the 


IMMWMIII)  ' 


p> 


RULES  OF  THE  KENTUCKY   ASSOCIATION. 


065 


SStewurda,  or  ink'ntionuUy  let  liia  hors.'  go  so  tliut  ho  l.nuk  iiway, 
till.' owner  of  Hurli  horse  sliiill,  I'm-  every  siieh  ofreiiee,  he  limd  livo 
dolliirs,  whieli  shall  go  to  the  Treasury  of  the  Association.  Unruly 
and  vicious  iiorses  nuiy  be  assigned  any  position,  at  the  start,  which 
the  Judges  may  deem  necessary  to  secure  the  safety  of  the  other 
iiorses  and  riders.  Tlie  sigiial  for  starting  shall  l)e  the  tap  of  the 
drum,  after  which  tliere  shall  l)e  no  recall.  In  casi'  of  a  false  start 
the  ringing  of  the  bell  shall  he  the  signal  of  recall.  The  Stewards 
shall  report  to  the  Judges  any  disobedience  or  misconduct  of  the 
persons  starting     o  horses. 

llULE  KKXV.—Time  between  //«//.«(.— The  time  l)e'  en  heats 
shall  be  20  minutes  for  mile  heats  ;  30  minutes  for  two  mile ;  40 
minutes  for  tliree  mile,  and  4r)  minutes  for  four  mile  heats. 

UuLE  XXXV L— Foul  lii(lin(/.—A  horse  that  has  won  a  heat 
shall  be  entitled  to  the  track  in  starting  for  the  next  heat ;  other 
horses  taking  position  in  the  order  of  their  placing  in  the  previous 
heat.  The  leading  horse,  in  any  part  of  the  race,  shall  have  the 
right  to  select  his  ground,  from  uhich  he  shall  not  swerve,  either  to 
the  right  or  left,  so  as  to  imiKidc  another  horse.  Should  any  rider 
cross,  jostle,  or  strike  another,  or  his  horse;  run  on  his  horse's  heels, 
or  do  anything  else  that  nniy  impede  his  adversary,  he  will  be 
deemed  distanced;  and  if  intkxtionally,  the  offending  rider  shall 
never  be  permitted  again  to  ride  over  or  attend  a  horse  on  this  Course. 
Rule  XXXVIl.  -A'o//i«ir.--If  any  horse  shall  run  from  the 
track  into  the  field,  he  will  be  declared  distanced,  although  he  may 
come  out  ahe  '^  anless  he  return  and  again  enter  the  Course  at  the 
point  from  which  he  swerved. 

Rule  XXXVIIL— 9/*/ltds.~No  person  other  than  the  rider 
.siiall  be  permitted  to  strike  a  horse,  or  attempt  by  shouting  or 
otherwise  to  assist  a  horse  in  getting  a  start,  or  increase  his  speed  in 
running  any  race.  Nor  shall  any  person  stand  in  the  track  to  point 
out  a  path  for  the  rider,  under  a  penalty  of  exclusion  from  tlu- 
Course  for  either  offence,  and  if  such  person  shall  be  the  owner, 
trainer  or  rubber  of  such  horse,  or  instigated  to  the  ac^  '  y  either  of 
tlie  said  persons,  such  horse  shall  he  declared  distanced.  But  this 
rule  shall  not  be  construed  to  forbid  the  starter  of  any  horse  from 
striking  him  with  an  ordinary  riding  whip  in  order  to  get  him  off. 

Rule  XXXIX.— Horses  to  run  a  Fair  Bacc— Every  horse 
started  shall  run  a  bona  fide  race.  If  any  horse  shall  run  to  lose, 
the  ownc-r,  trainer  and  rider  shall  forfeit  all  rights  under  the  rules 
of  this  Association,  and  no  longer  be  allowed  to  hold  any  connec- 
tion Avith  it. 


066 


IIIK    IIUU»E. 


No  oomproniiso  or  ugrcf • 'fnt  k-lvvirii  uiiy  two  porwoiiH  stuiiiii^' 
horHt'ti,  or  lluir  ugcntri  jih,  iiot  to  opitose  each  otiur  u|iiiii  u 

proiniscd  tlivisioii  ttf  tli..  puiwo,  hIiuII  liu  piniiiltcd;  and  no  jiorHoiiH 
shall  run  their  horses  with  u  (Utenniiiatioii  to  o|)i)o8e  joinlly  any 
other  horse  in  thi.'  race.  In  lilhcr  tusc,  iipMn  Hatialiielory  proof  of 
Bill  Ii  a;,nvcnH'nt,  the  JmigcH  hIuiII  award  tiic  purse  to  tlie  next  liesi 
horse,  and  the  persous  oflVudiug  Hhall  never  be  permitted  again  to 
Btiirt  a  liorse  over  tliiw  Course. 

UiiK  XL.—J'(itro/  J in/f/cs.— The  President  is  authorized  and 
empowered  to  appoint  any  menil)er  or  niemlM-rs  as  Tatrol  Judges, 
when  i)y  him  deemed  neei'ssary,  ami  upon  refusal  of  any  niemher 
to  serve,  to  assess  against  lum  u  flue  of  not  lesu  than  ten  and  not 
more  than  twenty  dollars. 

liVLK  XIX —  \\  inner  and  Dead  Ilealn. — In  the  race  best  two  in 
TliUEK,  a  horse  that  wins  two  heats  or  distances  the  field,  wins  the 
race;  in  the  race  Hi;»t  tuiuce  in  five,  the  horse  that  wins  three 
heats  or  distances  the  held,  wins  the  race.  In  heats  licst  two  in 
three,  a  horse  not  winning  one  heat  in  three,  shall  not  be  entitled 
to  start  for  a  fourtli  heat;  and  in  best  three  in  five,  a  horse  not  win- 
ning one  heat  in  lne,  shall  not  he  allowed  to  start  for  a  sixth  heat. 
When  thus  prohibited  from  starting,  a  horse  shall  not  be  deemed 
distanced,  and  all  bets  on  his  being  distanced,  shall  be  void.  A 
Dead  Heat  shall  be  considered  a  heat,  except  as  against  the  horses 
that  make  it. 

Rule  XLII. — Forfeits. — Upon  the  failure  of  any  one  to  pay  a 
forfeit  before  a  race,  he  shall  be  compelled  to  pay  the  amount  of  the 
entrance,  as  if  his  horse  had  started. 

Rule  XLIIL— /'er«OMs  Riihd  off. — Any  person  ruled  off  by  any 
organized  Racing  Association,  shall  be  considered  ruled  off  by  the 
Kentucky  Association,  and  if  reinstated  by  that  Association,  shall 
be  reinstated  by  this;  and  it  shall  bo  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of 
this  Association  to  notify  the  Secretary  of  all  organized  Associa- 
tionu  of  any  one  ruled  off. 

Rule  XLIV. —  Walk  Over. — In  the  event  of  a  walk  over  for  any 
purse  advertised  to  be  run  for  on  the  Kentucky  Association  Course, 
the  entire  purse  will  be  given  to  the  horse  walking  over. 

Rule  XIN .—Of  the  Beaten  Horses.— TIq  shall  be  declared  the 
best  horse  that  wins  a  heat.  Of  beaten  horses  that  have  each  won 
a  heat,  that  one  which  is  best  in  the  last  heat  of  the  race,  shall 
be  declared  best  in  the  race.  Those  not  winning  a  heat  shall 
be  placed,  and  bets  decided  accordingly  as  they  come  to  the  stand 
at  the  termination  of  the  race.    If  the  winner  of  a  heat  is  after- 


UULE8    OF    Tin;    KliNTUCKY    AHHOCIATION. 


507 


wftnlH  (listiinct'd,  lie  in  liciitfii  l>y  tliosc  wlio  f*iiv(  tluir  <liHliinc('.  A 
horn- (lislaiiciil  in  ii  Htc(,ii(l  ln-iit,  in  Ik-'IUt  ihaii  oiii'  ilistuuad  in  tho 
llrst,  iinil  Si)  1)11  tlin>ii},'li  tlu'  nuv. 

IlliLK  \\M\.—I>ntuuii(j.  No  person  hIiuII  Ih'  iH'rniittcd  to  dmw 
or  Hi'll  Ills  lior«f  duriii;,'  Hit'  riicv,  except  l)y  iierniiHsioii  of  tlie 
JudgeH,  Ulitler  tl»0  lieiiully  of  iieiiig  exeliuled  IVdlil  tlie  (Mill*  iltul 
Course,  and  not  being  allowed  any  part ieipiil ion  in  its  rucing  hero- 
after.     A  drawn  horse  hIiuII  lie  e(»nsidere(l  di.Mlanced. 

All  horses  entered  tor  a  purse  raee  shall  W  un<ler  the  eontnd  of 
tho  Judges  from  the  time  they  uro  entered  until  tho  dose  of  the 
race. 

Uiri/E  XLVII. — />jV««/;fl.— There  shall  1k'  two  Pistanee  .Tudges 
ajipointed  by  tho  President,  who  shall  repair  to  the  Judges'  stand 
after  each  heat,  and  report  tlie  distanced  horses  and  any  foul  riding, 
if  any  have  been  observed  by  them.  A  horse  who'tts  head  reacfhes 
tho  distance  as  soon  as  the  winner  reaches  the  winning  post,  shall 
not  bo  considered  distanced. 

A  horse  who  fails  to  bring  in  his  i)ro{K'r  weight,  or  is  distanced 
from  winning  by  foul  riding,  is  to  be  deemed  distanced. 

,        .    50  yards. 
.    GO     " 


The  distance  in  a  mile  shall  be 

«  «  Q       «  (t       « 


a 


« 


80 
100 


In  match  races  there  shall  be  a  distance,  iir'  "s  the  contrary  be 
expressly  stipulated  by  th>  parties. 

Rule  XLVIIl. — Doubtful  Age,  Oumership,  eia.—On  suggestion 
of  any  doubts  as  to  the  ago,  ownership,  etc.,  of  any  horse  entered 
for  a  race,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Judges  to  intiuire  into  tho 
facts,  and  if  satisfied  that  any  rule  of  the  Association  is  about  to  be 
violated,  to  exclude  such  horse  from  the  race,  and  if  the  horse  is 
permitted  to  run,  from  d  doubt  not  being  sustained,  and  any  doubt 
remains  on  the  minds  of  tho  Judges,  the  purse,  if  won  by  such 
horse,  shall  he  withheld  until  the  doubt  is  confirmed  or  done  away 
with.  On  being  eventually  sustained,  the  purse  shall  be  awarded 
and  paid  to  the  next  Ijest  1  orso  in  the  race. 

Rule  XLIX. — If  anv  Fraud  sJiall  be  discovered,  by  which  the 
winner  shall  have  been  improperly  paid  the  purse,  such  as  a  decep- 
tion as  to  weight,  age,  ownership,  partnership,  etu.,  the  Judges  shall 
demand  its  restoration,  and  it  shall  be  ])aid  o\cr  to  the  owner  of 
the  next  L^st  horse.  If  not  restored,  the  illegal  holder  of  the  purse, 
if  a  member,  shall  be  expelled  the  Club,  and  he  shall  not  be  allowed 


'"^^^SSSSPSSfw^^ 


«nmMMMaRiW*a>i 


508 


TIm:    itoHSE. 


to  Imld  niiy  ronnootion  with  it.  If  iu>t  a  monihcr,  no  liorsc  wliiih 
hiiH  Itciii  truini'd  liy  him,  (tr  in  which  lie  iiiuy  lie  iiitrrcHtcd,  nlmll  ho 
ullovvi'd  lo  Hturt  uii  tiiiH  C'oin-Ho. 

Ui'l.i;  L. — MaMirs.— In  mutch  mct'H,  the  riiloH  of  thin  AHSociu- 
tioii  nhidl  j^oviTii,  iiiilcsH  till'  cdiitniry  Ix-  fXprcSMJy  Hlipiduli'd. 

Uri.i;  Id. — Siri-r/isfiiirM.—XW  S\vi'c[)Mtiii\i'H  udvc  rtiHcii  lo  hv  run 
over  lliirt  Coiirso.  hIiiiII  Im'  Hul)j('ct  to  the  ('u^'iii/iiiicc  of  tliiw  As- 
Hociiitioii ;  and  mi  chanf^rc  of  iiomiMutionH  once  made  Nhull  ho 
aHowcd  after  cloning,',  unless  by  consent  of  ail  the  partien.  TIks 
Secretary  hIuU!  rccuivc  all  forfeits,  and  enforce  the  rules  against  all 
defttulterB. 

Hn.K  Fill. — Qiinrtrr  Sh'ctrh. — No  person,  except  those  altend- 
inj,'  the  horses,  shall  he  allowed  in  the  Quarter  Stretch  duriufj  the 
pendency  of  a  heat,  nor  until  the  riders  are  weighed  after  its  con- 
clusion. 

Un-K  WW.—Ifatiji  Owner,  Tntimr,  lUdcr,  Sfrirfrr  or  Alhnil- 
ant  of  a  horse  shall  use  any  threats  or  other  improper  language 
towards  any  Otticer  of  the  Association  in  the  discharge  of  his  ofli- 
cial  duties,  ihe  person  so  oU'ending  shall  never  he  permitted  to  start, 
train,  ride,  turn,  or  attend  a  horse  again  on  this  Course. 

Ui;lk  LIV. — (IdiiihliiKj. — No  (Jamhiing  shall  he  permitted  on 
t!  grounds  of  this  Association,  and  the  officers  shall  see  that  thia 
rule  is  regarded. 

RuLK  LV. — No  Female  shall  he  admitted  within  the  Course  or 
upon  the  Stands,  unless  she  he  under  tho  escort  of  a  gentleman. 


BETTINQ. 

1.  All  lets  are  mdcrstood  to  relate  to  the  purse,  if  nothing  be 
said  to  the  contrary, 

2.  A  bet  upon  tlio  purso  or  heat  is  void,  if  the  horse  betted  on 
does  not  start. 

3.  Where  a  "bet  18  made  against  the  field,  it  is  understood  to  be 
one  horse  against  as  many  as  start ;  but  one  other  must  start,  or 
it  is  no  bet. 

4.  When  both  parties  are  present,  either  party  has  a  right  to 
demand  that  the  money  be  staked  before  the  horses  start ;  and,  if 
one  refuse,  the  other  may,  at  his  option,  declare  the  bet  void. 

5.  If  eitlier  party  bo  absent  on  the  day  of  a  race  (the  money 
not  being  staked),  the  party  present  may  declare  the  bet  void,  in 
the  presence  of  respectalile  witnesses,  before  the  race  commences; 
but  if  any  person  offer  to  stake  for  the  absentee,  it  is  a  confirmed  bet 


RULES    ANT)    TIEGULATIONS    OK   TIIK    NATIONAL 

ASSOCIATION 

FOR  THE   I'UOMOTION   OF  TUB    INTIIUKSTrt  OF  THE   AMEUICAK  TROT- 

TINd   TUIIF. 


AiiTicLE  I.— All  trottiiig  and  inicinK  over  the  Coiim-s  of  thia 
Assoeiuti.Jii  Hlmll  bo  governed  by  tlie  following  rules- 

Ahtk.xe  U.— IJntrics.— aw  entries  for  prenuiiuis  must  be  miulo 
under  cover,  eiu-loHing  tiie  entrunee  money  for  purses  uiul  forfeits 
in  8weei)8tiike8,  and  then  sealed  un.l  addressed  t..  or  deposited  witli 
the  Secretary,  or  some  person  autlioriml  to  receive  the  same,  at 
such  time  and  placr  as  Hie  Association  may  have  prescribed. 
Notices  of  intention  to  enter  will  be  received  by  telegraph  up  to 
the  hour  advertised  Wn-  closing;  and  all  such  entries  sliall  be  eligi- 
ble, provided  tile  entrance  fee  «peciiied  shall  be  paid  in  due  course 
by  miiil,  or  otherwise. 

An  accurate  and  satisfactory  description  of  each  entry  will  bo 
required,  and  shall  be  in  the  following  form,  to  wit: 

1.  Color.— TIk^  color  and  marks  shall  be  accurately  given. 

a.  Sex.— It  shall  be  distinctly  stated  whether  the  entry  be  a 
stallion,  maro  or  gelding. 

3.  Name.— Excry  horse  shall  be  named,  and  the  name  correctly 
and  plainly  written  in  the  entry ;  and  if  the  horse  has  ever  trotted 
in  a  raco  under  a  different  name  within  two  years,  such  former 
name  or  names  must  be  given.  If  a  liorse  has  trotted  in  any  race, 
without  a  name,  mention  must  be  made  in  the  entry  of  a  sutTicient 
number  of  his  or  her  most  recent  performances,  to  enalile  persons 
interested  to  identify  the  horse;  provided  that  it  shall  not  be  neces- 
sary to  furnish  any  one  association  or  proprietor  with  the  same 
record  the  second  time. 


670 


THE    UOllSE. 


It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary,  or  other  person  authorized, 
to  prepare  the  list  cm"  entries  for  publication,  comprising  all  such 
information  in  a  conii)rehensive  manner,  for  the  enlightenment  of 
the  general  i)ublio  and  jmrties  to  the  race;  and  all  entries,  as  afore- 
said, shall  be  oi)ened  and  announced  at  a  public  meeting,  of  which 
reasonable  notice  by  advertisement  or  otherwise,  shall  be  given  to 
the  parties  in  hiterest. 

A  horse  having  once  been  named,  shall  not  again  start  in  a  race 
on  any  Course  in  the  United  States  or  Canadas,  without  a  name  or 
under  a  different  name,  unless  the  foregoing  provisions  have  been 
complied  with. 

4.  Name  and  Address.— The  post-office  address  in  full  of  the 
person  or  persons  in  whose  name  an  entry  is  made,  and  if  he  or 
they  be  not  the  owner,  then  that  of  the  owner  or  owners  also,  must 
accompany  each  nomination. 

5.  Double  Temns. — In  all  double  team  races,  the  entry  must 
contain  the  name  and  description  of  each  horse,  in  the  manner  pro- 
vided for  entry  of  single  horses. 

CONDITIONS. 

1.  A  horse  shall  not  be  eligible  to  start  in  any  race  that  has 
beaten  the  time  advertised,  prior  to  tlie  closing  of  the  entries  for 
the  race  in  which  he  is  entered. 

Horses  shall  not  be  eligible  if  the  time  specified  has  been  beaten 
by  them  at  a  greater  distance ;  that  is,  a  horse  having  made  two 
miles  in  five  minutes  is  eligible  for  a  2.30  race,  but  not  eligible  for 
a  race  slower  than  that  time. 

2.  As  many  horses  may  be  entered  by  one  owner,  or  as  many 
horses  trained  in  the  same  stable  as  may  be  desired,  but  only  one 
that  has  bc'en  owned  in  whole  or  in  part  by  the  same  person  or 
persons,  or  trained  in  the  same  stable  witliin  ten  days  previous  to 
the  race,  can  start  in  any  race  of  heats. 

3.  In  all  purses,  three  or  more  entries  are  required,  and  two  to 
start,  unless  otherwise  specified. 

4.  No  purse  will  be  given  for  a  "walk  over,"  but  in  cases  where 
only  one  of  the  horses  entered  for  any  premium  shall  appear  on  the 
Course,  he  shall  be  entitled  to  his  own  entrance  money  and  to  one- 
half  of  the  entrance  money  received  from  all  horses  entered  for  said 
premium. 

5.  Time  made  in  single  or  double  harness,  at  fairs,  and  on  any 
track,  whether  short  or  not,  shall  constitute  a  record ;  but  time 


tarn 


I 


RULES    Ok-    TUK    KAXIOXAL    ASSOCIATION. 


571 


made  under  the  saddle,  shall  not  be  a  record  iu  harness  or  wagon 

races. 

6.  The  entrance  fee  shall  be  ten  per  cent,  of  the  pnrso,  unless 
otherwise  specilied ;  and  any  person  refusing  to  pay  his  ontriiuce 
dues  upon  demand  by  the  proj-er  authority,  siiall,  together  with  his 
horse  <>r  horses,  be  suspended  until  they  are  paid  in  full. 

7.  No  person  shall  be  permitted  to  draAv  his  horse  after  said 
horse  has  appeared  on  the  track,  saddled  or  harnessed,  after  having 
been  summoned  to  prepare  for  the  race,  or  during  a  race,  except  by 
permission  of  the  Judges,  under  penalty  of  being  expelled. 

AiiTicLE  III.— In  case  of  Dealh.—kW  engagements  are  void 
upon  the  decease  of  either  party  or  horse,  so  tar  as  they  shall  affect 
the  deceased  party  or  horse ;  but  forfeits  or  matches  made  play  or 
pay,  shall  not  be  aflfected  by  the  death  of  a  horse. 

Article  lY.— Fraudulent  Entries,  or  Meddling  with  Horses.— 
Any  person  found  guilty  of  dosing  or  tampering  with  any  horse,  or 
of  making  a  fraudulent  entry  of  any  horse,  or  of  disguising  a  horse 
Avich  intent  to  conceal  his  identity,  or  being  in  any  way  concerned 
in  such  a  transaction,  shall  be  punished  by  the  forfeiture  of  en- 
trance money  and  expulsion ;  and  any  horse  that  shall  have  been 
painted  or  disguised,  to  represent  another  or  a  diflferent  horse,  ov 
shall  have  been  entered  in  a  purse  in  which  he  does  not  belong, 
shall  be' expelled. 

Article  v.— /?e?rard— A  reward  of  150  will  be  paid  to  the 
person  who  shall  first  give  information  leading  to  the  detection  of 
any  fraudulent  entry  and  the  parties  thereto,  to  be  paid  out  of  the 
funds  of  the  National  Association  for  the  Promotion  of  the  Inter- 
ests of  the  American  Trotting  Turf,  by  the  Treasurer,  upon  recom- 
mendation of  the  oflicers  of  the  Course  where  such  fraudulent  entry 
was  made,  provided  that  this  shall  not  be  construed  to  extend  to 
Courses  outside  of  this  Association. 

Article  Yl.— Decorum.  —  If  any  owner,  trainer,  rider,  driver 
or  attendant  of  a  horse,  or  any  other  person,  use  improper  language 
to  the  officers  of  the  Course  or  the  Judges  in  a  race,  or  i)e  guilty  of 
any  improper  conduct,  the  person  or  persons  so  offending  shall  Lj 
punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  $100,  or  by  suspension  or  ex- 
pulsion. 

Article  YIL— Flection  of  Judges.— There  shall  be  chosen  by 
the  proper  authority,  three  (3)  competent  Judges  for  the  day  or 
race,  who  shall  understand  the  rules  of  this  Association,  and  shall 
be  held  accountable  for  their  rigid  enforcement,  and  all  their  decis- 
ions shall  be  in  accordance  therewith.    Any  person  having  a  bet 


672 


THE    nOESE. 


upon,  or  an  interest,  either  direct  or  indirect,  in  any  or  either  of  tl:f 
horses  in  a  race,  shall  not  be  entitled  to  judge  that  race.  In  all 
match  races  tliese  rules  shall  govern,  unless  the  contrary  be  ex- 
pressly stipulated  and  assented  to  by  tlio  club,  association,  or  pro- 
prietors of  the  Course  over  which  tlic  race  is  to  couio  off. 

Article  YllL—Fotver  of  Jnd(/es.— The  Judges  of  the  day  or 
race  shall  have  power  to  appoint  distance  and  patrol  Judges; 
they  sliall  decide  all  questions  and  matters  of  dispute  between 
parties  to  the  race  that  are  not  provided  for  in  the  Rules  and  Regu- 
lations, and  shall  have  full  power  to  inflict  all  fines  and  penalties 
provided  by  these  rules. 

They  shall  have  entire  control  and  authority  over  the  horses 
about  to  start,  and  the  riders  or  drivers  and  assistants  of  the  horses, 
and  any  such  person  refusing  to  obey  their  orders,  shall  be  punished 
by  a  fine  not  exceeding  $100,  or  by  suspension  or  expulsion.  No 
rider  or  driver  shall  cause  unnecessary  delay  after  the  horses  are 
called  up,  either  by  neglecting  to  i)repare  for  the  race  in  time,  or  by 
neglecting  to  come  for  the  word,  or  otherwise ;  and  when,  in  scoring, 
the  signal  is  not  given,  all  the  horses  in  the  race  shall  immediately 
turn  at  the  tap  of  the  bell,  or  other  signal  given,  and  jog  back  for 
a  fresh  start.  If  this  rule  is  not  comi)lied  with  on  the  part  of  any 
rider  or  driver,  the  Judges  may  give  the  word  without  regard  to  the 
offendmg  party  or  parties,  and  they  may  be  punislicl  by  a  fine  not 
exceeduig  $100,  or  by  suspension  not  to  exceed  one  year. 

When  any  horse  or  horses  keep  so  far  aliead  of  others  in  scoring 
that  the  Judges  cannot  give  a  fair  start,  they  shall  give  the  offend- 
ing party  or  parties  notice  of  the  penalties  attached  to  such  offensive 
conduct,  and  should  they  still  persist,  shall  enforce  said  penalties. 
When  the  Judges  are  prevented  from  giving  the  word  by  a  horse  or 
horses  being  refractory,  or  from  any  other  cause,  they  may,  after  a 
reasonable  time,  give  the  word  without  reference  to  the  position  of 
the  refractory  horse  or  horses,  or  may  give  them  any  position  they 
think  proper  to  facilitate  the  start.  In  all  cases  the  word  shall  be 
given  from  the  Judges'  stand,  and  in  no  case  shall  a  standing  start 
be  given.  If  the  Judges  have  reason  to  suppose  that  a  horse  is 
being  or  has  been  "pulled,"  to  fraudulently  prevent  his  %vinning, 
they  shall  have  power  to  substitute  a  competent  and  reliable  driver 
or  rider  for  the  remainder  of  the  race,  and  if  the  result  of  the  suc- 
ceeding heat  or  heats  shall  confirm  their  suspicion,  the  rider  or 
driver  so  removed  shall  be  punished  by  suspension  or  expulsion. 
Wlien  disputes  and  contingencies  arise,  which  are  not  provided  for 
in  the  Rules,  the  Judges  shall  have  power  to  decide  in  sucli  casos ; 


RULES    OF    THE    NATIONAL    ASSOCIATION. 


KtVO 


ither  of  t]:f 
ice.  In  all 
•ary  be  ex- 
iou,  or  pro- 

the  day  or 
ol  Judges; 
te  between 
and  Regn- 
1  penalties 

the  horses 
the  horses, 
e  punished 
Ision.    No 

horses  are 
ime,  or  by 
in  scoring, 
timediately 
ig  back  for 
lart  of  any 
ard  to  the 

a  fine  not 

in  scoring 
he  offend- 
li  offensive 
penalties, 
a  horse  or 
ay,  after  a 
losition  of 
lition  they 
•d  shall  be 
ding  start 
1  horse  ia 
I  winning, 
ble  driver 
f  the  suc- 
}  rider  or 
3xpulsion. 
jvided  for 
ich  cases ; 


but  in  no  case  can  there  be  a  compromise  in  the  manner  of  punish- 
ment, where  the  Rules  express  or  name  what  the  penalty  shall  be, 
but  tlie  same  shall  be  strictly  enforced. 

Judges  may  require  riders  and  drivers  to  be  properly  dressed. 
Article  IX.— Judges'  Duty.— The  Judges  shall  be  in  the  stand 
fifteen  minutes  before  the  time  for  starting;  they  shall  weigh  the 
riders  or  drivers,  and  determine  the  positions  of  the  horses,  and  give 
each  rider  or  driver  his  place  before  stariing.    They  shall  ring  the 
bell  or  give  other  notice  ten  minutes  previous  to  the  time  an- 
nounced for  the  race  to  come  off,  which  shall  be  notice  to  all  parties 
to  prepare  for  the  race  at  the  appointed  time,  when  all  the  horses 
must  be  ready,  and  any  party  failing  to  comply  with  this  rule,  shall 
be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  iJ^lOO;  or  the  horse  may  lie 
ruled  out  by  the  Judges  and  considered  drawn ;  but  in  all  stakes 
and  matches  they  shall  be  liable  to  forfeit.    The  Judges  shall  not 
notice  or  receive  complaints  of  foul  from  any  person  or  persons,  ex- 
cept those  appointed  l)y  the  Judges  for  that  purpose,  and  owners, 
riders  or  drivers  in  the  race.    The  result  of  a  heat  shall  not  be  an- 
nounced until  the  Judges  are  satisfied  as  to  the  weights  of  the 
riders  or  drivers,  and  sufficient  time  has  elapsed  to  receive  the  re- 
ports of  the  Distance  and  Patrol  Judges.    When  the  Judges  are 
satisfied  that  a  race  is  being  or  bn^  been  conducted  improperiy  on 
the  part  of  any  rider  or  driver  in  a  race,  they  shall  punish  the 
offender  by  suspension  not  to  exceed  one  year,  or  by  expulsion.    If 
a  horse  is  purposely  pulled  or  broken,  to  allow  another  horse  to  win 
the  heat,  the  horse  so  pulled  or  broken  shall  be  distanced,  unless 
such  decision  shall  be  deemed  to  favor  a  fraud,  and  the  rider  or 
driver  shall  be  punished  by  suspension  not  to  exceed  one  year,  or  by 
expulsion;  but  in  case  the  Judges  shall  deem  such  decision  as  the 
above  to  favor  a  fraud,  they  shall  declare  that  heat  no  heat,  and 
shall  substitute  another  driver  or  rider  for  the  offending  one. 

The  presiding  Judge  shall  instruct  the  riders  or  drive  t  m 
relation  to  scoring  and  breaking,  prior  to  the  commencement  of 

the  race. 

Article  X.— Distance  and  Patrol  Judges— I^  all  races  of  heats 
there  shall  be  a  Distance  Judge,  appointed  by  the  proper  authority, 
who  shall  remain  in  the  distance-stand  during  the  heats,  and  imme- 
diately after  each  heat  shall  repair  to  the  Judges'  stand,  and  report 
to  the  Judges  the  horse  or  horses  that  are  distanced,  and  any  act 
of  foul,  if  any  has  occurred  under  his  observation. 

The  Patrol  Judges  shall  repair  in  like  mannor  to  the  Judges' 
stand,  and  report  any  act  of  foul,  if  any  has  occurred  under  their 


^i 


i!) 


<»i^'«M«»a*wMIVni 


*? — 


574 


THE    HOUSE. 


observation;  tlic  reports  of  the  Distance  and  Patrol  Judges  sliall  I)c 
alone  received. 

AuTici.E  Xl.—Acci(Ients.~In  case  of  accidents,  ten  minntes 
sliall  l)f  allowed,  but  the  Judges  may  allow  more  time  when  deemed 
necessary  and  proper. 

Article  Xll.— Judged  Stand— ^ow  ))ut  the  Judges  of  the 
race  in  progress,  and  their  assistants,  shall  be  allowed  in  the  Judges' 
Stand  during  the  pendency  of  a  heat,  except  members  of  the  Board 
of  Ap[K'als. 

Akticle  Xlll.—Poiver  of  Postponement.— In  case  of  unfavorable 
weatlier,  or  other  unavoidable  causes,  each  Association  or  proprietor 
shall  have  power  to  postpone  to  a  future  time  all  purses  or  sweep- 
stakes or  any  race  to  which  they  have  contriI)uted  money,  upon 
giving  notice  thereof.  No  heat  shall  be  trotted  when  it  is  so  dark 
that  the  horses  cannot  be  plainly  seen  by  the  Judges  from  the  stand, 
but  all  such  races  shall  be  continued  by  the  Judges  to  the  next  day, 
omitting  Sunday,  at  such  hour  as  they  shall  designate. 

In  all  matches  and  stakes,  the  above  rule  shall  govern,  unless 
otherwise  especially  agreed  between  the  parties  and  the  Association 
or  proprietors. 

Article  XIY.— Starting  and  Keeping  Positions.— The  horse 
winning  a  heat  sl)all  ta'co  +i,e  pole  the  succeediiig  heat,  and  all 
others  shall  take  their  positions  in  the  order  in  which  they  came 
home  in  the  last  heat.  When  two  or  more  horses  shall  make  a  dead 
heat,  the  horses  shall  start  for  the  succeeding  heat  in  the  same 
positions  they  occupied  at  the  finish  of  the  dead  heat.  In  coming 
out  in  the  home-stretch,  the  foremost  horse  or  horses  shall  keep  the 
position  first  selected,  or  \k  liable  to  be  distanced ;  and  the  hindmost 
horse  or  horses,  when  there  is  sufficiexit  roon.  to  pass  on  tiie  inside 
or  anywhere  on  the  home-stretch  without  interfering  with  others, 
sliall  be  allowed  to  do  so,  and  any  party  interfering  to  prevent  him' 
or  them  shall  be  distanced.  If  a  horse  should  at  any  time  cross 
or  swerve  on  the  home-stretch  so  as  to  impede  the  progress  of  a 
horse  behind  him,  he  shall  not  be  entitled  to  win  that  heat. 

If  a  horse,  rider,  or  driver  shall  cross,  jostle  or  strike  another 
horse,  rider  or  driver,  or  shall  swerve,  or  do  anything  that  impedes 
the  progress  of  another  horse,  he  shall  not  be  entitled  to  win  that 
heat;  and  if  the  impropriety  was  intentional  on  the  part  of  tin 
rider  or  driver,  the  horre  that  impedes  the  other  shall  be  distanoed, 
and  the  rider  or  driver  shall  be  punished  by  suspension  not  to  exceed 
one  year,  or  by  expulsion. 

Although  a  leading  horse  is  entitled  to  any  part  of  the  track. 


. 


RULES  OF  THE  NATIONAL   ASSOCIATION. 


57r 


track, 


except  lifter  selecting  his  position  on  tlie  liuniu-Ht retell,  if  he  crosses 
from  the  right  to  the  left,  or  from  the  inner  to  the  outer  side  of 
the  track,  when  u  horse  is  so  near  him  that  in  changing  his  position 
he  compels  the  horse  behind  him  to  shorten  his  stride,  or  if  he 
causes  the  rider  or  driver  to  pull  him  out  of  his  stride,  it  is  foul ; 
and  if,  in  passing  n  leading  horse,  the  track  is  taken  so  soon  after 
getting  the  lead  as  to  cause  the  horse  passed  to  shorten  his  stride,  it 
is  foul. 

Article  XY.—Loud  Shouting.— Any  rider  or  driver  guilty  of 
loud  shouting  or  making  other  unnecessary  noise,  or  of  making 
improper  use  of  the  whip,  during  the  pendency  of  a  heat,  shall  to 
punished  by  a  fine  not  to  exceed  $2^)  for  the  first  offence,  and  for 
the  second  offence  by  suspension  during  the  meeting. 

Article  XVI. — Horses  nreaJcing.— When  any  horse  or  horses 
break  from  their  gait  in  trotting  or  pacing,  their  riders  or  drivers 
shall  at  once  pull  them  to  the  gait  in  which  they  were  to  go  the 
race,  and  any  party  refusing  or  neglecting  to  comply  with  this  rule, 
shall  lose  the  heat,  and  the  next  best  horse  shall  win  the  heat ;  and 
all  other  horses  shall  be  placed  ahead  in  that  heat,  and  the  Judges 
shall  have  discretionary  power  to  distance  the  offending  horse  or 
horses,  and  the  rider  or  driver  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  to 
exceed  $100,  or  by  suspension  not  exceeding  one  year.  Should 
the  rider  or  driver  comply  with  this  rule,  and  the  horse  should 
gain  by  a  break,  twice  the  distance  so  gained  shall  be  taken  from 
him  at  the  coming  out.  In  case  of  a  horse  repeatedly  breaking, 
or  of  running  or  pacing  while  another  horse  is  trotting,  the  Judges 
shall  punish  the  horse  so  breaking,  running  or  pacing,  by  placing 
him  last  in  the  heat,  or  by  distancing  him.  A  horse  breaking  at  or 
near  the  score  shall  be  subject  to  the  same  penalty  as  if  he  broke  on 
any  other  part  of  the  track. 

All  complaints  of  foul  by  riders  or  drivers  must  be  made  at  the 
termination  of  the  heat,  and  before  the  nder  or  driver  dismounts  or 
leaves  his  vehicle  by  order  of  the  Judges. 

Article  XYII.—Fraudtdent  Collisions  or  Interference.— In  any 
case  where  a  driver  is  run  into  and  his  wagon  or  sulky  broken 
down  without  fault  on  his  part,  the  heat  shall  be  deemed  no  heat 
so  far  as  the  horses  not  in  fault  are  concerned,  but  he  who  causes 
the  breakdown  may  be  distanced ;  and  if  the  Judges  find  that  it  was 
done  wilfully,  the  driver  in  fault  shall  be  forthwith  suspended  or 
expelled,  and  his  horse  shall  be  distanced. 

If  by  any  outside  interference  or  obstruction  a  vehicle  is  broken 


mstJm 


670 


TTIE  nORSE. 


Clown  and  the  horse  prevontod  iVoni  winning  a  heat,  tliat  heat  shall 
-w  deemed  no  heat. 

Akticle  XVUl  —  h'rhttire  to  Heats,  and  Horses  eligible  to  start 
-In  heats,  one,  tw„,  three  or  four  miles,  a  horse  not  winning  one 
heat  in  lliree  sliaH  not  start  fur  a  fourth  unless  sucii  horse  shall 
have  made  a  dead  heat.  In  heats  best  three  in  five,  a  horse  nor 
winning  a  heat  in  five  shall  not  start  for  a  sixth,  unless  said  horse 
shall  have  made  a  dead  heat.  But  where  eight  or  more  horses  start 
in  a  race,  every  horse  not  distanced  shall  have  the  right  to  compete 
until  the  race  is  completed. 

A  dead  heat  shall  he  considered  a  heat  as  regards  all  excepting 
the  horses  making  sueh  dead  heat,  and  those  only  shall  start  for  the 
next  heat  that  would  have  been  entitled  had  the  heat  been  won  by 
either  horse  making  the  dead  heat.  A  horse  j.revented  from  starting 
by  this  rule  shall  not  be  distanced,  but  ruled  out. 

A  horse  must  win  a  majority  of  the  heats  which  are  required  by 
the  conditions  of  the  race,  to  be  entitled  to  the  purse  or  stakes 
unless  such  horse  shall  have  distanced  all  others  in  one  heat,  except 
when  otherwise  provided  in  the  publisiied  conditions. 

Ahticle  X\X.— Placing  Horses.— Horses  distanced  in  the  first 
heat  of  a  race  shall  be  equal,  but  horses  that  are  distanced  in  any 
Bubseqnent  heat  shall  rank  as  to  each  other  in  the  order  of  the  posi- 
tions to  which  they  were  entitled  at  the  start  of  the  heat  in  which 
they  arc  distanced,  and  in  deciding  the  result  of  any  race  between 
the  horses  contending  in  the  last  heat  thereof,  the  relative  position 
of  each  horse  so  c<  ntending  shall  be  considered  as  to  every  heat  in 
the  race;  that  is,  horses  having  won  two  heats,  better  than  those 
winning  one;  a  horse  that  has  won  a  heat,  better  than  a  horse  only 
making  a  dead  heat;  a  horse  winning  one  o-  two  heats  and  making 
a  dead  heat,  better  than  one  winning  an  equal  number  of  heats  but 
not  making  a  dead  heat;  a  horse  whining  a  heat  or  making  a  dead 
heat  and  not  distanced  in  the  race,  better  than  a  horse  that  has  not 
won  a  heat  or  made  a  dead  heat;  a  horse  that  has  been  placed 
"second"  twice,  better  than  a  horse  that  has  been  placed  "second" 
only  once,  etc. 

When  two  or  more  horses  shall  be  equal  in  the  race  at  the  com- 
me^cement  of  a  final  heat  thereof,  they  shall  rank  as  to  ea«h  other 
as  they  are  placed  iri  the  decision  of  such  final  heat. 

In  case  these  provisions  shall  not  give  a  specific  decision  as  to 
second  and  third  mon..y,  etc.,  the  Judges  of  the  race  are  to  make 
the  awards  according  to  their  best  judgment  and  in  conformity  with 
the  pnnciples  of  this  rule. 


RULES  OF  THE   NATIONAL   ASSOCIATION. 


577 


AnTlCLK  XX.— Time  bctvfCH  Ifcufs.—Tho  time  between  heats 
sliiill  l)e  twenty  minutes  for  mile  heuts;  and  for  mile  heats,  heat  3  ia 
6,  twenty-five  minutes;  and  for  two-mile  heats,  thirty  minutes;  for 
three-mile  heats,  thirty-five  minutes ;  and  should  there  be  a  mce  of 
four-mile  heats,  the  time  shall  be  I'orty  minutes. 

After  the  tirst  heat,  the  horses  shall  be  called  live  minutes  prior 
to  the  time  of  starting. 

AUTK^LE  XXI.— Heats  in  which  the  Time  is  null  and  void.—U 
for  any  cause  a  heat  ohall  be  taken  away  from  a  horse  that  comoa 
in  ahead,  the  heat  shall  l)e  awarded  to  the  next  best  horse,  and  no 
time  shall  be"  given  out  l)y  the  Judges,  or  recorded  agf.inst  either 
horse,  and  the  Judges  may  waive  th(!  ai)i)lieation  of  the  rule  in 
regiu-d  to  distances  in  that  lunit,  except  for  foul  riding  or  driving. 

Akticle  XXU.— Weights  and  llVvyi/w;.— Every  iiorse  star  tine 
for  purse,  sweepstakes  or  match,  in  any  trotting  or  pacing  race,  shall 
can-y,  if  to  wagon  or  sulky,  150  pounds,  exclusive  of  harness ;  and  if 
under  the  saddle,  145  pounds,  the  saddle  and  whip  only  to  be 
weighed  with  the  rider. 

Riders  and  drivers  shall  weigh  in  the  presence  of  one  or  more  of 
the  Judges  previous  to  starting  for  any  race,  and  after  each  heat 
shall  come  to  the  starting  stand  and  not  dismount  or  leave  their 
vehicle  without  permission  of  the  Judges.  Any  party  iolating 
this  rule  may  be  distanced.  But  a  rider  or  driver  thrown  or  taken 
by  force  from  his  horse  or  vehicle,  after  having  passed  the  winning- 
post,  shall  not  be  considered  as  having  dismounted  without  permis- 
sion of  the  Judges ;  and  if  disabled  may  be  earned  to  the  Judges' 
stand  to  be  weighed,  and  the  Judges,  may  take  the  circumstances 
in  consideration  and  decide  accordingly. 

Article  XXlll.— Handicaps  and  Miscellaneous  Weights.— In 
matches  or  handicaps,  where  extra  or  lesser  weights  are  to  be  carried. 
The  Judges  shall  carefully  examine  and  ascertain  before  starting;, 
whether  the  riders,  drivers  or  vehicles  are  of  such  weights  as  have 
been  agreed  upon  or  required  by  the  match  or  handicap ;  and  the 
riders  or  drivers  who  shall  carry  during  the  race  and  bring  home- 
with  them  the  weights  which  have  been  announced  con-ect  and 
proper  by  the  Judges,  shall  be  subject  to  no  pcaalty  for  light  weight 
in  that  heat,  provided  the  Judges  are  satisfied  of  their  own  mistake, 
and  that  there  has  been  no  deception  on  the  part  of  the  rider  or 
driver  who  shall  be  deficient  in  weight ;  but  all  parties  thereafter 
shall  carry  the  required  weight. 

Article  XXIV.— ,^^26  of  Tf7»>s.— Riders  and  drivers  will  be, 
allowed  whips  of  the  following  lengths:  for  saddle  horses,  3  ft  10  imi. 
Vol.  IL— 37 


678 


TnE  nonsE. 


sulkies,  4  ft  8  in. ;  wnpjons.  5  ft.  10  in.    Double  teams,  6  ft.  6  in. ; 
tandem  teams  and  four-in-hand,  unlimited. 

AuTicLii:  XXV. — I)i,s/(inc(',s.-^h\  heata  of  one  mile,  80  yards 
shall  lie  a  distance.  In  heats  of  two  miles,  ir)(»  yards  shall  be  a 
distance.  In  iieatsuf  tiiree  miles,  ;i"^0  yards  sluill  be  a  distance.  In 
heats  of  one  mile,  best  3  in  5, 100  yards  sliall  be  a  distance.  Except 
in  heats  wl.ere  eight  or  more  horses  contend,  then  the  distance  shall 
be  increased  one-half. 

All  horses  whose  heads  have  not  reached  the  distance-stand  as 
soon  as  the  leading  horse  arrives  at  the  winning-post,  shall  bo 
declared  distanced,  except  in  cases  of  unavoidul)le  accidents,  when 
it  shall  be  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  Judges. 

Akticle  XXVI. — Purse  or  Stake  Wronyfidh/  Obtained. — A 
person  obtaining  a  stake  or  purse  through  fraud,  shall  return  it  to 
the  Treasurer  on  demand,  or  be  punished  as  follows : — lie,  together 
with  all  the  parties  interested,  and  tlie  horse  or  horses,  shall  bo 
expelled  until  such  demand  is  complied  v/ith. 

Artk'LB  XXVII. — Protests. — Protests  may  be  made  verbally 
before  or  during  a  race,  and  shall  be  reduced  to  writing,  and  shall 
contain  at  least  one  speciiic  charge  and  a  statement  of  the  evidence 
upon  which  it  is  based,  and  shall  be  tiled  with  the  Judges,  Associa- 
tion or  Proprietor  before  the  close  of  the  meeting.  The  Judges 
shall,  in  every  case  of  protest,  demand  that  the  rider  or  driver  and 
the  owner  or  owners,  if  present,  sliall  immediately  testify  under 
oath,  in  the  manner  hereinafter  provided ;  and  in  case  of  their 
refusal  to  do  so,  the  horse  shall  not  be  allowed  thereupon  to  start 
in  that  race,  or  any  heat  thereof,  but  shall  be  considered  and  declared 
ruled  out. 

But  if  they  do  comply  and  take  the  oath,  as  herein  required, 
then  the  Judges  shall  allow  the  horse  to  start,  or  continue  in  the 
race,  and  the  premium,  if  any  is  won  by  that  horse,  shall  be  retained 
a  sufficient  length  of  time  (say  three  weeks),  to  allow  the  parties 
interested  a  chance  to  sustain  their  protest. 

Associations  or  P  'oprietors  shall  be  warranted  in  retaining  the 
premium  of  any  horse  in  the  manner  herein  mentioned,  if  at  any 
time  before  it  is  paid  they  shall  receive  information  in  their  judg- 
ment tending  to  show  fraud. 

Any  person  found  guilty  of  protesting  a  horse  without  cause,  or 
with  intent  to  embarrass  a  race,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not 
exceeding  $100,  or  by  suspension  not  to  exceed  one  year,  or  by 
expnlsion. 


nULES    OF    THE    NATIONAL  ASSOCIATION. 


579 


3  ft.  C  in. ; 

80  yards 
bIiuU  be  u 
tunco.  Ill 
\  E.\c('])t 
tance  sliall 

e-8tand  as 
,  shall  1)0 
?ut8,  when 

(lined. — A 
eturn  it  to 
\,  together 
i,  elmll  be 

D  verbally 
and  Bliall 
e  evidence 
s,  Assoc  ia- 
he  Judges 
iriver  and 
tify  under 
e  of  their 
•n  to  start 
d  declared 

required, 
me  in  the 
)e  retained 
he  parties 

lining  the 
,  if  at  any 
lieir  judg- 

t  cause,  or 
a,  fine  not 
5ar,  or  by 


The  required  oath  shall  be  in  the  (ollowing  form,  to  wit : 

I, 

of  in  the  county  of 

State  of 

on  oath  depose  and  say, 
that  I  am  the  of  the 

called  the  same  entered  iu 

a  purse  for  horses  that  have  never  trotted  l)ettcr  than 
minutes  and  seconds,  to  be  trotted  this 

day  on  this  Course,  and  the  same  that  has  been  protested,  and  to 
which  this  affidavit  is  in  answer,  hereby  declare  and  iiHlrni  that  to 
the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief,  said  before-mentioned  horse  is 
eligible  to  start  or  compete  in  the  nioe  aforesaid,  according  to  the 
llules  of  this  Course;  and  that  I  fully  believe  all  the  provisions  and 
conditions  required  in  the  Rules  and  Regulations  for  the  govern- 
ment of  trials  of  speed  over  this  Course,  were  fully  and  honestly 
complied  with  in  making  the  entry  aforesaid. 
Given  under  my  hand,  at 

this  day  of 

A.  D.  187 
Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me, 
day  of  A.  D.  187 

Justice  of  the  Peace, 

Article  XXVIII. — A  race  "to  go  as  they  please." — When  a 
race  is  made  to  go  as  they  please,  it  shall  be  construed  that  tho 
performance  shall  be  in  harness,  to  wagon  or  under  the  saddle ;  but 
after  the  race  is  commenced  no  change  shall  bo  made  in  the  mode 
of  going. 

Akticle  XXIX. — A  race  "  in  harne»s." — When  a  race  is  mode 
to  go  in  harness,  it  shall  be  construed  to  mean  that  the  performance 
shall  be  to  a  sulky. 

Article  XXX. — Trotting  Horse  and  Punnitig  Mate. — A  race 
wherein  a  trotting  horse  goes  with  a  running  mate  shall  not  create 
a  record  for  time  as  a  trotting  performance. 

Article  XXXI. — A  race  made  and  no  distance  specified. — When 
e  race  is  made  and  no  distance  specified,  it  shall  be  restricted  to  the 
following  distances,  viz. :  one  mile  and  repeat ;  mile  heats,  liest  3  in 
5 ;  2  miles  and  repeat ;  or  3  miles  and  repeat ;  and  may  be 
performed  in  harness,  to  wagon,  or  nnder  the  saddle. 

Article  XXXII.— J/ffMes  against  T'fw^.— When  a  horse  is 
matched  against  time,  it  shall  be  proper  to  allow  any  other  horse  to 


580 


THE    HOUSE. 


acGomiumy  him  in  the  performance,  hut  not  to  be  harnosscd  with, 
or  in  any  way  uttaciieil  to  him. 

In  niutciu's  made  against  time,  the  parties  making  the  match 
Bliall  1)0  entitled  to  three  triain,  unless  expressly  stiixilafed  to  the 
contrary,  wiiieh  trials  shall  he  hud  in  the  same  day;  the  time 
between  trials  to  ho  the  same  as  the  time  between  lieuts  in  similar 
distances. 

Akticlk  XXXUl.—  Whcn  Matches  heconw  Piny  or  Pay.— In  all 
matches  made  to  como  off  over  any  of  these  (Jonrses,  the  parties 
shall  place  the  amount  of  tlio  match  in  the  hands  of  the  stake- 
holder one  day  before  the  event  (omitting  Sunday)  is  to  come  ofl", 
at  such  time  and  place  as  the  Club,  Assocuation  or  Proprietor,  upon 
application  may  determine,  and  tho  race  shall  then  become  play 
or  pay. 

Article  XXXIY.—Age  of  ITorx'^s—how  rechoned.—Thc  ago  of 
a  horse  shall  l)e  reckoned  from  the  first  day  of  January  preceding 
the  period  of  fouling, 

AuTicLE  XXXV. — A  Green  Horse. — A  green  horse  is  one  that 
has  never  trotted  or  paced  for  premiums  or  money,  either  double  or 
single. 

Article  XXXVI. — Horses  sold  with  Engagements. — The  seller 
of  a  horse  sold  with  his  engagements  has  not  tho  power  of  striking 
him  out.  In  case  of  private  sale,  the  written  acknowledgment  of  the 
parties  that  the  horse  was  sold  with  engagements  is  necessary  to 
entitle  the  buyer  to  the  benefit  of  this. 

Article  XXXVII. — Suspension. — The  words  suspended  or  sus- 
pension, wherever  they  occur  in  these  rules,  shall  be  construed  to 
mean  suspension  from  entering,  riding,  driving,  training  or  assisting 
on  the  grounds  of  any  Course  represented  in  this  Association. 

Article  XXXVIII. — Expulsion. — The;  words  expelled  or  expul- 
sion, wherever  they  occur  in  these  rules,  shall  Ixj  construed  to  mean 
unconditional  expulsion  from  all  the  Courses  represented  in  this 
Association. 

Article  XXXIX. — Right  of  Appeal. — Any  person  who  has 
been  subjected  to  any  of  the  penalties  provided  by  these  rules,  can 
appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  Judges  to  the  Association  or 
Proprietors,  upon  ■whose  grounds  the  penalty  was  imposed,  and 
from  their  decision  can  appeal  to  the  Board  of  Appeals,  provided 
they  shall  do  so  within  one  week  from  the  announcement  of  such 
decisions,  and  provided  also  that  where  the  penalty  was  a  fine  it 
ehall  have  been  previously  paid. 

Article  XL. — Fines. — All  persons  who  may  have  been  fined 


BY-LAWS  OF  TUE  NATIONAL  ASSOCIATION. 


561 


under "tlipso  rules,  unless  tliey  pay  tluiit  in  full  on  the  day  of  asscBS- 
nient,  hIiuII  lie  HUHpended  until  tlicy  lire  piiid  in  full. 

All  lincH  sluvll  Ik"  paid  to  the  Association  or  Pro|)rict.or  on  ivho83 
grounds  they  were  iiniwsed,  and  by  them  shall  he  paid  to  tlie 
Treasurer  of  the  National  Association  upon  denuind. 


BY-LAWS 

OP    THB     NATIONAL    ASSOCIATION     FOR    TTIK    PROMOTION   OP   TUB 
INTERESTS  OF  THE   AMERICAN   TROTTING  TURF. 

1.  iVrtmc— This  Association  shall  be  known  ui der  the  name  of 
the  "  National  Association  for  the  Promotion  of  the  Interests  of  the 
American  Trotting  Turf." 

2.  Object.— This  Association  shall  have  for  its  [.rincipal  object, 
the  prevention,  detection  aud  punishment  of  frauds  on  the  trotting 
turf  of  America,  and  to  elevate  the  standard  of  trotting. 

3.  Officers.— The  officers  of  this  Association  shall  consist  of  a 
President,  as  many  Vice-Presidents  as  there  are  associated  Courses 
represented,  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  The  duties  of  the  Secretary 
and  Treasurer  shall  be  discharged  by  one  and  the  same  person. 

4.  President.— The  President  shall  be  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Appeals,  and  when  present  shall  preside  at  all  meetings  of  the 
Association  and  the  Board  of  Appeals,  and  shall  have  the  casting 
vote  at  such  meetings. 

5.  Vice-Presidents.— It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Vice-Presidents 
to  see  that  the  Secretary  is  furnished  with  a  statement  of  all  official 
acts  of  the  executive  officers  of  their  respective  Courses,  relating  to 
this  Association ;  and  at  the  end  of  the  trotting  season  each  year, 
to  prepare  a  review  of  the  whole,  togetlier  with  an  official  siminuiry 
of  all  races  upon  their  respective  Courses :  said  summary  shall  con- 
tain the  date,  the  amount  or  value  of  the  purse,  match  or  sweep- 
stake, the  full  ttrms  and  conditions  of  the  race ;  the  name  of  the 
person  nominating  each  horse,  the  name  of  each  driver,  and  the  color, 
sex  and  name  of  each  horse  entered  r  the  position  of  each  and  every 
horse  in  each  heat,  the  drawn,  distanced  and  ruled  out  horses ;  the 
official  time  of  each  and  every  heat,  the  names  of  the  Judges,  and  such 
notes  and  remarks  as  are  necessary  for  a  plain  comprehension  of  the 
whole.  They  shall  also  furnish  a  list  of  all  persons  that  have  been 
fined,  suspended  or  expelled,  together  with  the  amount  of  fines  and 


Tin:    HOUSE. 


tt'mi  of  8HRprnHion  ;  and  hIiuII  t'liniiMli  a  list  nf  the  oniccrs  of  tlu'ir 
rt'HiKrtivt'  A^*.s(K•illtioll(^  or ('oiirsiH,  with  linir  I'ost  Ollicc  luldrt'HH. 


rt'- 

jti- 


(i.  Scrrvlurii  antl  Timsttn'i'. — It  Hiiiill  In-  tin*  duty  oi'  tiic  Soc 
tur»;.  wlii'miiVHe'iit.to  net  lu  St'tTotiiry  iit  all  nu't'fiiigrt  of  the  Aksoc 
tinii  and  Koard  of  AiuxuIh.  lie  Hliall  kirp  a  record,  to  lie  kept  in  a 
Iwiok  for  that  purpo*-,  of  ail  the  procicdingK  ,)f  hucIi  nu'ttin^H,  and 
Ity  order  of  tlio  PreHident,  call  all  nicetingH  of  tli(>  ABnociatioti  and 
Hoard,  and  attend  to  all  correspondence  relating  to  the  alfairn  of  the 
Association.  lie  Hhall  fnrniHh  each  assixiated  Courm"  with  a  written 
or  printed  copy  of  the  proceedingH  of  all  the  meetings  of  tlie  Associa- 
tion  and  Hctard  of  A|»peals,  and  at  the  cIoho  of  each  year  ho  HJutll  com- 
pile ami  arrange  an  otVicial  record  which  shall  contain  the  proceedings 
in  detail  of  all  meetings  of  this  Association  and  Hoard  of  Appeals 
during  the  year;  a  conii)lete  record  of  ull  races  over  each  and  all 
the  associate  Courses;  u  complete  list  of  persons  and  horses  that  havo 
been  fined,  Hus{)endcd  orexpiUed,  togetherwitli  the  o"  ount  of  lines 
and  term  of  suspension,  and  such  other  matters  as  may  lie  of 
interest  and  eervico  to  the  Association.  Of  the  mutter  so  collected, 
lie  shall  have  i)rcpared  at  least  one  printed  coi)y  for  each  of  tho 
associated  Courses,  and  as  many  more  as  the  Hoard  of  Apjxals  may, 
in  their  judgment,  dirm  expedient;  said  last -mentioned  copies  to 
bo  disposed  of  by  sale  for  the  iK'nellt  of  tho  Association,  or  in  such 
other  manner  as  tho  Hoard  of  Ajipeals  may  direct: 

And  in  his  cai»acily  as  Treasurer,  he  shall  receive  and  take 
cliarge  of  all  moiicys  that  may  be  duo  to  the  Association,  and  make 
therefrom  such  disl)ursenients  in  payment  of  demands  growing  out 
of  tho  legitinuite  transactions  of  the  Association,  as  nuiy  bo  sanc- 
tioned by  the  Hoard  of  Ai)i)eals.  llo  sluill  keep  full,  accurate  and 
distinct  accounts  of  his  recei])t3  and  disbursements,  and  shall 
])repare  a  statement  at  tlio  end  of  eacli  year  (aiid  us  much  oftener 
as  the  Hoard  of  A]»peals  may  ivquii'o),  showing  the  receipts,  expenses, 
and  tho  fniancial  condition  of  the  Association. 

7.  Board  of  Appcuh. — The  Board  of  Apneuls  sliall  consist  of 
nine  (9)  members,  of  whom  tins  President  shall  he  one,  and  shall 
havo  semi-annual  meetings  at  the  office  of  the  Secretary,  viz. :  the 
second  Tuesday  in  July  and  January.  Special  meetings  may  be. 
called  whenever  deemed  iiec.ssary  by  the  President ;  and  at  ull 
meetings,  whether  regular  or  special,  four  (4)  members  of  the  Board 
shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business.  Due  notice 
of  all  meetings,  in  manner  provided  for  notice  of  Association  meet- 
ings, shall  be  given  by  the  Secretary  to  each  member  of  the  Heard. 

The  Board  of  Appeals  shall  have  the  general  management,  con-. 


MY-LAWH  01'  THK   NATIONAL   AbrtOflATION. 


089 


trol  iiiul  Hii|H'i-iiilt'iitlrnt'c  III'  llic  aHUii'H  oi'  (liin  AMMinialioii,  Hiil)jc(!t 
tu  llu!  Uiilcei,  Kt'guliiliiiii.s  uiul  H}-i.ii\v.s  mill  lo  tin  ^irntar)  iiiuHt 
bu  lulUivtuiud  all  uliiu'gi'H  ugaiitttt  uiiy  iuiiuIk'I' of  lliiri  A»*Miiriatiou. 
Tlii'y  riliull  fxuiuiiii'  all  I'VuKiici'  of  fniinl  or  otlicr  lunltirrt  nialiiig 
tu  tlie  turt'  tliul  iei  lirouglil  laloiv  tluiii,  unit  hIuiII  takr  such 
rai'aHiin'8  to  auci'i'Uia  tlu'  truth  or  lulnih'  uf  all  cliargiH  an  in  tlu'it 
juilgiucnt  in  ili'ciui'il  iicci'Smiry  and  propor. 

Till'  Hoard  of  Appialrt  bIiuII  Imvi'  i)owt'r  to  call  a  new  coiiprcHS 
whenever  diriufd  ncriHHary  to  alter,  annul,  anuiiii  or  add  to  them) 
rult'8.  They  Hhall  also  1k>  entitled  to  llie  privilege  »d'  honorary 
inenilterHhip  on  tbo  gruuitdH  and  preniiHes  of  all  the  atiHociutod' 
C'ourrtoa. 

8.  Dulcyation. — A  delegation  to  a  genend  congrewH  hIiuII  conHisfc 
of  one  or  more  perHons,  not  exceeding  three,  duly  authorized  in 
writing  hy  the  Presidi-nt  or  Secretary  of  their  respective  Associa- 
tiojiH,  or  proprietor  or  proprietors  of  individual  Oourses. 

9.  AdiniHsion  of  MembiTH. — All  ai»plieatioiia  for  adnusHion  to  thia 
Association  must  he  made  in  writing,  duly  signed  and  addressed  tj 
the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Appeals,  who  alone  are  authorized  to 
admit  memk'rs.  All  new  uuinl)er8  shall  ahidi!  l»y  all  previous 
action  of  this  Association,  a  copy  of  which  shall  1)0  furnished  thorn 
by  the  Secretary. 

10.  Fee  of  Mcpibcrsliip. — The  fee  of  membership  shall  Im  dotefi 
mined  by  the  Board  of  Appeals,  and  shall  be  payal)le  on  or  Ixifore 
the  first  day  of  February,  in  each  year. 

11.  Forft;itnre  of  Metnberiihij>.  —  An  Association  having  onco 
been  admitted  shall  continue  a  member  upon  the  prompt  payment 
of  dues  for  the  Bucceediug  year,  on  or  before  its  commenci-ment, 
unless  expelled  by  vote  of  the  Board  of  Ajtpeals,  for  a  disobedience 
of  the  Kules  and  llegulations  or  By-I^ws  of  this  Association. 

12.  Duties  of  Members. — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  memlwr  ta 
see  that  the  Rules,  Regulations  and  By-I^aws  of  this  Association 
are  rigidly  enforced  upon  their  respective  Courses. 

Members  shall  in  no  case  allow  their  Courses  to  bo  used  for  other 
than  legitimate  exhibitions,  and  they  shall  lie  held  responsible  for 
any  violation  of  the  rules  of  this  Association. 

They  shall  keep  on  file  all  letters,  entries  «>nd  communicationg 
relating  to  their  respective  Coura^s,  for  future  reference. 

They  shall  furnish  each  owner,  trainer,  rider  or  driver,  with  a 
copy  of  the  niles  of  this  Association,  if  so  requested,  and  shall  have 
at  least  one  copy  posted  in  some  conspicuous  place  in  the  Judges* 
stand  for  the  convenience  of  the  Judges.  ; 


'vm mnun^mtm 


584 


THE    HOHSE. 


13.  Clerk  of  the  Course— It  slmll  he  the  duly  of  each  member 
to  provide  the  services  of  a  competent  person  to  assist  the  Judges 
in  each  and  every  race  upon  their  respective  Courses,  who  sliall  be 
styled  the  Ck-rk  of  the  CJourse.  He  shall  understand  the  rules  of 
this  Association,  and  be  able  to  give  any  information  in  regard  to 
them  tiiat  may  be  required  by  the  Judges. 

He  may  assist  in  weighing  riders  or  drivers,  assigning  the  posi- 
tion of  horses  before  the  race,  or  other  similar  duties  at  the  request 
of  the  Judges;  and  shall  keep  a  book  iu  which  shall  be  recorded  a 
description  of  the  dress  of  each  rider,  and  the  weight  carried;  lie 
shall  note  the  time  a  heat  is  finished,  and  shall  notify  the  Judges, 
or  ring  the  bell  at  the  expiration  of  the  time  allowed  between 
heats ;  he  may  assist  the  Judges  iu  placing  the  horses  at  the  finish 
of  a  heat. 

He  shall  record  in  a  book  to  be  kept  for  that  purpose,  an  ac- 
count of  every  heat,  iu  the  following  form,  to  wit :  First— all  horses 
entered  and  the  name  of  the  riders  or  drivers ;  next.,  the  starting 
horses  and  the  positions  assigned  them ;  next,  a  record  of  each 
heat,  giving  the  position  of  each  horse  at  the  finish,  then  the  offi- 
cial time  of  each  heat,  and  at  the  end,  an  official  summary  of  the 
race,  giving  the  drawn,  distanced  and  ruled-out  horses,  if  any  there 
be.  He  shall  record  all  protests,  fines,  penalties  and  appeals.  This 
book  shall  be  signed  by  the  Judges  and  shall  constitute  the  official 
record. 

14.  Annual  Meetings. — The  annual  meetings  of  this  Association 
shall  be  held  the  first  week  in  February  in  each  year,  at  such  place 
as  may  be  chosen  at  the  annual  meeting  next  preceding;  a  written 
or  printed  notice  of  each  meeting  shall  be  mailed,  postage  paid,  and 
addressed  by  the  Secretary  to  each  member,  at  least  thirty  days 
prior  to  said  first  week  in  February,  and  only  those  Associations  or 
Courses  shall  be  entitled  to  be  represented  at  such  annual  meetings 
as  may,  according  to  the  books  of  the  Association,  have  beeu  mem- 
bers for  six  months  next  preceding  such  meeting.  Eticli  member 
shall  be  entitled  to  one  vote,  and  they  may  vote  by  delegates  duly 
authorized,  or  in  writing,  as  they  prefer. 

15.  Special  Meetings. — Special  meetings  of  the  Association  shall 
be  called  by  the  Secretary,  whenever  requested  by  the  Board  of 
Appeals,  or  in  writing  by  a  majority  of  tlie  members,  and  fifteen 
days  notice  shall  be  given  by  the  Secretary,  to  each  nu  mber,  of 
special  meetings  in  the  manner  provided  for  notice  of  annual  '.neet- 
ings;  one-fourth  of  the  members  shall  be  represented  to  constitute 
a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business. 


BY-LAWS  OF  THE  NATIONAL   ASSOCIATION. 


586 


IG.  Election  of  Officcrs.—The  President  and  Board  of  Appeals 
eliall  be  chosen  at  the  Inaugural  meeting  of  the  Association,  and 
annually  thereafter,  and  shall  retain  their  respective  offices  until  a 
successor  is  appointed.  In  case  of  the  resignation  or  death  of  any 
of  their  members,  the  Board  of  Appeals  shall  have  power  to  fill 
vacancies  until  the  next  election. 

The  Vice-Presidents  shall  be  chosen  annually  by  the  executive 
officers  of  their  respective  Associations  or  Courses,  in  such  manner 
as  they  may  elect,  and  shall  retain  their  office  until  a  successor  is 
appointed.  Notice  of  all  such  elections  shall  be  given  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  this  Association  within  thirty  (30)  days  thereafter. 

Tlie  Secretary  and  Treasurer  shall  be  elected  liy  the  Board  of 
Appeals,  and  shall  hold  his  office  until  a  successor  is  appointed. 

17.  Entries. — The  hour  for  closing  the  entries  of  all  purses  or 
premiums  offered  by  any  of  the  associated  Courses  shall  be  9  o'clock, 
P.  M.  All  letters  or  entries  bearing  postmark  the  date  of  closing, 
shall  be  eligible. 

18.  Fines. — All  fines  shall  revert  to  the  National  Association, 
and  shall  be  pairl  to  the  Treasurer  upon  demand. 

19.  Length  of  Tracks. — All  members  of  this  Association  shall, 
upon  demand,  furnish  the  Secretary  with  tlie  statement  of  a  compe- 
tent civil  engineer,  who  shall  certify  under  oath  the  exact  distance  of 
their  respective  tracks,  measured  just  three  feet  from  the  pole,  that 
is  to  say,  the  inside  fence  or  ditch.  These  certificates  shall  be  en- 
dorsed by  the  proper  officer  of  the  Course  designated,  and  shall  be 
placed  upon  the  records  of  this  Association. 

20.  By-Laws. — Each  Association  may  be  governed  by  its  own 
By-Laws,  provided  they  do  not  conflict  with  these,  or  with  the 
Rules  and  Regulations  adopted  by  this  Association. 

These  By-Laws  may  be  amended  whenever  required  by  two- 
thirds  of  the  members,  but  notice  of  such  amendment  shall  be 
given  in  the  call  of  the  meeting,  at  which  they  are  to  be  submitted. 

BETTING  RULES. 

In  framing  and  organizing  the  Rules  of  the  National  Associa- 
tion for  the  Promotion  of  tho  Interests  of  the  American  Trotting 
Turf,  the  Convention  omitted  all  reference  to  betting,  but  the  com- 
mittee appointed  and  empowered  by  the  Convention  have  adopted 
the  following  rules  which  shall  control  all  bets  over  the  different 
Courses : 

1.  All  decisions  of  purses,  premiums,  matches  or  sweepstakes. 


686 


THE    UOliSE. 


or  division  thereof,  and  all  pools  aud  bets,  must  follow  the  decision 
of  the  Judges,  from  whiuh  there  shall  be  no  appeal;  and  no  pools 
or  bets  shall  be  declared  off  exeei)t  for  fraud. 

2.  If  a  race  is  postponed,  it  shall  not  affect  the  pools  or  bets  that 
may  have  k-eu  made  on  it.  They  shall  stand  until  the  race  conies 
off,  unless  the  contrary  shall  be  agreed  on  between  the  parties  bet- 
ting; provided  the  race  takes  place  within  eight  days  of  the  time 
first  named;  after  which  time  all  bets  and  pools  are  drawn,  unless 
play  or  pay. 

3.  When  any  change  is  made  in  the  conditions  of  a  race,  all 
pools  and  bets  made  previous  to  the  announcement  of  the  change 
shall  l)e  null  and  void. 

4.  AYhen  a  bet  is  made  on  one  liorse  against  the  field,  he  must 
start  or  the  bet  is  off,  and  the  field  is  what  starts  against  him;  but 
there  is  no  tield  unless  one  start  against  him. 

6.  In  pools  and  betting,  the  pool  stands  good  for  all  the  horses 
that  start  in  the  race ;  but  for  those  horses  that  do  not  start,  the 
money  must  be  returned  to  the  purchaser. 

G.  In  races  made  play  or  pay,  outside  bets  are  not  play  or  pay 
unless  so  made  by  the  parties. 

7.  All  bets  are  void  on  the  decease  of  either  party,  but  in  case  a 
horse  should  die,  play  or  pay  bets  made  on  him  stand. 

8.  If  a  bet  is  made  on  any  number  of  straight  heats,  and  there 
is  a  dead  heat  made,  the  heats  are  not  sti-:vi;,'ht,  and  the  party  bet- 
ting on  straight  heats  loses. 

9.  If  in  any  case  the  Judges  declare  a  heat  null  and  void,  it 
does  not  affect  the  bets  as  in  case  of  a  dead  heat  as  to  winning 
in  straight  heats. 

10.  When  a  race  is  coming  off,  and  a  party  bets  that  a  heat  will 
be  made  in  two  minutes  and  thirty  seconds  (2.30)  and  they  make 
two  thirty  (2.30)  or  less,  he  would  win.  If  he  bets  they  wiU  beat 
two  minutes  and  thirty  seconds,  (2.30),  and  they  make  exactly  two 
thirty  (2.30),  he  loses;  but  if  he  takes  two  minutes  and  thirty  sec- 
onds (2.30)  against  the  field,  and  they  make  exactly  two  tliirty 
(2.30)  it  is  a  tie,  or  di-aw  bet.  All  time  bets  to  be  decided  ac- 
cordingly. 

11.  In  a  double  event— where  there  is  no  action  on  the  first  race 
m  order,  in  consequence  of  forfeit  or  other  cause,  the  bet  is  off;  but 
where  there  is  an  action  on  the  bet,  and  the  party  betting  on  the 
double  event  shall  have  won  the  first,  the  bet  shall"  then  stand  as  a 
play  or  pay  ])et  for  t'lc  second  event. 

12.  If  a  bet  should  be  made  during  the  contest  of  a  heat  that  a 


BY-LAWS  OF  THE  NATIONAL  ASSOCIATION. 


587 


named  horse  will  win  that  heat,  and  he  makes  a  dead  heat,  the  bet 
is  drawn  ;  but  if  after  the  horses  have  passed  the  score,  a  party  bets 
that  a  certain  named  horse  has  won  the  heat,  and  the  Judges  de- 
clare it  a  dead  heat,  the  backer  or  the  named  horse  loses. 

13.  In  races  between  two  or  more  horses,  of  a  .single  dash  at  any 
distance,  which  result  in  a  dead  heat,  it  is  a  draw  between  the 
horses  making  the  dead  heat,  and  bets  between  them  are  off;  and 
if  it  is  a  sweepstakes,  the  money  of  the  beaten  horses  is  to  be  divided 
between  the  horses  making  the  dead  heat. 

14.  When  a  bettor  undertakes  to  place  the  horses  in  a  race,  he 
must  give  a  specified  place  as  first,  second,  third,  and  so  on.  The 
word  "  last"  shall  not  be  construed  to  mean  "  fourth  and  distanced," 
if  four  start,  but  "  fourth"  only,  and  so  on.  A  distanced  horse  must 
be  placed  "  distanced." 

15.  Horses  shall  be  placed  in  a  race  and  bets  decided  as  they  are 
placed  in  the  official  record  of  the  day ;  provided  that  where  a  horse 
comes  in  first  and  it  is  afterwards  found  that  he  was  disqualified 
for  fraud,  the  bets  on  him  shall  be  null  and  void,  but  pool  sellers 
and  stake  holders  shall  not  be  held  responsible  for  moneys  paid  by 
them  under  the  decision  of  the  Judges  of  the  race. 

16.  Bets  made  during  a  heat  are  not  determined  until  the  con- 
clusion of  the  race,  if  the  heat  is  not  mentioned  at  the  time. 

17.  Either  of  the  bettors  may  demand  stakes  to  be  made,  and, 
on  refusal,  declare  the  bet  to  be  void. 

18.  Outside  bets  cannot  be  declared  off  on  the  Course  unless 
that  place  was  named  for  staking  the  money,  and  then  it  must  lie 
done  by  filing  such  declaration  in  writing  with  the  Judges,  who 
shall  read  it  from  the  stand  before  the  race  commences. 

19.  Bets  agreed  to  be  paid  or  received,  or  bets  agi'eed  to  be  made 
or  put  up  elsewhere  than  at  the  place  of  the  race,  or  any  other 
specified  place,  cannot  be  declared  off  on  the  Course. 

20.  Bets  on  horses  disqualified  and  not  allowed  to  start  are  void, 
unless  the  bets  are  play  or  pay. 

21.  A  bet  cannot  be  transferred  without  the  consent  of  parties 
to  it,  except  in  pools. 

22.  When  a  bet  is  made  on  a  horse's  time,  it  shall  be  decided  by 
the  time  made  in  a  public  race ;  he  going  single  and  carrying  his 
proper  weight. 

2.3.  When  a  horse  makes  time  on  a  short  track,  it  shall  not  con- 
stitute a  record  for  the  decision  of  bets,  but  only  as  a  bar  for 
entrance  in  races. 

24.  Horses  that  are  distanced  or  drawn  at  the  conclusion  of  a 


THE    HORSE. 

heat  are  beaten  in  tlio  race  by  those  that  start  aftorwanl.    A  Ixorse 

s:: :;  r  r  ,;r '^^^^  ^"  ^'^^^^"  ^^ -^  ^™  "^  "^^  ^--^ 

^J5.  A  person  betting  odds  has  a  right  to  choose  a  horse  or  the 

26.  All  bets  relate  to  the  purse,  stake  or  match,  if  nothing  to 
the  contrary  ,s  specified  at  the  time  of  making  the  b<;t  ^ 

27.  Parties  wishing  all  the  horses  to  start  for  a  bef  mn«f  «„ 
name  it  at  the  time  the  bet  is  made.  '  '"^ 

„   f  f  Y^^;'"„*'"  "^''"^S"'  '^'^^"'•^  «  heat  null  and  void,  all  bets  on 

tute  a  ret^  T"'"'  '""  '"'^'^^  «^  '''^  -^*'  ^^^  ^^  shlll  n  f  on 
BUtute  a  record  for  uny  purpose. 

39.  All  pool,  and  bets  ,hall  to  governed  and  decidc<l  by  these 

nti^tif^rtrrtZ' T^Zi  d^ss:  .rr  ""-^ '-  ^^  "■« 

T^!\h^!'''l  i  ^'''''  S""''  '''*'  "«*  '''^"  '^^'^  i"  «^«  pools  wins  the 
race  the  best  horse  sold  in  the  pools  wins  the  money. 

62.  Horses  that  are  not  placed  in  the  race  are  equal. 


•    A  liorse 
e  tcnuina- 

)rse  or  the 

lotbing  to 

',  must  so 

ill  bets  on 
I  not  con- 

i  by  these 
upon  by 

by  these 

wins  the 


IliJ-DEX. 


Aaron  Burr,  i.  176. 

Abdalluli,  i.  175, 195. 

Abjer,  i.  507. 

Acaster  Turk,  i.  90, 127. 

ActiEOii  Maro  (imp.),  i.  S8S. 

Actress  (iini).),  i.  (583. 

Adana,  1.  583. 

Adola  (Imp.)  t.  583. 

Admiral,  I.  507. 

Admiral,  ii.  tM. 

Admiral  Nelson,  1.  608. 

Adrians  U'lp.),  i.  684. 

.<Bolu9,  1.  13!). 

Africa,   birthplace   of  horse, 

i.  21. 
Age  of  the  horse,  i.  87-73. 

shown  by  dental  system, 

1.  57-73. 
of  noted  horses,  i.  117. 
of  Moreton's  Traveller 
as  connected  with  tho 
Mori^ans,  ii.  281. 
AInderby,  1  508. 
Alarm,  i.  5*4. 
Alb:iny  Pony,  II.  185. 
Alburtazzl,  i.  581. 
Albion,  1.  eOS. 
Alderman,  1.  508. 
Alexander,  I.  l.W,  609. 
Alexander  (amalley's),  (Imp.), 

I.  508. 
Alexandria,  I.  684. 
Alfred  Mare  (Imp.),  I.  684. 
AllcoGrey,  I.  24t. 

race  with  Black  Maria,  1. 
245,  SKI,  217. 
Alice  Grey  (trotter),  11.  127. 
Allogrante  (Imp.),  1.  58*. 
All  Foars,  i.  SOU. 
Amanda,  1.  135. 
Amanda  (imp.),  1.  684. 
Amazon  (imp.)  i.  585. 
Amazonia,  ii.  261. 
Amb:i9?ador,  1.  609. 
American  Blood  Horse,  history 

of,  1. 122. 
American  Boy,  ii.  161. 
American  Eclipse,  i.  73,  n.,  136, 
152,  101. 
age  of,  i.  168. 
color  of,  i.  178. 
flaiure  of,  1. 178. 
genealogical  table,  i.  160. 
memoir  of,  1.  178. 
pedigree  of,  i.  178,  187. 
perform^inces  of,  i.  179. 
races  with— 

Dnchess    of   Marlbor- 

ongh,  i.  177. 
Ladv  LIu'htfoot,  1. 180. 
Little  .lohn,  i.  179. 
Sea  Gull.  1. 179. 
Sir  Charles,  i.  181. 
Sir  Henry,  i.  183, 187. 


American  Horses,  history  of, 
1.  108. 

best  racing.  1.  451. 

best  trottiUL',  ii.  282. 

of  Canada,  u.  UH. 

compurod    with    English, 
1.  41i». 

of  Conestoga,  ii.  67. 

Morgan.  11.  104. 

most  renowned,  i.  449. 

pu-digroes  of  racers, !.  156. 

pedls;rees   of  trottcrrf,   ii. 
280. 

trotters,  11.  286. 

varieties  of,  ii.  9. 

of  Vermont,  il.  49. 
American  .Jwkoy  Club  Inangn- 

ration  Meeting,  1.  883. 
Amertcus,  i.  137,  50!). 
Amoricus  (trotter),  it.  164, 172, 

177,  205. 
Amlna.  i.  585. 
Ami'.rath  Maro,  1.  6fi8. 
Anatomy  of  tho  horse,  i.  56. 
Andrew  Jackson,  il.  187,  214, 

261. 
Anflcid  (lmp.\  1.  509. 
Anna  Maria  (imp.),  i.  685. 
Annette,  i.  1J57. 
Antoms,  1.  50!». 
Anti'jua  (linp.\  i.  580. 
Antonio  (imp.),  i.  609. 
Anvilinn,  1.  5S(i. 
Apparition,  1.  610. 
Arabia- 
characteristics  of  horsep 
of.  1.  HI. 

horses  not  native  of,  i.  21. 

horses  sent  from  Egypt  to, 
I.  »1. 

sent  from  Cappadocia  to, 
1.24. 
Arabian  Horses.— 

Alexander  I.,  i.  78,  94. 

Bell's  Gray,  j.  96. 

Belsize,  I.  133. 

Bloody  Buttocks,  i.  128. 

Bussorah,  i.  151. 

Chestnut,  I.  96. 

Combo's  Gray,  i.  96. 

Cullen's  Brown,  1.  96. 

Cyprus,  1.  133. 

Damascus,  i.  96. 

Diulev,  1.  00,  102, 126. 

Godoiphin,  1.  96, 127, 138. 

Oreslcy's,  1. 128. 

Hall's,  1.  laa 

Hampton  Court.  1.  138. 
Honcywood's  White,  i.  96, 

l.SO. 
Leed'R  "       1. 96. 

Lonsdale's  Bay,  i.  flfl. 
Markham's  "     i.  94,  96. 
Musgrove's  Orav,  1. 126. 
The  Newcombe  Bay  Moan' 

tain,  i.  93. 


Arabian  Horses- 

The  0.'lutliorpe,  1.  96. 
The  I'oitlund,  I.  l.'iS. 
The  Ulchards,  1.  138. 
The  Stallions,  1.  101. 
The  Wollesley,  I.  74. 
Arabian  Mure  (Imp.),  1.  666. 
Archduke,  i.  510. 
Archer,  1.  .MO. 
Arc'  ■    lid.  I.  510. 
Arci...ecture  of  Stables,  ii.  818. 
Argyle,  1.  106. 
Ariel,  i.  liK. 
Ariel,  i.  162, 102, 107. 
pedigree  of,  1. 195. 
perfbrnianccs,  1.  201. 
race  with  FlirtilUi,  i.  208. 
races  of,  i.  207. 
races,  recapitulation  of,  ii. 
210. 
Ariel  (trotter^  11. 1«1. 

match  of  no  miles,  II.  186. 
mutch  of  100    "      ii.  186. 
Aristotle,  I  510. 
Ariniiidii,  i.  180. 
Arnica  (imp.),  i.  680. 
Arra  Kookcr,  1.  611. 
Arrow,  pedigree  of,  1.  8'I2. 
best  tln'ce-mile  race  of,  I. 

.S44-;J47. 
performances  of,  t.  9&. 
Aspasia,  I.  1^58. 
Ass,  1.  32,  m. 
Asteroid,  1.  359-378. 

and     Kcntuclcy     Contro- 
versy, i.  805. 
description  of,  i.  861. 
pedigree,  1.  359. 
performances    of,   i.   861, 

362,  3(H,  369,  871. 
race    with   Loadstone,   1. 

862,  383. 
serious  accident,  1.  809. 
Atalanta,  1. 130. 
Atlantic  (imp),  1.  611. 
Attraction  (imp.),  i.  586. 
Augustus  Mare,  i.  686. 
Aurella,  1.  .'586. 
An  Bevoir  (imp.),  i.  587. 
Australi'.m  (imp.),  I.  .511. 
Authorill<!s  consulted  and  used 
in  I  lie  ijreparatlon  of  this 
work,  I.  ih. 
Antov-rnt,  1.  511. 
Awl\i;  (irotter),  ii.  168, 161, 168. 
tror  with  I^dy  Suffolk,  IL 
l«fl,  IfiO.  173.  904. 
Aysgarth  (Imp.),  1.  511. 
Azof,  .-lege  of,  1.  26. 


Wnbmhavn,  1.  ISfi,  130, 137,  618; 
Bnbrahiim.  f.,  (Imp.),  i.  687. 
Bjibta  (Imp.),  1.  687. 


^"iigSMSPaEW" 


690 


INDEX. 


Bachelor,  fee  Batchclor. 
Badt-'iT,  i.  51-J. 
Biijazn.  i.  Viy  t^(),  r,ia. 
BuJijzut  MariMlmp.),  I.  687. 
Ijni  (Ijurliiii...  i,  |:i,s,  init. 
BiiW  'iiilloHuy,  1.  la5,  laa,  188, 

BuH'm  Kliiilzi'l,  I.  i;i5, 
Bulrowiiii',  i.  :,VX. 
Bailmilly  (Imp.),  l.  507 
BarhK,  I.  |((,  4;). 

Biii(()irH  Mare,  I.  vm,  188. 

Compt((i/H,  I.  Wi. 

Crolt'H  (liiv.  I.  Vin. 

CurH<;ir!<  iJay,  I.  126,  127. 

D<Hli<worthV,  1.  127,  l.sa. 

FairrixV  Morocco,  1.  U5. 

Godolpliln,  1.  ixi. 

OrcyhoiiiKl,  1. 1S8. 

H«r|)iir'(<,  I.  128. 

Uuttim'H  Gray,  1. 180. 

Layton  Marc,  i.  96,  IM,  138. 

Numldlaii,  1.  ,S2. 

Tnirolft.  I.  188, 

Thouloiipo,  1.  98. 
Barefoot,  I.  181,  Bl.S. 
Baronet,  1.  ISO,  513. 
Bartlott'a  ChilderB,  i.  106,  185, 

BaBCombe  (.John),  pedigree  of, 

i.  1(»1. 
Bashaw,  hy  \^'lldair,  \.  130. 
Bashaw  (Imp.),  H.  518. 

Grand  Bashaw  (Imp.).  \\ 
214. 
_     Tounij  Bashaw,  11.  814. 
Bashaw,  .Ttinlor— 
history  of,  11.  878. 
porllsree  of,  11.  2,;. 
Bashful  Filly,  I.  888. 
Batchelor,  i.  513. 
Battledore  Mure,  1.  S88. 
Bay  Bolton,  1. 188, 186, 180, 169. 
(lmi)).,I.B18. 
Colt  (Imp.),  1.  518. 
Mnlton  Mare  (Imp.),  1. 688, 
Richmond  (imp.),  1.  513. 
Bean,  i.  514. 

Beautimi  Star  (Imp.),  1. 688. 
Bedford,  (imp.)-  ^ '" 
Kt^t  of,  i.  139,  614. 
pcdi'Tee  of  1.  188. 
Bel  .\ir,  i.  1,)8,  ilo,  145, 147. 

,  mare  I,  141, 144, 
BcllfouniU-r  (Imp.  trotter),  H 

86,  LW,  17(i, 
Bella  of  Saratoga  (trotter),  il 


nirdcalchcr  Mare,  I.  589. 

Black  Hess  (Imp. I.  I.  58i». 

itiack  Dan.  II.  2811. 

HIack  1)<>M^.'1;|»«,  ||.  aifl. 

Uluck    Hawk    (trotter),    pedi- 
gree, 11,  1H7. 
performances,  11.  I87,  I8t). 
Iit3,ai8. 

Black  Hawk  (by  8.  Monjan),  1. 

11.7.-).'  lai.  nil,  178,  215. 
Black  Hawk  (Young),  11.  lOl, 

necllgree  of.  11.  %•&, 
Black  Maria  (by  Imp.  Shark), 
1,  1.'15. 

(by  I'^llpse),  1. 116, 139,  I62, 

form  of,  1.  285. 
pedigree  id',  i.  282. 
performance  of,  1,  296 
rccaiiilulatlon  of  races.  1 

848,  a-19. 
twenty-mile  race,  I.  28fl. 
Black  and  all  Black,   1.   188, 

144. 
Biack  Jack  (trotter),  il.  119. 
Blncklock  Mare  (Imp),  I.  589. 
Bliick  Prince  (imp,).  11.  515. 
Blank  (Kngllsb),  1.  1.37, 188. 
Blaze  (rjnglish),  1,  1,37, 
Blaze  (Imp.).  I.  615 
Blazella  (liy  Blaze)  i,  187. 
Blenkiron,  I.  515. 
Blonde  (by  (ilencoe)— 
race  with  Arrow.  1.  844, 
race  with  Little  Flea,  l.»17. 
Blood  Horse,  history  of  Amer- 
ican, 1.  1S2, 
history  of  English.  I.  74. 
Blood  stock,  lost  at  sea,  1.  655- 

(V57. 
Bloody  Buttocks  (Arabian),  1. 

188,  13(1.  138. 
Blossom    (bv   Crab      f  re,  1. 
136, 
(Imp.  horse),  i.  515. 
(imp.  mnrc),  1.  5M. 
Bine  Dick,  1.  165. 
Bluster  (imp.),  1.  516. 
Boaster  (imp,).  1  516. 
Bob  Letcher,  II,  98. 
p.cdicrree  of,  |l,  98. 


Bolot'as  (Imp^),  1.  rini).' 
Bollvnr  (hyDiomed),  1. 187. 


Bell's  Gray  Arabian,  1.  06. 
Belsizc  Arabian,  1.  188. 
Belshazzar  (Imp,),  1.  614. 
Belzonl  Fillv,  1,  888. 
Beppo   (trotter),  11.   168,  168. 

177,  204. 
Bcrgamotte,  1,  614. 
Bemer's  Oomtis,  1.  888. 
Bernlce  (Imp.),  I.  588. 
BerwI'kbire   Lass  (Imp.),  1. 

6«. 
BeBt  American  horses,  I.  481. 
Bnglish  horses,  1.  451. 
four  mile  heats,  i,  .162. 
trotting  time,  11,  888. 
Best  time  and  weight.  462. 
Betsey  Baker,  11.  la5, 138,  148, 

1*7.  150,  18^1,  188. 
Betsey  Malone.  1.  118. 
Betsey  Ransom,  imp.),  1.  686 

Bl]'lllt'5u""^'"P-"'^-'*«'- 


Bolton  (imp.),  1.516. 
Bond's  Fh>  t  Consul,  1. 188 
Bonnets  of  Hliie.  i.  1.37.  i(i2, 
races  with  Black  Maria,  I, 
330. 
Bonnie  Scotland,  I.  616, 
Bonnyftice  (imp.),  1.  ,516. 
Bonny  La""  (imp.),  1.  d90. 
Borrock,  Billy  (imp.),  I.  516. 
Bosphonis,  1.  518. 
Bosquet,  1.  617. 

Boston,   i.  116,  187,  130,  184, 
168 
age  of,  I.  876. 
blindness  of,  11.  88. 
color  of,  1.  276. 
pedigree,  1.  876,  380,  11. 11, 

80.S. 
performances,  1.  877. 
race  with  Fashion,  1.  289. 
Boston  Blue  (trotter),  11.  135, 
137.  ISl. 
first  trot  in  public  for  a 
stake,  11.  1.3.3. 
Boston  Glri  (trotter),  11.  204, 
818,887. 


Bowery  Boy  (trotter),  11.  147 
Brahma.  1.  517. 

Bramlywine  (trotter),  II.  307 
Breaking.  11.  ;w;j.  *"'• 

Breaking  (Bauchcr's  system), 

leading  tackle  for,  II.  n 
rules  of,  il.  ,'j4() 
shoeing  for,  li,  .345. 
stables  necessary.  11,  848. 
teiuhlng  the  horse,  il.  374 
tying  up  in  the  stable,  !l, 
345, 
Breeding,  best  age  for,  11.  318 
choice  of  stallion  for,  11.' 

315, 
Cleveland  Bay,  Emperor, 
11.289.  ' 

cflects  of  In-breeding,  II. 

64. 

examples  of  in-breeding, 

11, 2!m.  * 

examples  of  out-crossing, 

11,  SOi.  * 

tor  general   purposes,  11. 

2!I2, 
for  jacing    purposes,    11. 

for  the  turf.  11.  892. 

general  breeding,  11,  809. 

in-and-in,  11.  2;i5. 

management  of  marc  and 
foal.  II,  ,3;)n,  341. 

mongrel  breeding,  ||,  324. 

outcrossing,  li.  ai.3. 

Percheron    Norman   Stal- 
I  Ii(m,  11.  .3^, 

points  of  brood  mare,  11. 
31.3. 

principles  of.  11,  889, 

selection  of  brood  mare, 
ii,  310. 

stud  farm  for.  11.  .3,33. 

theory  of,  in  breeding,  11. 

309. 
time  for,  11  319. 
Brldport  or   Hill's,  Vermont 
Black  Hawk,  II,  110,  ISO, 
820. 
Brilliant  (imp.).  I.  517. 
Brilliant  Mare  (imp.),  1.  690. 
Brimmer.  Good's,  1. 144,  146. 
Britannia  (Imp),  I.  6!!0.  691. 
Brocklesbv's  Betty,  I,  186. 
Brooklyn   Maid   (trotter),    il. 

178, 
Brown  Dick,  race  with  Arrow, 

1,  W4. 
Bninswii  k  (imp.\  11. 144,  817. 
Brn(us  (Imp.),  1.  617. 
Bryan  O'Lynn  (imp.),  1.  817. 
Bnceplinlus  (imp.1.  1.  518. 
niicei)liulus,  age  of,  1,  67. 
Buenos  Ayrcs,    horse    of,    1. 

86. 
Bufcont  (imp).  618. 
Bnlle  Rock  (liiip.),  i.  818. 
Burton's  Barb,  1.  187, 188. 
Busliis  Mare  (imp.),  i.  591. 
Bnssornh.  Arablnn.  1,151. 
Bustard  Marc  (imji.),  i.  691. 
Bustle  (Imp.).  1.  fvl. 
Bustler.  1  105,  129. 
Bntler  (Spanish).  I.  98. 
Butler's     Virginia     Nell,     i. 

1.35. 
Buzzard  (Imp.),  1.  518. 
Byerly  Turk,  I.  96,  187,   188, 

Its. 
By  the  Sea,  1.  618. 


o. 

Cado  (Eii!,'.\  1  19T,  181, 137,  140. 

(ini|>.),  i.  MM. 
CttiliiiiiH,  II  HJ.HO. 
(;iilrii-;;<>rm  (Imp),  i.  K)3. 
C'aleduiilii    Braudur  (Imp.),   i. 

CalUta  Byrd'rt  (imp.),  1.  Wi. 
(!ttlypr«>,  I.  im. 
t'liihc'l  tliup.),  i.  518. 

(Imp).  1.  117. 
Citmel  .Vtitru  (imp.),  i.  S93. 
Oumi-niti  (liii|).).  I.  5!IJ. 
C'limill'i  (Imp.),  1.51)3. 
Oanadliti    lIorHO,   i.   109,  llS, 
111. 

Btiilllon. St. Lawrence  (trot- 
tiT),  il,  18S». 
Canker,  II.  .W). 
C'aiiuoii  limp.),  i.  51!). 
Canwell  (Imp  ).  i  519. 
Oappailotiuii  llor.si',  1.  iM. 
Caprice  (Imp).  1.  51».S. 
Cardinal  Piiil'(imp.),  1.619. 
Carll,di!  Tuik,  1.  125. 
Carlo  (Imp.),  i.  51H. 
Carpatlili.  lIorHii  of.  1.  41,  44. 
Cartoiicli  (Ell:,'.  Hor^e),  1.  187. 
Carver  (Imn.i.  ).  51!». 
Caaemato  (imp.),  I.  598. 
Caasaiiilni  (I  np.),  1.  .'iiW. 
Cassivelan,  charlotit  of,  1.  Sf7. 
Ca^'Mii*  M.  (,'luy  (trotter),  i.  80. 
Castawar  Mare,  1.  187. 
Caatianira  (Imp.),  i.  180,  187, 
5M. 

Scdlgrco  of,  1.  178. 
iiln  (Imp.),  i.  608. 
Catarrh,  il.  514. 
Catchfly  (Imp.),  I.  694. 
CV'"  (trotter),  11.  164,  107, 109. 
Cation  (ISnarlinh),  1. 100. 
Catton  Mare  (Imp.),  t.  CM. 
Civalry,  Grecian,  1.  80-87. 
horsei",  il.  103. 
Niimlillan,  1.  42,  48,  76. 
riders,  il.  307. 
Roman.  1.  8tl. 
Cayuga  Chief  (trotter),  II.  178, 

17.5,  1T9,  1*1. 
Ccler,  1.  Ui,  141, 146, 147, 150. 
Celia,  I.  138. 

Centaur  Mare  (Imp.),  i.  601. 
Centlnel  (Imo.),  I.  519. 
C»tnB  (Imp.),  I.  590. 
Champion  Mare  (Imp),  1,  604. 
Chance  (Imp.),  I.  520. 
Chance,  f.  (imp.),  t.  595. 
Chance  Mare  (Imp.),  i.  596. 
Chancellor    (irotter),    il,   146, 

147, 154. 
Chariot  (imp.),  I.  590. 
Charlotte  (imp),  1.  595. 
Charlotte  Temple  (trotter),  11. 

168.  157. 
Chataiiquo  Chief  (trotter),  11. 

18i»,  818,  813. 
Chateau  Mari;axx(imp.),  1, 100, 

608,  5S0. 
Chateau,  b.  f.    aip.),  I.  595. 
Cheap  (Imp.),  f.  635. 
Chedworth  b'oxhuiiter,  1. 138. 
Chesterfield  (imp.),  I.  580. 
Chicago  Jack  (trotter),  11.  298, 

Ohildars  (Plying),  i.  86, 57, 109, 
1»,  128, 159, 172, 481. 
rBartlett'B),  L  106, 196, 136. 
(Imp.),  I.  581. 


INDEX. 


ChilderB  Mare  (Imp.),  1.  .W5. 
Chlddy  (Kni!.  Mure).  1.  137. 
C'ic'ilv  .Iciphoii  (Imp.),  I.  505. 
('Iiu'liiiiuiiii*,  i.  l.U. 

ciiidi'iviiu  (Imp).  I.  nn.',,  rm. 

citizen  (imp.),  1. 143,  IKi,  10-1, 
171,5-il.  I 

(larallowunl.  i.  151. 

CUivtdmp.),  I.  5-.JI. 

(Mai  on,  pedlt'ree  of.  I.  108.        I 

Ciovel.iud,   Biiy^,   i.    Ill,    11-J, 
li:i.  il.  II). 
W.  C.   Ulvoh'  Bay  (Imp.) 
I'.tuiHon.  11.  8HU. 

Cllfdcn  (imp.).  I.  .VJl. 

(,'lirtoii  (Imp. I,  1.  522. 

Cliiton  I^Hi'  (imp.),  1.  690. 

Clink  (imp.),  1.  .'lUO. 

Cldckliist  (Imp.),  1.522. 

ClotliiuK  of  hornec,  11.  458. 

Clown  (imji.),  1.  SSU. 

Cllihx- 

Amcrlean  Jockey  Club,  1. 

CeiHrevllle  Course,  L.  I., 

1.  15s,  11)7. 
Ilmiliiiu'    Park,    Phiiadei- 

phlu,  11.  1 10. 
New  York  Trotting  Cliib, 

rulurt  of.  il.  1M7. 
Baeing  and  betting  mien 
of     American     Jockey 
(;inb,  11.  5.VJ. 
Rules  of  the  Kentucky  Ah- 

Mociatlon.  11.  5(i0. 
Rules  and  RegulationN  of 
the    National    Associa- 
tion. 11.  &<iU. 
Coach  House,  II.  428. 
Cock-a-hoop  (imp.),  1.  688. 
(Jock  of  the  Rock,  I.  152. 
Cceurdc  Lion  (Imp.),  1. 141,688. 
Colic  Spasmodic,  11.  5J8. 
CoUector  (trotter),  II.  147, 154, 

150. 
Columbine  (imp  ),  1. 596. 
Columbu:4  (imp.),  I.  529. 
Columbus  (S.  White),  trot  with 

Ethan  Allen,  II.  105. 
Columbus,  Old  (trotter),  per- 
formances of.  11.  41, 145, 
148,  151,  17!),  182.  187. 
performances   of,  11.   146, 
14S,  15-1,  17i),  1R2,  187. 
Combe's  Gray  Arabian,  I.  96. 
Comfort  (Imp.),  1.690. 
Commodore  (Imp.),  1.  528. 
Commodore,  II.  801, 268. 
Commoner,  i.  138. 
Comparison  of  speed,  1.419,447. 
Compton's  Barb,  1.  96. 
Comus,  Berncr's,  i.  588. 
Comus  Mare  (imp.),  I.  607. 
Conestoga  Horse,  i.  100,  109, 

history  of,  II.  67. 
Coneyskins,  1.  126, 197, 136. 
Confelerate  Mare   (Imp.),   1. 

597. 
Confidence  (trotter),  11.   166, 

162.  178,  178, 199. 
Consestion,  11.  510. 
r'onqueror,  Spanish,  1.  98. 
Consol  (imp.),  i.  588. 
Consternation  (Imp.).  1.  698. 

11.  25. 
Constellation,  U.  97. 
Contra,.):  (Imp.),  I.  688. 
Contracted  feet,  11.  594. 
Cook's  Bel'  Air,  1. 140. 


591 


Corn.  ill.  in.  limp  ),i.  697. 
<.'iirlutliiaii  Mule  (Imp.),  I.  697. 
Coriiioiuiil  (Imp.).  I.  o'M. 
('(irii.'.  il   52."i, 
Coronet  ilm|i.),  i  521. 
Cottager  Muie  (imp.),  I.  697. 
Coii','li,  li.  rf,. 
Counsellor.  1.  127. 
Courses  (Riice  Courses),  early 
rnee-ciiurses  i.  188. 
In  Niw  \iiil:.  I.  HW. 
Albiinv.  1.151. 
Biilh,  I.  I.,  1.  ir^n. 
Beaver  Pond,  Jamaica    1. 

l.M. 
Ilurlcm,  i.  151-158. 
Ncu  niurkci,  L.  I.,  1. 181- 

15:1. 
Poll  'hkeeo.  ie,  1.151. 
Alexandria,    Va.,   I.    130, 

1)3. 
Beacon  Course,  N.  J.,  1. 

1.')'!. 
Fa:<lilon  Conrse,  L.  I.,  I. 

V?.]. 
Gloucester.  Va.,  1.  137. 
Mainland,  I.  liH. 
Nuifimnl  Course,  L.  I.,  1. 

15:1. 
Newmarket,  Va..  I.  ISO. 
Philadelphia  Course,  1. 13S 

-i:U. 
PowlosIIook.  N.  J.,1.168. 
Richmond,  Va.,  1.  130. 
Union   Course,    L.    I.,   I. 

153. 
Washington      Course, 
Charleston,  8.  C,  1. 130. 
Courses  (trotting courses),flrst 
trotting  course  In  L.  I., 
America,    11.    138,    147, 
169. 
Act  of  Legislature  of  New 
York,  1821,  for  the  same, 
11. 134. 
Beacon  Course,  Hoboken, 

N.  J.,  11.  107, 160. 
Canton,  11.  160, 161. 
Central  Course,  Baltimore, 

II.  IW,  151. 
Centrevlllo  Course,  1. 166, 

107. 
Harlem  Course,  li.  166, 169. 
Hunting     Park     Course, 
PbilaOi'liilila,    rules   of, 
II.  lin-.102. 
Long  Island  Course,  first 
course    in    America,  U. 
133,  l:!4.  117-152. 
Crab  (EnglVli),  Old,  1. 186, 197, 
l:iO.  l:i8. 
Rontli's  (imp.),  1. 187, 6W. 
Sheppani's,  1. 131,  137. 
Cracks  o^  the  Hoof.  li.  68B. 
Crawford  (imp.),  I.  .'>24. 
Craw'er  (imp,).  1.  624. 
Creeper  (Imp.),  1.  594. 
Creole  (Imp.),  1.  596. 
Cripple(Engllsh),  1. 188. 
Croft'sBayBarb,  1.197. 
Cruiser  (imp.),  1.    26. 
Cnb(01dCnb),  1.131,695. 
Cub  Mare  (imp).  I.  696. 
Cub  Mare  (Delaney's),  I.  181, 

Cu'o  Mare  (Gibson's),  1. 181. 
Cnllen  Arabian  Mare  (Imp.),  1. 

Callen  Arabian  Mare,Daclie8B, 
^         (Imp.),  1. 696. 


3 


iiMTiHiifli  ■- 


592 

CuHenV  nr<i«ii  Arahlim.  I  m 

«  ll|>l)cuicr,  i.  ).j(|  " 

<'lirli,  II   r>!HI. 

J'lli  win'-  IluH,  I.  n«,  las  127 

•>nlliliH  (iinj).)  I  nvf)  ' 
typron  (EiiifflKln,  i.  m 
CypniH  AraBiau,  i.  laa  ' 


D. 

DahHlor  (Imp  ),  I.  ng.'i. 
DaahciMlmii.),  I.  :>»-, 
UaniUBcurt  Arahlaii,  I,  ))ti 

D«»M  I).  Tmnpkln'H  (trot.:.,). 
ii.  Hi),  llir,  lli^. 

Uurt-  Devil  Mure  ).  i4j> 
Dar  ..y  Aral.!,!,,,  j.  »).  ;'^,  igy 
D«illn-t„i,  (Imp).  1.  686    ' 
Pi"  id  (Imp  \  I.', 4''**- 
}J  ■\';'y  Turk,  I.  ««,  lao. 

n«na«ii  (Imp.),  1.  saa.  i 

Dfllamo  (l,otl«r),  II.  186. 
n<'l«lit(li„p.),  I.  5«M. 

ni'ii>i.iMc(imp.),  i.rm 

IJfii  z,.„  (imp.^, ,  5a,. 
Ufiital  SjHtem  of  tl.o  Horee,  I 

nei-by  (linp.).  I,  S80. 

pcdi.'iof,  11.  rifl,  liw. 

(X'rronmiino.^,  H.  'jr.T,  ass 
n  amon.l  (KmrlinlO,  i.  loV 
U  uDioinl,  II.  i(w  io!j 
D'iMlmp.)  1.590. 
D'iiim,  I.  l!)7 
Dlflna  (Imp.),  i.  soft. 

nte„fc'^''""n;I.i- SOB- 


INDEX. 

DlMca«(.Hofii„.  rrorne- 
•jUltKir.  II.  n-jft. 

roarli];,MuiiM.^  ofiind  rcni- 

eilli-rt  li)r,  i|.  Ml-.'kSS 
Kaiiilcnufc,  II..VJ-, 
HpMHriKidl,  (Olio,  ii.  B13 
"Pi.'l'i.  II.  .-,1!) 
"pI'iilH,  II.  sai, 
Hiip.riiiirL'at|„ii,  11.514. 
tliniKli,  If  B-iO. 


I  *!<;Ilp|.r(HaH«V),  I.  l+(,  6a« 
I        oliliiiary.  t.  l^^  ' 

,  „  ,m:  I.  fir 

lii-   p»..  iNorllioriit,  |   ftai) 

Kffypi,  I.  .1.        ' 

h(MHC  llrnt  spoken  of  In,  I. 

Inti(«liirtf<|  Into,  l.sa  24  87 
"••nl  I"  •^'•"l>la  by,  I.  !M. 

E  ■"iiordmp,).  I.  (Kif;    "■ 

Wlai  (Imp.),  I   (Kii. 


ti-cail,  or<)v,rroaih,l|.52o 
worms,  II.  61  (,         '      "*"■ 
Docking' of  ||„r«t.,  ||.  .(,vj 

ii!w"i'"7  ""'■''• '  ''^•>*J, 

'  Dully  (hdthri,  Ii    kib  |  ;;,,-•■• '•••■i-',  i   mii. 

IMly  «mmkt.r(.ro  I*),  ||  3,0      I    i' "'"I"'  '•  'i"'- 

asW.  ■■,,  .1.^,0,    i,j|,.„   I  hompHou  ((roller),  11 

j)(m<n,t(r(hiii).i,  I  ,VJ7  '  '''• 

Don  .Jiiuii  (trotter),  |i.  ](i;i  m 

non(Jiilx(itt.(|mp.),|.  587 
Dorlmuiii.  i.  iij-j    '   '•'•"*'• 


Dickey  f.-,er;-:„V."i."i^7;m 
DlnwWdlc,  I.  l;j7         '   ** 

Dloinoddmp.),  i.  130 

''•j',',!?''™»f.  I- 187,141,144, 

memoir  of,  i.  17.5. 

his  wt  In  England,  1.  178, 

hlHjfot  In  Amcrira,  1.  187, 
_,       0*1 ;  il.ll. 


D  omeda  (Imp.),  I.  590. 
1)  on  (Imp.),  1.  r>a7. 
UlscaHOH  of  the  Uorse,  1  490 

canker.  II.  ,'525. 

catarrh,  II.  514 

conKeHtjon.  11,  SIO. 

contracted  feet,  it  8»4 

coniH,  Ii.  585. 

cough,  II,  516. 

tolflo  quarter,  11.  S25 

ftrcy,  11.  581. 

glanders,  Ii.  cis. 

Srrei.Ho,  ll.  588. 

jnflammaflon,  II.  818 

•"(""'gnmatio:.  of  the  brain, 

toflammation  of  the  foot 
or  anito  founder,  11.  58!^' 

laryngltlH,  II.  514. 

mncons  membranes.  Ii 
5l3. 

""vipular  Joint  dlgease,  11 

o84. 
pleurisy,  11.  618. 
pumiced  feet,  11.  a»4. 


::■'•  '    '■)<. 

Dorimam  Miiro  (imn  i   I   100 
DorlH  (Kn.4ll..hM.  jfe'' '• '*"• 
DoriHdmp.i.  I.  (i(H).     ' 
DorniOHBu  (English),  |.  1,30 
Dormonscdiiip.),  |  g.w      ■ 
Dot'criol  (Imp,)  1.  6«7.  " 
Dovo  (Imi).),  I.  r>-iH 
Dmgon  (Imp.).  I.  nas. 
Dragon  (trolU^i).  11.  !.•« 
Dread  (trotter)  11.  1,17,  is,  y^ 
Driver  (Imp.,.  1.  sgy.         •  "»■ 
Driving.  II.  47(1. 

I  Drone  din|>.),  I.  588 

'  pruld  (Imp.),  I.  .-i^H' 

I  piiune,  I.  it,i.  im. 
Diichcus.  b.  m.  (Imn  )  |  mn 

!i)..H>c..ofv..d,d?;,^;i«^ 

DuchesH  (trotter),  II.' 17!)    y^; 
^         I'O,  I;  I,  IKJ,  It-iO  aiV 

"i.'w'''''''-"'"''""'''''  "^"""^ 
Dim'/aiinon  (English),  1.  188 
,  Diinjtiunion  dini).),  1  bsH 
Dmi'mnnoii.  |   1  tj 
Dnroc,  i.  i.iii,  i:;7,  j-,  jg, 

i)(vii.rr,.o  or,  I.  i.sr.  \m. 

Dutchman  (trotter),  H.  iw  i.in 


171. 
Klthan  Ijihh  (iniii.),  |  ny^ 
•;i»:"'ii|Mlloii  (imi>.),  I  n;jo 
l;mu„,  p„,i„„c„||',i, ,'    7'^ 
E.na„e|p«,i„„  Mare  (/n/p  H 

E!;;!;^r,>'^■:'"''l')^ '•'«»• 


E. 

Eagle  (imp.),  1.  539. 
Eastern  Star  (imp.),  i.  floo 
Ebon.v^JJaHto  Mare  (Old  Eng. 
Ebony  (English),"!.  137. 
Ebony      or     YoUng     Ebony 
„  ,,     (linp.),  1.  BOO.  "  ' 

Ec  i)»e  (Imp.).  I,  690,  8,30. 
tcllpHc  (American),  1.57  103 

}^;iit.i«^i8o,ia5;J6l; 

color  of,  1.  178. 
figure  of,  1.  178 
memoir  of,  1.  178 
pedigree  of.  1.  178, 187. 
performances  of  1  n<) 
™rim  ".'  '^^  I^ightfoot, 

nice  with  air  Charles,  i  181 

^  ,.™<'e  with  Henrv.  I.  18.3      ' 

Eclipse  (English),  1.  136,  m 

l(iO,  1()1,  856.  ' 


Emily  (Imp.),  I.  (foa.'     ™*' 
J-mniy  (Imp.),  |.  aos. 
Kmperor,  II.  swa. 
Empress,  1.  158. 
l-.miiivHs  iti(iiter),  i|.  I74 
Kmii  (im|..).  I.  b;!0 
Engineer,  11.  i>()M. 
English  Wood  llorsoR  1  74 

best  Eni-lii-h  horses,'l  451 

comparlsoiiH  of  speed  bol 
Uveen   Amorlcifi    Hlood 
.     ,  horses  and,  I.  441»,  4M. 

foreign  stallions   in  Eng- 
land  In  lT;;o,  1.  ioa,  m. 

came  of,  4;m  ' 

Inferiority  of  old  raceiv.  1 

4iii>. 

"'anli:!^"^^""--'-'' 

"'{'"^"''he  thoroughbred, 

E«^Mk!!  S'l^''"''- '.-'*'• '««.  I'M- 
J^"K  Ibh  Eclipse,  1.  Kii,  4S1. 

li;.,'^'i'l""'""''"P).  i-sst'. 

l;^i.i,'llHh  race  courses,  1. 487-448 
Envoy  dm,).),  1.  680.  ™'^* 
Ephraim  rimomh  (trotter),  II. 

Epsilon.  i.  148.      ■ 
Equny,  mare  (top,).  1  608 
ricsson— 

iloscriptlon  of,  11.  8C9 

pedigree  of,  11.  869. 

performances  of,  11  afiO  270 

™„^=^vith   Motvan  drier 

'"'<IKentncky,11.27U,a71 
Escape  (Imp.),  1.  £ji'.  •"'"■""• 

Esi)ci-syke8  (imp.),  1.  531 
EssontralPointslnathorongh- 

Ethan  Allen,  11.  101,  105,  S15 
performances,  11.  878  279 
En.(ioni,„(imp.).i.5.si     •    '"• 

]fi.?''5Sl'°'''"^'  '■  '**'  *"• 
Express  (imp.),  1.  681. 
Exton  (Imp.),  1.  588. 

Pahrlclns  (English),  1. 148. 
Fair  Charlotte  (  mn  )  1  (loa 
Fair  Rachel  (Imp)fl.' 608 


Eri 


J 


Y.  I.  HT. 

ir 

itlicrm.  I.  mi. 
(.'"iiiui.  I.  1 10,  M7 
ir/.,.!  ",?'•'••■''  '""" 

•  13  if,(i,  iBD,  lai, 

'!',  ni,  177, 

■Ht  epukeii  of  In,  I. 

_t«l  Into,  l.sa,ai,87 
Vml)lu  l)y,  I.  !M 
!>.».  I.  (KM. 
I.  (KM. 
.  )HII. 
l>Hou  (Irottcp),  II. 

(lni|'\  I.  (m. 
'<  limp.),  1  Km. 
"<'i'll(iliii).).l.5.10. 

II  Miiii-  (1111)).),  1. 

!',(I"IP).  I.  fiOS. 
Iliiip.l,  i.  (i08. 

I.  m. 

.  i.  «08. 

m. 

>a. 

«■'■),  ii.  174. 

.  5;io. 

.■ON. 

1  HorooR,  1.  74. 
ii-li  iKirm'H,  i.  4,51 

lllH   of  HllO.'d    h«I 

VnipricHfi    Blood 
'I'l.  I.  441»,  4M. 

UllioilH,    III    Eliir. 

•••;0,  I,  i()3,  10).^ 

SSI. 

of  old  raccrf.  I. 

wned  American 
!»,  4r,o. 

loiiH  In  England. 
,  105, 

2  thoroughbred, 

'•  1 186, 1S8,  KiO. 
\  i.  1«I,  4Sil. 

•p),  1. 6m). 

11^09,1.487-443. 
,  S80. 

III  (trotter),  II. 

np.).  I.  608. 

of,  II.  2C9. 
ii.  S()9. 

iB  of,  II.  8(19  270. 
Morj.'an  Cliief 
<-k^,il.  270,271. 

!■),  i.  C31. 
In  a  tborongb- 
ciiig.  i.  4<H). 
104,105,  S16. 
s,  ii.  878,  87a. 
1.  5.S1. 
•).  1.  ISO,  161. 

.681, 
38, 


h),  1. 146. 

ip),  i.  ma. 

),  1.  608. 


KalrlUx  Roiin  (imp.).  1.  MS. 
Kairliix'rt  Morocco  Itarb,  I.  96. 
Kiili'v  (Kn'.{lihb„  1.  liW. 
H'lilry,  I.  llkl 

KiilcyOiii'i'ii  (Kngllnh),  1.  138. 
Killry  Oiii-mi  (foKi'f),  H-  1»1. 
KalroTi()i(lm|>.),  I.  (104. 
KiilUiwurdmp.),  I.  110,  534. 
Funny  JfiikH  i(rolti'r)  — 

liin-mUc!  inutcli,  II.  IHl,  \»l 
ou>*-hutulrud   nillo   match, 

11.  !■«,  im,  I'.H). 
Fivnny  Murray  (trottor),  II.  18«. 
oai--hiiiidroil-mlla    match, 

II.  ISO,  105,  lOO. 
FiMiiy  (Irotlor),  II.  100. 
Funny  Pullitn  (trotter),  II.  168, 

ISit,  1!»0. 
Fanny  Kuinble,  II.  814. 
FantuRlu  (Imp.),  t.  004. 
Farcy,  II  ,'rfl. 
Farm  lIorrtoH,  monagoment  of, 

ii,  472. 
Fa8hl'>ti,  charactorintlcfl  of,  I. 

137, 151, 1(14, 167, 109, 110, 

881. 
color  of,  I.  SS4. 
form  of,  I.  385. 
match  race  with  BoBton,  I. 

8.Sit. 
pudl^reo  of,  I,  287. 
purformuncoM  of,  I.  88S. 
recapitulation  of  race  with 

Boxton,  i.  80!). 
Fau^'h-a-Ballagh,  I.  407,  408. 
F  ivol  ((JypruH),  I.  82. 
Favorite  (imp.),  I.  001. 
Fa/.zotctto,  Jr.  (imp.),  I.  688. 
Fi!  ir  (.Imp.),  i.  604. 
Fearnought  (imp.),  1. 187, 144, 

140,  533. 
Fcarnouiiht  (Baylor's),  i.  140. 
Fi'iiil  11.  mi. 

Feudlnj;  on  the  road,  11.  481. 
Fellow  (imp.),  i.  633. 
Felt  (Imp),  i.  rm. 
Fell  HorHe  (imp.),  t.  688. 
Felucca  (Imp.;,  1.  60t 
Flat  (Imp.),  1.  533. 
Fl'^'uro  (linp.),  1.  132,  150,  688. 
FllauTce  (Imp.),  i.  005. 
Flllio  l>a  Pitta  M.  (imp.),  1. 606. 
Firebrand  (imp.),  i.  533. 
Flrotall  (Imp.),  I.  5!J8. 
First  Coneul  (Boml'H),  i.  136, 

153. 
Flag  of  Trace  (Imp.),  1.  684. 
Flag  of  Truce,  1.  135. 

sent  to  Ohio,  Ii.  83. 
Flag  of  Truce,  by  Sir  Solomon, 

race  with  Eclipse,  1. 180. 
Flatterer  (imp.),  I.  634. 
Fleet(lmp.).,  I.  006. 
Fleetine  Momenta   (imp.),  i, 

FlemUh  Horse,  1.  88,  88,  99, 

101,  lU;  ii.  18,  38. 
Flear  des  Champa  (imp.),  1. 

805. 
Flexible  (imp.),  i.  634. 
Flexings  of  the  Horse,  H.  887. 
Flimnap  (imp.),  1.  131,  634. 
FllrtiUa,  i.  147. 

race  with  Ariel,  1.  908. 
Flora  Temple    (trotter),  race 
with  Ethan  Allen,  U.  106. 

ftistost  time,  11.  837. 

memoir  of,  II.  380. 

performances  of,  II.  236. 

race  with  Tacony,  ii.  889. 


INDKX. 


Flora  Temple  (trotter)— 

racuH,  11.  1;12,  14.1,  I4U.  l.M, 

l»t,  171, 171),  17.-.,  IT7,  IlHi, 

81.S,  315,  21.'),  2l\l,  222, 221, 

225,  220.  227,  22H. 
FloreHtinc  iliiip  murcl,  I.  000. 
Florida  iiupburn  (imp.i,  I  (MHI. 
Florlde,  l)y  Whi'Iiit,  ittco  with 

I'rvor,  i.  ii>8. 
Florlwl  "(Kuk'UBh),  I.  l.TO,  137. 
Florizel  (iJulT'i'l,  i.  i.«. 
Florlzel,  by  Old,  (lmi>.),  i.  531. 
Flounce  iini|i.),  I.  >m. 
Fluke  (imp. ),  I.  01X1. 
Fly  (Canadian  trotting  mnrc>, 

II.  .l^T,  32H. 
Flying  Chlldor-,  I.  57,  102, 186, 

127,  130,  1511,  178. 
(imp.),  i.  605. 
Fly-by-.\l^'ht  1  Imp.),  I.  531. 
Foals,  nianugcmcnt  of,  il.  311. 

food  for,  II.  3tl. 
FoodofUorl^c^ii.  4(«, 

Pop  (Imp.),  I.  rm. 

ForreKtcr  (Imp.  I,  1.  685. 
Forrester  Mure  (inip.*,  1.  007. 
Fortuiia  (Itnp.),  I,  007. 
Founder,  Acute,  11  ,533. 
Fourth  of  Julv(  trotter),  Ii.  171. 
Fox  (EugllBh),  I.  125,  127,  135, 

145. 
Foxciib  (English),  I.  180. 
Frances  (imp.),  I.  007. 
Frank  Forrester  (trotter),   II. 

108 
Frederick  (Imp.).  I.  636. 
Frior  (imp.),  1.  5)16. 
Frolicksomc  Fanny  (Imp.),  1. 

007. 
Fun(lmp.)  I.  607. 
Fury  (Imp.),  1.  Ii07. 
Fylde  (Imp.),  I.  686. 


Q-. 

Gabriel  (Imp.),  pedigree  of,  i. 

187. 
get  of,  138,  686. 
Gabrlelle,  ch.  m.  (Imp.),  1. 008. 
(Jallutiu,  1.  1!!7,  142,  144, 145. 
Oallopatlu  (imp.),  1.  OOa 
Galloway  Horse,  origin  of,  U. 

89. 
pacer,  ii.  38. 
performances  of,  11.  39,  80, 

31. 
Game  of  English  horses,  i.  4.39. 
Gameuut  Mare  (Imp.),  i.  OOH. 
Oasteria,  b.  f.  (imp.),  1.  60S. 
Gaiilisli  Uorse,  I.  40,  48,  76. 
Gazella  (imp.),  i.  008. 
General  Managcm't  of  Horses, 

11,409. 
Genista  (imp.),  1.  609. 
Genius  (imp),  I.  586. 
Gibson's  Club,  1, 181. 
Gift  (Imp),  1.  537. 
Glmcrack  (English),  1. 188, 196, 

220,  281,  288. 
Olpsey(trotter),  11. 188. 
Girl  of  My  Heart  (Imp.),  1.  609. 
Girth  (Imp.),  I.  009. 
Glanders,  11.  516. 
Glencoe,  ch.  (Imp.),  1. 100,148. 

146,  859,  360. 

pedigree,  i.  587. 

Glcnelg  (Imp.),  i.  5.36. 

Glenevis  (Imp.),  1. 586. 

Olengary  (imp.),  1. 687. 


593 


Olorlanailinp.).  I  009. 
liiHlohiliin  .\rablHn.  i.  96,  137, 

I.MI,  I'll.  l.HO,  117. 
(UHlolphln  Arab'ii  Mure(imp.), 

I.  (Hit). 
Goldenic  (Imp.),  i.  «09. 
GoUlKinith     Muld     (formorl; 
(loldsinltli  Mare)— 
hlxlory,  II.  -^8,  219. 
(luserlpllon,  ii.  250. 
pedigree.  Ii.  iX. 
performunces,  ii.  861,  3611. 
Good's  Brininier,  1.  144,  146. 
Gouty  (Imp.),  I.  587. 
(Iracfms,  I.  |:17. 
druidiy  (linji.),  1.  637. 
HamuclV   1.  1,38. 
Imp.  or  Wllder's,  1.  188. 
Wlldiimn  s,  1.  180. 
Gray  Grantimm    (Kngllsh),  i. 

130,  vrj,  159,  m. 
Gray  Archy,  I.  148. 
(irayChllders,  I.  126. 
Gray  l)lori.ed,  I.  136,  136, 14S, 
147. 
pedigree.  I.  177, 
Gray  Diomed  (English).  1. 178. 
(iray  Diomed  (Barksdalo's),  t. 

112. 
GrayEaglo,!.  104,107, 168. 
cbaracterlHtics  of,  I.  861. 
his  color  and  form,  1. 368, 
his  pedigree   I.  258. 
his  races  with  Wagner,  I. 

258. 
first  race  with,  I.  861. 
the  result,  1. 866. 
second   race  with  do.,  t. 

270. 
the  result,  1.878. 
Gray  Eagle   (trotter),  ii.  188, 

!l)(»,  I!i:i,  194. 
Gray  Marshal  (trotter),  11.  188. 
Groy  Eddy  ((rotter),  11.  319. 
Gray  Harry  (trotter),  Ii.  188. 
Gray  Medley,  i.  1%,  140,  148, 

117. 
Gray  Northum)>erland,  i.  181, 

1.33. 
Gray  Grvlllo  (English)  11.  88. 
Gray  Roblnson(£ngllsh  Mare), 

1. 128. 
Gray  Trouble  (trotter),  11.  198, 

1!U. 
Gray  Germont  (trotter),  ii.  908, 

308. 
Grease,  li.  638. 
Greece  (horse  of),  1.  91. 
fitblu  of  the  horse,  1,  88. 
horse-racing,  t.  89. 
Xenophon  on  the  horse  of, 
1.;J5. 
Green  Mount  Haid  (trotter),  ii. 

810,  319 
Greyhound  (Imp.),  I.  637. 
Greyhound   (TJarb),   128,   188, 

138,  150, 1.57. 
Greslcy's  Arabian,  1. 138. 
(Jrlsewood's  Partner,  1. 186. 
Grooming,  11.  480. 
Gun!lda  (Imp.),  I.  010. 
Gutty  (imp.),  i.  610. 


Hackobont  (Imp.),  i.  610. 
Hamhlt'ton  (imp.).  I.  887. 
Ilainbletonian,  i.  150,  16t),  191, 
Hamlintonian,  1. 187. 


I! 


594 


INDEX. 


lUmpton,  I.  187. 
IUni|ituii  Conn  (Imp.),  I.  ft.'n. 
lUiiiptiiiiCiiiirl  Anililaii.t.  CM. 
Hard  Tlinri.  (Iroliiiri,  II.  tW. 
ilurkriiruiiril  iliiii).!,  I.  5ilH. 
Iliirldt  (liii|i.),  I.  lliu. 
UuriivnK  Uiiiiiii,  11.  i'ii 
Uarprr'K  llurl).  I   1^. 
llarlln);loiiiliii|i.i,  I.  .'i.'lH. 
lllirtlcy'H  lllliicl  lliirm',  I.  106. 
llnrtlcyV  llllMil  llorHo.  I.  I!t5. 
Uartli'v'H  Ijir^'o  Muri',  1.  188, 

l!H,  \M. 
Ilarlltiy'H  Millo  Marc,  I.  134. 
IlartlcyV  Koaii  llorKi-,  I.  l.'M. 
Ilauthoy  (EiikHhId,  1. 107,  19(1, 

riauthoy  Marct  (\V liken),!.  198, 

l«.  l:»i. 
Ho8<l»  or  Tails  (Imp.),  I.  444, 

010. 
Uortordnip.),  1.688. 
Hector  (Iroltur),   11.   174,    187, 

He<l);Mfoi  :  (Imp.),  1.  181:  ped- 

iKrt^f.  I.  MH. 
Helen,  b.  iii.  (lini).),  1. 610. 
HuliiiHlcy  Turk,  I.  OB,  106,  ISfl. 
Henry  Porrlll,  1.  K19. 
HoDry   Porrltt— KadtCBt  MUo- 

racn on  record,  1. 840,iMl. 
Herald  (Imp.),  I.  mi. 
Herculi'H  (Imp.),  1.  B8lt. 
HerMaJcHiy  ilnip.),  1.  Oil. 
Hero  (Imp.),  1.  iiiJO. 
Hero  (troller),  II.  217,888,  886. 
Herod  (Imp.),  1.  tm. 
UlblBOUHilnip.),  1.  580. 
Hickory  (VIrfjinIa),  1.  180. 
Highflyer  (Eni,'lUli),  I.  106, 188, 

Highflyer,  br.  c.  (Imp.),  1.  6311. 
HiKbflyer  Mure  (Imp.),  1.  (101. 
Highlander  (Imp.),  1.  MO. 
HlllHhoroni'h  (imn),  I  640. 
Hip  (EngllHh),  I.  l84. 
Hlppona,  br.  m.  (Imp.),  1.  611. 
Ulram    Drew    (troUcr),    trot 
with  Ethan  Allen,  11. 106. 
Hletory  of  the  Horse— 

At^kan  Barb,  1.  40-48,  96, 
127,  186. 

American  horse,  i.  108. 

American  blood  horse,  1. 
122. 

Arabian,  1.  94,  4S,  96, 187, 

British,!.  97,41,76. 
Buenos  AyreH,  1.  85. 
Caimdinu  Ilorse,  U.  63. 
C'oneritoga  horse,  11.  67. 
E^ptlan  horse,  1.  91,  34, 

Engilsh  Mood  horse,  1.  74. 
Grecian,  1.  98,  80,  31,  87. 
'owa  stock,  11. 100. 
Mtchljs'an  stock,  11.  88. 
Mor^mn  Htock,  11. 104, 
Narfagansett  stock,  11.  67, 

60. 
Now  York  blood  horse,  1. 

149. 
Ohio  stock,  11.  76,  88. 
Spanish  horse,  i.  96,44, 78, 

100,  132. 
Tennessee  blood  horse,  1. 

KM. 
Trotting  horse,  II.  123. 
Wild  horse  of  Texas,  i.  26, 

109. 


Hobor  Nnhdnin.),  I.  640. 
llukee  I'okee  Maru  (Imp.),  I. 

Oil. 
lloncHt  John  (Imp.),  1.  640. 
Honest  .lohn  (trotter).  It.  1U9, 

•^\H. 
Honey  Comb    inmch,    1.   19B, 

l.'KI,  I.'lH. 
Iloneynuiid's  Arabian,  i.  96, 

126,  l;i6. 
Uoolon  (imp.),  1.  640. 
Hope,  eh.  m.  (Imp.),  1.  619. 
Honiel,  1.  i;i7. 

Horse,  his  origin,  1.  21,  28,  97. 
Ago  and  dental  system  of, 

1.67. 
American  blDod,  I.  189. 
Amvrk'an,his  varieties  and 

breed,  I.  IdH;  U.K. 
Barbs,  i.  26,  40,  42,  48,  14, 

IM,  1(5(1. 
Canadian,  II.  08. 
C'onestDgH  horse,  11.  67. 
English  bloiMl,  1.74. 
Klemlsu,  I.  M,  88, 109,  111 ; 

II    IN   28 
Oaiillsb.  I.'40,  48,  44.  76. 
Oermaii,  1.  18,48,77. 
linporti^d,  list  of,  1.607. 
Iowa  stock,  II.  100. 
Michigan  slock,  II.  88, 
Miirgiin  horse,  11.  IIM,  110. 
Narrrgiinsett  horse,  II.  07. 
Natural  history  of  the,  1. 

68. 
New  York  blood,  i.  149. 
Norman  boi-se,  1.  30. 
Ohio  and  western  stock,  11. 

7ft.n.3. 
.Scvthla  (horse  of),  I.  41,  1 

Spanish,  1.  22,  2.5,  44,  78, 
K),  Wl,  !IH,  110;  11.15.  I 

gynoiiyniesof  the,  I.  15.       | 

Tartary  (horse  of),  I.  26. 

Tennessee  blood,  I.  110.       | 

Thessallan,  1.  8.3,  28,  81,40. 

Thradau,  I.  38,  88,  31,  40, 
41,  43,  44. 

Trotting  horse,  II.  188. 

Turkish  bor>  e,  1.  (14-106. 

Vermont  draught,  II.  49. 

Wild,  1.  25,  96. 
Horsemanship,  ii.  864. 
Hourl  (Imp.),  i.  811. 
Hugh  Lupos  (Imp.),  1.  640. 
Hunting  Park  Course,  Bules 

of,  11.  140-102. 
Hurrah  (Imp.),  1.  540. 
Ilutton's  Ciray  Barb,  1.  186. 
Hyacinth  (imp.),  i.  613. 


Jack  Andrews  (imp.),  I.  641. 
Jack  of  Diamonds  (Imu.),  1. 

Ml. 
Jack  UoBslter  (trotter),  II.  1H7. 

IIW,  11(7,  9l>i'..2(M,  818. 
Jack  Hplgot  Maru  (imp.),  1.613. 
James  K.  Polk  (pacer),  ll.  154, 

iM2,  185,  Itft,  IWl,  189, 192. 
Jane  Wellington  (imp.),  I  014. 
Janottc,  b.  f.  (Imp.),  1.  61 1. 
ip.),  1.  189,  1 


140,  114. 


Janus  (iin|: 

Javollna  (Imp),  1. 614. 

Jenny  Cameron  (Imp.),  1. 197, 

'  128,  18.1,  159,  614. 

I  Jenny  nisnial  (imp.),  l.  614. 

;  Jenny  Mills  (Imp.),  1.  614. 

Jerry  (trotter),  trot  with 
Wlialebonc,  I.  158,  158. 

Jersey  Kate  (trotter),  II.  188. 

Jerusalem  (Imp),  I.  616. 

Jessica,  eh.  f.  (imp.),  I.  614. 

Jig  (Engilsh),  1.  12.5,188. 

Jockey  Clubs.— For  Rules  and 
liegnlathms  see  Clubs, 
liaclng  Clubs,&  Courses. 

John  Bull  (Imp.),  I.  549. 

John  Tyler  (trotter),  11,  169. 

Joint  Disease   II.  NM. 

Jolly  Roger,  alias  Roger  of  the 
Vale  (Imp.),  1.  197,  18:1 
189,  140,  144,  145,  140. 
pedigree  of,  1.  642. 

Jonah  (imp.),  I.  549. 

Jordon,  eh.  h.  (Imp.),  1.  549. 

Julius  CiEsar  (Imp),  1.  648. 

Juniper  (English).  1.  130. 

Juniper  (imp.),  I.  548. 

Junius  (imp.),  i.  MS. 

Justice,  by  Justice  (imp.),  1. 
843. 

Justice,  by  Regulus  (imp.),  1. 
543. 

Justice,  by  Blank  (Imp),  1  .M.S. 

Justin  Morgan  (trotting  stal- 
lion), 11.  104. 
memoir  <-f,  11.  100. 
description  of,  11, 110. 


I. 

Indian  Pony,  II.  86. 
Inferiority  of  old  Racers,  1. 485. 
Inflammation,  11.  613. 

of  the  brain,  517. 

of  the  feet,  688. 
Invalid  (Imp.),  1. 018. 
Invercauld  (Imp.),  I.  618. 
Inverlocky  (imp.),  I.  619. 
Inverness  (Imp.),  I.  618. 
Invemglass  (imp.),  I.  018. 
Iota  (Imp.),  I.  Ml. 
Iowa  State,  horse  stock  of,  11, 

100. 
Isabel,  br.  m.  (Imp.),  1.  618. 
Isabella,  ch.  f.  (imp.),  I.  618. 


Kate  (trotter),  trot  of  100  miles, 

Ii.  108, 108. 
Kemblo,  Jackson  (trotter),  11. 

149,  196,  818. 
pedigree  of,  11.  217. 
three-mile  trot,  11.  818. 
Kentucky,  1.  ,374-406. 
pedigree,  1.  874. 
ueecriptlon  of,  I.  876. 
performances  of,  1. 376, 876, 

877,878.  S^O,  881, 388, 889, 

400,  40.3.  405. 
race    with   Aldebaran,   1. 

876. 
race  with  Flectwing  and 

Aldebaran,  i.  878. 
race  wlthCapt.  Moore  and 

Rhinodyne,  i.  379. 
race  at  Saratoga  Springs, 

1886.  1.  381. 
at  American  Jockey  Club 

Inauguration,  I.  888. 
against  time,  1.  40a 
his  get,  1.  406. 
Kill  Devil  (Imp.),  i.  616. 
Kilton  (imp.),  1,  648. 


•AM 


J. 

"  (Imp),  1.  541. 
iuuuUh  (Imp.),  I. 

r  (trotter),  II.  1h7. 
,*»•■,  an,  418. 
ilHrudmp.)  1.618. 
Ik  (imccr),  ll.  lf>4. 
,  IW,  1H8, 18l».  IIOJ. 
ton  (Imp.).  I  «H. 
(Imp.),  I.  «1 1. 
,  I.  ISfl,  140,  144. 

i),  t.  614. 

■oil  (Imp.),  1. 187, 

,  151),  014. 

i  (Imp.),  I.  614. 

Imp.),  I.  614. 

or),     trot     with 

ione,l.  IBS,  ISB. 

trotter),  II.  18H. 

ip),  I.  616. 

(Imp.),  I.  614. 

I.  12A,  138. 
.—For  RuleH  and 
ioDR  eee  ClubH, 
[Jlnhf>,&  C'ourHCH. 
p.).  I.  M8. 
rotter),  II.  168. 
,  It.  m. 

llaH  Roger  of  the 
np.),  1.  187,  ia% 

144,  14fi,  146, 
)r,  I.  648. 
1.648. 

(Imp.l,  I.  M3. 
Jmp),  i.  64a. 
IhIi).  i.  ISO. 
),  1.  MS. 

I.  6I.S. 
iiHtlce  (imp.),  i. 

eguluB  (imp.),  1. 

nk (imp),  i .M.S. 
1  (trotilDg  8t«l- 
104. 

,  II.  100. 
1  of,  11. 110. 


<.. 

trotoflOOmileB, 
8. 

ion  (trotter),  II. 
818. 

r,  II.  217. 
trot,  11.  818. 
4^06. 
.874. 

I  of,  i.  878. 
;eB  of.  1.876, 876, 
no,  881, 388, 889, 
105. 
Aldebaran,   I. 

Fleetwing  and 
n,  i.  878. 
apt.  Moore  and 
le,  i.  379. 
■atoga  SpringB, 

n  JoGkcy  Clnb 

tion,  i.  m. 

e,  i.  403. 

1)6. 

),  i.  618. 

,648. 


Klii«  Krnpi>l  (Imp.),  I.  844. 
KliiK  lU'ioildiiip.!.  i.  I-.M,  |:!0, 

l;ii,  Vix. 
King  lllriitii  (ii.ii).),  I.  814. 
Klnit  circyiiiry  (Imp.),  I.  814. 
Klnv  'I'oiii  .Miirc  diiip.i,  i.  618. 
Kin;;  Williiiiii  (Imp  ),  I.  841. 
Kilty  Hull,  ell.  f.  (imp  ),  I.Ht.V 
KItly  I'MMii'rdmp.i,  I.  1-JH,  lU, 

l.-.!l,  (115. 
KnIghl  ol'Ht.  OoorKU  (Imp.),  I. 

518. 
Knnwxii'y  (Imp.),  I.  MR. 
Know  .Nolliini;,  nllmi  KIk.  Dan, 

iilliirt  l.4tucet,  ii.  !ill),  381, 

m. 

Kouli  Kban  (Imp.),  i.  840. 


La  Iteysdere  (Imp.).  1.  61B. 
Lady  Ai,'Me«  (Irottcr),  II.  i;*!). 
Ijldy  ll()vin^^  itrotlor),  II.  tlW. 
liady  Krookrt  (I rotter),  U.  8(H, 

•21 1,  315,  310. 
Lady  Dull  (Imp.),  i.  H16. 
I.«dy  Hinil>ury  (imi).),  I.  6)6. 
Liuly  ClifHterHeld,  1.  187. 
Lady  Klizahetli  (imp.),  I.  616. 
Lady  Kmlly  (Imp.),  1.  616. 
Lady  Kly  (Imp.),  1.  (11(1. 
Lady  Kultou  (trotter),  II.  15.5, 

1H3. 
twenty-mile  trot,  11.  884. 
Lady    (>.    (Lady  (iaticoigae), 

"•"■i.),  1.  ()17 


Lady  Urey,  gr.  f.  (imp.),  I.  617. 
Lady  JauKHon  (truttur),  11.  148, 

14,5,  156. 
Lady  Jane  (trotter),  11. 183, 188, 

IH!),  303,  313. 
Lady  Kate  (trolter),  11. 151, 801. 
Lady  Llghtfoot,  by  Shark,  1. 

Lady  Litfhtfoot,  by  Sir  Archy, 
i.  103,  IHO. 
produeo  of,  I.  388. 
Lady  Mooecv  (trotter),  1.  114; 
11.  1S.5.   '87,  193,  104,  198, 
803,  801.  313,  337. 
Lady  Mostrn  (imp.),  I.  617. 
Lady  Northumberland  (imp.), 

1. 107. 
Lady  Pelham  (trotter),  11.  208. 
Lady  Relief,  I.  336. 
Lady  Seott  (Imp.),  I.  617. 
Lody  Shofflold  (imp.),  1.  617. 
Lady  SiilTolk  (trotter)),  II.  142, 
1«!»,  IM. 
flrHt  race,  Ii.  167. 
memoir  of,  11.  309. 
performaneea, Nummary  oil 

II.  30!»,  310,  311. 
pedi^free  of,  11.  208. 
racen,  Ii.  16;)  to  306. 
Lady  Sutton  (trotter),  perform- 
ancen  of,  ii.  187,  188,  189, 
193,  193,  194.  198,  a(M. 
Lady  Sykes  (Imp.),  1.  618. 
Lady  Thomo— 

description  of,  ii.  344. 
hlBtory  of,  11.  310-342. 
pedigree  of,  11.  243. 
performances  of,li.  3.15-347 
Lady  Vomon  (trotter),  il.  21(i. 
Lady  Victory  (trotter),  il.  151, 

170. 
Lady  Washington  (trotter),  11. 
179,  183,  199. 


INI>i:X. 


l„uiiiillphler,  1    1!«. 

LaiH'i,  iiiiiis  llliii'k  Dan,  or 
Kudu  Nulliliii.'.  II.  ||, 
1.>1.  -M).  -Ui.  3JI1.  a-.;,. 

l.aneri'0!<i  Mure  dmp  l,  I  6IH. 

l.uiiK'ai'  .Mare  dnip.i,  1.  618. 

Ijiiiljiiird  (iiiiii.i,  1.  54.'i. 
"Cllt  lo  olild.  11.  K-i. 

I,'.\iii.'lal»i'  dihp.i,  I,  618. 

Lantern  drotten,  II.  319,  886, 
337 

liUpdog  (Imp  ),  I.  M.5. 
[  Laplog  Miiiv  (Imp.),  1.  619. 

l.a|iiillHi  (linn. I,  I.  846. 


l.a|iiillHi  (Imp. I,  I. 
(.aryngilU.  II.  514. 
Lalli  (Imp.),  I.  137, 
10.. 


131,816;  II. 

UwyiM-.  Tile  (Imp.),  I.  M(l. 
L.iyton'rt  Itiirl),  I.  m.  138,  130. 

miiri',  I.  188,  l.')7. 
LenmlM!;ton  (imp.),  I.  407-118, 
51(1. 

dCHcrlplion  of,  I.  4(H». 

hlrti'i't,  1.  11(1,417. 

pe(ll','ri'e,  1.  107. 

perlbrmuncen  of,  1. 411, 418, 
413,  414,  115.  41(1. 
Leconite,  1.  1(«).  KKI. 

IKHlit'rec  of,  I.  313. 

performunceH  of,  i.  314-«'7. 

first  r.ice  with  Lexington, 

1.  317. 
BUmmary,  1.  881. 
Bocond  ruec!  with  Lexing- 
ton, I.  im,  .3:15. 
BUinnmry  race,  I.  810,  »I7, 
348. 
Lecd'H  Arabian,  1.  (W. 
Leviathan  (Imp.),   I.  188,  148, 
11.5,  147. 
nedifrree  of,  I.  W7. 
Lexiiiv'ton,  1.  1(10,  161). 

choractori^iieH  of,  1.  806. 
great   conttwt    race   with 

Leeomte,  1.  317. 
great  match  against  time, 

1.  338. 
his  third  great  race,  I.  838. 
pedigree  ol,  1.  SO:). 
perfoi-mmices  of,  I.  808. 
race,  il.  11. 
Bumiiiury,  I.  881. 
the  race  Itself,  I.  838. 
time  of  nice,  1.  3!0,  !W7. 
Light  InfUntry  (Imp.),  I.  150, 
151. 
pedlf.'  ee  of,  847. 
LikeuesH,  oh.  m.  (imp),  1.  619. 
Lily  (imi).),  1.619. 
Lindsiiy's  Arabian,  II.  100. 
LiHter'sorSlradiiiigTni-k.  1  96. 
List  of  Imported  Stallions,  I. 

507. 
List  of  Imported  Mares  and 

Fillies,  1.  58:j. 
Little  Flea,  1.  140. 

best  three-mile,  I.  141. 148, 
■M7. 
Littk  Hartley  Maro,  1. 137. 
Little  Jane  ((mp.),  1.  619. 
Lochlel   (Imp.),  1.  547. 
Lofty  (Imp.).  1.  647. 
Longwnlste  (imp.)  1.  847.  i 

Lonsdnle  Bay  Arabian,  1.  96, 

127.  , 

Lonsdale  B.  (Imp.),  1.  !>4a.  ! 

Lottery  Mare  (imp.).  1.  630.        i 
Lonn  Clarou  Mare  (Imp.),  i.  6aa 
LuciouB  (Imp.),  i.  b'3a  1 


696 


Lury  (Imp.),  i.  680. 
LiiiIiomI  (Imp.),  I   ais. 
Liiiiu  din|i.).  I.  (1311. 
Liiniiri- 1  Imp.  1, 1  M8. 
I.nriliii-  (Imp. I.  I  iivi 
Luzlionimrli  dnip  1,  I   818. 
Lyriir'/iiH  (imp  '.  I.  518. 
Lyaril  fypiu  ■  liuree,  1.  IS. 

M. 

Mac  (trolter),  11.  193.  101,  808, 

316.  3l!l.  -W),  333. 
Madcap.  1>.  f.  dnip.i,  1.  (131. 
MacdHoii,  I,  1:1;. 
Maggie  iBiirnB'  Mare),  age  of, 

I.  5i. 
Mag^y  Lander,  (liiipi,  1.  (131. 

,  i.549. 


magiiy  Lander,  (liii| 
Magic  (Imi)  ),  I.  5|H. 
Mii(,'ii(tlc  .Nci-ill.-  (In 


-    ., vJliip,), 

Magiiiiiia,  I.  374. 

produce  of.  1.  374. 
Mau'iium  Hiiinim  (Imp  ),  I.  810. 
Maid  (iflhmor  (Imp.),  1.  631 
Muld  of  tlie  Oaks,  1.  13(1,  148, 

168. 
Maid  of  Orleans  (Imp.),  I.  631. 
Maid  of  HoyHtdii  (imp.).  1.  631. 
Mnlil  iif  V\  iri-ei  (imp).  1.  (133. 
MakelcsH  (tingllsh),  1.  13H,  183, 

1:1.'. 
Major  \\  lidleld  (now  Edward 
Kvcicii) 
hisloi'v  of.  11.  3(1(1,  367. 
peiii.'iec  of,  II.  fM. 
Mnlibruii,  ch.  111.  (imp.),  1.  688. 
Mandirlna  (Imp),  1.  632. 
Mamlirliia  Mare,  br.  (Imp.),  1. 

(133. 
Munilirino  Chief— 
pedlijree,  11.  875. 
performanc(w,  11.  875,  878. 
Manfred  (imp.),  i.  MO. 
Mango,  br.  c.  (imp.),  1.  WO. 
Mungo,  cli.  f.  (Imp.),  1.  688. 
Maufu  (imp.),  1.633. 
Mn.ohostt  (imp.),  I.  (138. 
Mares  (imp.),  i.  588. 
Mares.     Barb  of  ClmrlcB  IL, 
1.  108,  106,  10(1. 
oge  for  breeding,  II.  318. 
maimgoment  ol\  11.  SM. 
points  of  brood.  Ii.  818. 
selection  of,  11.  810,  811. 
Mar!,'rav(!  (imp.),  1.  54U. 
Margravine,  ch.  m.  (Imp.),  I. 

1133. 
Maria  Ulack,  br.  m.  (imp.),  L 

Marin  Ilnjiies,  i.  141, 142. 
Marigold '(imp.),  I,  (133 
Marion  (by  Sir  Aicliv).  1.  174. 
Marion  (trolter),  ii.  193. 
Mariner  (by  Shark),  1.  300. 

race  wUh  Boston,  I.  800. 
Maritana  (Imp),  1.  633. 
Mark  Anlhonv  (Imp.),  I.   137, 

185,  110,  141,  145,147. 
Markham  Arabian.  1.  91. 
Marlborough  (English),  1.  188, 

137. 
Marplot  (Imp.),  i.  R5o. 
Mnrske,  1. 105. 106. 107, 1.3«,  168. 
Mary  (^ray  (imp.),  i.  63;^ 
Mary  r.rey  dmp.i,  1.  110. 
Mask  dmo.i,  1.  'iM. 
Massaclinsetts,  horse  of,  i.  109, 

IK).  ll'>. 
Master  Robert  (Imp  ),  1.  850. 


'■.m 


Ji 


600 


INDEX. 


Malrhvm  (liii|).),  I.  ri.K). 
MkU'Ui'h  i)f  riutTi"  - iir  Amcrl- 

ran     Krll|,.,.     m,,,     ^i, 

t'littrlcH,  I   iNi. 
of  AloiiZD  uiid  Orvlllo,  I. 

of  Aiiicilcmi  KcllpBc  and 
Sir  II,  Ml  V,  I   III,-,  l^<l,  iw. 

ofAilclmiaKllillllii,  l.-joa. 
(07. 

of  Allow  «n(l  Lltllo  Floo, 
I.  .'ll.'i, 

of  Allow  mill  Drown  DU'k. 
I.  ll.->,  IIH 

of  AiiNtriilliiiindKlnHHton, 

I.  in,  n.-. 
Of  Hlmk  .MiirlH  ami  throu 

maicN,  I.  Kir,  a;)ii, .(«. 
of  IIomIdii  and  FiiHlilon,  I. 

Ili7,  -JHB. 
of  ciilldi'iM and  Almiuizor. 

I.  I«l,  li). 
of  llainlili'ioninn  and  Dlii- 

■iiond,  I.  l-ju. 
Of     I,(!xliii;tnn     and     I,n. 

cnmtr,  I    l(H»,;ir)H.;U5,!U7. 
of  F.i'xhiKton  iiKaJnHtTlnii', 

iPcoiid  match  of  r.PxhiL'ton 

mill  I,i'i-.iTii(,.,  I.  .■it). 
0«buldcBton'ii     Mutch,    1. 

Of  Pryor  ond  Lecomlo,  I. 

of  Hed  Eyoand  DIc'k  Doty, 

of  Itod  Kyo  and  ()nu-pye<l 

Joe,  I.  li!,-,. 

Of      Hl,|,r|„.„f.H,„|,l      n„j 

Chilli  ■<  XII.,  I.. tw 


Matrhcii  of  Trnttem— 

I'Hul  I'ry  aKalni>t  tlnii«,  II. 

I.Vi. 
I'lirdyV    Kate,    lim   imIIch 

llltllllKl  llllll'.  li,  I'.CI, 

HiillliT   iiiid  Siiiu.irlMT 
II.  l:i'l 


Ml»ii  ('olvllln 


lii'dli'rci,.  I,  ii-iv 
MIkii  (iollioiir 
I.  lUMI 


'.),  I.  I'.iii.  IVN. 
mnir,  hr.  ui.  (Iinp.), 


Kliiloii  und  l^iiy  Nullolk, 

BIr   WultiT   Hfoit  BKuliiHt 

llllll'.  II    I7H. 
taiidi'iM  mulch,  II   1,-ih. 
TriiHi..',  ■jii  nillcH  UL'alnHl 

llni.'j  II,  imi. 
Wlmlclioiiu  iiKuliiHt   time, 

II.    M!). 

W'lmli'bonc  and  Jerry,  il. 

MatchlcHmimi).),  I.  nno. 
Mulllija  UouiImIiiiI).),  |.  flja 
Maud  llllll). »,  I.  (I'.if. 
Mil/iilmillllcy'ii  Iluil.t,  II.  HB 


0' SiHiilliu  aiid  Cym'ha,  I. 

4-w,  '1 17. 
of  Wnifiior  II  nd  Oroy  Eairlo. 
„        I.  I(i7. 801.  ^      «    • 

aUtcbua    of   Trottcrn.— Early 

matchci',  II.  i;!l. 
Arlul,    tllly    mile    maUh 

nu;aln»t  thiin,  11.  IWi, 
Ariol  and  Fanny  Murray, 

UK)  mllo  match,  II.  MC. 
AHtorold  wltli  LoadHtonu. 

I.  aw,  aim. 
barbaroiitu  match,  II.  "in. 
best     tlm<!     of     troll  liiir 

matches',  II.  289  to  SH7. 
brntal  matchi-s,  II.  171, 
Dodance  with   Mr.  Uow- 

nrd'H  home,  11.  18a. 
Dutchman  aKaluat   time, 

II.  171. 

Ellen  Thompson  and  Tom 

.lofTcn'on,  II.  174. 
Erlci»!<on  agalnHt  Morsan 

Chief  and  Kentucky.  li. 

870,  S71.  '• 

Fanny    .fenks,    100   mile 

m.itch  ugalnet  time,  II. 

188. 
first    match   on   Hnntlne 

Park  Coume,  II.  148. 
Flora  Temple,  matches  and 

Irots,  11.  «9  to880 
Koniblo    Jackson  against 

O'Blenls,  II.  218. 
Kcntncky   ai^alnst    Floct- 

In?  and  others.  l.,S78,B7n 
Lady  Knt«  against  time, 

11.  151. 
Lady  SiifTolk.  matches  and 

trote,  11.  306-312, 


Mcdhi,  llorHiMil',  I  iii 
Ml  illcliie,  tuble  of,  II.  Kin, 
.Vli'dliy  (Imp.),  1.  V<H,  Kit,  1«9 

ppdl^'iee  of,  I.  l;;(|, r/iO. 
„,    Ki'tof  I.  i;i(i. 
Medley  idov.  W  llllnnm' Orny). 

I.i.ltl.  MO,  Mil,  Ml,  14f. 
Medley  .Mare,  I.  ian. 
Mediie,  peillirree  of,  1.108. 
Medina  (Imp.),  I.  tttl. 
Mi'liixe  ilmi).),  1,  024, 
Menioli « iil't'elebrutcd  Horses' 
ofHIr  Arehy,  1.  171 
ofDlonieil,'!.  17n. 
ofAmerlean  Eclipse,  1. 178. 
I         of    The    Jusiln    Morgan 
Horse.  11.110.  " 

of  Ijidy  hliiilblk,  II.  808, 
of  Flora  Temple,  II.  289. 
Momiion  Mure  (Imp.),  I.  UiM 
Mi'iidoza  (Imp),  1.  r>61 
Miner  ^iinp),  1.  Kl. 
Mirllii    i:iiu'llsli),  I,  187. 
i\Ieriiiiii,i  (Imp.),  I.  o»l. 
Mciniuu  (Imp.),  1.  8fil. 
MiTijlield  (Imp.),  I.  661. 
Merry  Jjiss  (Imp.),  1.694, 
Mirry  Plntk,  (Imp.),  1,  fini. 
Merry  Tom  (Imp),  1.608. 
Mossciiijcr  (Imp),  by  Mumbrl- 
no.  I.  UH    160,   151:   1|, 
!M.  114.  SU,  2in!  ' 

pcdl)/reo  of  II.  569. 
Meteor  (Imp.),  1,  662. 
Moiix  (Imp.),  I.  im. 
Mexican  (Imj).),  1.  668. 
Mexico,  wild  horses  of,  I.  86 
Mlchl.i'un.  the  horse  stock  of. 

11.  W,  89-!)8. 
Micky  Free  (Imp),  1.  662. 
M  dee  (E)ifrlish  Marc),  1.  186. 
Milliner  (Imp.),  I.  624. 
Mingo,  by  Ecllnsc,  1.  IBS. 

shape,  action,  stride,  and 


„,      pedigree,  1.  108. 

Mranila.  b.  m.   (Imp.i,  1.  68S. 
1  Misfortune  (Imp.),  1.  685. 
!  Miss  Accident,  b.  m.  (Imp.),  1 

i  Miss  Andrews,  b.  m.  (Imn  )  1 
I  68.-).  '      K   .   . 

I  Miss  riolvolr  (English),  I.  186 

l.W,  180,  17i. 
'  Miss  BennlniTton  (Imp.),  1,685 
Miss  Cleveland   (English),  l! 

Miss  Ollnkor,  b.  m.  (Imp.),  1. 


MI"[:ill.Mi(Kimll,h),  I,  180, 

.Ml,'"  I' note,  1.   11,0 

.MI-»Me.eiliili(Knglli.h),  I,I;I7 

il "".'"'",'''  !"■""''".  "■  I'M 
iMhs    KiK  kiiigliain    (Imp.),    I 

0'.i(i, 
MN"  Hose,  b.  Ill    limp  ),  I.CjKi 
Miss  KiiHuii    llodge   (Imp.),    I, 

{''-"•TI'lKh  iKngllsli),  I,  l;ia, 
.^ll-s  Mehl  iliiip.i.  I.  tliio. 
.^llss  Wliniiiilll  (Imp,),  1,  696. 
.^I'ldern  Hunt— ».  If.  81. 
Modesi,v  (lr.,iler),  II.  Jafl,  iflo, 

Moloch  il'in;i.),  1.  668. 
Ml. II  lliMzeii,  I,  O'.'O. 
Moll  In  the  V\iid,b.  m.  (Imp.), 
I.  (,^'0,  '  " 

Moiinrcli  (Imp.),  |.  658. 
Monarch  (Imp.),  by  i-rlam,  I. 

Monkey  ( Kngllslo.bv  Loasdalo 

Arabian,  I.  127. 
Monkey  (Imp.),  I.  6,')8. 
Monkey  Mure  (Imp.),  1.697. 
Moidecal  (Imp.),  1.  568. 
Morgan  Morse,  or  Justin  Mor- 
gun,  I.  119,  11)1 :   il.  75. 
104,  105,  lOti.         ' 
pedigree.  II.  107,  881. 
nmiurkson,  II.  103,109. 
memoir  of,  1|.  110. 

recorded  get.  II.  1  IB,  189. 
Moreton's  Traveler  (Imp.),  I. 
127     128.    I)i6,  180    lisO; 
II.  l07,  108, 101),  881. 
Moro(lmii.i,  I.  668. 
Morven  (Imp.),  I.  K>S. 
Morwlck  Bull  (Imi),),  1.  668. 
Mosco  (Imp.),  I.  55!). 
Moscow  (trotter),  alias  Paste 
Carrcnu,  1.  111. 
performances,  II.  176, 179. 

1N6,  IHO,  187, 11(4. 
pedigree   of,   11.   180,    188, 
188. 
Moses  (English),  I.  im. 
Mount    Holly    (trotting   Htal- 
llon),  II.   150,   160,    108, 
104. 
Mousetran  (Imp.),  I.  668. 
Mucous  Membranes,  II.  618. 
Mnfll  (Imp.),  1.  554. 
Mulatto  Mare,  b.  f.  (Imp.).  1. 

087. 
Musgrove's  Gray  Arabian,  1. 

180. 
My  Lady  (Imp.),  I.  697. 
Myrtle  (imp.),  I.  097. 


JS-. 

Nameless,  b.  m.  (Imp.),  I.  (SS. 
Nancy  Bywell,  b.  m.  (Imp.),  I, 

Nanny  Kllbnm  (Imp.),  1.  688. 
Narrngaiisett  Ilorto  (pacor),  I. 

the  horse,  11.  07. 
characteristics,   II.  09,  70. 
73.  74, 
Native  (Imp.),  I.  664. 
Natural  History  of  the  Horse, 
1. 58. 


.    ).  I.  lA),  IKN. 

"'■.It.  111.  (Imp.  I, 

•iiiulliili),  I   loi. 
IMI 

iKiiv'IMii,  I,  I;i7 
(lr<'lli'i>,  II.  KM 

.'liiiin    (jiiij).),    I 

'»  iiiiip),  I. nan, 

'lHl»,'<l     (|UI|>.I,     I, 

;nnil''ii>,  I.  i;ia. 
p.  1, 1.  tiwi. 
Iilnil).),  I.  6iifl. 

•».  11.  »1. 

or;,  II.  IM,  160, 

I.  WS8. 
tl«l. 
Ill,  I),  m.  (Imp.), 

1,  I.  BBS. 

),  by  iTlam,  I. 

»li).by  Lontdalu 
I.  I'/J. 
,  I.  M8. 
Imp.),  I.  687. 
),  1.  rM. 

or  .IiiBtln  Mor- 
la,  118;  II.  78, 
im. 

.  107,  SRI. 

,11.  ins,  109. 

il.  110. 
t.  II,  IIB,  1S9. 
flcr  (Imp.),  I. 
i!in,  isn,  168; 

1. 100,  !»1. 

>os. 

I.  6.^8. 

iii|>.),  1.  668. 
fiM. 

r),  allaH  Pae«e 

.  Hi. 

f ,  II.  176, 179, 

<7,  KM. 

,  II.  180,   188, 

I I.  \m. 

(lolling  Htal- 
100,  160,   lua, 

),  I.  668. 

HUH,  11.  CIS. 

M. 

).  f.  (Imp.),  1. 

y  Arabian,  I. 

1.637. 
(i87. 


(Imp.),  I.  688. 
.  m.  (Imp.),  I, 

mp.),  I.  688. 
rso  (pacor),  I. 

67. 

B,  II.  69,  70, 

)B4. 

f  tbo  norse, 


NavtruUr,  or   Joint   nUo:iii-, 

II.  ri8l. 
Nvbiilii.  l.:i.'y.i. 

pniiliH'.',  1.  :w(i, 
Xoll  Uwyiiii  (iiiijii,  I  688. 
NmIIIii  JiuiK'.  limp),  I.  tm. 
Nollluloii,  h,   liiiiui.U,  I.  1!!';. 
Niitty,  I'll   III.  limp  I,  !.  081). 
Nawi'iMiili'ri    M.iuiilutii  Arubl- 

nil,  I.  Oii. 
NIcholiii*  I  .  Ii.v  (llriKoc,  I.;i68. 
NU'tiolii'  I  Imp  ),  I.  IVX 
Nlmiiiil  iliiip.),  I,  .Vil. 
Noble  limp  ),  I.  .W). 
Noiipiiriill  (hup.,  I.  IVkV 

NoiipiiiH  (fillip.),  I.  mu. 
NormiMi  llomu  of  Ciinailu,  I. 

Kill.  114;  il.  17.  riO. 
hl'<lorv  orCiiiiuilliiii,  II  m. 
Norlli  llrlfloii  (Imp.),  I.  :&:>. 
Norlb  Hiiir  ilmp.l,  I   fiV) 
Norlliiinilii'i'hiiiil,    iillii"     Irinh 

(irily  (Imp.),  I    iW'.. 

Northiiiiiixirluiiil  Muiit  (imp.), 

I.  iliil. 
Novelty,  111.  (Imp  ),  i.  (1S1». 
NovlciMlrap.),  i.  tl-jn. 
Numiiilun  Burbx,  I.  :I8. 
Nuu'h  UuUKlitur  (imp.),  I.  iVHi. 


o. 

Ohcron  (Imp),  1.  S.'W. 
Obiliiiirli^x  ol'  Slullions,  I.  147. 
Biii'i^|>lialii'4iM''XUUilurtbu 

(;    'lit).  1.  r,; 
BiiriiV  Mii.'      ,  1.  67. 
Kiuilili  1<;  li.Mi,  1.67. 
KiMiilil.'.la  Lhoii,  II.  81.1. 
Liiily  Hiillolk,  il.  !J18. 
HcrinvdiiviM-,  it.  147. 
O'BlunlM  (Irottf-r),  ii.  808,818. 
Obnciirlty  (imp),  I  615(1. 
Obiiorvittioiirtou  importod  Htal- 

llonr.   1.  rM. 
Octaviiii'  M:iio  (imp.).  I.  631). 
Of?ltiliiorpo  Ai-aliiiin,  1.  Wl,  18H. 
Ohio,  lioi-HO  Htocli  of,  II.  7(1,  »i. 
O'Koily,  i.  113. 
O'Kuliv  (imp),  I.  65(1. 
Old  AliiliiiUili,  poditfrec,  II.  8(11. 
Old  Oliild   Maro  (liiiKUHb),  1. 

ISH. 
Old  BiikI'XxI  (Imp.),  ■'»('*!  with 

Sulim,  i.  131,  i:i8,  tm. 
Old  Shock,  i.  l!Sil. 
Olympun  Kiliy  (imp),  1.  629. 
Olympiist  Mure  (imp),  1.  (130. 
Only  TImt,  b.  m.  (imp.).  I.  (130. 
Oneida  Uiiicr  (pacor),  II.  178, 

173,  177,  17rt, 
OnuB  (linpj,  1.  B.")0. 
OpoBBiiui   Filly,  by  Modloy,  1. 

1  Ift,  137. 
Orleanu  (Imp.),  1.6.10. 
Orooiiolii)  (imp.),  i.  656. 
Orpliiin  (Imp.),  i.  080. 
Orvlilo  Miirc!  (imj>.),  1.  030. 
OabaldeMlon'B   Mntch,  to  rldo 
800  niiica  In  ten  hours,  I. 
48.-). 
Oscar  (imp),  I.  550,  6,'57. 
Oscar,  by   (iabrlel,  I.  Ifl6, 13a 

1(W,  178. 
Oscar,  by  Wonder.  I.  141. 
Oacar  M;iro  (imp.),  I.  6.30. 
Of  ?llo,or  BIiici<-ttiid-all-Black, 
I,  131,  i;«,  144. 
potllgroe,  I.  657. 


INDEX. 


Othii  (Kii;(ll>>b),  by  Moaca,  I.  j 

i;tr.  I 

Uvvr  CuHt  (imp  I,  i.  081. 


P. 

I*arer»  and  paclnif.  ii.  8N6. 
Ill  -I  tliii.'iiii  IV.  iii'il,ll.8HB, 
lliill»»uyV.  Ii.  III. 
Jiiiii.  '  K.  I'oli..  ii  li'i7. 
Niu'i'ii^'iiiiM  II'h.  i.  118. 
blHiiiryor.  il.  (17,60. 

riHUholll.li'.    Ii.   !<8I). 

iifrliniiiiiMci'K,  (I,  8M6. 
I'mlllr.  Iiy  HIr  Ariliy,   I.   118, 

1  !3. 
I'W'oliitilmp),  I.  1,'lfi.  I'N),  lOS. 

pcdi^riM'  111',  i.  ,V,7. 
Pacoiit  (Iruy.  by  (  lllzeii,  1. 1 U, 

113. 
I'ai'oliit  (\Vllliiim»on'ii),  I.  148, 

146,  147. 
Piicoli't  Maic,  I.  681. 
I'lm  (Imp.).  I.  W7 
i'aiiiliMii,  liy  Mi'dli'y,  I.  186. 
I>.iiiiii.t(liiip.),  I.  631. 
r.iiilnliiiiii  (imp. I,  i.  ."167. 
Piiiiliiliiiiii  Muri',  I.  4t)H. 

priHliiri',  I.  lOH. 
I'urlbiiin  lliii'Ki',  i.  to. 
I'arlniir  M«ic,  I    fJ7,  130,  I'lH, 

8H,  81),  i:ir>,  1 16,  I  111. 
I'artnor  (Cirim^wood'H),  I.  VM, 

t8H. 
I'artnor,  Moon  b  (imp.),  1.  667. 
I'arliii'r,  C'rol'i'B  (imp.),  I.  867. 
I'lirliiiT,  by  Traviiiiir,  1.  136. 
I'UKBO  t^iirri'iui  (liiitl(ir),  iiilnB 
MoBiiiw.  1.  17!),  1K8,  18i). 
I'nxKalc  (icii).),  1.  .ViH. 
I'li^itriiL'ur  (Imp.).  I  68H. 
I'liiil  Ullrtorii  (trottor),  II.  110. 
Paul  Pry  ((loliu-i),  11.  86,  41, 

\',i,  116,  168,  16-t,  lfl<. 
PnymuHliir  (Imp.),  i,  5.'''.i. 
PuymiiHtrr  Mure  (imp.),  I.  Otl. 
Pciiciimiiki'r,  l)y  Dior.ii'if,  1. 1!i7. 
Pnacoc.k  (HpiiiilBli  liorno),  I.  Ut>. 
PudlnrwB  iinii  (ii't— 

of  Bciilord  (imp.).  1.  IJW. 

bin  K«t.  1-  131). 
of  I)iomi'd(imp.)l.,  137. 

hlB  KOt,  I.  1.17. 
of  (labriel  (imp.),  I.  187. 

hlB  L'Cit,  1.  1H8 
ofMcilloy  (imii.),  1.  186. 

hlH  IfOt,  1.  lilO. 
ofShui-k  (Imp.),  I.  106. 
his  tfct,  I.  137. 
Pedigrees,  Pi'rformancos,  and 
Anecdotes    of   FnmoiH 
American  Hacers,  1. 16(1. 
of  American  EclipKo,  1. 178. 
of  Ariel,  1.  106,  11)7,  881. 
of  Arrow,  i.  3.3H,  ;)81). 
of  AHleroid,  I.  .S-W,  801. 
of  niiu  U  Muria,  I.  888,  860. 
of  Blue  Dick,  i.  166. 
of  Boston,  1.  870,  8fl0,  883. 
Of  Clarion,  i.  108. 
of  Fashion,  I.  284,887,888. 
performances  of,  I.  884 
to  889. 
ofOreyEnKlo,  1.861.888. 
of  .lohn  Bascomb,  i.  164. 
ofKcnliicky.l.  374,  376. 
of  Leamlnf^on  (Imp.),  I. 

407,  411. 
ofLecomte,  I.  313,  813. 


noT 


PodltiriM'B,  Prrfiirn..  ;  ri'B,  iiud 
Aiiviiliiiin  III  Khiiioui 
Ami'i'ii';!)'  Uii'iT" 

of  l.>'xiii|(liiii,l  HOit-iK't. 

of  .M  iliir,  i    llhl. 

of  .MiiKjii,  i    163. 

of  I'l'Vloiiii.  1.  161 

ofPimt  tlov.  I.  toil. 

ofPryiii,  I.  .'I6l,!i:i8. 

of  HIr  AiThy,  i.  178. 

ofHIr  llenrv,!    I.'»l. 

of  Wiitfliir,  I.8.M.  •i6a. 
I'edixriii'    of    Kioia    Tenipln, 
(Iriitli'i  I.  II   -iK),  8:ifi. 

of  Ki'iiiliii' .la.  I.Hiii.  11.814. 

of  l.aily  Hiilliilk,  II.  *k*. 

of  Miir'.'iiii  lliiriie,  il    H\t. 

of  PiiruiiiiiilaH,  II.  881 

of  Iriillliiu'  lioivux,  ii   8H0. 
Peu'iV  (imp  1.  I  Hill. 
Pelliain   itr.itiiTi,  II.  187,  11«l, 

l'.)7.  -.HW,  813. 
Pcnilopi'.  lb.  111.  (Imp),  I.  681. 
PiTiMlmp  1.  i.  038. 
Pi'iTy  Man'  (Imp),  I.  6.'K. 
IVrroi'miiiiii.'B     ol     ADierlrau 
Uiiciirs  - 

Ami'rlniii  KcUpso,  I.  179. 

Arii'l,  I  801. 
nt  Ni'vv  Ol  loans,  I.  471, 

Tiluck  Maria,  I.  886. 

iliiHl I.  'j;:,  8M1). 

Ilrow'i  Dirk.  i.  I4.\  448. 

Dick  Duly.  1.  406. 

KaHhliiii,  I   8H'-i,  8H». 

lliiiiy  IVrrltl,  1.  4 17. 

Li'xlii«ton,  I.  .308-31)8. 

Utile  Fli'n,  1.316. 

most  renowiii'il,  I.  410. 

Perl'oriimiicus  iil  Kaiiiiiiis  Trot- 

Unis  Horses,  ii.  886. 

AstiTobl,  I.  301-871. 

Awful,  II.  101. 

best  I  line  on  record,  II.  881, 
888. 

Dexter,  11.  8ri7,  868. 

Diiti'hnmii.  ii.  IIH). 

Kricsson,  II.  801),  870. 

Fanny  .lenks,  II.  181,  188, 
11)6,  VM. 

Fanny  Murray,  Ii.  186. 

Flora  Ti'iiipic,  ii.  8.36. 

lloldsmlth  Muid,  II.  881, 
'ir>i. 

Kentucky,  I.  376-100. 

Liuiv   HulVolk,  Ii.  800,  810, 
811. 

Lady  Tlioino,  ii  ai.V947. 

Leaniliiu'loii,  1.411-110. 

Mambrliio   tUilef,  Ii.  878, 
876. 

Paul  Pry,  il.  166. 

Purdy's  Kale,  Ii.  1(H). 

HIpton,  II.  173. 

Tacoiiy,  Ii.  801-889. 

Tbornediile,  II.  877. 

TopKallunt,  !i.  148. 

T^l^'tce,  Ii.  IIK),  198,  294. 

YouiiK  Morrill,  II.  865. 
Performances  of  Bacero  (Kna- 
llsh)- 

Almanzor,  I.  480,  483,  448. 

Alonzo.  i.  488. 

Brown  Bettv,  t.  480,  488. 

Chnntei,  1.  181. 

Charles  the  12th.  1.  4,37. 

Cymba.  1.  114,  147. 

Diumimil,  1.  488. 

En-lish  Kcilpse,  i.  420,488, 
448,  453,  463. 


698 


INDEX. 


PerformancoB  of  Racers  (Ene- 
llulD—  ^     ^ 

Fire  ail,  i.  .121. 
Flying  Clii'durH,  1.420, 422, 

423,  .i:«,  t-W,  4M,  403. 
Fox.  i.  120,  421. 
Haiiil)let()iiiaii,  i.  122 
lliiirn  Qiiiblor,  i.  422. 
Kingston.  I.  4U,  447. 
0»b'al(ioHt()ii  match,  i.  425. 
Orvjilc,  i.  42J. 
'»'■•  IV.toii  Sykea,  1.  444, 

Slei-m-of-IIaiid,  i.  487. 

S|)3ocl\voll,  1.  421. 

Si'vplico,  .144,  447. 

\V\rtt  An-itnilian,  i.  4-14, 447 
PerHinii  lloi-c,  i  2^1  30 
Pet  (Irolter),  ii.  201,  2iri,  218. 
Peter  Lely  Mare  (im|).),  i.  032. 
Pet\v<,rth  (Inij)  ),  i.  (i,i2. 
Peytonu,  by  iSlencoe,  I.  162. 

cle-icriptioii  111',  i.  Iftl. 

pedigree  of,  i,  104. 

race  with  Fashion,  1,  166. 
Pnaut:miia  Omp.),  i.  fiH'i 
P)uiraoh(inii).),  !.  558. 
Phaetou,  i.  358. 

SSm";''""'"""  liniP),  i.  658. 
SjJJI^-  ■wn  (iuip.\  1.  659. 
Pmla.)cipliia  Sal  (trotter),  11. 

Phiiiiilelphia,  b.  m.  (imp,),  1. 

Philip  (imp.),  1.  K-.9. 
Ph(enix(imp.),  i.  1,'-,1,669. 
Piccolina  (imp.),  i  cii!. 
Pickle  (imp.),  i.  t,B3. 
Pirouette  cli,  f.  (imp.),  1.  638. 
Place  K  W  hite  Turk,  i.  9,5,  18S. 

157. 
Piaceiitia,  f.  f.  (imp.),  i.  633. 
P  ay  or  Pay  (imp.),  i.  559. 
Pledge,  m.  (imj).),  i,  fi03. 
Peuty,  br.  m.  {\m\>.\  i.  608. 
Pleurisy,  ii.  518. 
Pl')iiL'hl)^.-(tro'.;r),  ii.  198. 

POCa  "-..luo   cj.;;,    T),  ii.  86,  181, 

ii-  rt'gree  cf,  ii.  221. 

b-  .;t  ln;;e  on  reco  \  !1. 224. 
Poler.ta  (imp.),  1  mv 
Pollj  IIopkiMK  (imp,),  i,  651. 
Poll'  Moss    .  np.),  i.  (134.  I 

Pomona,  b.  m.  !ir,)p.),  i.  (^ 
Ponies  (India,"),  ii,  65.  '     ,' 

Poppinjay  Mare  i  iiiit;.)  I  r,'i5     , 
Portlai-d  limp.),  i,  ujti. 
Portland  .\iabian,  i.  138 
Porto  (imp.),  i.  500. 
Possession,  m.  (imp.)  i,  635 
Post  Boy,  by  Gabriel,  1.  136, 

las.  ' 

Post  Bo^',  by  Henry,  i.  la3 
pedigree  of,  i,  163, 164;  11, 

Pot-8-o's  (English),  i.  137. 
Pot-8-o's  Mare  (imp.),  1.  635. 
Potestas  (imp.\  i.  hm. 
Potomac,  by  Sir  Archy,  1. 136, 

137, 
Potomac  (Van  Ranst),  1.  154, 

1.T5. 
Precipitalc  (imp.),  1.  nm. 
Precipila.e  Marc  (imp.),  1.  036. 
Prerogalive  (imp.),  i.m). 
Priam  (Ini]).),  i.  loo,  143,  148, 

.500. 
Priam  Mare  (imp ),  1.  636. 
Prima,  1. 1'36. 


Primrose,  by  Diomed,  1.  137, 

Primrose  (imj).),  i.  6.36. 
Primula  liiiiii),  i.  636. 
I'rince  (imp,),  i.  5iiO. 
Prince  (Irolten.  ii.  217, 
teii-nile  race.  ii.  217. 
one  Imiidred  mile  race.  II. 
an,  21H. 
Prince  Ferdinand  (imp.),  1. 500. 
Prince  Frederick  (imp,),  L.^OO 
Principles  of  nreoding,  II.  289. 
,  Prioress,  by  Sovereign  (iinii.). 

I.  1(19, 
I         race  « It  h  Nicliolas  I ,  i,  427. 
;  Progress  in  Breeding,  i.  427, 
{         table  of,  i,  .127, 
,  Pronii  (',  ch.  m,  (imp.),  1.  637. 
Pniiiclla  ,imi).),  1.  037. 
Pryor,  by  Ulencoc,  i.  169. 
de  'cription  of,  i.  353. 
pedigree  of,  1.  851. 
race  with  Lecomte,  i.  354. 
race  v.itii  Floride.  1.  357. 
Psyche,  gr.  m.  (imp.),  i.  6,37. 
Pumiced  Feet,  11.  6*1. 
Punch  (Imp.),  I.  561. 
Punchinella  (imp,),  1.687. 
Pussy  (imi).).  1.637, 
Puzz.e  (imp.),  I.  561. 

Quaga,  i.  85, 58. 

Queen  Aiin,  bl  m.  (Imp,),  1. 6.37 

Qii'cn,  The,  ch,  m.  (imp.),  i.' 

Queen  Mab  (Imp.),  1. 180, 128, 

Qulckpilver,  1.  1,30. 
Qnict  Cuddy,  1. 187. 


R. 


Babecca  (Imp.),  I.  688. 
Races  of  Famous   American 
Horses — 
American    Fjlijise,  great 
match  with  Sir  Henry,  i. 
183. 
Ariel  and  Flirtilla,  1.  808. 
Ariel.  1,  202-220. 
Arrow,  i.  31,3,  317. 
Asteroid,  1,  301-304. 
at  New  Orleans,  1. 471,  474 
hest  four-mile,  I.  454. 
best  three-mile  ever  run 
I.  .346.  ' 

Black  Maria,  i.  22S-2.50. 
Black  Maria's  twenty-mile 

race,  i.  *)0. 
Boston,  1.  277,  289. 
Fashion,  i.  284,  280. 

match  with  Boston,  I. 
289-299. 
Kentucky,  1.  375-393.  , 

Lexington,  1.  ,308,  .309.  ' 

with  Lecomto,  1.  .317, 

331. 
match  against  time,  I. 

32.),  ,3*.  ! 

second  wiih  Leeomte. 

i.  .333,  340,  : 

Leeomte,  i.  .ill-SlO.  I 

with  Lexington,  1. 817-33,3. 

Pryor  with  Leeomte,  1.  354  ' 

~;J56,  j 

W.igner  and  Grey  Eagle,  i.  < 
853-275.  i 


Race  Courses  (early),  1  135 
Albany,  N.  Y,,"|,  151. 
Alexandria,  D.  C,  I.  1,30 

Balh.  Long  I;  luni!,  I,  153 
Beacon,   Ilobol.en,  N.  J., 

I.  153. 
Beaver  Pond,  Jamaica,  L. 

I.,  m,  Um. 
Fashion,  Newtown,  L.  I.. 

I.  !!5i,  rm. 

Gloucester,  Va.,  I.  127 
IIal•lop^  N.  Y.  Island,  I. 

151    liVJ. 
Maryland,  i.  128. 
National,  Newtown,  L.  1,, 

i.  ,!51. 
New  Miirkit,  L.  I..  1  130 

151.  1,V2,  l.-)3.  ' 

New  Market,  Va.,  I.  130. 
Philadelphia,  I.  132,    134, 

Pougiikeepsic  (D.  C),  N. 
Y.,  i.  151,  ua. 

Powlesllook,N.  J.,II.168. 
Richmond,  \  a.,  I,  ]3(i. 
Wasliingt<m,    Charleston, 
S.C,  7.1.30. 
P,aco  horse,  true  utility  of,  1. 
476. 
essential  points  of,  I.  490. 
Rachel,  ch.  m.  (imp.),  i.  638. 
Racing— 

early  racing,  i.  29. 

In  America   generally,   1. 

18,3  to  166,  ' 

Cromwell's    proclamation 

against.  I.  94,  95. 
Elizabeth  s  lime.  1.  V!3,  94 
in  England,  i    17,  79,  8(), 

88,  93.  .119-4.17. 
for  races,  si  •  J!i.lchcs  and 

Performances. 
In  Greece,  1.  29. 
James  Flisi's  lime,  I.  93 
In  MarylaiKl,  i.  125-1.37 
Newmaikct,Eiig.,1.9],94. 
In  New  York,  i,  1.30, 137. 
In  North  Carolina,  1,  130, 

135. 
In  Pennsylvania,  1. 132-137. 
In  So.  Carolina,  1. 130, 135. 
In  \  irgiiiia,  I.  125. 
Radish  (imp.).  1.  6.38. 
Raglan's  Uiimicd,  I.  148. 
,  Ranger  (imp.),  i.  561. 
Ranter  (imp.),  i.  561. 
Rattle  (Euijlish),  i.  127, 188. 
Rattler  (trotter),  ii.  1S9,  160 
;  .„         15,^,  ICO,  11,4,  167,  178.      ' 
Raven's  \\  ing  linip.),  i.  ujjR 
i  Reality,  by  Sir  Ardiy,  I.  137. 
j  Recovery  Waie  (imp.),  i.(;j8. 
Reel,  by  Ch  i:coe,  i.  1(;2  166. 
I  Roin''ee  (imp.),  1.  (:K8.    ' 
■  Regiilus  (iini).).  i.  ]s.7,lf8, 130, 
I  la"),  K(),  ICO.  1C3. 

pedl.;rec,  ,%1. 
Remus  (imp.)   I,  r,61. 
Republican  (imp.),  1.  502. 
Restless   (imi).;,  I.  £62. 
Reubo,  ch.  g.,  ince  with  Le- 
eomte, i.  ;.ii,  ;;47. 
Revenge  (imp.),  i.  562. 
Revenue  Mate  (in, p.),  I,  689 
Rhode  Island  (Irolter),  11.  803 

813,  216, 
Richard's  Arabian,  i.  138. 
Richard  (imp,),  1.  502. 
Blddlesworth  (imp.),  1.  868. 


^■SS?^Pi^S!^»B^B»!«g«« 


"    ■**?•. SFfiB^^. 


INDEX. 


Biding,  II.  i%,  354. 
Rinjjiut,  b.  f.  limp.),  i.  ™,. 
Klptoii  (trotloi),  II.  Ult,  109,172 
porfonnaiice*  of,    li.   ITS, 
179,  \H-i,  187,  189. 
Road,  iaaua''emout  of  liorBe?, 
il.  470. 
driving  and  riding,  ii.  477. 
feeding  on  road,  fi.  481. 
condition  ballx,  ii.  483. 
Roanolie  (pacer),  ii.  187. 
Roaring,  if.  Ml. 
Robin  Uedbrea»t(imp.),  i.  563. 
Roclcliigliani  (Eng.),  f.  137,129. 
Rock  mure  (imp.),  I.  (539. 
Roderlclt  Dliu  (imp.),  i.  563. 
Rodney  (imp.)  i.  Sftt 
Rodoiph  (imp.),  i.  663. 
Rodora  (imp.),  i.  689. 
Roger    of    tiie    Valo    (alias) 
(Imp.),   Jolly  Roger,   i. 
127,    133,    139,   140,   144, 
14,-.,  146. 
Holla  (trotter),  ii.  159,  163. 
Roman  (imp.),  1.  151,  603. 
Hosalind  (imp.),  i.  689. 
Koscius  (imp.),  1.  563. 
Rose  of  Waaliingtou  (trotter), 
trot  witii  Etimn  Allen, 
ii.  105. 
Roslna  (imp.),  i.  640. 
Rounclliead  (English),  1. 127. 
Routh'8  Black  Eyes  (EngllBli), 

i.  ISi. 
Rowton  (imp.),  I.  664. 
Royalist  (imp.),  1.  141. 
pedigree  of,  1.  564. 
Royal  Mares  (i)arb9),  1. 127, 128. 
1,1. 


I  Seagull  (Imp.),  i.  50,5 
639.        I  HeiaTiy  Turk,  I.  96,  If 


Roxaua  (Euglisli),  i.'l27. 
Ruby  (imp.),  i.  564. 
Ruler  Mare  (imp.),  I.  640. 
Rysdyk's  Hambletonlan— 

history,  11.  859,  260. 

his  get,  11.  21)0. 

pedigree,  II.  800,  861. 

S. 

SacriflcG  (Imp.),  i.  640. 
Saint  George  (imp.),  i.  574. 
Saint  Paul  (imp.),  i.  674. 
Sally  of  tiio  Vulley(imp.),  1.640. 
liaily    Miller    (trotter),    heat 

time,  li.    133,    142,    1.16, 

154,  155,  156, 157, 187. 
Salorta  (imp.),  i.  640. 
Saltram  (imp.),  I.  141,  146, 140. 

pedigree  of,  1.  504. 
Sam  Park  (imp.).  I.  564. 
Sampson  (min,),  I.  5ttt. 
Sampson  Filly  (^English),  first 

winner  of  St.  Leger,  1. 

101. 
Sampson  Mare  (Imp.),  1.  641. 
Sanubeck  Mare,  b.  m.  (Imp,). 

i.  641.  '    ' 

Sarah  (imp.),  i.  641. 
Sarpedim  (Imp.),  I.  664. 
Scariflcator  (imp.),  I.  641. 
Schumla  (imp  ),  i.  oil. 
Scotland,  Arabian  (Imp.)  Into, 

I.  78. 
Scout  fimp.),  1.  666. 
Screwdriver  I'trotter),  II.  138 

139,  140,  142,  144, 163. 
Screwdriver  the  Second,  11.1,50. 
Screws  (trotter),  11.  138,  139. 
Scythia,  horse  of,  i.  44. 
Scythian  (imp.;,  pedigree  of,  1. 

665. 


.,   -- .,.,  1.S0. 

Seiim  (imp.),  1.  131, 133,  134. 

pedigrt'e  of,  I.  665. 
Sellma  (imp),  i.  127,128,1.38. 

131,  131,  147,  159,  ItH. 
pedigree  of,  I.  641. 
Sellma  (imp.),  i.  641. 
Serab  (imp.),  1.  666. 
Sessioni^  (Imp.),  I.  042. 
Shadow  (Imp.).  1.560. 
Shaki'Hpenre  (imp.),  i.  606. 
Shakespeare   Mare   (Imp.),  I. 

(M2. 
Shamrock  (Imp.),  I.  am. 
Shark  ^imp.),  I.  116,  145,  161, 

162,  m. 
pedigree  of,  i.  135,  566. 


get  of,  I.  137. 
Shark  (PearceV),  I.  137. 
Shark  (by  Eclipse),  1.  rMO. 
Sharpcatcher  (cmj).),  1.  500. 
Shepherdess  (imp.),  i.  012. 
Slieppard's  Crab  (EnKllsh).  I. 

131,  137. 
Sherman's  (Morgan)  stallion, 

ii.  1U4. 
Shock  (imp),  1.560,  .567. 
Shoeing  the  Horse,  ii.  345. 

cutting  of  the  heels,  ii.  490. 

filing  up  the  shoe,  il.  498. 

fitting  the  slioe,  il.  493. 

general  observations   on. 
II.  rm. 

hind  shoe,  li.  508. 

nail  holes,  II.  491. 

nails,  ii.  499. 

nailing  on  the  shoe,  ii.  500. 

preparing  the  foot,  ii.  486. 

removing  the  shoe,  11.  506. 

the  shoe,  ii.  489. 

treatise  on,  ii.  485. 
Shottcn      Herring     (Spanish 

horse),  1.  98. 
Silver  (horse),  1,507. 
Silver  (mare),  i.  042. 
Silver  Eye  (imp.),  i.  138, 146. 

pedigree  of,  i.  607. 
Silverlegs,  I.  133. 
Silver  Star  (Imp.),  I.  642. 
Sllvertall  (English),  1.  187. 
Sir  Archy,  1.  180,  186, 142, 146, 
161, 104. 

get  of,  1.  173,174;  II.  11. 

memoir  of,  I.  171. 

pedigree  of.  1. 17;^. 
Sir  Harry  (imp.),  1.  507. 
Sir  Henry  (bv  Sir  Archy),  1. 
102,  107,  168. 

color  and  form.  1. 185. 

match  with  Eclipse,  1. 183. 

pedigree,  I.  180. 

race  with  Eclipse,  1.  187. 

time  of  race  with.  I.  182. 
Sir  Peter  Teazle  (imp.),  1.  567, 

508. 
Sir  Peter  (trotter),  11. 149, 150, 

Sir  Robert  (imp.l,  I.  608. 
Sir  Talton  (imp.),  i.  ,50S. 
Sir  Walter  (imp.),  1.  568. 
Sir  Walter  (by  Hickory),  1. 180, 

Sir  Walter  Scott  (trotter),  11. 

178. 
Siskin  (Imp.),  I.  042. 
Skeleton    and    structure   of 

horse,  1.  55. 
Skim  (imp.),  1.  .568. 
Skylark  (Imp.),  1.  669. 


699 


Slane  Mare  (imp.),  I.  613. 
Slelght-of-lland  Mare  (imp.),  I. 

t>43. 
Slender  (imp.),  1.  1.50,  569. 
Slim  (imp.),  i.  569. 
Sloven  (Imp.),  i.  131,  1.50,  569. 
Slouch  (im]).),  i.  ,'j(i9. 
Smolensko  (English),  ii.  23. 
Snake  (English),  i.  KXi,  128,186. 
Snap  (imj).),  i.  rm. 
Snap  (English),  1.  1,30, 187, 160, 

IC'J. 
Snap  Mare  (imp.),  I.  643. 
Snipe  (Imp.).  I.  609. 
Sober  John  (Imp.),  I.  670. 
Somonocodron  (imp.),  I.  870. 
Sontag  (trotter),  11.  2:^2. 
Sorehcels  (English),  1.  185. 
ijorrow  (imp.),  I.  670. 
Sourcrout  (Imp.),  I.  1.50,  670. 
Sovereign  (imp.),  I.  570. 
Spadllle  (Imp.),  1.  .571. 
Spangle  (trotter),  11,  224. 

twenty  mile  trot,  il.  884. 
Spanish  Ilorse,  1.  25,  44, 78,88, 
89,  98,  10!),  Ill,  188. 
blood,  II.  1,5. 
Spanker  (English),  1.  107,  189. 
Spanker's  Dam,  1.  129,  180. 
Spark  (imp.),  1.  126, 187. 

pedigree  of,  I.  ,571. 
Spatute  (ini|).),  I.  648. 
Spavin,  11.  .519. 

Spectator  (English),  1. 187, 188. 
Speed  and  bottom  of  American 
and  Englisli  liorses,  1. 419. 
Speculator  (imp.),  I.  571. 
Spiletta  (Englisli),  1,  107. 
Spiletta  (Imp.),  i,  044. 
Splints,  Ii.  588. 
Sportsman  (imp.),  1.  671. 
Spot  (trotter),  II.  142, 147, 148. 
Spot  Mare  (Imp.).  I.  644. 
Spread  Eagle  (imp.),  J.  671. 

d<'ath  of,  i.  147. 
Sprightly  (imp.),  I.  578. 
Souirt  (Englisli),  1.  100, 186. 
Stable  management,  Ii.  436. 
bathing  a  horse,  ii.  456. 
clothing  a  wet  do.,  II.  488. 
docking  and  pricking,  U. 

459. 
dressing,  II.  441, 
dressing   vicioas    horses. 

ii.  444. 
tiressing  after  work,  II.  448. 
term  horses,  li,  473. 
general    management,   11. 

469, 
horses'  food,  ii,  464. 
stable  hours,  ii,  4.39. 
summering  horses,  11.  478. 
trimming  the  ears,  ii.  461. 
trimming   the   heels   and 

legs,  ir  462. 
utility  of  dressing,  II.  446. 
vermin,  II.  447, 
walking  a  heated  horse,  il. 

449. 
walking  a  wet  horse,  11. 

451. 
watering  tlic  horse,  11. 469. 
wisping  a  wet  horse,  il.  483. 
Stabling  and  stable— 
air  system,  ii,  419, 
architecture,  il.  413. 
city  stable  plans,  ii,  488. 
"    estimate  of,  11.  426. 
effects  of  darkness,  ii,  414. 
floor  and  windows,  ii.  416, 


600 


INDEX. 


Stabllns  »nd  stable— 
hunifsM  room,  II.  421. 
lar"o  country  mable,  l"l.  431. 
esthnuloolcoHt,  11.438 
email   country  stable,    ii. 

'1*7. 
estimate,  il.  .130. 
Staflbrd  (Ini]),),  i.  r>'2, 
StalllonM  HtandiiiL'  In  Encland 
In  n.'K),  I,  KH,  105.  " 
forelifu  Btalllonu,  1.  104 
unlive  Htallions,  1.  105 
StaJlioUB  (Imi).),  1.  S07. 

obsorvaffonH  on,  I.  500 
Star  (Duke  of  Brldgewatcr's), 

1.  iH42, 
star  (Imp.),  I.  .578. 
Starlinf,'  (imj).),  1.  572. 
Starling,  by  Sir  Pelor  Teazle. 

(1011).),  1.  .573. 
Starling  Mare  (Imp.),  i.  644. 
Statira,  ch.  m.  (Imp.),  1.  644 
Stanghton  Lass  (Imp.),  1.  644. 
Stella  timp.),  I.  m. 
Stella  (trotter),  11.  225. 
Sterling  (Imp.),  I.  573. 

m^  Of  Starling  (Imp.),  1. 
Stirling  (imp.),  I.  578. 

gj-  gfoi-KO  (Imp.),  i.  674. 
St.  Gile«  (imp.),  I.  574. 
St.  Lawrence   (Canadian).  11 
203,  813. 

8t.  Nicholas  Mare  (imp.),  1. 

St.  Paul  Omp.),  I.  674. 
stock.    Horse  stock  of  Ohio 
and  the  West,  II.  70,  83 
horee  stock  of  Michigan, 

li.  88. 
horse  stock  of  Iowa,  il.  100 
at    ?'J*''i5'''  of  Michigan,  li.  95! 
Stockholder  (by  Sir  Arciiy).  i 

142.  140. 
Stockbrldgo  Chief  (tTott»r),  11. 

105. 
Stolen  Kisses  (imp.),  I.  646. 
Stone  Plover  (imp.),  i.  573. 
Straddling  Turk  (Lester's),  i. 

&6. 
Stranger  (trotter),  IS.  147,  148. 


Strap  (imp.i,  I.  578. 
Stud  term,  il.  SOI. 
Stump's  Mare  (Imp.),  i.  645 
Stump's  Mare  Venetia  (imp.), 

SuflolkPuuch, i.  lis ;  li. 27, 88. 
Sultan  Mnre,  i.  ftl5. 
Sunny  South  (Imp.),  1.  645. 
Superiority  of  modem  racers, 

Sweeper  (imp.),  J.  181. 

pedigree  of,  574. 
Sweetbriar  (imi).)  1.  646. 


Tangier  Barb,  I.  9fl. 
Tanner  (Imp.),  I.  57). 
Tari,'et  (imp),  I.  «47. 
Tarquiu  (imp.),  I.  ,575. 
Tartar  (English),  i.  137. 
Tartar  Mare  (Imp.),  I.  647. 
Tartarian  horse,  breed  of,  1  26 
Tnttersall  (imp.).  1.  ,575. 
Teallle  Filly,  i.  347 ;  race,  1. 347. 
Tears,  ch.  ni.  (Imp.),  I.  647. 
Tecnrasoh  (trotter),  li.  216, 282. 
Tel(-grai)h  (imp.),  i.  !)75. 
Tenerltli!  (imp.)  i.  575. 
Tenlers  Mare,  cli.  m.  (Imp.),  i. 

647.  "^  ' 

Tennessee,  historyof  the  blood 

horse  in,  I.  140, 14;}. 
Texas,  wild  horse  of,  i.  26, 109 
The  Colonel's  Daughter  (imp.), 

1.  048.  V     »-  ;- 

The  Earl  (imp.),  I.  576. 
Thessalian  Horse,  i.  28,  88,  31, 

Thetis  (imp.),  I.  648. 
Thomedale— 

description  of,  ii.  876. 

pedigree  of,  li,  274. 

performances  of,  li.  277 
Thornton's  Mare,  i.  127 
Thoroughbred  race  horse,  1. 
454. 

what  is  a,  ii.  11. 

true  utility  of,  I.  476. 

essential  points  of,  1.  490 
Thoulonse  Barb,  1.  90. 
Thracian  Horse,  1.  28.  28  31 
40, 41, 43. 44.       '       '      ' 
Tib  ninman  (trotter),  11.  20; 

222,  323,  287. 
Tickle  Toby  (Imp.),  i.  676. 
Time  and  Weight,  i.  422,  423, 

Tlmoleon,  by  Sir  Archy,  1. 137 
„,       112,  l*i;ii.  11,  f7.  ' 

T  ppoo  Sultan,  1.  152,  154. 
T  resla's  Mare  (Imp  ),  1.  648. 
Tltsy  (Imp.),  1.  m 


Treasurer,  i.  161. 
Treatise  on    the    Horee.   bv 
Xenophou,  i.  35.  ' 

Treatise  on  Horse  Shoeing,  11. 

Trlfle.jjjby  Sir  Charles,  1.  168, 

twenty-mile  race,   i.  836- 
815. 
TrlHc,  by  Mllo  (imp.),  1.  619. 
T  linculo  (imp  ),  I,  577 
frinket,  ch.  ni.  (imp.),  1.  09 
best  time  on  record,  from ' 

1830  to  18,55,  II.  282! 
miscellaneous      examples 
and   extraordinary  per- 
formances of,  li.  i«6 
pedigree  of,  il.  280. 
Betsey  Baker,  11.  136. 
Boston  Blue,  il.  135. 
Top-gallant,  11.  135. 
Tom  Thumb,  li.  138. 
Treadwell  Mare,  il.  186. 
Trotting  Clubs- 

flrst   New  York   trottinjt 
club,  II.  137. 
first  purses,  ii.  137-140. 
rules  of  club,  ii.  188. 


Toby  (Imp.),  1.'  .570 


Sweetest  Wlien  Naked  (imD.). 
i.  646.  ^  " 

Swiss  (Imp.),  i.  676. 
Symmetry  (Imp.),  i.  646. 
Synonyms  of  tlie  horse,  I.  46 
Syrisn  horse.  1.  95. 

T. 

Tacony  (trotter',,  H.  41, 808, 8ft3. 
performances,  li.  20.1,  218,  > 
810.  219.  389.  887,  3.39.        i 
Ta^mor  Mare  (Imp.),  i.  646, 647. 
Taffolet  Barb,  1.  M 


Toby,   alias    Sporting  Tobr 
(lmp.),i.i31,57g.         '' 
Tom  Breeze  (imp.),  i.  676. 
Tomboy  Mare  (imp.),  i.  648. 
Tom   Crib,  ch.  h.   (imp.),  1. 

57fi.  ^  '' 

Tom  Jones  (imp),  1.  576. 
Tom  Thumb  (trotter),  ii.  130 
138,  139. 
performances  of,  1. 1.50 
Top-gallant,  by  Diomed,  1. 1.37. 
Top-gallant,  by  Gallatin,  1. 1  (2 

113,  114. 
Top-gallant  (trotter),  ii.  41, 185 
142,  146,  148. 
performances  of.  11.  148- 
160,  ir^i.  164. 
Touchstone  (imp.),  i,  678 
Tramp  Mare  (Imp.),  1.  648. 
Tranby  (lmp.\  I.  677. 
Tranby  Mare  (Imp.),  I.  649.        '• 
Trapes  (nee  Speck),  (Imp.),  1. 

649. 
Traveller.  Coatsworth  (Imp.), 

I.  577. 
Traveller,  Moreton's  (Imp.),  I. 
127, 128, 1.35,  l.<)9, 146;  159; 
11.107,108,109,281. 
pedigree  of,  i.  677 
Traveller,  Strange's,  alias  Big 
Ben,  alias   Charlemcnt, 
(imp.),  1.  677. 


Huntmg  Park  Association. 
Philadelphia,  ii.  140. 
rules  of,  11.  140, 141. 
first  meeting,  ii.  ]48_ 

Trotting  Courses  of  America 
ii.  133. 
act  for  establishing   the 

first,  li.  13,3,  134. 
the  Canton  (Baltimore),  U. 

l-'jl. 
Central  (Baltimore),  II.  140 
first  T.  C.  establisiied,  il. 

133  to  107. 
first  match  in  public  for  a 

stake,  li.  1,33. 
Harlem  Trotting  Park,  H. 

160. 
Hunting   Park,   PhUadel- 

phia.  li.  142-148. 
Long  Island  (U.  C),  11. 188. 
147  238 
True  Blue  (English),  1. 186,186. 
True  Blue  (imp.),  1.  677. 
True  Briton,  il.  107,  109. 
Trufile  Young  (imp.),  1.  577. 
Trumpator  Mare  (imp.),  1.  649. 
Trumpet's  Dam  (English),  i. 

128. 
Trumpetta,  b.  m.  (Imp.),  1.  649, 
Trustee,  by  Catton  (imp.),  I. 
151,678.  ^     1'-''    • 

Trustee  (trotter),  11.  166,  158, 
lo2. 
twenty-mile   trot,  11.  190, 
191,  198,  194.  m. 
Truxton,  1.  137, 141. 
Tiickahoe,  I.  136. 
Tup  (Imp.),  i.  678. 
Tulip,  cli.  f.  (imp.),  1,  660. 
Tunica  (imp.),  I.  650. 
Tnrkii  h  Horses,  1. 40, 94, 95, 97. 
Acaster,  1.95,187. 
Belgrade.  1. 104. 
Byerly,  I.  90,  187. 
D'Arcv,  I.  96. 
Helmsley,  I.  96,  108. 
.Tohnson's,  I.  104. 
Lister's      or      Straddling 

Turk,  I.  90. 104. 
Lord  Carlisle,  I.  104, 106. 
Piggott's,  i.  104. 


INDKX. 


601 


1. 

he    Horse,   by 

II,  i.  35.  ' 

ne  Shoeing,  U. 

Carles,  1,  162, 

'  race,  1.  23ft. 

Jmn.l,  1.  &19. 
,  i.  077. 
(imp.),  1.09. 
n  record,  irom 
)5,  il.  ass. 
UH      examples 
lordinury  pcr- 
of,  il.  m. 
ii.  280. 
ir,  Ii.  186. 
,  ii.  185. 
il.  135. 
i,  ii.  138. 
tare,  Ii.  186. 

fork  trotting 

leB,  ii.  187-140. 
;Iub,  Ii.  188. 
tAppociation, 
ia,  ii.  140. 
ii.  140, 141. 
'ting,  ii.  148- 

i  of  America, 

bliehing   the 
.134. 
ialtimore),  ii. 

more),  ii.  140. 
tabllBlied,  ii. 

1  public  for  a 

iug  Parlj,  il. 

k,   Philadel- 

-148. 

J.  C),  ii.  188, 

h),  1. 126,186. 
i.  577. 
)7,  109. 
p.),  i.  677. 
imp.),  i.  649. 
[English),  1. 

imp.),  I.  649, 
m  (Imp.),  i. 

11.  166.  158, 

rot,   ii.  190, 


,  1.660. 

iO. 

40, 94, 96,  W. 

187. 
I. 

tr. 

,108. 
H. 
Straddling 

.  104, 106. 


Turkiah  HorseB— 

Place'B  Wliite  Turk,  1.  95. 

9B,  103. 
Selaby  Turk,  1.  «i,  104, 130. 
Tiirplii  Mure  (imp.),  i.  650. 
Yellow  Turk,  i.  iW,  12j. 
Tryail  (Imp.),  i.  187,  134, 135, 
159. 

TT. 

Cnlon  Courne  RalcB,  U.  B65. 
ITrgaada  (imp.),  i.  650. 


Vaga,  ra.  (Imp.),  1. 650. 
Vnlontine  ((imp.),  i.  149,  678. 
Valliant  (imp.),  i.  578. 
Valparaiao  (imp.),  i.  678. 
Vamp,  br.  m.  (Imp.),  i.  650. 
Vampire  (imp),  1.  146. 

I)edii^roo,  I.  579. 
Varialotia  (imp.),  !.  650. 
Varlollii,  b.  m.  (imp.),  I.  65. 
Varn!«h  or  Vanish   (imp.),  1. 

651. 
Velocipeilo  Maro,  gr.  m.  (Imp.), 

i.  651. 
Venetia  (imp.),  i.  651. 
Venetian  (imp.),  I.  141. 

pedigree,  i.  579. 
Vermont  Ilorsort,  i.  110,  111. 
draught  horse,  historv  of, 

11.%!. 
Victoria  (imp.)  br.  f.,  1.  661. 
Victory  (im|).),  I.  579. 
Vintner  (English),  1.  130. 
Virago,  m.  (Trap.),  I.  136, 187. 
Virginia  Nell  (Butler's),  i.  135. 
Virginia  (by  Medley),  i.   136, 

164. 
VIrginlus,  i.  137. 
Vixen  (English),  1.  128. 
Volante  (imp.),  i.  651,  659. 
Volney,  br.  h.  (imp.),  i.  679. 
Volunteer  (imp.),  I.  579. 

Wagner,  1.  116, 164, 167. 
characteristics  of,  1.  851. 
description  of,  1.  258. 


Wagner— 

Ijudigree  of,  i.  253. 
pcrliMinaucos    of,   I.  253- 

87U. 
nice«  with  Orey  Eagle,  1. 

race  with,  1.  861. 

second  nici%  i.  270. 
Wag's  Dam  (KugUf  ti),  i.  136. 
Walton  (Imp.),  i.  ftbO. 
Walto;i  Mure  (Imp.),  1.  6152. 
War  Eagle  (trotter),  ii.  202, 203. 
Warlock's  Galloway  (IJngllsli), 

Warminster  (imp.),  i,  680. 
Waterloo  Mure  (imp.),  1.  662. 
Waterwitch  (imp.),  1.  6r)2. 
Wnxv  Maro  (Ini]).),  1.  (in2. 
Wcatlierbit    Mare,    or    CIcily 

Jiipson  (imp.),  i.  652. 
Weather  Witch  (Imp.),  1.  653. 
^V'onona  (imp.),  1.  65.'). 
Weight  and  Time,  i.  357,  422, 

42;i,  463. 
West  AuHtrallan  Maro  (Imp.), 

i.  im. 
Wh.nlo  (imp.),  i.  ."iSO, 
Whalebone   (trotter),  ii.   139, 

1 18, 1!5. 
porlormiinces   of,   ii.  146, 

119,    150,   153,    153,    155, 

191,  22.5. 
Whamcllir  (imp.),  1.  654. 
Whip,  (by  imp.  Whip),  ii.  83. 
Wliip  (Imp.),  I.  680. 
Whirligig   (imp.),  1.  128,  150, 

680. 
Wliite  Turk,  i.  95,  l.SO. 
White  Nose  (English),  1.128. 
Whitefoot  Mare  (imp.),  i.  654. 
Whittmgton  (imp.V  1.  680. 
Why  Not,  i.  144,  l.-iO. 
Wlldalr    (imp.),  Delancey,   1. 

131,  144,  150. 
pedigree,  i.  581. 
Wlldalr  (Sym's)  by  Imp.  W.,  1. 

140,  144, 146. 
Wlldalr  Mure,  i.  141, 144. 
Wlldalr    (Maryland,   by  Imp. 

W.),  1. 144. 
Wildalr  (by  Sym's  W.).  i.  144. 
Wildman's  Granby,  1. 138. 
Wild  Irishman,  i.  347. 

i-ace  of  two  miles,  i.  847. 


Wilkes'  Hautboy  Maro.  I.  158. 
William  IV.  (imp.),  i.  581. 
Williamson's      Ditto       Mare 

(Imp.),  i.  651. 
Wilson  Arabian  Mare  (Inin  ) 
1.654.  '    ' 

Winter  on  the  Horse,  I.  44, 

45. 
Woful  Maro  (imp.),  i.  654. 
Wombat  (imp.),  1.  655. 
Wonder  (imp.).  1.  581. 
Wonder  (by  Diomed),  1.  137. 

141, 142,  147. 
Woodbine  (imp),  i.  655. 
Woodcock  (Imp.),  1.  187. 
Woodpecker  (trotter),  11.  19S, 

217. 
Wrangler  (imp.),  I.  681. 


Xenophon  on  the  Horse,  1. 80, 

3(i,  37. 


;  'V'ellow  Turk,  1.  06,  128, 130. 

\  orick,  1.  Iffi,  159,  162. 

Yorkshire?  (inii).».  i.  5,S2. 
I  Yonng  Hlack  Ihiwk,  ii.  101. 
!  Young  Cailo  (English),  i.  138, 

Young   Eazzoletto    (imp.),   1. 

Y'ouug   Klatcatcher  (imp.),  i. 

Yonng  Morrill— 

hlt^torj',  ii.  263.  864. 
pedigree,  11.  2(i4. 
pcrlormnnces,  11.  S.56. 

Young  Spot  (imp.),  1.  ,588. 


Zachary  Taylor  (trotter),   II. 

194,  198,  202,  213,  887. 
Zebra,  1.  25, 68. 
Zephyrlna  (Imp.),  1.  66B. 
Zinganee  (imp.),  1.  588. 
Zinganee  or  Priam  HorBe,  br. 

h.  (imp.),  1.  688. 
Zone  (imp.),  1.  666. 


^it.'-.'**^ 


i¥iJS^ 


BIT 


ft' 


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tise  on  the  use  of  the  Gun,  wiili 
the  Art  of  Shooting  Game  of  all 


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